9. Relative Pronouns
Relative pronouns relates the adjective clause to a
noun or pronoun in the main clause. It may also
act as the subject, object, predicate pronoun, or
object of a preposition in the clause.
Who
Whom
Whose
That
Which
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10. Relative Pronouns
This is the island that has the
secret cave.
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(That is the subject of has)
11. Relative Pronouns
Jon is the one who found the
treasure. (Who is the subject of found)
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13. Personal Pronouns
Personal pronouns refer to specific persons or things.
Douglas reads stories.
He likes fairy tales.
The word “he” is a personal pronoun that refers to
“Douglas”.
14. Here’s an Example
1.Mrs Turnbull
teaches English.
2. She teaches
English.
In the second sentence, she is
a pronoun that takes the place
of the noun Mrs Turnbull.
16. Reflexive pronouns
These are pronouns that have "-self" or "-selves" on
the end.
Teddy read the book to himself.
The reflexive pronoun is "himself."
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18. Possessive Pronoun
These show who owns something (and they don’t have
apostrophes).
Ours, his, their, and her are possessive pronouns.
That book is Fluffy’s book.
That book is his book.
The word "his" is a possessive pronoun.
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20. We use interrogative pronouns to ask questions. The
interrogative pronoun represents the thing that we don't
know (what we are asking the question about).
There are four main interrogative pronouns: who,
whom, what, which .
subject object
person who whom
thing what
person/thing which
person whose (possessive)
-The possessive
pronoun whose
can also be an
interrogative
pronoun (an
interrogative
possessive
pronoun).
22. - We use reciprocal pronouns
when each of two or more
subjects is acting in the same
way towards the other.
There are only two reciprocal pronouns,
and they are both two words:
- each other
- one another
23. - John and Mary love each other.
- The ten prisoners were all blaming
one another.
- Why don't you believe each
other?
- When we use these reciprocal pronouns:
there must be two or more people, things or
groups involved (so we cannot use reciprocal
pronouns with I, you [singular], he/she/it), and
they must be doing the same thing
Examples:
25. An indefinite pronoun
does not refer to any
specific person, thing or
amount. It is vague and
"not definite". Some
typical indefinite
pronouns are:
26. Some Indefinite Pronouns
Singular Plural
another everybody no one
anybody everyone nothing
anyone everything one
anything much somebody
each neither someone
either nobody something
both
few
many
others
several
All, any, most, none and some can be singular or
plural, depending on the phrase that follows them.
27. Note that many indefinite pronouns also
function as other parts of speech. Look at
"another" in the following sentences:
- He has one job in the day and another at
night. (pronoun)
- I'd like another drink, please. (adjective)
28. - All is forgiven.
- All have arrived.
- John likes coffee but not tea. I think both are good.
- We can start the meeting because
everybody has arrived.
Notice that : A singular pronoun takes a
singular verb AND that any personal pronoun
should also agree (in number and gender).
Most indefinite pronouns are either singular or
plural. However, some of them can be singular in
one context and plural in another.