Introduction to cloud computing

1. Lecture Presentation on
CLOUD COMPUTING
Lecture One
By –
Juliana Adisa

2. Agenda
 Introduction
 What is Cloud?
 What is Cloud Computing?
 Definition of Cloud Computing
 Cloud Computing Services and Criteria
 Base of CloudComputing
 Characteristics of Cloud Computing
 Basic Concepts of Cloud Computing
Deployment Models
Service Models
1. Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS)
2. Software as a Service(SaaS)
3. Platform as a Service(PaaS)
 Sample Benefits and Risks for CloudModels
 Advantages and Benefits of Cloud Computing
 Disadvantages / Challenges of Cloud Computing
 Security issues in CloudComputing
 Conclusion
 References

3. Introduction
What is Cloud?
 The term Cloud refers to a Network or Internet.
 In other words, we can say that Cloud is something, which is
present at remote location.
 Cloud can provide services over network, i.e., on public
networks or on private networks, i.e., WAN, LAN or VPN.
 Applications such as e-mail, web conferencing, customer
relationship management (CRM), all run in cloud.

4. Cloud Computing
What is Cloud Computing?
 Cloud Computing provides us a means by which we
can access the applications as utilities, over the
Internet.
 It allows us to create, configure, and customize
applications online.
 With Cloud Computing users can access database
resources via the internet from anywhere for as long
as they need without worrying about any
maintenance or management of actual resources.

5. Cloud Computing Cont.
What is Cloud Computing?
 Cloud Computing refers to manipulating,
configuring, and accessing the applications online.
 It offers online data storage, infrastructure and
application.
 Cloud Computing is both a combination of software and
hardware-based computing resources delivered as a
network service.

6. Cloud Computing
• sharing of resources
over a network
• Virtually infinite computing
resources
• Scalable on-demand
• Pay as you go

7. Definition of Cloud Computing
• "Clouds are vast resource pools with on-demand resource
allocation".
– Jan Pritzker
• “Cloud computing is the latest effort in delivering computing
resources as a service. It represents a shift away from
computing as a product that is purchased, to computing as a
service that is delivered to consumers over the internet from
large-scale data centers – or clouds”
-- (Ilango and Khajeh-Hosseini, 2010).

8. Cloud Computing Architecture

9. Cloud Computing Services and Criteria
 The cloud computing paradigm can offer any conceivable form of services,
such as:
1. Computational resources for high performance computing applications,
2. Web services,
3. Social networking, and
4. Telecommunications services.
Several criteria determine the quality of the provided service,
 The production cost of this service, and
 the price paid by the end-user.
 The duration of this service (makespan) and
 the consumed energy are among of these criteria.
 The idea is to provide end-users a more flexible service that takes into
account the duration of the service and the consumed energy. End-users
could then find the right compromise between these two conflicting
objectives

10. Base of Cloud Computing
• Virtualization: VMWare - A
pioneer in virtualization and
cloud software and services
• "Virtualization software makes it
possible to run multiple operating
systems and multiple applications
on the server at the same time.
10
• The main enabling technology
for cloud computing is
virtualization. Virtualization
generalizes the physical
infrastructure and provides it as a
soft component that is easy to be
used and managed.

11. Characteristics of Cloud Computing
The Key Essential Characteristics / Attributes of Cloud Computing Are:
1. On-demand self-service: resources can be acquired and used at any time.
Computing resources include processing power, storage, virtual machines etc.
2. Broad network access: Recourses are acquired over the network and accessed
through standard devices such as laptops, tablets and mobile devices.
3. Agility: Improves with users able to rapidly and inexpensively re-provision
technological infrastructure resources
4. Device and location independence: Enable users to access systems using a web
browser regardless of their location or what device they are using, e.g., PC,
mobile.
5. Rapid elasticity: A user can quickly acquire more resources from the cloud by
scaling out. They can scale back in by releasing those resources once they are
no longer required.

12. Characteristics of Cloud Computing
6. Measured service: resource usage is metered using appropriate metrics such
monitoring storage usage, CPU hours, bandwidth usage etc. The service is Pay
as You Go. Cost is greatly reduced, and capital expenditure is converted to
operational expenditure . Also, you can convert fixed cost to variable.
7. Resource pooling and Multi-tenancy: Computing resources are pooled to
serve multiple end users with different physical and virtual resources (storage,
CPUs, memory, network bandwidth, and virtual machines) that are dynamically
assigned based on demand.
 Multi-tenancy enables sharing of resources and costs among a large pool of
users, allowing for:
Centralization of infrastructure in areas with lower costs (such as real estate,
electricity, etc.)
Peak-load capacity increases (users need not engineer for highest possible
load-levels)Utilization and efficiency improvements for systems that are
often only 10-20% utilized

13. 8. Reliability: improves through the use of multiple redundant sites, which
makes it suitable for business continuity and disaster recovery.
9. Scalability: via dynamic ("on-demand") provisioning of resources on a
fine-grained, self-service basis near real-time, without users having to
engineer for peak loads.
10. Sustainability: comes about through improved resource utilization, more
efficient systems, and carbon neutrality. Nonetheless, computers and
associated infrastructure are major consumers of energy.
11. Virtualized: applications are decoupled from the underlying hardware.
Multiple applications can run on one computer (virtualization a la
VMWare) or multiple computers can be used to run one application.
Characteristics of Cloud Computing

14. Basic Concepts of Cloud Computing
There are certain services and models working behind the scene making
the cloud computing feasible and accessible to end users.
Following are the working models for cloud computing:
1. Deployment Models
2. Service or delivery Models

15. Cloud Structure
PublicCloud
(multi-
tenant)
Deployment
Models
Service
Models
Attributes
Broad Network
Access
Rapid Elasticity
MeasuredService
/Pay as you go
On Demand self-
service
ResourcePooling
Hybrid
Software as aService
(SaaS)
CRM, Email, Social
Collaboration,Payment
and Reconciliation
Platform as a Service
(PaaS)
Middleware, Database,
Build/Dev/Test
Infrastructure asa
Service (IaaS)
Compute, Storage,
Network,Desktop
Anything as
a Service
(XaaS)
Community
(Specialpurpose/group)
Private Cloud
(single-tenant)

16. Service Models
Cloud services are divided into three types namely:
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS),
Platform as a Service (PaaS) and
Software as a Service (SaaS).

17. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
 Infrastructure as a Service, sometimes abbreviated as IaaS, contains the
basic building blocks for cloud IT and typically provide access to
networking features, computers (virtual or on dedicated hardware), and
data storage space.
 IasS provides you with the highest level of flexibility and management
control over your IT resources and is most similar to existing IT
resources that many IT departments and developers are familiar with
today.
 IaaS is the delivery of technology infrastructure as an on demand
scalable service.
 IaaS provides access to fundamental resources such as physical
machines, virtual machines, virtual storage, etc.
Iaas are:
•Usually billed based on usage
•Usually, multi tenant virtualized environment
•Can be coupled with Managed Services for OS and application support
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18. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
• It provides virtual machine, virtual storage, virtual infrastructure and
other hardware assets as resources that clients can provide.
• IaaS service provider manages all the infrastructure while client is
responsible for all other aspects of deploy.
• This can include operating system, applications and user interaction.

19. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)Examples

20. Advantages and Challenges of IaaS
• Reduced cost: The movement of infrastructure to the cloud makes it less expensive
in paying a local technician to repair any fault in the telephone system. On the
other hand, fixing or repairing of faults in a telephone system located in the office
is more expensive. In a situation where Voip system is employed, they are put in
the cloud. One technician can administer or work on thousand or ten thousand of
Voip, server which could have taken 100’s of technicians in the past.
• Low power consumption.
• Few administrators: Shrink in help desk, technical staff: As more infrastructure are
moved to the cloud, the services of the technical staff are no longer needed.
• IaaS gives the ability to match consumption to demand.
Challenges
1. Application is portable
2. Integration across loud boundary
3. Extension of internal security models

21. Software as a Service (SaaS)
• SaaS model allows to use software applications as a service to end users.
• SaaS is a software delivery methodology that provides licensed multi-tenant
access to software and its functions remotely as a Web-based service.
• With a SaaS offering you do not have to think about how the service is
maintained or how the underlying infrastructure is managed; you only need to
think about how you will use that particular piece software.
• A common example of a SaaS application is web- based email where you can
send and receive email without having to manage feature additions to the email
product or maintaining the servers and operating systems that the email program
is running on.
• SaaS is a complete operating environment with applications, management, and
the user interface.
• In the SaaS model, the application is provided to the client through a thin client
interface and customers responsibilities begins and ends with entering and
managing its data and user interaction
Sanjay Sharma 21

22. Software as a Service (SaaS) Cont.
General rules about what a SaaS should offer:
1.The cloud company offers you a software for working per your need;
2.You should not attempt to change the software functioning in any method
except for the customization options provided with the software;
3.You may or may not have to download the software to your local computer,
but you use the software, and the results are stored to cloud (example: backup;
sync; data collection etc.)
4.Software as a Service should be fast enough to provide services to people.
For example, if it is a storage software, it should be able to provide space as
and when needed.
Similarly, when the need for space reduces, the software should release extra
space.

23. Software as a Service (SaaS) Examples

24. Advantages and Challenges of SaaS
• It eliminates the function of a technician because everything is now on the server, the services
of a technician is no longer needed.
• License risk is eliminated: the end users don’t pay for any licensed because it is avialble as part
of service paid for.
• Eliminate incompatibility that exist between versions of software because update are done on
the vendors server.
• Hardware footprint is reduced.
• End users only pay for services used (pay-as-you-go).
• Cost of installation and mentainance of the system on individual system is eliminated
• The underlaying hardware infrastructure cannot be controlled by end user.
• There is no need to purchase the software (purchase cost is eliminated).
• End users is less concern about maintenance, licencing issues, configuration, software
upgrade, installation.
Challenges
• Difficulty in providing support for the end user (integrated end user support)
• Loss of data
• Internet access: A very good internet access, stable connection and latency is needed to
consider SaaS
• Data migration: It is very difficult to migrate out of cloud solution. It is therefore required that
an end user to know the type of migration solution offered by the SaaS provider.
• Trust: it is difficult to have a trustworthy provider.
• Scalability
• Extension of the security model to the provider 9data privacy and ownership)

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Platform as a Service (PaaS)
 Platforms as a service remove the need for organizations to manage the
underlying infrastructure (usually hardware and operating systems) and allow
you to focus on the deployment and management of your applications.
 This helps you be more efficient as you don’t need to worry about resource
procurement, capacity planning, software maintenance, patching, or any of the
other undifferentiated heavy lifting involved in running your application.
 PaaS provides the runtime environment for applications, development &
deployment tools, etc.
 PaaS provides all of the facilities required to support the complete life cycle of
building and delivering web applications and services entirely from the
Internet.

26. Platform as a Service (PaaS) Cont.
 PaaS provides virtual machines, operating systems, applications, services,
development framework, transactions and control structure.
 The client can deploy its applications on the cloud infrastructure or use
application that were programmed using languages tools.
 Service provider manages cloud infrastructure, operating systems and
enabling software.
Typically, applications must be developed with a particular platform in mind
•Multi tenant environments
•Highly scalable multi tier architecture.

27. Platform as a Service (PaaS) Examples

28. Advantages and Challenges of PaaS
Advantages
• Built in scalability
• Hardware independent
• Instant global platform
• Developer only concentrate on the application code
Challenges
• The challenges of PaaS is that portability and interoperability does not
exist among PaaS providers and developers.
• It is very difficult and expensive to change application from one provider to
another.
• Connectivity
• Reliance on 3rd party SLA’s

29. Cloud Delivery Models
 Software as a Service (SaaS):
» The application is hosted centrally
» Software testing takes place at a faster rate
» Reduction in IT operational costs
» No need to install new software to release updates
 Platform as a Service (PaaS):
» Facilitation of hosting capabilities
» Designing and developing the application
» Integrating web services and databases
» Providing security, scalability and storage
 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):
» Virtualization of Desktop
» Internet availability
» Use of billing model
» Computerized administrative tasks

30. Deployment Models
 Deployment models define the type of access to the cloud, i.e.,
how the cloud is located?
 Cloud can have any of the four types of access:
Public,
Private,
Hybrid and
Community.

31. Types of cloud
 Publiccloud
 Private cloud
 Communitycloud
 Hybrid cloud

32. Deployment Models Cont.
1. PUBLIC CLOUD : The Public Cloud allows systems and services to be
easily accessible to the general public. Public cloud may be less secure
because of its openness, e.g., e-mail.
2. PRIVATE CLOUD : The Private Cloud allows systems and services to be
accessible within an organization. It offers increased security because of its
private nature.
3. COMMUNITY CLOUD : The Community Cloud allows systems and
services to be accessible by group of organizations.
4. HYBRID CLOUD : The Hybrid Cloud is mixture of public and private
cloud. However, the critical activities are performed using private cloud
while the non-critical activities are performed using public cloud.

33. Cloud Computing Deployment Models

34. Sample Benefits and Risks for Cloud Models
Delivery
Model Benefits Risks Best Fit
Public
 Costs
 Time-to-Market
 Elasticity
 Self-Service
 Simplicity
 Lack of Control
 Security
 Regulatory & Compliance
 Data Migration
 Application Development
 Software Licensing
 Vendor Lock-In
 Limitations
 Applications and Data that can be publiclyhosted
 Applications that can be easily moved or ported to
commodity virtualplatforms
Private
 Control
 Security
 Compliance
 Scale
 Management Tools
 Charge-back
 Adoption
 ROI
 Applications and data that can not be hosted publiclyfor
security or compliancereasons
 Applications and data the require a high-level of control
Hybrid
 Flexibility
 Security
 Efficiencies
 Multiple Points of Failure
 Same risks as publicand
privateclouds
 When it is required to separate applications and data
between private and publicclouds
 When public clouds can not accommodaterequirements
 When public cloud resources are only requiredtemporarily
and workloads can be migratedbetweenclouds

35. List of Advantages
 Reduce capital cost: Reduce spending on
technology, for example lower computer costs
 Improved performance
 Reduced software costs: No cost for software
updates
 Improve accessibility
 Improve flexibility
 Device independence
 On demand Service

36. List of Advantages
 Achieve economic of scale
 Less personal training is need
 Monitor project more effectively
 Unlimited storage capacity
 Increased data reliability
 Universal document access
 Latest version availability

37. Sanjay Sharma 37
Benefits of Cloud Computing

38. 38
Benefits of Cloud Computing
"Cloud Computing", by definition, refers to the on-demand delivery of
IT resources and applications via the Internet with pay-as-you-go
pricing.
• Software Updates
• Advantage of cloud computing is that the servers are installed off-
premise and out of sight. Suppliers take care of them for all regular
maintenance including software and security, so you don’t have to
worry about wasting time maintaining the system yourself.
• Leaving you free to focus on the things that matter, like growing
your business.
• Controlled Capital-Expenditure
• Cloud computing cuts out the high cost of IT infrastructure. You
simply pay as you go and enjoy a subscription-based model.
• Instead of having to invest heavily in Data- Centres and servers
before you know how you’re going to use them, you can only pay
when you consume computing resources, and only pay for how
much you consume.

39. 39
• Security
• Data can be stored in the cloud; we can access it no matter what happens to
your machine.
• And you can even remotely remove data from lost laptops, so it doesn’t get
into the wrong hands.
• Stop guessing capacity
• Eliminate guessing on your infrastructure capacity needs. When you make a
capacity decision prior to deploying an application, you often either end up
sitting on expensive idle resources or dealing with limited capacity. With
Cloud Computing, these problems go away.
• You can access as much or as little as you need and scale up and down as
required with only a few minutes notice.
• Data Accessibility
• When business teams can access, edit and share documents anytime, from
anywhere, they’re able to do more efficiently with high performance. With
cloud computing, if you’ve got an internet connection you can be at work.
And with most serious cloud services offering mobile apps, you’re not
restricted by which device you’ve got to hand.
Benefits of Cloud Computing Cont.

40. 40
Benefits of Cloud Computing Cont.
• Flexibility
• Cloud-based services are ideal for businesses with growing or
fluctuating bandwidth demands.
• If your needs increase it’s easy to scale up your cloud capacity, drawing
on the service’s remote servers. Likewise, if you need to scale down
again, the flexibility is baked into the service.
• Competitiveness
• Cloud is available for everyone, it also allows smaller businesses to act
faster than big, established competitors.
• Pay-as-you-go service and cloud business applications mean small
outfits can run with the big boys, and disrupt the market, while
remaining lean and nimble.

41. Advantages Cont.
 Helps to use application without installation.
 Access the personal files at any computerwith internet.
 This technology allows much more efficient computation by
centralizing storagememory, processing and bandwidth.

42. Disadvantages / Challenges of Cloud Computing
 Requires a constant Internet connection: Does not work well with low-speed
connections and can be slow.
 Stored data might not be secure
 Lack and loss of control
 Integration: enterprise & federated authorization
 Interoperability: with key enterprise applications
 Accessibility and UI limitations of web apps
 Reliability, performance, security; offline access
 Features; changes; vendor lock-in
 Policy/compliance concerns (privacy)
 Breach forensics and mitigation
 Business “surprises”
 Support; More Logins
 Consequences of “Creative Destruction”

43. 43
• Security: This is usually the top fear because most IT managers are concerned
about controlling access of their sensitive data that would reside in the cloud and
can’t afford the data being compromised.
• Privacy: Another key concern of IT management is maintaining privacy of their
computing data in the cloud. IT departments need to be assured that their data is
not being monitored either internally within the cloud provider or by any outside
hackers.
• High Availability: Users are looking for some form of guarantee from providers that
their computing data will be up at all times and their business can’t be affected
with any downtime.
• Service Delivery and Billing: Budgeting and assessment of the cost will be very
difficult unless the provider has some good and comparable benchmarks to offer. The
service-level agreements (SLAs) of the provider are not adequate to guarantee the
availability and scalability.
Disadvantages / Challenges of Cloud Computing

44. Disadvantages / Challenges of Cloud Computing
Cont.
• Poor Application Performance: Companies can’t afford to have their IT
users becoming less productive while a page load times exceed several
seconds, for instance when they need to use a cloud computing
application.
• Business Continuity: Users also have concerns about recovering their data
from the cloud quickly in case of a man-made or a natural disaster.
• Performance and Bandwidth Cost: Businesses can save money on
hardware, but they have to spend more for the bandwidth. This can be a
low cost for smaller applications but can be significantly high for the data-
intensive applications.

45. Security issues in Cloud Computing
https://downloads.cloudsecurityalliance.org/initiatives/top_threats/The_Notorious_Nine_Cloud_Computing_Top_Threats_in_2013.pdf
Notorious Nine
1. Data Breaches
2. Data Loss
3. Account Hijacking
4. Insecure APIs
5. Denial of Service
6.Malicious Insiders
7. Abuse of Cloud
Services
8. Insufficient Due
Diligence
9. Shared TechnologyIssues

46. Conclusion
• Cloud Computing is a easy and approachable way for companies to have all
the resources they need at one place.
• Cloud Computing holds some strong promises:
– Scalable
– HighlyAvailable
– Dynamically allocateresources
– Pay only for resources that you use.
• Cloud Service Providers do not provide any guarantee about your data safety.
• Cloud Computing is not yet well understood

47. Conclusion Cont.
• Cloud Computing is not yet well understood.
• It can be modified to be used by everyone.
• Cloud is the next generation technology.
• Leaders in the industry, such as IBM, Google, and Microsoft have provided
their initiatives in promoting cloud.
• Big IT companies are also building their own version of cloud.
• In India because of internet bandwidth, this field is still not very popular.
• And lot more..

48. References
– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing
– http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/cloud_computing.html
– cloudperspectives pdf
– Cloud Computing: Implementation, Management, and Security by
John W. Rittinghouse , James F. Ransome
– Fundamentals of Cloud Computing by Prasanta
Pattnaik , Manas Kabat , Souvik Pal
– astudyofcloudcomputing-090517112358-phpapp01, Presentation
on slide share
– Introduction to Cloud Computing,Rajkumar Buyya,James
Broberg1andAndrzej Goscinski,William Voorsluys, Published
Online: 3 JAN 2011
– Cloud Workload Profiling and Deployment Control

49. Questions