This document provides an overview of cloud computing. It defines cloud computing, describes its key characteristics including on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, and rapid elasticity. It also discusses cloud service models of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). Additionally, it covers cloud architecture, security concerns in cloud computing, and the future of Network as a Service (NaaS).

1. A
PROJECT
ON
CLOUD COMPUTING
PRESENTED BY-
1. APARNA DAS
2. HEMANGA HAZARIKA
3. SANJIV PRADHAN
4. PALLABI BORO
5. DIPAK GHIMIRE

2. INTRODUCTION
The actual term cloud borrows from telephony in that
telecommunication companies, who until
the 1990 primarily offered dedicated point to point data circuits began
offering VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORKING (VPN) services with
comparable quality of service but at a lower cost.
According to NIST Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous,
convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of
configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage,
applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and
released with minimal management effort or service provider
interaction. (Special Publication 800-145)

3. DEFINATION
 Cloud Computing refers to manipulating,
configuring, and accessing
the hardware and software resources remotely. It offers online data
storage,
infrastructure, and application.

4.  Cloud computing offers platform independency, as the software
is not required to be installed locally on the PC. Hence, the Cloud
Computing is making our business applications mobile and
collaborative.
What It Provides ?
 Cloud computing provides shared services as opposed to local
servers or
storage resources.
 Enables access to information from most web-enabled hardware.
 Allows for cost savings – reduced facility, hardware/software
investments,
Types of cloud
 Public cloud
 Private cloud
 Community cloud
 Hybrid cloud

5. ADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING
 One can access applications as utilities, over the Internet.
 One can manipulate and configure the applications online at any
time.
 It does not require to install a software to access or manipulate
cloud
application.
 Cloud Computing offers online development and deployment
tools,
programming runtime environment through PaaS model.
 Cloud resources are available over the network in a manner that
provide platform independent access to any type of clients.
 Cloud Computing offers on-demand self-service. The resources
can

6.  Cloud Computing is highly cost effective because it operates at high
efficiency with optimum utilization. It just requires an Internet
connection
 Cloud Computing offers load balancing that makes it more reliable.

7. CHARACTERISTICS OF CLOUD COMPUTING
i. On Demand Self Service.( Essential characteristic )
There are four key characteristics of cloud computing.
Cloud Computing allows the users to use web services and
resources on demand. One can logon to a website at any time
and
use them.ii. Broad Network Access
Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through
standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or
thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and
workstations).
iii. Resource Pooling.
Cloud computing allows multiple tenants to share a pool of
resources. One can share single physical instance of hardware,
database and basic infrastructure.

8. iv. Rapid Elasticity
Capabilities can be expanded or released automatically (i.e., more
cpu power, or ability to handle additional users)
v. Measured Service
In this service cloud provider controls and monitors all the aspects
of cloud service. Resource optimization, billing, and capacity
planning etc. depend on it.

9. HOW IT WORKS ?
 Utilizes the network as a means to connect user end point to
resources
that are centralized in a data centre.
 The front layers are the parts you see and interact with.
 The data centre may by accessed via the internet or a company
network, or
both.
 Allows access from a variety of end points such as a mobile phone, a
PC or
a tablet.
 Cloud services may be designed to be vendor agnostic, working
equally
well with Linux, Mac and PC platforms.
 A user endpoint with minimal software requirements may submit a
task for

10. ARCHITECTURE OF CLOUD COMPUTING
Cloud Computing architecture comprises of many cloud components,
which are loosely coupled. We can broadly divide the cloud architecture
into two parts.
1. Front End.
2. Back End.
1. Front End
The front end refers to the client part of cloud computing system. It
consists of interfaces and applications that are required to access
the cloud computing platforms, Example - Web Browser.

11. 2. Back End
The back End refers to the cloud itself. It consists of all the
resources required to provide cloud computing services. It
comprises of huge data storage, virtual machines, security
mechanism, services, deployment models, servers, etc.

12. Cloud Computing Infrastructure
Cloud infrastructure consists of servers, storage devices, network,
cloud management software, deployment software, and platform
virtualization.

13.  Network:
It is the key component of cloud infrastructure. It allows to connect
cloud
services over the Internet. It is also possible to deliver network as a
utility
over the Internet, which means, the customer can customize the
network
route and protocol.
 Server:
The server helps to compute the resource sharing and offers other
services such as resource allocation and de-allocation, monitoring
the resources, providing security etc.
 Storage:
Cloud keeps multiple replicas of storage. If one of the storage
resources
fails, then it can be extracted from another one, which makes cloud
computing more reliable.
 Hypervisor:
Hypervisor is a firmware or low-level program that acts as a
Virtual Machine Manager. It allows to share the single physical instance
of
cloud resources between several tenants.

14. SERVICE MODELS
 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS )
Infrastructure-as-a-Service provides access to fundamental
resources such as physical machines, virtual machines, virtual
storage, etc. Apart from these resources, the IaaS also offers
• Virtual machine disk storage
• Virtual local area network (VLANs)
• Load balancers
• IP addresses
• Software bundles
All of the above resources are made available to end user via server
virtualization.

15.  Cloud Computing Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Platform-as-a-Service offers the runtime environment for
applications. It also offers development and deployment tools
required to develop applications. PaaS has a feature of point-and-
click tools that enables non-developers to create web applications.
App Engine of Google and Force.com are examples of PaaS
offering vendors. Developer may log on to these websites and use
the built-in API to create web-based applications

16.  Cloud Computing Software as a Service (SaaS)
Software-as–a-Service (SaaS) model allows to provide software
application as a service to the end users. It refers to a software that
is deployed on a host service and is accessible via Internet. There
are several SaaS applications listed below:
 Billing and invoicing system
 Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
applications
 Help desk applications
 Human Resource (HR) solutions

17. DATA SECURITY IN CLOUD COMPUTING
Data outsourcing: users are relieved from the burden of data
storage and maintenance . When users put their data (of large size)
on the cloud, the data integrity protection is challenging. Enabling
public audit for cloud data storage security is important
Cloud network
datauser
user
user
External Audit
party
 Data segregation: Data in the cloud is typically in a shared
environment alongside data from other customers. Encryption is
effective but isn't a cure-all. The cloud provider should provide
evidence that encryption schemes were designed and tested by
experienced specialists

18. Area of our research
o Over the past few years, cloud computing has rapidly emerged as a
widely accepted computing paradigm built around core concepts
such as on-demand computing resources, elastic scaling,
elimination of up-front capital and operational expenses, and
establishing a pay-as-you-go business model for computing and
information technology services.
o Data communications are essential in today’s economy and most of
the enterprises rely on a fast and reliable Internet connection to
control their production or sales. The cost of maintaining Internet
connectivity is not negligible, as it requires manpower and capital
immobilization. In order to limit the cost of data communications as
well as to improve their flexibility, Network-as-a-Service (NaaS) has
been proposed. The concept of NaaS is to outsource to the Cloud
networking operations like load balancing or firewall.

19. The Future of NaaS
Opportunities:
● New business model
● New research horizons regarding NaaS:
○ Scalability, Performance, Isolation,
Programmability
○ pricing model
○ WAN extension

20. Scalability, Performance, Isolation,
Programmability
○ pricing model
○ WAN extension

21. Conclusion
 Network as a Service
● Provide to the users access to network infrastructure
● Must have: High level API, Security, Scalability
● Issues: Performance, Isolation, Programmability
● Different approaches proposed - still open research
area
● NaaS can lead to new business models

22. Our Future Work
Our future goal is to design a NaaS-enabler protocol
based on LISP. Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) is a
highly flexible mapping and encapsulation mechanism on
carrying arbitrarily formed packets over IP by dynamically
establishing tunnels.
What is Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP)?