Distribution of lifestyle risk factor for oral cancer, by sex among cases (n=xx) and controls (n=xx) Risk Factors Males Females Total Cases Control Cases Control Cases Control n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) Cigarette Smoking Never Ever Current Past Bidi Smoking Never Ever Cigar smoking Never Ever Others smoking Never Ever Alcohol Never Ever Socio-economic status Low Medium High Table 4. Risk of oral cancer associated with the lifestyle risk factors among both sexes (X cases, X controls) derived from conditional logistic regression (conditioned on age and sex). Risk Factors Cases n (%) Controls n (%) OR¹ (95% CI) OR² (95% CI) Socio-economic status Low Medium High Smoking Never Ever Alcohol Never Ever Chewing Never Ever Current Past Tobacco Pack Years 0 1-10 10-2 >20 Second Hand Smoke Yes No OR 1: Basic Model conditioned for age and sex OR2: Basic model adjusted for other variables. Table 4: Use and risk of oral cancer among men (x cases, x controls), crude and adjusted risk estimates from simple logistic regression. Risk Factors Cases Controls OR¹ (95% CI) OR² (95% CI) n % n % Smoking Habit Never Ever Current Past Tobacco Pack Years 0 1-10 10-2 >20 Bidi Smoking Ever Never Others smoking type Ever Never OR1: Crude Odds Ratio, OR2: Adjusted For age, sex, smoking and alcohol, CI: Confidence interval Risk Factors Cases Controls OR¹ (95% CI) OR² (95% CI) n % n % Smoking Habit Never Ever Current Past Tobacco Pack Years 0 1-10 10-2 >20 Bidi Smoking Ever Never Others smoking type Ever Never OR 1: Crude Odds Ratio, OR2: Adjusted for age, sex, SES, smoking and alcohol, CI: Confidence Interval Table: Characteristics of oral cancer patients and controls Characteristics Males Females Cases Controls Cases Controls (n=)% (n=)% (n=)% (n=)% Age <50 50-59 60-69 ≥70 Educationᵃ (yr) ≤12 12 13-15 ≥16 Religion ᵇ Hindu Buddhist Christian Other/none Smokingᶜ Never Current Former Cigarettes/dayᵈ 1-20 21-39 ≥40 Alcoholᵉ 0-1/wk Occasional 1-4/day 4-6/day ≥7/day Table 5-3. Cigarette smoking and the risk of oral cancer (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals) Cases Controls Crude OR (95% CI) Adjusted OR* (95% CI) Adjusted OR** (95% CI) Cigarette smoking No smoking Ever smoking Pack years of smoking Continuous (20 years) No smoking 119 20-39 ≥40 Years since quitting smoking No smoking ≥20 years 5-19 year 1-4 years Current smoking Age at initiation of smoking No smoking ≥20 18-19 16-17 ...