This document discusses cloud computing and related topics. It begins with definitions of cloud computing and cloud storage. It then covers cloud architecture, virtualization, cloud services and service models (SaaS, PaaS, IaaS). The document discusses private, public and hybrid cloud types and provides examples. It also discusses cloud management strategies and tools. Opportunities and challenges of cloud computing are presented.

1. SURBHI JHA(1122210100)
B.Tech 4th year(C.S.E)

2. CLOUD
Also referred to as a network cloud. In telecommunications, a cloud refers to a
public or semi-public space on transmission lines (such as T1 or T3) that
exists between the end points of a transmission. Data that is transmitted
across a WAN enters the network from one end point using a
standard protocol suite such as Frame Relay and then enters the network
cloud where it shares space with other data transmissions. The data emerges
from the cloud -- where it may be encapsulated, translated and transported in
myriad ways -- in the same format as when it entered the cloud. A network
cloud exists because when data is transmitted across a packet-switched
network in a packet, no two packets will necessarily follow the same
physical path. The unpredictable area that the data enters before it is received
is the cloud.
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3. BASIC CLOUD CHARACTERISTICS
The “no-need-to-know” in terms of the underlying details
of infrastructure, applications interface with the
infrastructure via the APIs.
The “flexibility and elasticity” allows these systems to
scale up and down at will
utilising the resources of all kinds
CPU, storage, server capacity, load balancing, and databases
The “pay as much as used and needed” type of utility
computing and the “always on!, anywhere and any place”
type of network-based computing.
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4. CLOUD STORAGE
Cloud storage means "the storage of data online in the cloud," wherein a
company's data is stored in and accessible from multiple distributed and
connected resources that comprise a cloud.
Cloud storage can provide the benefits of greater accessibility and reliability;
rapid deployment; strong protection for data backup, archieval and disaster
recovery purposes; and lower overall storage costs as a result of not having to
purchase, manage and maintain expensive hardware. However, cloud storage
does have the potential for security and compliance concerns.
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5. CLOUD STORAGE
Several large Web companies are now exploiting the fact
that they have data storage capacity that can be hired out
to others.
allows data stored remotely to be temporarily cached on desktop
computers, mobile phones or other Internet-linked devices.
Amazon’s Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) and Simple
Storage Solution (S3) are well known examples
Mechanical Turk
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6. CLOUD ARCHITECTURE
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7. VIRTUALIZATION
Virtual workspaces:
An abstraction of an execution environment that can be made dynamically
available to authorized clients by using well-defined protocols,
Resource quota (e.g. CPU, memory share),
Software configuration (e.g. O/S, provided services).
Implement on Virtual Machines (VMs):
Abstraction of a physical host machine,
Hypervisor intercepts and emulates instructions from VMs, and allows
management of VMs,
VMWare, Xen, etc.
Provide infrastructure API:
Plug-ins to hardware/support structures
App App App
OS OS
Hardware
OS
Hypervisor
Virtualized Stack

8. VIRTUAL MACHINES
VM technology allows multiple virtual machines to run on a single physical
machine.
App App App App App
Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) / Hypervisor
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Hardware
Guest OS
(Linux)
Guest OS
(NetBSD)
Guest OS
(Windows)
VM VM VM
Xen
VMWare
UML
Denali
etc.
Performance: Para-virtualization (e.g. Xen) is very close to raw physical
performance!

9. CLOUD SERVICES
Cloud services means services made available to users on demand via the
Internet from a cloud computing provider's servers as opposed to being
provided from a company's own on-premises servers. Cloud services are
designed to provide easy, scalable access to applications, resources and
services, and are fully managed by a cloud services provider.
A cloud service can dynamically scale to meet the needs of its users, and
because the service provider supplies the hardware and software necessary for
the service, there’s no need for a company to provision or deploy its own
resources or allocate IT staff to manage the service. Examples of cloud
services include online data storage and backup solutions, Web-based e-mail
services, hosted office suites and document collaboration services, database
processing, managed technical support services and more.
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10. CLOUD SERVICE MODELS
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Software as a
Service (SaaS)
Platform as a
Service (PaaS)
Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS)
SalesForce CRM
LotusLive
Google
App
Engine
Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim
Grance

11. Details and Examples of Cloud
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12. USE CASES VS. SERVICE LEVELS EXAMPLES
SaaS PaaS IaaS
Public Cloud
Services
Google Apps, Zoho,
MS Office Web,
Facebook
Google App Engine,
Facebook Platform,
Gigaspaces
Amazon Web
Services (AWS), Sun,
vCloud Express
Outsourced Cloud
Services
Saleforce.com Force.com, 3Tera,
Gigaspaces
Terremark, Savvis,
Rackspace, AWS,
ATT
Cloud Enhanced
Enterprise Services
IBM Cloud Analytics Microsoft Azure AWS Virtual
Private Cloud
Private Cloud
Services
Internal applications
billed by usage
Appistry, Gigaspaces IBM, HP,
VMware vCloud
Shared Cloud
Services
Commerce Hubs Cross –Enterprise
BPM Tools for Cloud
IBM
MultiCloud
Services
Workflow
applications
RightScale Eucalyptus/AWS

13. Level 1: Ad-Hoc/Custom –
One Instance per customer
Level 2: Configurable per
customer
SAAS MATURITY MODEL
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Level 3: configurable &
Multi-Tenant-Efficient
Level 4: Scalable, Configurable
& Multi-Tenant-Efficient
Source: Frederick Chong and Gianpaolo Carraro, “Architectures Strategies for Catching the Long Tail”

14. CLOUD-SOURCING
•Why is it becoming a Big Deal:
–Using high-scale/low-cost providers,
–Any time/place access via web browser,
–Rapid scalability; incremental cost and load sharing,
–Can forget need to focus on local IT.
•Concerns:
–Performance, reliability, and SLAs,
–Control of data, and service parameters,
–Application features and choices,
–Interaction between Cloud providers,
–No standard API – mix of SOAP and REST!
–Privacy, security, compliance, trust…
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15. TYPES OF CLOUD
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16. PRIVATE CLOUD
Private cloud is the phrase used to describe a cloud computing platform that is
implemented within the corporate firewall, under the control of the IT
department.
A private cloud is designed to offer the same features and benefits of public cloud
systems, but removes a number of objections to the cloud computing model
including control over enterprise and customer data, worries about security, and
issues connected to regulatory compliance.
Private Cloud Security
A private cloud implementation aims to avoid many of the objections regarding
cloud computing security. Because a private cloud setup is implemented safely
within the corporate firewall, a private cloud provides more control over the
company's data, and it ensures security, albeit with greater potential risk for data
loss due to natural disaster.
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17. PRIVATE CLOUD

18. PUBLIC CLOUD & HYBRID CLOUD
Public clouds can also typically be deployed much faster and with
more scalability and accessibility than on-premises infrastructure as a result of
the public cloud provider’s expertise and existing infrastructure. Public cloud
subscribers may pay pay-as-you-go fees or fixed monthly fees for the public
cloud services they utilize.
Hybrid Cloud: A combined form of private clouds and public clouds in which
some critical data resides in the enterprise’s private cloud while other data is
stored in and accessible from a public cloud. Hybrid clouds seek to deliver the
advantages of scalability, reliability, rapid deployment and potential cost
savings of public clouds with the security and increased control and
management of private clouds.
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19. CURRENT TRENDS
Cloud
computing
Grid
Computing
Distributed
Computing

20. CLOUD MANAGEMENT
Cloud management means the software and technologies designed for
operating and monitoring applications, data and services residing in the cloud.
Cloud management tools help ensure a company's cloud computing-based
resources are working optimally and properly interacting with users and other
services.
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21. THE REASON FOR CLOUD MANAGEMENT
•Automation
•Cloud-ready solutions
•Control
•Portability
•A good cloud management platform delivers:
•Ability to focus above the complexity & tedious work – to your core competency
•Agility to IT and business
•ROI almost immediately

22. CLOUD MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES
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Cloud management strategies
typically involve numerous tasks
including performance monitoring
(response times, latency, uptime,
etc.), security and compliance
auditing and management, and
initiating and overseeing disaster
recovery and contingency plans.
With cloud computing growing
more complex and a wide variety
of private, hybrid, and public
cloud-based systems and
infrastructure already in use, a
company’s collection of cloud
management tools needs to be
just as flexible and scalable as its
cloud computing strategy.

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26. EXAMPLE OF BMC FOR CLOUD
MANAGEMENT
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27. EXAMPLE OF BMC FOR CLOUD
MANAGEMENT
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28. EXAMPLE
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29. VMWARE CLOUD MANAGEMENT
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30. SOME COMMERCIAL
CLOUD OFFERINGS
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31. CLOUD TAXONOMY
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32. OPPORTUNITIES AND
CHALLENGES
•The use of the cloud provides a number of opportunities:
–It enables services to be used without any understanding of their
infrastructure.
–Cloud computing works using economies of scale:
•It potentially lowers the outlay expense for start up companies, as they would no
longer need to buy their own software or servers.
•Cost would be by on-demand pricing.
•Vendors and Service providers claim costs by establishing an ongoing revenue
stream.
–Data and services are stored remotely but accessible from “anywhere”.
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33. ADVANTAGES OF CLOUD
COMPUTING
•Instant software updates:
–Another advantage to cloud computing is that you are no longer faced with choosing between obsolete software and high upgrade costs.
–When the application is web-based, updates happen automatically
•available the next time you log into the cloud.
–When you access a web-based application, you get the latest version
•without needing to pay for or download an upgrade.
•Improved document format compatibility.
–You do not have to worry about the documents you create on your machine being compatible with other users' applications or Oses
•Unlimited storage capacity:
–Cloud computing offers virtually limitless storage
•Increased data reliability:
–Unlike desktop computing, in which if a hard disk crashes and destroy all your valuable data, a computer crashing in the
cloud should not affect the storage of your data.
•Universal document access
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34. DISADVANTAGES
OF CLOUD
COMPUTING
Cloud computing is impossible if you cannot connect to the
Internet.
Since you use the Internet to connect to both your applications and
documents, if you do not have an Internet connection you cannot
access anything, even your own documents.
A dead Internet connection means no work and in areas where
Internet connections are few or inherently unreliable, this could be
a deal-breaker.
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35. THE FUTURE
Many of the activities loosely grouped together under cloud computing have
already been happening and centralised computing activity is not a new
phenomena
Grid Computing was the last research-led centralised approach
However there are concerns that the mainstream adoption of cloud
computing could cause many problems for users
Many new open source systems appearing that you can install and run on your
local cluster
should be able to run a variety of applications on these systems
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