2. WHAT IS THE
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM?
The circulatory
system transports
nutrients and oxygen
to the cells and at the
same time carries
waste materials away
from the cells.
5. Blood is the medium of
transport in human.
Blood transports oxygen
from the lungs the cells
throughout the body, and
carbon dioxide from the
cells to the lungs.
6. Regulate the pH value of
body fluid, the body
temperature and the
water content of cells.
To protect the body
against excessive blood
loss following an injury.
To protect the body
against diseases.
7. RED BLOOD CELLS
(ERYTHROCYTES)
Biconcave disc-shape.
Thinner at the centre than
at its edges.
Contain 250 million
molecules of haemoglobin
which give the
erythrocytes its red colour.
8. Lifespan of an erthrocyte
is only 120 days.
Manufactured in the
bone marrow.
To transport the oxygen
from lungs to cells and
the carbon dioxides from
the cells to the lungs.
9. WHITE BLOOD CELLS
(LEUCOCYTES)
Colourless and have a
nucleus.
Do not contian
haemoglobin.
Larger than red blood
cells.
Mades from stem cells in
bone marrow.
10. To fight infections in
various ways
Classified as either
granular or agranular.
The granular include
neutrophils, eosinophils
and basophils.
The agranular include
lymphocytes and
monocytes
11. Neutrophils and Monophils
Are phagocytes which
engulf and digest
bacteria and dead cells.
Eosinophils
Release enzymes that
combat inflammation in
allergic reactions.
Also kill parasitic
worms.
12. Basophils
Involved in combating
inflammatory and
allergic.
Lymphocytes
Produce the immune
response against foreign
substances.
14. HUMAN BLOOD
VESSELS
Are branched vessels.
Connected to the heart to
deliver blood to all
tissues.
Three types of human
blood vessels: arteries,
veins and capillaries.
15. Arteries
Arteries transport the
oxygenated blood away
from the left side of the
heart.
Like the branches of a
tree, they become thinner
as they spread out from
the main arteries.
16. Veins
Transport used blood
from all over the body
back to the heart and
lungs for re-oxygenation.
Visible through your skin
as blue lines.
17. Are blue because they
carry blood that is full of
waste products, and are
low in oxygen..
Have valves to prevent a
backflow of blood.
18. Capillaries
Are minute blood vessels
that join onto the
arterioles.
Are one cell thick and
are exchange points
where the nutrients
(oxygen and glycogen)
cross into the tissue cells
(muscles) from the
arterioles.
19. Waste products from the
tissues cross back into
the bloodstream in the
capillaries then into the
venules (small veins).
20. The differences between
arteries and veins
Arteries Veins
Take blood Take blood to
away from the heart
the heart
Walls are Walls are thin
thick and
elastic
Transports Transports de-
oxygenated oxygenated
blood blood
21. Arteries Veins
Has small Has large
lumen lumen
(tubular
cavities
inside)
Has a pulse Has no pulse
and blood and blood
travels in travels
spurts smoothly
Has no valves Has valves
22. THE HUMAN HEART
The function of the human heart
Pump blood which carries
all vital materials that help
the body function.
Also pump blood which
carries waste product that
the body does not need.
23. The structure of the human heart
Semi-lunar
valve
Aorta
Superior
vena cava Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Right
atrium
Pulmonary artery
Tricuspid
valve Bicuspid
valve
Right
ventricle Left
ventricle
Inferior
vena cava
24. The function of the structure
of human heart
Left artrium
Receives blood returning
from the lungs to the
heart.
Right artrium
Receives blood returning
from the body to the
heart.
25. The function of the structure
of human heart
Left ventricles
Pump oxygenated blood to
all part of the body except
lungs.
Right ventricles
Pump deoxygenated blood
to lungs only.
26. The function of the structure
of human heart
Pulmonary arteries
Deoxygenated blood pump
through it to the lungs.
Pulmonary veins
Oxygenated blood from
lungs enters the heart
through it.
27. The function of the structure
of human heart
Aorta
Oxygenated blood pump
through it to the rest of the
body.
Vena cava
Pump deoxygenated blood
to lungs only.
28. The function of the structure
of human heart
Tricuspid valve
The valve between
right atrium and the
right ventricle.
To prevent blood from
flowing back into the
atria.
29. The function of the structure
of human heart
Bicuspid valve
The valve between left
atrium and the left
ventricle.
To prevent blood from
flowing back into the
atria.
30. The function of the structure
of human heart
Semi-lunar valve
The valve located at
the exits of the
pulmonary artery and
aorta.
To prevent blood from
flowing back into the
ventricles.
31. The pumping of the heart
The position of the SA node, AV node, bundle
of His fibres, bundle branches and Purlinje
fibres
Bundle of
His fibres
Bundle branches
SA node
Purkinje
fibres
AV node
32. First step:
The SA node generates
electrical impulse.
Bundle of
His fibres
Bundle branches
SA node
AV node
33. Second step:
The electrical impulse
spread rapidly over the
walls of both atria, causing
the atria to contract
simultaneously. The
contraction of the atria
helps push blood into the
ventricles.
35. Third step:
The electrical impulses
reach the AV node. Bundle
of His fibres, bundle
branches and Purkinje
fibres conduct the impulses
to the apex of the heart.
36. Semi-lunar
valves
Atria Bicuspid
contract valve
open
Tricuspid
valve
open
Ventricles
dilate
37. Last step:
The electrical impulses
spread to the ventricles
causing them to contract
and push blood out to the
lungs and body.
39. Thank to :
Pn Prema a/p Kuttam Pillai
(GPM of SMK Aminuddin
Baki)
Liew Bih Ling
(Thinkquest Manager)
Biology reference book
(Exploring), (Memory,
Mastery through Mind, Maps
and Diagrams Biology SPM)
Biology text book
Biology Form 5
