Its a brief introduction about Cloud Computing, its models, virtualization and its types, challenges and its future scope.

1. Comprehensive Study of
Cloud Computing
Presented by:
Miss. Mannat Singh
mannats1998@gmail.com

2. Agenda
 What is Cloud Computing?
 Definition of Cloud Computing
 Emergence of Cloud Computing
 Models
 Deployment model
 Service model
 Virtualization
 Why virtualization is so popular?
 What is Hypervisor in virtualization?
 Types of virtualization
 Challenges & Issues
 Conclusion & Future Scope

3. What is Cloud Computing?
 Cloud Computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-request
network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources
such as networks, servers, storage, applications, and services that can
be quickly provisioned and discharged with negligible management
effort or service provider interaction.
 It is also referred as UTILITY COMPUTING in which services are
delivered on the basis of “pay-per-use” strategy.
 Platform independency is one of the component offered by cloud
computing as no new software is required to be introduced locally on
Personal Computers. Hence, Cloud Computing makes our business
applications more mobile and Collaborative.

4. Definition of Cloud Computing?
Acc. To Armbrust,
“Cloud Computing refers to
both applications delivered as a
service over the internet and the
hardware and the system
software in the datacentres that
provides those services.”

5. Emergence of Cloud Computing
Mainframes
Powerful, highly reliable
computers mainly used
by large organisations for
bulk data processing
tasks,
BUT
the era of mainframes
collapsed nearly in
1980’s

6. Emergence of Cloud Computing
Mainframes
Cluster Computing
Grid Computing
Utility Computing
Powerful, highly reliable
computers mainly used
by large organisations for
bulk data processing
tasks,
BUT
the era of mainframes
collapsed nearly in
1980’s
came into existence in
1980’s which started as a
low-cost alternative to
the use of mainframes.
It turned into the
standard technology for
high-performance and
parallel computing.
grown as collection of
geologically scattered
clusters by means of web
But
with expanding
popularity, they faced
various issues they failed
to capture more subtle
requirements of clients.
Introduced in 1990’s.
It is a service catering
model in which a service
provider makes
computing resources and
infrastructure
management accessible
to the client as & when
required.

7. Models of Cloud Computing
Deployment Model Service Model
Models
It defines the purpose of
the cloud and the idea
of how the cloud is
located.
It defines the kind of
services provided
and furthermore
states what a vendor
must oversee and
what the customer’s
responsibility is.

8. Models of Cloud Computing
Deployment Model Service Model
Models
 Public Cloud
 Private Cloud
 Community Cloud
 Hybrid Cloud

9. Models of Cloud Computing
Deployment Model Service Model
Models
 SaaS (Software as a Service)
 PaaS (Platform as a Service)
 IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)

10. Deployment Models
Public Model:
In this type of cloud computing model, resources such as e-mail services,
online photo storage services, document storage services or social
networking sites are made accessible to the general public as and when
required.
Acc. to ARMBRUST, “cloud made available in pay-as-you-go manner to
general public”.

11. Deployment Models
Private cloud:
In this kind of cloud computing, the cloud infrastructure is overseen by
the association or a third party and is worked exclusively for a particular
association.
Acc. to ARMBRUST, “private cloud as internal data centres of a
business or other organisation not available to general public.”

12. Deployment Models
Community Cloud:
In this, the cloud service is shared by several associations or communities
and made accessible only to those groups. The cloud infrastructure might
be possessed and worked by the organisations themselves or by a cloud
service provider.
Hybrid Cloud:
It joins numerous clouds (public, private or community) where these
clouds hold their remarkable personalities yet are bound together as a
unit.

13. Service Models
Software as a Service (Saas) :
SaaS refers to a software distribution model in which applications are
facilitated by a seller or service provider and made accessible to clients
over a network and there is no need to introduce and run the application
on client’s own personal computer. It is regarded as a highest layer in
cloud computing environment.

14. Service Models
Platform as a service (PaaS) :
PaaS is the middle layer of cloud computing. It is a solution for building,
testing, sending, deploying and managing custom-built applications in the
cloud.

15. Service Models
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):
It is considered as the bottommost layer in cloud computing that gives
the basic hardware and network components of computing infrastructure
for example storage, CPU and many more. There is no requirement for the
customer to control or deal with infrastructure. An artificial server is made
accessible for the customer in his service.

16. What is Virtualization?
 It is a large umbrella of technologies and concepts that creates
‘VIRTUAL VERSION OF SOMETHING’ –regardless of whether virtual
hardware or operating system- to run applications. Usually synonymous
with hardware virtualization, which plays an essential role in
productively conveying Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) solutions for
cloud computing.
 The virtualization layer is in charge of reproducing the equivalent or a
different environment where the visitor will work.

17. What is Virtualization?
 Three major components of
virtualization are:
Host,
Guests,
Virtualization layer.
 The machine on which the virtual
machine is going to create is
called as Host Machine and that
virtual machine is alluded as
a Guest Machine.

18. Why Virtualization is so popular?
The concept of virtualization became so popular due to some following
phenomena’s:

19. What is Hypervisor in virtualization?
Hypervisor, or virtual machine manager (VMM) is a pragmatic method for
getting things VIRTUALIZED. It reproduces a hardware environment in which
visitors operating systems are introduced. It let us demonstrate a similar
application on lot of systems.
Power VM, VMWARE, Xen, KVM, ESX Server are some of the examples of
Hypervisors.
HYPERVISORS
TYPE I TYPE II

20. Types of Hypervisors
Type I
They run legitimately over hardware.
Therefore, they take place of the operating
system and connect legitimately with ISA
interface exposed of hidden hardware and
they copy this interface. This sort of interface
is likewise known as NATIVE VIRTUAL
MACHINE since it runs natively on hardware.
Type II
It requires the help of operating system
to give virtualization services. This kind
of hypervisor is likewise called as
HOSTED VIRTUAL MACHINE since it is
facilitated inside an operating system.

21. Types of Virtualization
Hardware-level
Virtualization
Desktop
Virtualization
Programming-level
Virtualization
Application-level
VirtualizationStorage
Virtualization
Network
Virtualization
responsible for
providing an abstract
execution
environment over
which visitor
operating system can
run.
It consolidates
hardware appliances
and specific
software for the
creation and
execution of a
virtual network.
give a uniform
execution
environment
crosswise over
different platforms.
It is a system
administration
practice that permits
decoupling the
physical organization
of the hardware from
its logical
representation.
The client's work area
is put away on a
remote server,
enabling the client to
access his desktop
from any device or
location.
It is a system enabling
applications to be kept
running in runtime
environments that
don’t locally support
all the features
required by such
applications.

22. Challenges & Issues
Coin always has two sides. Any
technology developed always brings
some of the issues or concern with it.
Cloud computing is not an exception.
Cloud Computing is so helpful to the
entrepreneurs which gives them benefit
to begin and expand resources just when
there is ascend in service request. But
still there are some of the issues in the
path which should be considered to take
good advantage of cloud computing.

23. Challenges & Issues
Data Security & Privacy:
It is one of the principle worries in cloud computing stack as it includes huge utilization of
outsiders services and infrastructures that are primarily used to host important data or to
perform basic activities. The cloud clients don't know the exact location where the data is
stored or being processed across the internet which can be accessed by unauthorized
people. This enhances the cloud computing risks that can emerge during the
implementation or execution of the cloud.
The infrastructure provider, in this context, must accomplish the following objectives:
 confidentiality, for secure data access and exchange, and
 auditability, for bearing witness to whether security setting of applications has been
altered or not.
Confidentiality is typically accomplished using cryptographic conventions, whereas
Auditability can be accomplished using remote attestation procedures

24. Challenges & Issues
Interoperability:
The application on one platform ought to have the capacity to consolidate services from the
other platform. This is known as Interoperability.
In different terms, it is the capacity of two or more systems to cooperate with each other in
order to exchange and use that exchanged information to acknowledge efficiency gains and
cost savings BUT numerous public cloud networks are structured in such a way, that they
don't permit to collaborate with one another.
To beat such challenge, web services and industry standards are created to assist cloud
service providers plan interoperable platforms and enable data movability, but to yet to
grow such web services is mind boggling.

25. Challenges & Issues
Vendor Lock-in:
It is a circumstance in which a client utilizing a product or service cannot easily transition to a
competitor’s item or service. The response to this worry is standardization i.e. to utilize
standard strategies for putting away client's information and applications.
Availability & Fault Tolerance:
Cloud clients have certain service level expectations once their applications are moved to
cloud environment like to make the data available as and when required, what measures are to
be taken if something turned out badly in system or its segments. This includes making
architectural improvements at application and infrastructural levels to include scalability and
high accessibility.
A multi-level design and a proper backup policy should be embraced for te recovery of
data to deal with the loss.

26. Challenges & Issues
Resource Management:
It alludes to effective use of virtualized resources for example CPU, network bandwidth, disk
space, and so on without giving up SLA which would be superb economic inspiration for data
centre operators. The thought process isn't just to chop down the expense yet additionally to
meet government guidelines and ecological measures.
Server Consolidation and Energy-aware job scheduling are the two different ways to
decrease power utilization by turning off unused machines.

27. Conclusion and Future scope
Cloud Computing is a successful venture due to the numerous
technologies working at its background such as virtualization, abstraction,
grid computing and utility computing. It is coming up as major research
area as it is very helpful in providing dynamically scalable infrastructure for
application, data and file storage. Users can share the resources and take
the advantage of this technology. Security, flexibility, scalability and cost
have always been important metrics to study cloud framework.
In future, Cloud Computing will be a helping hand in upcoming internet of
Services, enabling on-demand provisioning of applications, and computing
infrastructures.