Historical philosophical, theoretical, and legal foundations of special and i...
The Principles Of Knowledge For Manipulating Fractions And...
1. The Principles Of Knowledge For Manipulating Fractions And...
Fractions Constructs in fractions extend many of the principles encountered in multiplicative
thinking. It has been observed language and a variety of models improve understanding of these
constructs (Reys et al, 2012). Therefore, these models should be scaffolded to develop student skills
and knowledge for manipulating fractions with operations. The underpinning principle is the part–
whole construct (Charalambous & Pitta–Pantazi, 2005). The subconstructs for fractions that build on
this construct are quotient, ratio, measure and operator (Charalamous & Pitta–Pantazi, 2005; Clarke,
Roche & Mitchell, 2008). As with multiplicative thinking there is a loose sequence to learning these
constructs which overlaps. Their instruction during the primary years is important because a fifth–
grader's fractional knowledge can predict later outcomes in mathematics (Dooren & Vershaffel,
2015). There are both universal and distinct aspects to fractions and decimals. Universally, they need
to be discussed in class, including discussion of individual answers (Reys et al., 2012). Learner
interaction is consistent with Vygotsky's belief social negotiation develops higher cognitive
processes (Woolfolk & Margetts, 2013). Students must talk and listen to each other (Woolfolk &
Margetts, 2013). This is not unique to fractions of course, as it also applies to every big idea in
mathematics. However, the order of acquisition is a point of difference between fractions and
decimals. Reys et al (2012)
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2.
3. Termpaper
1.Identify the potential sales and department store transactions that can be stored within the
database.
The given Departmental Store Database will have retail sales which gives the information regarding
the store sales transactions in which the sales sale process consists of a customer having the
purchase to a store.
The assumptions made for this case study are:
1. Departmental Stores consists of five stores located in five different locations.
2. Departmental store consists of Store, Employee, Customer and product.
3. One Store consists of many employees and (many employees can work in a single store).
4. One Store consists of many customers and( many customers will be accessible to one ... Show
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Database services.
Social Media : Social networking websites such as YouTube, Twitter, Blog, MySpace and Face
book, and online communities play the vital role among the communication offering tools which
will enable the rules to be applied for the activities to be guarding and preserving the integrity of
business operations. Consistency :The consistency in the business providing the same floor of
services from everyone and to everyone within your organization.
Customer Loyalty: Understanding the pulse of the customer and providing exceptional customer
service by offering the fair measures of product policies like discounts, return policies of retailing
and thus enhancing the business policies.
3. Evaluate all relationships of each entity within your database solution using the Crow's Foot
notation. Include all data elements, entities, relationships (such as 1: M, 1:1, M: N), and cardinalities
for the department store database in your diagram. Note: The graphically depicted solution is not
included in the required page length.
4.Research the Internet for best practices of how retail stores use databases for retaining customers
and increasing sales and complete the following:
a.Justify how Big Data tools could be used for forecasting sales and inventory of the department
store.
In today's competitive market many Businesses are trying to use the power of insights available and
provided by big data to immediately establish who did
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4.
5. Security Issues And Models For Privacy
Survey of various security issues and models for privacy in social networks, which addresses with
the security of the user who are part of information. Background and Motivation: To tackle most of
the privacy network problems, almost all the social network sites have provided various privacy and
security options to the user, but these options do not deal the privacy and security of persons who
are part of that information. For example: A group pic being posted by Harry may contain pic of
Ron, Hermione etc. While uploading, the Social Networking Sites only takes care about the privacy
options of Alice and not of others. So, by this survey, we are motivated to search and explore
various security models in privacy network that deals with this ... Show more content on
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Summarizing some good techniques, models and mechanisms with emphasizing on their strength
and weakness along with their results. Results: While doing the survey of the various security
models, privacy mechanisms and other kind of security model which deals with the security and
privacy of users who are part of information being shared, we have came across few really nice and
promising models. In this section, we are summarizing these methods one by one: – Patronus:
Augmented Privacy Protection for Resource Publication in Online Social Networks[SR1] With the
popularity of on–line social networks and the wide spread of smart phones, it is becoming more and
more frequent and convenient for individuals to share resources, such as status, texts, photos,
videos, and so on, with their friends over online social networks. Since online resources might
involve several users at the same time, it is not enough to protect the privacy of users with the
simple group–based access control model (GBAC), which only regards privacy requirements of the
resource owner. In order to provide augmented privacy protection for resource publication in on–
line social networks, this paper proposes the concept of resource involvers and a new access model
named Patronus[SR1], in which, the privacy requirements of the resource owner and its
corresponding involvers are both taken into considerations. Patronus employs a
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6.
7. Csvtu Syllabus Computer Science
Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University,Bhilai Scheme of teaching and examination
B.E. IV Semester Computer Science & Engineering S.No Board of Study Subject Code 1 Appl.
Mathematics 2 Appl. Mathematics 3 Comp Science & Engg 4 Comp Science & Engg 5 Comp
Science & Engg 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Management Comp Science & Engg Comp Science & Engg Comp
Science & Engg Comp Science & Engg Humanities Subject Name Periods per Scheme of exam
week L T 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 2 1 19 6 15 640 120 P ESE CT 80 80 80 80 80 80 40 40 40 40 20 20 20
20 20 20 Theory/Practical Total Credit Marks L+(T+P) / 2 TA 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 40 120
120 120 120 120 120 60 60 60 60 40 5 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 1 322411(14) 322412( 14 ) 322413( 22 )
322414( 22 ) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
UNIT – 2 SET THEORY, RELATIONS, FUNCTIONS (No. of periods 8+2) Basic concept of set
theory, Relations, Properties of relation in a set, Equivalence relation, Composition of relations,
Partial order & total order relations, Lattices & Hasse diagram, Introduction to function, Inverse,
Identity, Injective, Surjective & Bijective functions, Composition of functions and some special
functions. (No. of periods 8+2) UNIT – 3 ALGEBRAIC STRUCTURES Groups, Subgroups,
Cosets, Lagrange's theorem, Isomorphism, Automorphism, Homomorphism, Codes & group codes,
Rings, Integral domains and Fields. UNIT – 4 GRAPH THEORY (No. of periods 8+2) Introduction
to graph theory, Walks, Paths & Circuits, Types of graphs, Shortest path problems, Eulerian and
Hamiltonian graphs, Basic concept of tree: spanning tree, minimum spanning tree, search tree,
rooted binary tree, Cut sets, Network flow, Matrix representation of graphs. UNIT – 5
COMBINATORICS (No. of periods 8+2) Permutation and combination, Pigeon–hole principle,
Mathematical induction, Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion, Generating function, Recurrence
relation. TEXT BOOKS: 1. Elements of
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8.
9. Types Of Sap Hana Models
1 Types of SAP HANA Models
This chapter provides an overview of the different models that can be created in SAP HANA. For
each model type, the chapter defines the model in question, outlines the criteria for choosing it, and
explains its benefits.
1.1 SAP HANA Database Engine Architecture
SAP HANA is an in–memory technology platform that is deployable as an appliance or in the cloud.
Its core is the SAP HANA database, which is built for high performance applications. It makes full
use of the main memory and processing power provided by modern hardware. As relevant data is
kept in main memory, read operations can run in main memory. SAP HANA is also designed to
make full use of multi–core CPUs by parallelization of execution. Research ... Show more content
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Application–specific services provided by the XS server are either created declaratively or by
writing server side application code. The XS server also hosts several system services, for example
for data replication, and for analytical queries and search queries over HTTP. Several web–based
tools included with SAP HANA are also running on XS, for example for development, system
administration, and life cycle management.
The name server owns the information about the topology of a SAP HANA system. In a distributed
system, the name server knows where the components are running and which data is located on
which server.
The SAP HANA studio is both development environment and administration tool. Administrators
can use the SAP HANA studio for example to start and stop servers, to monitor the system, to
configure system settings and to manage users and authorizations. As shown in figure 4, the SAP
HANA connects to the SAP HANA servers via SQL. Developers can use the SAP HANA studio to
create content such as data models, modeled views or procedures. These development artifacts are
stored in the SAP HANA repository. The SAP HANA studio is based on the Eclipse platform.
In addition to SAP HANA studio, there are also web–based tools for administration and
development. The server side parts of these tools are system applications that run in the XS server.
Web–based development tools can be used to perform most development tasks in a browser. Web–
based XS
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10.
11. Timetable Management System Using Java
MCA
Semester – I
S.No.
Course Code
Course Name
1
2
3
4
5
COMP 712
Programming & Problem Solving with C
COMP 714
COMP 715
MAS 621
BAM 752
Introduction to Softwares
Computer Organization and Architecture
Discrete Mathematics
Business Communication
Total Credits
Semester – II
S.No.
Course Code
Course Name
12. 6
COMP 723
Operating System
7
8
9
10
COMP 724
COMP 725
COMP 726
MAS 661
Data Structures using C++
Information System Analysis and Design
Web Technologies
11
BAM 753
Essentials of Management
Computer based Numerical and Statistical
Techniques
Total Credits
Semester – III
S.No.
Course Code
12
13
14
15
16
17
COMP 731
COMP 732
COMP 733
COMP 736
COMP 837
BAM 796
13. Semester – IV
S.No.
Course Code
18
COMP 842
19
COMP 843
20 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unit 3: Software
System software, Operating System, Functions of OS, Overview of DOS,
Windows and Unix.
Application software (Word Processor, MS–Excel, MS–PowerPoint)
Unit 4: Programming Languages and Software Development
Generation of Languages, Compiler, Assembler, Linker, Loader, Software
Development Methodology, Software Development Life Cycle
Programming Languages: Programming Language Paradigm, Procedure–Oriented
Language, Object– Oriented Language, Web Based Languages
Unit 5: Network and Data Base Concepts
Definition and Types of Network, Introduction to Internet– Search Engine, Web
Page, Web Browser, Introduction to E–Commerce.
Data Base definition, Data Base Management System, overview of MS–Access
Text Books:
1. Fundamentals of Computer: – V. Raja Raman
2. Fundamentals of Computer: – P. K. Sinha
Reference Books:
1. Microsoft Office Black Book
2. UNIX: The Ultimate Guide: – Sumitabha Das
3. PC Software: – V.K. Jain "O Level"
Computer Organization & Architecture
Code: COMP–715
Credits: 4(3+1+0)
UNIT–1
Introduction: Types of computers: Analog, Digital and Hybrid Computers, Modern Digital
Computer,
Number systems– Binary, Octal, Decimal, Hexadecimal , 1's & 2's Complement.
Digital logic circuits and Components: Logic gates, Boolean Algebra, K–Map Simplification, Half
Adder, Full Adder, Decoder, Encoders, Multiplexers, Demultiplexer, Flip Flops, Registers, Binary
Counters.
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14.
15. Electronic State Transition From Bulk Metal / Semiconductor
1.Introduction: Figure (a) :Size quantization effect. Electronic state transition from bulk
metal/semiconductor to small cluster. "Nanocrystalline particles represent a state of matter in the
transition region between bulk solid and single molecule. As a consequence, their physical and
chemical properties gradually change from solid state to molecular behaviour with decreasing
particle size. The reasons for this behaviour can be summarised as two basic phenomena: First
owing to their small dimensions, the surface–to–volume ratio increases, and the number of surface
atoms may be similar to or higher than those located in the crystalline lattice core, and the surface
properties are no longer negligible. When no other molecules are adsorbed onto the nanocrystallites,
the surface atoms are highly unsaturated and their electronic contribution to the behaviour of the
particles is totally different from that of the inner atoms. These effects may be even more marked
when the surface atoms are ligated.This leads to different electronic transport and catalytic
properties of the nanocrystalline particles. The second phenomenon, which occurs in metal and
semiconductor nanoparticles, is totally an electronic effect. The band structure gradually evolves
with increasing particle size i.e, molecular orbital convert into delocalised band states.The above
figure depicts the size quantization effect responsible for the transition between a bulk metal or
semiconductor, and cluster
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16.
17. C Language
The C programming language (often, just "C") is a general–purpose, procedural, imperative
computer programming language developed in the early 1970s by Dennis Ritchie for use on the
Unix operating system. It has since spread to many other operating systems, and is now one of the
most widely used programming languages. C also has had a great influence on many other popular
languages,[1] especially [[C++]] which was originally designed as an enhancement to C. It is the
most commonly used programming language for writing system software,[2][3] though it is also
widely used for writing applications. Though not originally designed as a language for teaching, and
despite its somewhat unforgiving character, C is commonly used in computer science ... Show more
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The relatively low–level nature of the language affords the programmer close control over what the
program is doing, while allowing solutions that can be specially tailored and aggressively optimized
for a particular platform. This allows the code to run efficiently on very limited hardware, such as
mass–produced consumer embedded systems, which today are as capable as the general–purpose
machines originally used to implement C.
A number of the above missing features are available
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21. Essay on The Art and Science of Java
Answers to Review Questions Chapter 1. Introduction 1. Babbage's Analytical Engine introduced
the concept of programming to computing. 2. Augusta Ada Byron is generally recognized as the first
programmer. The U.S. Department of Defense named the Ada programming language in her honor.
3. The heart of von Neumann architecture is the stored–programming concept, in which both data
and programming instructions are stored in the same memory system. 4. Hardware is tangible and
comprises the physical parts of a computer; software is intangible and consists of the programs the
computer executes. 5. The abstract concept that forms the core of computer science is problem–
solving. 6. For a solution technique to be an algorithm, it must be Clearly ... Show more content on
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Chapter 2. Programming by Example 1. The purpose of the comment at the beginning of each
program is to convey information to the human reader of the program about what it does. 2. A
library package is a collection of tools written by other programmers that perform useful operations,
thereby saving you the trouble of implementing those operations yourself. 3. When you execute a
program developed using the acm.program package, Java invokes the run method. 4. An argument is
information that the caller of a particular method makes available to the method itself. By accepting
arguments, methods become much more general tools that provide considerable flexibility to their
callers. 5. The println method is used in the context of a ConsoleProgram to display information to
the user. The suffix ln is a shorhand for the word line and indicates that the output displayed by the
println call should appear on the current line but that any subsequent output should begin on the
following line. 6. The readInt method requests an integer value from the user and then returns that
value so that it can be used as input to the program. The standard pattern for using the readInt
method looks like this: int variable = readInt("prompt"); The Art and Science of Java Answers to
review questions –3– 7. The + operator is used to signify addition when it is applied to numeric
arguments and
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22.
23. Advantages And Disadvantages Of WBT
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Software development is not a precise science and software is a ?
minded–crafted? by human beings, so it is error prone, software development must be accompanied
by quality assurance activities. It is typical for developers to spend around 40% of the total project
time on testing. For life critical software (e.g. flight control, reactor monitoring), testing can cost 3
to 5 times as much as all other activities combined [1]. The destructive nature of testing requires that
the developer discard preconceived notions of the correctness of his/her developed software. This
means that testing must be done from an entirely different perspective from that of a developer.
Testing must be done by considering the end user in mind, that how ... Show more content on
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It is nearly impossible to look into every bit of code to find out hidden errors, which may create
problems, resulting in failure of application. 2.7 Path Testing It is a testing mechanism proposed by
McCabe. Its aim is to derive a logical complexity measure of a procedural design and use this as a
guide for defining a basic set of execution paths. Test cases which exercise basic set will execute
every statement at least once.[1]It is a name given to a group of test technique based on the selection
of a set of test paths in a program. If set of paths is properly chosen then it means that we have
achieved a better test path. This type of testing involves two steps: Generating a set of paths that will
cover every branch in the program. Finding the set of test cases that will execute every path of the
program. 2.7.1 Flow Graph Notation Notation for representing control flow Fig.2.1 Flow graph
notations[1] On a flow graph: Arrows called edges represent flow of control Circles called nodes
represent one or more
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24.
25. College Admissions Essay: Bejamin Coming To California
I'm from Syracuse, New York and graduated from Williams College in Massachusetts with a degree
in physics. Immediately after graduating, I accepted an offer from Westinghouse because it was a
management training program which promised to expose me to several engineering opportunities
and allow me to choose the one I liked best. So I went to work at Westinghouse in Youngwood,
Pennsylvania in the semiconductor business. In that job, I was setting up a wafer fab operation and
making simple semiconductor products like transistors and diodes. A friend of mine came out to
California a year before I did. He told his girlfriend's roommate, "I've got the perfect guy for you."
So I came out to California in October of 1962. I had no intention in joining Fairchild when I came
out. From my imprecise research I had determined that Mountain View was in Southern California
and I wasn't interested. We were staying in Sausalito and one day we decided to drive to Santa Cruz.
I was asleep in the car and woke up just as we came to the Mountain View sign and Fairchild. So I
found out where Mountain View was. Some people plan their whole career out very carefully. I
guess mine was determined by waking up at the right time. ... Show more content on
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All of a sudden, I was free of the many social constraints of the East Coast and could fashion my life
in the way I saw fit. Within nine months, I had a new house, wife, job, car, and child on the way. I
refer to it as my early career epiphany. Westinghouse had been full of structure and I could see my
career unfolding slowly before me, one agonizing preprogrammed promotion at a time. At Fairchild
my progress was limited only by my talents and ability to work hard. It was a complete meritocracy.
It was intimidating, but I survived, even if it was scary at
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26.
27. Is Hydrogen A Colorless And Odorless Gas?
There are many elements that occur naturally on earth that can be put to good use to help with
everyday life. Some of these elements, however, can cause harm if proper control is not taken when
working with the element. Hydrogen is one such element that can be beneficial if used correctly and
catastrophic if not. To better understand incidents involving hydrogen, one needs to be familiar with
the element. According to Web elements, hydrogen is the lightest material on earth and makes up 90
percent of the universe. (Webelements, 2016.). Hydrogen is a colorless and odorless gas, which
makes it undetectable to the human eye and nose. Some uses include clean fuel, ammonia for
chemicals, and protection of fragile items to name a few. Hydrogen is most commonly found in
water on earth. In April of 2010, Tesoro Refining and Marketing Company, a petroleum refinery in
Anacortes, Washington had an incident that involving hydrogen (U.S. Chemical Safety and
Investigative Board, 2014). During their process, the company runs Catalytic Reformer / Naphtha
Hydrotreater units for petroleum refining. Tesoro uses a 6600–E heat exchanger for this process.
According to the report from the U.S. Chemical Safety and Investigative Board, the heat exchanger
ruptured. High Temperature Hydrogen Attack or HTHA is a process that hydrogen that is heated to a
high temperature dissolves or dissociates within steel. These types of accidents are common in steel
manufacturing and petroleum
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28.
29. Cloud
Pupils' Misconceptions in Mathematics One of the most important findings of mathematics
education research carried out in Britain over the last twenty years has been that all pupils constantly
'invent' rules to explain the patterns they see around them. (Askew and Wiliam 1995) While many of
these invented rules are correct, they may only apply in a limited domain. When pupils
systematically use incorrect rules, or use correct rules beyond the their proper domain of application,
we have a misconception. For example, many pupils learn early on that a short way to multiply by
ten is to 'add a zero'. But what happens to this rule, and to a child's understanding, when s/he is
required multiply fractions and decimals by ten? Askew ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The presence of the operator symbol, +, makes the 'answer' appear unfinished. In short, pupils see
such symbols as +, –, x, and ÷ as invitations to do something, and if something is still to be done,
then they ought to do it. If we have to remove the symbol by doing what it tells us to do, in this case
adding, it is only natural that 3m + 6 should become 9m. Readers who find it difficult to understand
this tendency may like to consider their own response to the following statement 3 ÷ 40 = 3 /40
Most people respond differently to the two sides of this equation. The left–hand–side looks like a
question, namely "What is three divided by forty?" The right–hand–side, however, is not a question
but simply a fraction: three fortieths. In a sense these are just two different ways of writing the same
thing, but this may also be seen as revealing that in both arithmetic and algebra some expressions
lead a dual existence as both process and product. 3m + 6 can be seen as a set of instructions for 13
calculating a numerical value, but also as mathematical object in its own right (French 2003). The
resistance to accepting 3m + 6 as an answer is easily understood. In ordinary arithmetic it is always
possible to remove the operator signs (unless there are infinite in number), and the final answer has
not been reached until they are all gone.. Strategies and Remedies For reasons that should already be
clear, despite its obvious appeal
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33. Search Of The Second Language
As my search of the second language to write the analysis started, I wanted to find a language that I
believe was more interesting that the ones I already know. Dart is a multi–purpose, garbage–
collected, class–based, programming language that borrows the same C–like syntax as many modern
programming languages out there. Dart was originally developed by Google and released on 2011.
[1] The main usages of Dart are four; compiled as JavaScript to run in the Chromium web browser,
stand–alone by using the Dart Virtual Machine, and ahead–of–time compiled into machine code. In
other to run on the main–stream web browsers, Dart relies on a source–to–source compiler to
JavaSript, which is basically a type of compiler that takes the source code in one language as input,
and output a source code in another language. This is the opposite to tradicional compilers, which
translate between a high level language to a lower level, while source–to–source translate to a
langauge within the same level of abstraction. In some cases, code written in Dart can run faster
than the same code written using JavaScript. [1] [2] The Dart SDK brings a modified version of
Chromium that includes a Dart VM which allows to run Dart on this browser. In my opinion, I
believe that the target of Dart 's designers is to substitute JavaScript in the future. By allowing
source–to–source compilation and integrating a Dart VM to the Chromium browser, I beleive this is
an attempt to make people use Dart instead of
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34.
35. The Construction Of Panjagutta Flyover
Scenario
During the construction of panjagutta flyover sudden collapsion of flyover took place on 9th
September year 2007.A flyover under construction at panjagutta has collapsed leaving 15 people
dead, there was no particular reasons founds for the sudden collapsion of panjagutta flyover. It is
still uncertain if the incident happened because lack of quantity in the recently undertaken works,
lack of safety measures or due to heavy rains occurred. The foundation stone construction of the
bridge was done in September 2005, the flyover works were delayed and he administration extended
the dead line of the completion of flyover and asked the company to complete work according to
their comfort. The total road length of the project i.e. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A range of possible meanings of Risk
–Risk = an unwanted event which may or may not occur
– Risk = the cause of an unwanted event which may or may not occur.
–Risk = the probability of unwanted event which may or may not occur.
–Risk – The statistical expectation value of unwanted event which may or may not occur.
Some safety measures should be taken before constructing a highway.
Workers Safety : As our highway infrastructures agency and many transport agencies are focusing
on rebuilding and improving existing road ways. That means more hard work is being performed on
roadways that are open to traffic.
Worker Visibility:
–Requires the use of high visibility safety apparels by workers who are working with the sights of
way of federal and highway.
High visibility standards – Provides a guide to the design performance specifications and use of
high visibility and reflective apparel including vests, Jackets, Blub /jumpsuit coveralls trousers and
harness.
NWSH recommendations to prevent back over injuries and fataceteces – Provides
recommendations for employees and include topics such as equipment operation and servicing
communication and training.
NIOSH construction equipment visibility – Discusses the national institute of occupations safety
and health's (NIOSH) efforts to reduce the number of workers struck by road construction
equipment.
Know the bund sports – This illustrates hazards
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36.
37. The Basic Level For A Good Programmer
Abstract of the Project: The compilers are the softwares which translates the computer language
(source code) into a language more basic to the machine level. The languages such as C, C++, etc
are some famous compilers. In this project, the main concept was about the understanding of
compilers but the best way to explain was with the help of famous and easy Object Oriented
Programming language C++.
The project gives the vivid and simple view of C++ from the most basic level to the required high
level for a good programmer. The project can be treated as a book on C++ in simple language by the
student for the student. The project later on comprises of topics from the basic level – Identifiers
and keywords, Data types, operators and types of operators then to an upper level – Operator
Overloading, Polymorphism, Inheritance, Encapsulation, Constructors and Destructors, Inline
functions, etc. All the topics are discussed precisely and in simple language with suitable examples.
1. Introduction:
A compiler is a computer program that translates a computer program written in one computer
language (source language) into an equivalent program written in another computer language (target
language). Interpreter is similar to compiler but interpreter compiles line by line while compiler
compiles as a whole. Examples: C, C++, BASIC, COBAL, etc. The C programming language has
been used for last few decades for almost all the applications. Recently, the C++ with Object
Oriented
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38.
39. Optimal Power Flow Using Differential Evolution Algorithm...
Optimal Power Flow Using Differential Evolution Algorithm
S.Vidya Sagar Reddy Dr.P.Venkata Prasad, Professor
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering
Chaitanya Bharathi Institute Of Technology(Autonomous) Chaitanya Bharathi Institute Of
Technology(Autonomous)
Hyderabad, India Hyderabad, India vidyasagar.sabbella@gmail.com pvp_reddy@yahoo.co.uk
Abstract– This paper presents an efficient and reliable evolutionary based approach to solve the
optimal power flow(OPF) problem. The proposed approach employs differential evolution algorithm
for optimal settings of control variables. The proposed approach is examined and tested on the
standard IEEE 30–bus test system with fuel cost minimization as objective. The proposed approach
results are compared with the results reported in the literature. The results show the effectiveness
and robustness of the proposed approach.
Keywords– Optimal power flow · Differential evolution algorithm · Fuel cost minimization
I. INTRODUCTION
In the past two decades, the problem of optimal power flow (OPF) has received much attention. It is
of current interest of many utilities and it has been marked as one of the most operational needs. The
OPF problem solution aims to optimize a selected objective function via optimal adjustment of the
power system control variables, while at the same time satisfying various equality and inequality
constraints.
Because the optimal power flow problem is
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40.
41. Compilation of Mathematicians and Their Contributions
I. Greek Mathematicians
Thales of Miletus
Birthdate: 624 B.C.
Died: 547–546 B. C.
Nationality: Greek
Title: Regarded as Father of Science
Contributions: * He is credited with the first use of deductive reasoning applied to geometry. *
Discovery that a circle is bisected by its diameter, that the base angles of an isosceles triangle are
equal and that vertical angles are equal. * Accredited with foundation of the Ionian school of
Mathematics that was a centre of learning and research. * Thales theorems used in Geometry:
1. The pairs of opposite angles formed by two intersecting lines are equal. 2. The base angles of an
isosceles triangle are equal. 3. The sum of the angles in a triangle is 180°. 4. An angle ... Show more
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The attribution is held to be anachronistic however by J J O'Connor and E F Robertson who name
Theon of Alexandria as a more likely author. 4. Phaenomena, a treatise on spherical astronomy,
survives in Greek; it is quite similar to On the Moving Sphere by Autolycus of Pitane, who
flourished around 310 BC.
* Famous five postulates of Euclid as mentioned in his book Elements
1. Point is that which has no part. 2. Line is a breadthless length. 3. The extremities of lines are
points. 4. A straight line lies equally with respect to the points on itself. 5. One can draw a straight
line from any point to any point.
* The Elements also include the following five common notions: 1. Things that are equal to the
same thing are also equal to one another (Transitive property of equality). 2. If equals are added to
equals, then the wholes are equal. 3. If equals are subtracted from equals, then the remainders are
equal. 4. Things that coincide with one another equal one another (Reflexive Property). 5. The
whole is greater than the part.
Plato
42. Birthdate: 424/423 B.C.
Died: 348/347 B.C.
Nationality: Greek
Contributions: * He helped to distinguish between pure and applied mathematics by widening the
gap between arithmetic, now called number theory and logistic, now called arithmetic. *
Founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the
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43.
44. Improvement On Coexistence Of Lte Macro / Femtocell 's...
Improvement on coexistence of LTE Macro / Femtocell's Adaptive Interference Draining using
Rectangular Antenna's
ABSTRACT
The concentration of small cells in a network increases; measures need to be taken in order to ensure
that the QoS is not degraded for the macrocell users as well as its nearest small cells. Interference
managing in Heterogeneous Network in critical position .This is characteristically attained
completed bright resource allocation schemes for small cells. In Heterogeneous Network, the mobile
network is constructed with layers of small and large cells. This architecture is faced with the task of
supply allocation (power, channel, time) for small cells in order to guarantee reliable and high
quality service to both primary (macrocell) users as well as secondary (femtocell) users. In mobile
network all users can be considered as nomadic, in the form of microcells, hot–spots, circulated
antennas and relays becomes predictable. Therefore, for the deployment of the LTE systems the
FAPs get a critical inspiring subject, mostly relating to the technical and business influences that it
could signify and the method they could be combined efficiently into the LTE building.
The proposed solution aims to minimalize the cross–tier interference leaked to the femtocells while
providing the macrocell users with a minimum received signal to interference plus noise ratio
(SINR) at the macrocell base station (MBS). Intra–tier femtocell
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45.
46. What's New in SharePoint 201
Explore Microsoft SharePoint 2013
Microsoft Corporation Published: October 2012 Author: Microsoft Office System and Servers Team
(itspdocs@microsoft.com)
Abstract
This book provides information about what 's new in SharePoint 2013. The audiences for this book
include application specialists, line–of–business application specialists, and IT administrators who
want to know more about SharePoint 2013. The content in this book is a copy of selected content in
the SharePoint 2013 technical library as of the publication date. For the most current content, see the
technical library on the web.
This document is provided as–is. Information and views expressed in this document, including
URL and other Internet website references, may ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
7 External list enhancements ................................................................................................................
8 Performance improvements in external lists ................................................................................ 8
Limiting records returned by the external system ....................................................................... 8
Data source filtering ......................................................................................................................... 9
Sorting external lists ........................................................................................................................ 9
Export external lists to Excel .......................................................................................................... 9
Business Connectivity Services in SharePoint Online enhancements ....................................... 9
REST (CSOM) object model for Microsoft Business Connectivity Services for web and mobile app
developers .................................................................................................................. 10 Business
Connectivity Services Client Runtime supports side–by–side Office 2010 and Office 2013
installations ........................................................................................................................... 10 OData
Windows
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47.
48. The Developmental History Of Nosql And The Fundamental...
Abstract
The demands on database technology have been ever expanding since its introduction in the 1960's.
Today traffic on the internet requires that millions upon millions of records be stored and queried
each second. Data must be highly available and quickly retrievable. These requirements put together
have given rise to new forms of database technologies collectively called NoSQL or Not Only
SQL. NoSQL eschews the strict guidelines that govern the creation and function of traditional
relational databases. These guidelines are put aside in order to rise to the new demands of an
increasingly interconnected world. The rigorous standards and data definitions of relational
databases give way in order to provide the ability to rapidly ... Show more content on
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NoSQL is able to address the massive traffic loads experienced by database servers at corporations
that specialize in data processing like Google, Facebook and Amazon. NoSQL technologies can
provide near constant availability, massive user concurrency and lightning fast responses. There are
four primary NoSQL database implementation types being used today: document based, wide
column (or columnar), key–value and graph. The different properties of SQL and NoSQL databases
will be examined and an overview of each NoSQL implementation type along with an example will
be given.
ACID v. BASE: Eventual consistency Standard SQL databases adhere to what are commonly called
the ACID properties. This means that the database must be atomic, consistent, isolated and
durable. Atomic means that each attribute cannot be broken into sub groups. Consistent means that
the database displays only the latest data; there are no older versions of data present within the
database unless by design. Isolated means that no transactions will interfere with one another; i.e.
two concurrent users changing the same data in the database will not end with incorrect results; the
transactions will be processed separately. Durable means that once changes have been made they
will remain in place and not revert to their prior state (Pritchett, 2008). The ACID properties can be
crucial to certain business models; financial transactions might require
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49.
50. Assessing Conceptual Understanding of Rational Numbers Essay
Assessing Conceptual Understanding of Rational Numbers and Constructing a Model of the
Interrelated Skills and Concepts
Students continue to struggle to understand rational numbers. We need a system for identifying
students' strengths and weaknesses dealing with rational numbers in order to jump the hurdles that
impede instruction. We need a model for describing learning behavior related to rational numbers –
prerequisite skills and development of rational number sense – that is dynamic and allows for
continuous growth and change. It would inform us of the important background knowledge that
students bring with them and the prior experiences that influence their level of understanding. It
would further enable us to assess students' ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What is being suggested is to bring it all together in a practical way. Briefly highlighting various
assessments and reports that have identified and highlighted the importance of conceptual
understanding enables one to trace back to the hatching of the idea. In addition, outlining the
course that got us to where we are today, trying to determine what it means to understand something
and how understanding can be assessed assists us in continuing that course of action in the right
direction.
In 1980, recommendations were made by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics for
reforming mathematics instruction in An Agenda for Action. These recommendations were based on
results of the second National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) and on data collected by
the National Science Foundation (NSF) largely from a study called Priorities in School
Mathematics (PRISM). Specifically in the area of fractions, NAEP contended that students'
inability to compute with fractions was the result of dependence on rote memorization of algorithms
and a focus strictly on routine problems. Among eight recommendations, An Agenda for Action
called for problem solving to be the focus of school mathematics in the 80's and basic skills in
mathematics to be more than computational fluency. The fourth NAEP showed improvement, but
indicated that mathematics instruction still lacked depth,
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51.
52. Modern Audit Ch10 Solution Essay
Chapter 10
Assessing Control Risk / Tests of Controls
|Learning Check |
10–1. a. Assessing control risk is the process of evaluating the effectiveness of an entity's internal
controls in preventing or detecting material misstatements in the financial statements.
b. Control risk should be assessed in terms of individual financial statement assertions.
10–2. In assessing control risk for an assertion, the auditor should perform the following five steps:
1. Consider knowledge acquired from procedures to obtain an understanding about whether controls
pertaining to the assertion have been designed and placed in operation by the entity's management.
2. Identify the potential ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, the auditor must perform direct tests of application controls in order to assess control risk
below a high level.
10–8. a. The advantages of using computer assisted audit technique in performing tests of controls
include: A significant part of the entity's system of internal controls is imbedded in computer
programs. There are significant gaps in the visible audit trail. There are large volumes of records to
be tested.
b. The major disadvantages of using computer–assisted audit techniques are the special knowledge
and skills required, and the possible disruption of the client's IT operations while the auditor uses IT
equipment, programs and files. The auditor must also test the effectiveness of manual follow–up
procedures in order to determine how effectively the computer controls are at preventing or
detecting and correcting misstatements in assertions.
10–9. The advantages of parallel simulation include the following: Because real data are used, the
auditor can verify the transactions by tracing them to source documents and approvals. The size of
the sample can be greatly expanded at relatively little additional cost. The auditor can independently
run the test.
The disadvantages
55. Image And Image Of Image Enhancement
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Image processing refers to the construction of an image for further analysis and use. Image taken by
a camera or same techniques are not actual in a form that can be used by image analysis process.
The technique involves in image enhancement need to be simplified, enhanced, filtered, altered,
segmented or need improvement to reducing noise, etc. Image processing is the collection of
routines and techniques that alter, improve, enhance or simplify an image. Image enhancement is
one of the important parts of digital image processing where image undergo for visual inspection or
for machine analysis without knowledge of its source of degradation. The processes involve to bring
out specific application of an image so that the result is more suitable that the original image. Image
can be enhanced in various ways such as contrast enhancement, intensity, density slicing, edge
enhancement, removal of noise, and saturation transformation.[1]
Over several past years, contrast image enhancement has generated across many applications like
robot sensing, electronic products, fault detection, medical image analysis, etc. Thus, increasing in
popularity of contrast enhancement of images has forces researchers to study their enhancement
techniques and their effectiveness for the interpretability or perception of human viewers. Contrast
enhancement is a vital part of various fields, such as X–ray image analysis, biomedical image
analysis, machine vision where pixel
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56.
57. The Importance of Implementing Ergonomics Aspect for...
THE IMPORTANCE OF IMPLEMENTING ERGONOMICS ASPECT FOR MANUFACTURING
COMPANY SECTION–I INTRODUCTION In the manufacture industry, companies always facing
problems related with the effort to determine appropriate job design that can increase the
productivity of the employee. The job design itself constitutes of an approach to arrange and or
specifies the task that constitutes a job for an individual or a group. According to Heizer and Render
(2006) the job design activities consist of seven components: (1) job specialization, (2) job
expansion, (3) psychological components, (4) self–directed teams, (5) motivation and incentive
system, (6) ergonomics and work methods, and (7) the visual workplace. One of the problems in the
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The reason is that our 98.6˚F body temperature is maintained by the burning of fuel (food) in a
normal external environment of lower temperatures. Many organization now, instead of heating their
work areas during colds period of the year also use air conditioner during the hot (or smoggy) period
of the year. Even advance technological equipment often requires close environmental monitoring of
temperatures. For the human, however, temperature is not the only important environmental
variable. Figure 1. Temperature–humidity comfort zone 90 Comfort Zone 80 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Humidity Illumination The proper lighting of the workforce, in intensity, contrast, and color, is an
important element of work design. Few things are irritating as not being able to see what you are
doing. Table 1 list the accepted illumination levels of various situations and task based on American
Illumination Engineering Society Standards. Worker generally prefer natural to artificial light,
perhaps as much for claustrophic reason as anything else. But natural light varies considerably in
intensity, from 800 foot candles on a bright
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58.
59. Heritage Notation Assessment
Property Values
The affects of Heritage notation orders
Detailed analysis
23rd April 2012
Contents
Abstract Introduction What is Heritage Significance? What is a Heritage notation order? What are
the benefits of heritage listing? What does a heritage listing entail? How is the community affected?
What are the disadvantages of heritage listing? The role of local government planning. The role of
the Commonwealth. The positive impact of heritage listing on value. The negative impact of
heritage listing on value Conclusion References 3 4 5 5 7 8 8 9 11 12 12 13 14 15
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Property Values
2
Abstract
When determining Heritage property values, multiple factors must be taken into consideration both
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many areas are sought after due to their streetscape, environmental landscape and location to
transport facilities. Our heritage gives us a sense of living history and provides a physical link to the
work and way of life of earlier generations. It enriches our lives and helps us to understand who we
are today.
Property Values
4
1. What is Heritage Significance?
The concept of heritage significance is based upon an idea that a place or an artefact may be
historic, scientific, aesthetic or social value for the past, present and future generations. The state of
New South Wales has two main types of heritage listings known as conservation areas and heritage
60. items. An item listed as heritage identifies that a place or object has some heritage significance.
There are four main permitted lists for heritage listings, for places that are local such as a council
district, state–wide, Australia–wide and internationally. Local items of heritage significance are
listed on Local Environment Plans, at the local council. The State Heritage Register lists our State's
most significant heritage places. The Nationale Heritage List contains details of Australia–wide
heritage items or places. The World Heritage List contains items of world wide significance. There
is currently 936 properties listed as outstanding universal value. Heritage places gathered from all
lists combined demonstrate and illustrate the unique history of NSW and Australia. As physical links
to
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61.
62. Vhdl
Verilog HDL: A Guide to Digital Design and Synthesis, Second Edition By Samir Palnitkar
Publisher: Prentice Hall PTR Pub Date: February 21, 2003 ISBN: 0–13–044911–3 Pages: 496
Written for both experienced and new users, this book gives you broad coverage of Verilog HDL.
The book stresses the practical design and verification perspective ofVerilog rather than
emphasizing only the language aspects. The informationpresented is fully compliant with the IEEE
1364–2001 Verilog HDL standard. Describes state–of–the–art verification methodologies Provides
full coverage of gate, dataflow (RTL), behavioral and switch modeling Introduces you to the
Programming Language Interface (PLI) Describes logic synthesis methodologies Explains ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
X Window System is a trademark of X Consortium, Inc. The publisher offers discounts on this book
when ordered in bulk quantities. For more information, contact: Corporate Sales Department,
Prentice Hall PTR, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. Phone: 800–382–3419; FAX:
201– 236–7141. E–mail: corpsales@prenhall.com. Production supervisor: Wil Mara Cover designer:
Nina Scuderi Cover design director: Jerry Votta Manufacturing manager: Alexis R. Heydt–Long
Acquisitions editor: Gregory G. Doench Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
SunSoft Press A Prentice Hall Title
4
Dedication
To Anu, Aditya, and Sahil, Thank you for everything. To our families, Thank you for your constant
encouragement and support. ― Samir
5
About the Author
Samir Palnitkar is currently the President of Jambo Systems, Inc., a leading ASIC design and
verification services company which specializes in high–end designs for microprocessor,
networking, and communications applications. Mr. Palnitkar is a serial entrepreneur. He was the
founder of Integrated Intellectual Property, Inc., an ASIC company that was acquired by Lattice
Semiconductor, Inc. Later he founded Obongo, Inc., an e–commerce software firm that was acquired
by AOL Time Warner, Inc. Mr. Palnitkar holds a Bachelor of Technology in Electrical Engineering
from Indian Institute of Technology,
65. Strengths And Weaknesses Of Speech Recognition
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
People use calculators to perform calculations that have a numeric keypad to input the data and a
display to get the result. To overcome this, speech signal can be used to input the data and the result
is an audio signal.
Speech is the vocalized form of human communication. It ranges from 90 Hz to 7,000 Hz. Each
spoken word is created out of the phonetic combination of a limited set of vowel and consonant
speech sound units. The voiced speech of a typical adult male will have a fundamental frequency
from 85 to 180 Hz, and that of a typical adult female from 165 to 255 Hz. Thus, the fundamental
frequency of most speech falls below the bottom of the voice frequency band as defined above.
Speech recognition is a process ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Generally the more traing, the higher the perfromance of the system for virtually any task. The
reference pattern are sensitive to the speaking environment and transmission characteristics of the
medium used to create the speech, this is because the speech spectral characteristics are affected by
transmission and background noise. No speech–specific knowledge is used explicitly in the system;
hence the method is relatively in sensitive to choice of vocabulary words, task, syntax, and task
semantics. The computational load for both pattern training and pattern classification is generally
linearly proportional to the number of patterns being trained or recognized. Hence computation for a
large number of sound classes could and often does become prohibitive. Because the system is
insensitive to sound class, the basic techniques are applicable to a wide range of speech sounds,
including phrases, whole words and sub word units. The basic set of techniques developed for one
sound class (e.g., words) can generally be directly applied to different sound classes (e.g., subword
units) with little or no modifications to the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
66.
67. Image And Image Of Image Enhancement
INTRODUCTION
Image processing refers to the construction of an image for further analysis and use. Image taken by
a camera or same techniques are not actual in a form that can be used by image analysis process.
The technique involves in image enhancement need to be simplified, enhanced, filtered, altered,
segmented or need improvement to reducing noise, etc. Image processing is the collection of
techniques in which implementation is done for industrial applications to resolve various issues that
alter, improve, enhance or simplify an image. Image enhancement is one of the important parts of
digital image processing where image undergo for visual inspection or for machine analysis without
knowledge of its source of degradation. The processes involve in enhancement techniques to bring
out specific application of an image so that the result is satisfactory which more visible as compare
to original image. Image can be enhanced in various ways such as contrast enhancement, intensity,
density slicing, edge enhancement, removal of noise, and saturation transformation.[1]
Over several past years, contrast image enhancement has generated across many applications like
robot sensing, electronic products, fault detection, medical image analysis, etc. Thus, increasing in
popularity of contrast enhancement of images has forces researchers to study their enhancement
techniques and their effectiveness for the interpretability or perception of human viewers. Contrast
enhancement is a
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
68.
69. Designing a New Programming Language
The objective of this project is to design a programing language by using basic common qualities
from two different programing languages. This presentation should illustrate the features of the
various programing languages currently used in the industry and this common capabilities. The
constant of this experiment is the comparison and use object oriented programing languages. After
analysis create a programing language with the same structures and variables. Further define the
classes of the language such as its attributes and characteristics. The language executed basic
algorithmic solutions. Therefore when I created controls and data structures also finding means to
express algorithms I was able to create a programing language. The variables in this projects were
the stored values such as strings and integers. If I was to do this experiment in the future or expand
on this experiment I would define and organize my experimental data structures differently.
A programming language is an artificial language which gives instruction that is carried out by a
computer. The researcher chose this project to understand and learn about Programming language
design, structure and computer software development. The researcher wanted to find out how object
oriented programing languages work, their processing, how they are designed to complete tasks and
how they affect the software development. In his investigation, he researched the basic common
qualities of an object oriented programs
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70.
71. Annotated Bibliography : Searching Web
Overview – Searching web When many student go on and search on the web, the web can bring up
false information which can lead the student to get the wrong ideas. Search engines are so simple,
you just type in couple of words and it can bring thousands and millions of answers or information.
Google for example has 3+ billion URL's to search in, common words such as a, an, in, to, the are
not searched since they are so common. The way that the engines work is once you type in the word
or phrase the engines send out a software program known as spider, crawler or robot. Figure 1 –
Spider (referred to spider/crawlers) What the spider does is it works none stop to retrieve
information so that when the user searches for something, they will get the information they
searched for. There is also the returned information that is given every time when a word or a phrase
is searched. The number that is given for every search shows how many times it has be searched or
used before on the web. The engines have operators Boolean and Logical, these two operators are
like filters. Boolean works symbols such as +/– signs that allow you to place with the searched word
or phrase what it does is; filters that only web results with searched word are shown. The Logical
operators implement and, or and not in the search engines. In short the operators are created to
narrow your search result, or possibly widen. Searching on the web the student must know that
having to use fully sentences
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72.
73. Dynamic Composition Of Distributed System Or Multi Agent
Dynamic composition in distributed system or multi–agent system has long time been a hot field in
research community. This report investigates some models and languages which have been
developed in recent years and used to model multi–agent and distributed system. By comparing their
advantages and drawbacks, some proposals are given for possible future research. Author Keywords
Coordination language, Linda, GALS, SystemJ I. INTRODUCTION In recent years, with the
popularity of service orientation architecture, many modern business applications adhere to the
paradigms of service orientation and service oriented architectures in order to create loosely
coupled, modular software systems, which is easy to be maintained and extended. In the field of
automation and control systems, SOA–based flexibility is of even more interest, because it
contributes not only to substantial reductions of installation and setup costs. These costs are of
particular importance since manufacturing plants again and again have to be adapted to new
products resulting in changes of the technical equipment and the process flows performed. One of
the proposed approaches to achieve this goal is the creation of new services by composing already
existing ones, instead of building up everything from scratches. This is called process service
composition. Service composition facilitates the creation of innovative services that suit the end–
user needs, with a reduced time to–market and better component reuse.
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74.
75. 4 Pilars of Object Oriented Design
De La Salle University–Dasmariñas College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology
Engineering Department– CPE FOUR PILARS OF OBJECT ORIENTED DESIGN HOMEWORK
NO.3 Submitted By: Depone, Carmela R. CPE52 Submitted To: Mr. Dwight Sabio Instructor Date
Submitted: August 4, 2014 ABSTRACTION A model of a complex system that includes only the
details essential to perspective of the viewer of the system or Only the characteristics of the system
that are essential to the problem being studied are modelled; minor or irrelevant details are ignored.
Example and Explanation * An abstraction is a model of a complex system that includes only the
essential details. * Abstractions are the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, in one way, inheritance actually breaks encapsulation! * As already mentioned,
Encapsulation is the process of packaging classes into the public interface and the private
implementation. * In essence, a class hides everything that is not necessary for other classes to know
about. * It makes a case that when using inheritance, Encapsulation is inherently weakened within a
class hierarchy, Because it introduces a specific risk as Inheritance connotes strong encapsulation
with other classes but weak encapsulation between a superclass and its subclasses. * The problem is
that if you inherit an implementation from a super class and then change that implementation, the
change from the super class ripples through the class hierarchy. * This rippling effect potentially
affects all the subclasses. At first, this might not seem like a major problem; however, as we have
seen, a rippling effect such as this can cause unanticipated problems. * For example, testing can
become a nightmare. * But with proper implementation of Encapsulation makes testing systems
easier. Reference [1] Encapsulation, updated last April, 2014, Available: http://guruzon.com/1/oop–
concepts/encapsulation/what–is–encapsulation–example–tutorial–how–to–use INHERITANCE
Inheritance as its name implies, involves inheriting attributes and behaviours from other
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76.
77. Virtual Network Architecture For Cloud Computing Essay
Sangeeta Wankhade, Dipti Patil Information Technology, Mumbai University Pillai Institute Of
Information Technology Mumbai, India sangeeta.wankhade@vpt.edu.in, dpatil@mes.ac.in Green
Virtual Networks for Cloud Computing Abstract– Information and communication technology (ICT)
profoundly impact on environment because of its large amount of CO2 emissions. In the past years,
the research field of green and low power consumption is of great importance for both
service/network providers and equipment manufacturers. An emerging technology called cloud
computing can increase the utilization and efficiency of hardware equipment. It can potentially
reduce the global CO2 emission. In this paper, we propose a virtual network architecture for cloud
computing. In this paper Modified best fit decreasing algorithm (MBFD) is discuss for reduce the
energy consumption . This paper presents a methodology for power and energy reduction in general
purpose microprocessors, which is known as dynamic voltage frequency scaling (DVFS). The
DVFS technique can be considered as an effective mechanism for reducing processor power and
energy. In the last decade a lot of works have been done during the hardware and software
implementation. In this paper a proposed control loop of DVFS technique has been introduced. The
objective is to build a green virtual network in cloud computing. Keywords– Cloud computing,
Virtualization, DVFS, PABFD INTRODUCTION Cloud computing is an evolving technology
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78.
79. Is Data Mining A Detection Process?
Data mining is a detection process that allows users to comprehend the substance and relationships
amid the data. Data architect/designer punctiliously defines entities and relationships from
operational or data warehouse system. The conclusion of data mining can be used to intensify the
efficacy of performance from the users. Data mining uses various techniques such as inductive logic
programming, pattern recognition, image analysis, bioinformatics, spatial data analysis, decision
support systems etc. for this sort of analysis. Among these methods, clustering is the most
significant and extensively used method. Clustering is utmost prevalent technique that tries to isolate
data into dissimilar groups such that same–group data points are alike in its characteristics with
respect to a referral point, where as data points of different–groups varies in its characteristics. Such
dissimilar groups are labeled as clusters. These clusters consist of several analogous data or objects
relating to a referral point [15]. Darwin 's theory inspired Genetic algorithms development. GA is
evolved to resolve solution to this problem. Algorithm starts with a set of solutions (chromosomes)
known as population. Outcomes from a population are taken and used to structure a new population.
This is aggravated by optimism, and the new population will better the old. Chosen solutions are
used to form new solutions (offspring) which are selected according to their fitness values– the more
apposite
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80.
81. Types Of Conbols And Definition
C CONSTANTS
These are also known as literals and are defined as the fixed values. This means they cannot be
altered. They may be floating type, integer type, character type etc. It may also be defined as
Variables, but there values cannot be changed.
The string literals are written in the double quotes. These characters may be plain characters or may
be escape characters also.
Defining Constants
The #define Preprocessor
It is one of the way to define constants as...
#define value of identifier
Example illustrating as....
#include
#define VARIABLE ONE 20
#define VARIABLE TWO 60
#define NEWLINE 'n' int main() { int ADD; ADD = VARIABLE ONE + VARIABLE TWO;
printf(value of ADD : %d, ADD); printf(%c, NEWLINE);
return ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Just as in case of mathematics we can make calculations, similarly here also we can do same. It may
also be noted that it is one of the simplest task that the C programming performs. There are
following types of operators as...
Arithmetic Operators
It performs the simple mathematical addition, subtraction, division, modulus, multiplication,
incremental and decrement operators. Example illustrating it as....
#include int main()
{
int a = 11; int b = 110; int c ; c = a + b; printf(addition is %dn, c ); c = a – b; printf(subt. is
%dn, c ); c = a * b; printf(multip. c is %dn, c ); c = b / a; printf(div. is %dn, c ); c = a % b;
printf(modulus is %dn, c ); c = a++; printf(inc. is %dn, c ); c = a––; printf(decr. is %dn, c );
}
82. Result...
sum is 121 sub. is –99 multip. is 1210 div. is 10. modulus is 0 inc. is 12 dec. is 10
Relational Operators
This simply relates the operators as which includes greater than, less than, not equal to, greater than
or equal to, less than or equal to as....
#include int main()
{
int a = 21; int b = 10; int c ; if( a == b ) { printf(a is equal to bn ); } else { printf(a is not equal to
bn ); } if ( a b ) { printf(a is less than bn ); } else { printf(a is not less than bn ); } if ( a b )
{ printf(a is greater than bn ); } else { printf(a is not greater than bn ); }
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
83.
84. The Hawala Extortion Method
HAWALA INTRODUCTION [pic] Among the methods terrorists worldwide use to move money
from regions that finance them to target countries some hardly leave any traceable trail. As
regulators learned recently, one of the weak points in the payments chain through which illicit funds
can enter is a system of traditional trust–based banking originating in southern Asia which is known
as hawala. The word hawala is Hindi meaning trust or exchange. Often used in relation with the
word hundi which stands for bill of exchange hawala is an unofficial alternative remittance and
money exchange system enabling the transfer of funds without their actual physical move.
Traditional financial institutions may be involved ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For instance, in May and June 2001 the State Bank of Pakistan was said to have turned to hawala
shops in Islamabad to buy dollars in order to support the own currency. Even top–ranking Western
corporations turn to hawaladers for transactions to regions without a modern western–style banking
system. In several OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) member
countries, licensed traders legally perform hawala. OECD Member Countries (And Year of joining)
|Australia (1971) |Austria (1961) |Belgium (1961) | |Canada (1961) |Czech Republic (1995)
|Denmark (1961) | |Finland (1969) |France (1961) |Germany (1961) | |Greece (1961) |Hungary
(1996) |Iceland (1961) | |Ireland (1961) |Italy (1961) |Japan (1964) | |The Netherlands (1961) |New
Zealand (1973) |Norway (1961) | |Poland (1996)
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