Basic liffting Rigging and Signalling

1. SIGNALLING RIGGING AND
LIFTING SAFETY TRAINING

2. 2
In
case
of
EMERGENCY
Please use nearest exit to the
assembly area
Please do not run
Please do not use the elevator
Use the nearest staircase
Safety Briefing

3. 3
NAME : Razak Bin Majid
POSITION : Trainer
EDUCATION : Executive Master SHE from UNISEL
H/P : 019-4944324
Competency:
SHO Registered Person (8408)
Train The Trainer (NIOSH & HRDF)
ISO 45001-2018 Lead Auditor
Authorize Gas Tester (DOSH)
Scaffolder (DOSH)
Traffic Management Supervisor
Lifting Supervisor
Trained Ergonomic
Trainer Profile

4.  Facilities
Tandas/Bilik Air
Surau
Tempat Makan/Cafeteria
Kawasan Merokok/Smoking Area
 Reminder
Silence hand-phone during training session
Perkara Penting

5. Objektif
• Di akhir sesi, peserta mampu untuk:
• To prepare with the knowledge to company personnel to
able to handle rigging and lifting activities with effectively
during working.
Upon completion of the training, participants will able to:-
i. Explain the legal requirements related to lifting operation.
ii. Practice as rigger and signaler.
iii. Explain the load securing and transportation safety.

6. LEGAL
REQUIREMENTS

7. Perundangan
• Akta Keselamatan Dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan 1994
• Akta Kilang Dan Jentera 1967
• Akta 520 (CIDB)
• Lifting Operation and Lifting Equipment Regulation 1998
(LOLER)
• Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998
(PUWER)

8. • Basic Responsibility Of Rigger
1. Mengetahui berat dan bentuk objek yang hendak di angkat
2. Mengetahui pusat gravity beban
3. Membuat ikatan yang sesuai pada sesuatu beban mengikut
pusat gravity beban
4. Mengetahui kekuatan sling, alat mengangkat dan tanda
beban kerja selamat (SWL/WLL)
5. Memeriksa sling sebelum menggunakannya
6. Melindungi sling dari kerosakkan oleh pemukaan yang
tajam dan gunakan pelapik/pengalas dibahagian sling
7. Mengenalpasti tahap ketegangan sling atau sudut sling
yang digunakan
8. Sentiasa menggunakan tali layang(tag line) untuk mengawal
beban yang panjang dan berat – 12mm – 16 mm.

9. • Basic Responsibility Of Rigger
9. Sesuai digunakan apabila bekerja
• Kawasan berarus elektrik
• Kawasan Sempit
• Kawasan terlindung
• Kawasan Kritikal
10. Mengangkat muatan dengan jarak yang selamat
11. Memeriksa kedudukan sling dan ikatan sling yang betul
12. Jangan gantung beban terlalu lama
13. Sebelun angkat atau turun, pastikan tiada tersangkaut
pada sebarang objek atau halangan.
14. Pastikan keadaan selamat dan tiada pekerja berada
dibawah bebanan
15. Beban bulat seperti paip perlu diletak stopper.

10. DEFINITION OF TERMS
Rigging Fundamentals

11. Determining Load Weight

12. SLING CAPACITY

13. Sling Capacity
• Load bearing material
– Alloy chain
– Wire rope
– Synthetic
– Metal mesh
• Upper and Lower End
Attachments
What are the OPERATING LIMITATIONS of the crane and rigging?

14. ALLOY CHAIN SLINGS

15. Alloy Chain Slings
Advantages
• Flexible - Fleksibel
• Impact resistant – Tahan hempapan
• Easy to inspect- Mudah di periksa
• Can be used at relatively high temperatures - Boleh digunakan
pada suhu yang agak tinggi
• Completely repairable - Boleh dibaiki
• Minimum elongation - Pemanjangan minimum
• Corrosion resistant - Tahan karat
• Durable - Tahan lama
Disadvantages
• Heavy
• Moderate initial cost

16. NACM WELDED STEEL CHAIN
SPECIFICATIONS
• Grade 30 Proof Coil Chain
– General purpose, carbon steel chain. Used in a wide
range of applications.
• Grade 43 High Test Chain
– A carbon steel chain widely used in industry,
construction, agricultural and lumbering operations.
• Grade 70 Transport Chain
– A high quality, high strength carbon steel chain used
for load securing.
– Not to be used in overhead lifting.

17. NACM WELDED STEEL CHAIN
SPECIFICATIONS
• Grade 80 Alloy Chain
– Premium quality, high strength alloy chain, heat treated,
used in a variety of sling and tie down applications.
• Grade 100 Alloy Chain
– Premium quality, highest strength alloy chain, heat
treated, used in a variety of sling and tie down
applications.
– For overhead lifting applications, only Alloy Chain
should be used.
• National Association of Chain Manufacturers.

18. WIRE ROPE SLINGS

19. Wire Rope Slings
Advantages
• Low initial cost
• Lighter weight than alloy
chain
Disadvantages
• Low strength to weight ratio
• Difficult to inspect
• Easily kinked
• Internal corrosion
• Not repairable

20. Wire Rope Slings
Mechanical Splice Slings – Single Part Body – IPS – 6 x 19 IWRC
RATED CAPACITY (lbs.)
Basket Hitch – Sling Angle
Size (in.) Vertical Choker 90° 60° 45°
1 / 4 1,120 820 2,200 1,940 1,580
3 / 8 2,400 1,840 4,800 4,200 3,400
1 / 2 4,400 3,200 8,800 7,600 6,200
5 / 8 6,800 5,000 13,600 11,800 9,600
3 / 4 9,800 7,200 19,600 17,000 13,800
7 / 8 13,200 9,600 26,000 22,000 18,600
1 17,000 12,600 34,000 30,000 24,000
1 – 1 / 8 20,000 15,800 40,000 34,000 28,000
D/d ratio is 20 or greater

21. Wire Rope Slings

22. SYNTHETIC SLINGS
HOISTSAFE

23. Synthetic Slings
Advantages
• Light weight
• Easy to rig
• Low initial cost
• Reduced load damage
Disadvantages
• Low heat resistance
– 194° F.
• Subject to cuts and abrasion
• Subject to chemicals and UV
• Cannot be repaired

24. Synthetic Clings
Flat / Tubular Slings Round Slings

25. Polyester Round Slings
Width (In.) Color
Rated Capacity (Lbs.)
Vertical Choker Basket
2
Purple 3,000 2,400 6,000
Black 4,500 3,600 9,000
Green 6,000 4,800 12,000
Yellow 9,000 7,200 18,000
3
Gray 12,000 9,600 24,000
Red 14,000 11,200 28,000
Brown 17,000 13,600 34,000
Blue 22,000 17,600 44,000
4
Orange
26,000 20,800 52,000
32,000 25,600 64,000
5
50,000 40,000 100,000
60,000 48,000 120,000

26. Number of Attachment Points
• Double leg slings share
the load equally*
• Triple leg slings have
50% more capacity than
double leg slings.
• Quad leg slings rely on
the fourth leg for
stability only, not
additional lift capacity.

27. Operating Limitations
• Crane Capacity Charts
– Mobile Crane
• Boom angle
• Boom extension
– Overhead Crane
– Static versus Dynamic
loads
• Slings and Hardware
– Vertical capacity
– Basket capacity
– Choker capacity
– Bridle capacity

28. SLING INSPECTION
HOISTSAFE

29. • Reasons
– Ensure safe equipment
– Gain knowledge and
experience:
• Nature of lifts being
made
• Sling usage
• Operator competence
• Inspections
– Daily / Periodic before
use (NO records)
– Minimum annual with
records
• Frequently, as warranted
• Record Keeping
– Most recent report
– Test certificates
Sebab
Pastikan peralatan selamat
Dapatkan pengetahuan dan
pengalaman
Sifat lif yang dibuat
Penggunaan sling
Kecekapan operator
Pemeriksaan
Harian / Berkala sebelum
digunakan (TIADA rekod)
Minimum tahunan dengan
rekod
Selalunya, seperti yang
dibenarkan
Penyimpanan rekod
Laporan terkini
Sijil ujian

30. Daily / Period Inspection
• A thorough periodic
inspection of slings shall
be performed by a
competent person
designated by the
employer and shall
include a thorough
inspection for:
• Pemeriksaan berkala
menyeluruh terhadap anduh
hendaklah dilakukan oleh
orang kompeten yang
ditetapkan oleh majikan dan
hendaklah termasuk
pemeriksaan menyeluruh
untuk:
• Wear
• Deformation
• Elongation
• Sharp traverse nicks and gouges
in chain
• Cuts
• Corrosion
• Heat damage
• Hardware
– Latches for proper seating,
operation and distortion
– Hooks for wear and distortion

31. Sling Angle

32. Sling Angle Factor
SLING ANGLE CHART
Angle
from
Horizontal
[A]
S.A.F.
[L ÷ H]
90° 1.000
60° 1.155
45° 1.415
30° 2.000
A

33. Sling Angle Factor

34. Grade 80 Alloy Chain Slings
Single
Chain
Trade
Size
Chain
Size Working Load Limit (lbs)
9/32” .279 3,500
3/8” .404 7,100
½” .529 12,000
5/8” .625 18,100
¾” .801 28,300
7/8” .881 34,200
1” 1.000 47,700
1-1/4” 1.250 72,300

35. Grade 80 Alloy Chain Slings
Double 90° 60° 45° 30°
Chain
Trade
Size
Chain
Size Working Load Limit (lbs)
9/32” .279 7,000 6,100 4,900 3,500
3/8” .404 14,200 12,300 10,000 7,100
½” .529 24,000 20,800 17,000 12,000
5/8” .625 36,200 31,300 25,600 18,100
¾” .801 56,600 49,000 40,000 28,300
7/8” .881 68,400 59,200 48,400 34,200
1” 1.000 95,400 82,600 67,400 47,700
1-1/4” 1.250 144,600 125,200 102,200 72,300

36. Grade 80 Alloy Chain Slings
T & Q 90° 60° 45° 30°
Chain
Trade
Size
Chain
Size Working Load Limit (lbs)
9/32” .279 10,500 9,100 7,400 5,200
3/8” .404 21,300 18,400 15,100 10,600
½” .529 36,000 31,200 25,500 18,000
5/8” .625 54,300 47,000 38,400 27,100
¾” .801 84,900 73,500 60,000 42,200
7/8” .881 102,600 88,900 72,500 51,300
1” 1.000 143,100 123,900 101,200 71,500
1-1/4” 1.250 216,900 187,800 153,400 108,400

37. Wire Rope Slings
Mechanical Splice Slings – Single Part Body – IPS – 6 x 19 IWRC
RATED CAPACITY (lbs.)
Basket Hitch – Sling Angle
Size (in.) Vertical Choker 90° 60° 45°
1 / 4 1,120 820 2,200 1,940 1,580
3 / 8 2,400 1,840 4,800 4,200 3,400
1 / 2 4,400 3,200 8,800 7,600 6,200
5 / 8 6,800 5,000 13,600 11,800 9,600
3 / 4 9,800 7,200 19,600 17,000 13,800
7 / 8 13,200 9,600 26,000 22,000 18,600
1 17,000 12,600 34,000 30,000 24,000
1 – 1 / 8 20,000 15,800 40,000 34,000 28,000
D/d ratio is 20 or greater

38. Vertical Basket Hitch
• Two times the single leg
capacity
• Legs must be vertical to within
5 degrees
• D/d must be greater than 20/1
• Dua kali ganda kapasiti kaki tunggal
• Kaki mesti menegak hingga dalam 5
darjah
• D/d mestilah lebih besar daripada
20/1
D
d

39. Double Wrap Basket Hitch
• Excellent load control for loose materials
and good grip on smooth surfaces.
• Twice the single leg capacity.
• Sling wrap must be lay side by side
• Do not overlap at bottom of load
• Adjust sling as slack is taken up
• Kawalan beban yang sangat baik untuk bahan
longgar dan cengkaman yang baik pada permukaan
licin.
• Dua kali ganda kapasiti kaki tunggal.
• Balut anduh mesti diletakkan sebelah
menyebelahJangan berbeban
• Laraskan anduh apabila kendur diambil tindih di
bahagian bawah

40. Choker Hitch
• 75-80% OF SINGLE LEG
CAPACITY
• ANGLE OF CHOKE MUST BE
GREATER THAN 120
DEGREES
• 75-80% DARI KAPASITI SATU
KAKI
• SUDUT TERCIK MESTI LEBIH
DARI 120 DARJAH

41. Double Wrap Choker Hitches
• EXCELLENT LOAD CONTROL FOR LOOSE
MATERIALS AND GRIP ON SMOOTH
SURFACES
• 75-80% OF SINGLE LEG CAPACITY
• ANGLE OF CHOKE MUST BE GREATER
THAN 120 DEGREES
• SLING WRAP MUST LAY SIDE BY SIDE
• DO NOT OVERLAP AT BOTTOM OF LOAD
• KAWALAN BEBAN YANG TERBAIK UNTUK BAHAN
LONGGAR DAN CENGKAMAN PADA PERMUKAAN LICIN
• 75-80% DARI KAPASITI SATU KAKI
• SUDUT TERCIK MESTI LEBIH DARI 120 DARJAH
• SLING WRAP MESTI BERSAMPING
• JANGAN BERTINDIH DI BAWAH BEBAN

42. Sling Angles – Edge Protection
• When edges are sharp or abrasive
– Sling damage may occur
• When sling angle become shallow.
– Lateral loading may crush object
being lifted.
Apabila tepi tajam atau kasar
Kerosakan anduh mungkin berlaku
Apabila sudut anduh menjadi cetek.
Pemuatan sisi boleh menghancurkan
objek yang diangkat.

43. Sling Angles
• Sling tension Ketegangan
– Loads tend to hang vertically
– Forcing load points away from vertical requires force
– Reaction to the force increases sling tension
• Crush Force
– The result of forcing load points away from vertical
• Cribbing
– Protects the sling from being damaged
– Protects the load from being crushed
Beban cenderung digantung secara menegak
Memaksa titik beban dari menegak memerlukan daya
Tindak balas terhadap daya meningkatkan ketegangan sling
Kekuatan Hancur
Hasil memaksa titik beban menjauhi menegak
Membelek
Melindungi sling daripada rosak
Melindungi beban daripada dihancurkan

44. SAFE HOIST AND CRANE
OPERATIONS

45. Safe Hoist and Crane Operations
• General
– If power is interrupted during operation of a crane or
hoist, place all controls in the “OFF” position.
– If more than one hoist or crane must be used to lift or
move a load, ONE person should be assigned
responsibility for the operation.
Jika kuasa terganggu semasa pengendalian kren atau angkat,
letakkan semua kawalan dalam kedudukan “OFF”.
Jika lebih daripada satu angkat atau kren mesti digunakan untuk
mengangkat atau mengalihkan beban, SATU orang harus diberi
tanggungjawab untuk operasi tersebut.

46. Safe Hoist and Crane Operations
• Special Heavy Lifts
– Lifts in excess of the rated capacity
– Each heavy lift must be analyzed and authorized by a
qualified person
– ONLY applies to the specific lift
– Required PTW
– JSA
Does NOT authorize any heavy lifts in everyday operations
Mengangkat melebihi kapasiti undian
Setiap lif berat mesti dianalisis dan diberi kuasa oleh orang yang berkelayakan
HANYA digunakan untuk lif tertentu
PTW yang diperlukan
JSA

47. Safe Hoist and Crane Operations
• Pulling a Load - Menarik Beban
– Use of hoists and cranes for pulling a load is NOT
recommended.
– If necessary use a pulley (snatch) block to re-direct force to the
load.
– Avoid ‘side pull’ on the hoist.
– Use second hoist anchored to a structural member to achieve
load pulls
– Consult supervisor before any load pulling operations
– Penggunaan angkat dan kren untuk menarik beban adalah TIDAK
disyorkan.
– Jika perlu gunakan blok takal (snatch) untuk mengalihkan semula daya
ke beban.
– Elakkan ‘tarik sisi’ pada hoist.
– Gunakan angkat kedua yang dilabuhkan pada anggota struktur untuk
mencapai tarikan beban
– Rujuk penyelia sebelum sebarang operasi menarik beban

48. Safe Hoist and Crane Operations
• Turning a Load
– Visualize the load and its
center of gravity
– Visualize sling positions
while turning
– Determine if blocks or
supports will be required
– Determine how load will
be controlled
• Tagline
• Two-hook turn
• Memusingkan Beban
• Visualisasikan beban dan
pusat gravitinya
• Visualisasikan kedudukan
anduh semasa membelok
• Tentukan sama ada blok atau
sokongan diperlukan
• Tentukan bagaimana beban
akan dikawal
• Tagline
• Pusingan dua cangkuk

49. Safe Hoist and Crane Operations
• Smooth, steady application of lifting force
– Allows hoist and rigging to adjust to change
– Minimizes spin
– Reduces wear on wire and synthetic rope
• NO shock loading
– Especially with wire rope slings
Penggunaan daya angkat yang licin dan mantap
Membenarkan pengangkat dan pemasangan menyesuaikan diri untuk
berubah
Meminimumkan putaran
Mengurangkan haus pada wayar dan tali sintetik
TIADA beban kejutan
Lebih-lebih lagi dengan anduh tali dawai

50. METHOD OF LIFTING
Plan a suitable lifting route,
to avoid collision with any
person, objects or overhead
power line
Do not drag loads
3. Move the load as near to
the ground level as possible
4. Stop people from standing
in the lifting area
5. Do not ride on a load that
is being lifted
6. When the crane is
in operation, it must
maintain a distance of
at least 600 mm from
any barriers or
buildings
7. When visibility is
blocked, the signal
man shall render
assistance
8. Lifting the load at a
low speed so that the
sling tightens slowly
and maintains a
balanced position.

59. STANDARD
HAND SIGNALS
HOISTSAFE

60. Standard Hand Signals

61. SAFE RIGGING
PRACTICES

62. The Thought Process of Rigging
• What is to be done with the load?
• What tools are needed to perform the assigned task?
• Is the capacity of the tools adequate to handle the loads
and forces involved in lifting and moving?
• How can the hookup be made?
• What will happen when the load is lifted?
• Apa yang perlu dilakukan dengan beban?
• Apakah alatan yang diperlukan untuk melaksanakan tugas yang
diberikan?
• Adakah kapasiti alatan mencukupi untuk mengendalikan beban dan
daya yang terlibat dalam mengangkat dan menggerakkan?
• Bagaimanakah perhubungan boleh dibuat?
• Apakah yang akan berlaku apabila beban diangkat?

63. Safe Rigging Practices
• Whenever possible, avoid sharp, inefficient sling angles by using
longer slings or a spreader beam.
• Do not pull slings from under a load when the load is resting on
the sling.
• Do not drag slings over sharp objects or abrasive surfaces.
• Do not leave slings lying where heavy loads may be set down on
top of them.
• Apabila boleh, elakkan suduT yang tajam dengan menggunakan sling
yang lebih panjang atau rasuk penyebar.
• Jangan tarik sling dari bawah beban apabila beban diletakkan pada
sling.
• Jangan seret sling ke atas objek tajam atau permukaan yang melelas.
• Jangan biarkan sling terletak di mana beban berat boleh diletakkan di
atasnya.

64. Safe Rigging Practices
• Do not use metal-mesh slings in which the spirals are
locked or do not move freely.
• Do NOT hammer a metal-mesh sling to straighten a spiral
or cross rod, or to force a spiral into position.
• If metal-mesh slings are used in pairs, they should be
attached to a spreader beam.
• Jangan gunakan sling logam-mesh di mana lingkaran dikunci atau
tersekat.
• JANGAN menukul sling logam untuk meluruskan lingkaran atau
batang silang, atau untuk memaksa lingkaran ke kedudukannya.
• Jika sling logam-mesh digunakan secara berpasangan, ia hendaklah
dilekatkan pada rasuk penyebar.

65. IntroductionTo Lifting Plan

66.  Definition
 Lifting operation Categories
 Strength & Stability.
 Mobile Cranes Selection
Rated Capacity Indicator (RCI)- cranes Load
charts & Diagrams
 Load Chart
 Crane calculation template
1

67. Lifting Operation
Regulation 8(2) of LOLER defines a lifting
operation as '… an operation concerned with the
lifting or lowering of a load'. A 'load' is the item or items
being lifted, which includes a person or people.
Lifting Equipment
'Lifting equipment' means work equipment for lifting and
lowering loads. This includes lifting accessories and
attachments used for anchoring, fixing or supporting the
equipment
Definitions
2

68. Definitions
Lifting Accessory:
Means any sling, shackle, swivel, ring, hook or other
appliances, including lifting beams, frames and spreaders,
used in connection with a lifting appliance or from the hook
of a crane.
3

69. Definitions and principles of
lifting equipment
Lifting Accessory
(sling)
Lifting Appliance
(Crawler Crane)
Lifting Appliance
(Truck Mounted
Crane)
Banksman
Rigger (slinger)
Load (Tubular)
Lifting Supervisor

70. Lifting
Supervisor
Banksma
n
Rigge
r
Barricad
es
Lifting
Appliance
(Crane)
Lifting
accessories
(Slings &
Shackles)
Lifted Load
(Cargo inside
Basket)
Toolbox
Talk
Pre-use Inspection
Definitionsand principlesof lifting equipment

71. Category 3: Complex Lifting.
Category 2: complicated Lifting.
Category 1: Simple Lifting.
8
Lifting Plan Categorization

72. Category 3: Complex Lifting.
9
Lifting Plan Categorization

73. Category 2: complicated Lifting
10
Lifting Plan Categorization

74. Category 1: Simple Lifting.
11
Lifting Plan Categorization

75. Crane Components
Rough Terrain Crane Components

76. Causes of Reduced
Load Capacity
1. Off-level
2. Wind hazard
3. Eccentricreeving
4. Swing out
5. Sideloading
6. Impact loading

77. 14

78. 15

79. Load Rating Charts
Exceeding rated capacities of a crane may result in one of two
scenarios:
 Loss of stability, i.e. tipping
 Component failure, i.e. structural damage or mechanical failure
17

80. Rated capacity indicator (RCI) and rated capacity limiter (RCL)
18

81. Boom Angle Indicator
19

82. Crane Components
Rated Capacity Indicator (RCI) System
The LMI is showing the following information:
 The telescopic boom is extended to 40.1 ft.
 The Boom angle is shown as 68.1 deg.
 The radius from the centre of the crane slew
ring to the hook is 11.8 ft.
 The rope reeving configuration is set at
6 part line (Falls).
 The height of the boom tip from the ground
is 48.4 ft.
 The maximum SWL that can be picked at this
radius is 50,100 lbs
 The actual load being picked is at 07,800 lbs
If the SLI has an orange light showing during operation this signifies
that you are approaching the maximum safe working load.

83. Crane Selection
The selection of the right crane for the lift, is determined by the factors
listed below:
1. Length of crane boom required.
2. The maximum working radius of the crane.
3. Total load weight including the weight of the crane hook block and
lifting tackle.
4. Levelness and compaction of the area where the crane is to be set up.
5. Availability of clearance for all swinging movement of the crane and the
load.
6. Areas where the crane boom or load can be obstructed.

84. Load Charts
Components of Load Charts
A load chart is a tool that is supplied by the manufacturer to assist the
crane operator in determining the correct rated capacity of the crane
based upon the manufacturer’sapproved configurations.
General Load Chart requirements
1. In order fora load chart to be valid, it must have a serial number.
2. Load charts must be durableand legible
3. Load charts must be accessible from theoperator’s station

85. Load Charts
Radius
Boom Angle
Components of Load Charts
Radius: The distance from the center of rotation to the center of the load or
hoist line
Boom Length: The distance from the center pivot of the boom base to the
top boom nose
sheave
Boom Angle: The angle in degrees between the boom base section and
horizontal

86. Load Charts
Notes on Load Charts
Load Rating Charts
 The values listed on the
capacity table are referred to as
the rated capacity or the gross
capacity of the crane in a
specificconfiguration.
 According to manufacturer
requirements, Federal
regulations and nationally
recognized standards, these
rated capacities are NOT to be
exceeded.
Sample of Load Rating Charts

87. Load Charts
 Bold line – values above the bold line, when exceeded, could result in
structural damage while values below the bold line, when exceeded,
could result in loss of stability
 Asterisks – values with an asterisk, when exceeded, could result in
structural damage while values without an asterisk, when exceeded,
could result in loss of stability
 Shaded areas – values within the shaded area, when exceeded, could
result in structural damage while values outside the shaded area, when
exceeded, could result in loss of stability

88. Load Charts
Bold line
Case
Shaded
areas
Asterisks

89.  Sheaves and Reeving:
o Parts of Line Pull
Crane principles

90. Determining Parts of Line, Weight of Line
and Sizing the Hook Block
Minimum Parts of Line Required
Weight of Hook Block (or Ball)
+ Weight of Rigging
(Slings, Hardware and Lifting Devices)
+ Load Weight
= Suspended Weight
Suspended Weight
Safe Working Load of Hoist Rope
Count the number of lines between the boom point and the block.

91. Position of Crane
Rear – Front – Side
29

92. Ground Bearing Capacity
30

93. •Q & A
93

94. Thanks for Your Participation
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