Elastic Potential Energy In Tennis Players

Elastic Potential Energy In Tennis Players
As the tennis server prepares to swing their racket in the serve, they bend their knees, which stores elastic potential energy in their legs. This elastic
potential energy is also referred to as strain energy. As the legs are bent the muscles and tendons are stretched in a way that stores this strainenergy
(biochmechanics). The greater the bend and stretching in the legs, the greater the power generated as the legs are extended(biomechanics). As the tennis
player extends their legs this elastic potential energy is converted to kinetic energy and a ground reaction force is generated. This ground reaction force
can also be called normal force. As the player extends their legs the tennis court ground in contact with their feet is compressed
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Control The Azimuth Angle Of An Anti Aircraft Gun
Abstract: The goal of this project is to control the azimuth angle of an anti aircraft gun. Anti aircraft gun is a type of counter measure gear used to
fire tracer rounds to the hostile aircraft. It is a fixed ground gun system which can rotate in azimuth as well as in horizon. It can track the tail of an
airship and hunt it down. The first effective anti aircraft gun was used in world war I. But, the most drawback was that, it was human controlled thus
human casualties was high. To dominate over the battlefield and reduce the human casualties an automated anti aircraft gun system is a must. In
Bangladesh military the artillery division uses Type 55/Type 65/Type 75 anti aircraft gun, but they all are human controlled. So, this project can help
developing automated anti aircraft gun that can be used for Bangladesh military and they can keep pace with the other warlords. Introduction: The anti
aircraft gun system can sense the location of the hostile object which is at rest or in motion. The exact location or trajectory is fed to the system every
time until the gun nose is along the enemy tail. So, there should be a continuous sensing feedback mechanism. According to sensor input the actuator
will act to the desired position. During an air assault it is very dangerous for a soldier to operate the countermeasure gear. One hand he has to keep
tracking the airship, other hand he needs to keep himself alive from enemy fire. This will distract him from aiming the ship accurately.

Dance Physics Laws
This report will be focusing how some physics laws apply on the sport of figure skating.
Friction is "the force that opposes the motion of an object." (study.com)
For figure skates to be able to glide across the ice, the ice needs to be almost frictionless.
There is a thin layer of water on the ice rink that is formed when the blades glide over ice (blades melted ice as heat generated) which acts as a
lubricant in between the ice and blades of ice skates; giving very little resistance to skaters. If there wasn't a thin layer of water on the ice, it would be
like skating on concrete.
An ice resurfacer (aka zamboni) is usually used to achieve this. It covers ice with a thin layer of water which will eventually freeze and form a
smooth layer of ice, which will reduce friction between the blade and ice. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is also to reduce the amount of friction as there is only little surface area. If the blades were wide (bigger surface area) it would increase friction
which would make it difficult to glide on ice.
However, friction is needed for skaters to be able to move as the Newton's 1st law states that an object in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted
on by a force (inertia). They can create friction with their blades. When they push off against the ice, they move the opposite direction that they push,
so they can move across the ice. Newton's 3rd law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite

Catapulting though Time & Physics Essay
Catapulting though Time & Physics
Hurling an object towards one's enemy may seem as old as time itself. People have hurled fists at each other, thrown spears, and launched giant rocks
into enemy territory. The use of catapults, and other objects that hurl projectiles, also seem as old as human civilization itself. The effectiveness of the
catapult in flinging objects over a great distance and causing destruction is due to a few basic physics principals that govern force, energy, motion,
speed and mass to name a few. The design of the catapult denotes a change in modern warfare to the engineer behind weapons being just as important
as the actual soldiers and people who use them.
Projectile–throwing machines are found in three main ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We can look at the catapult as a lever which is meant to change direction and/or multiply the force that is applied to the projectile. A lever has three
locations: the fulcrum, on which the lever arm rotates; the load, where the mass is located on the lever arm; and the effort, where the force, a push
or pull, is applied (Vogel 178). It is meant to throw an object a certain horizontal distance in a certain, short time frame so that its impact would be
greater than just a human hurling a giant rock at a building. We might intrinsically know this. "Probably no mechanical device is older than the lever;
simple and versatile, it's no doubt older than we humans," mentions Steve Vogel in Cat's Paws and Catapults (Vogel 178). If a larger kid jumps from a
tree onto a seesaw with a smaller child will be launched into the air. The physics principals that govern the catapult also govern force, mass, speed and
acceleration, rotational motion, and projectile motion. From these principals we find out what the optimum projectile mass, lever arm length, time, and
launch angle which would produce optimum speed, impact, and horizontal distance traveled by the projectile.
"Speeding up or slowing down anything that has mass takes force," according to Vogel and this means force must be applied to the projectile (Vogel
198). Force, merely a push or pull, is applied to the effort of the lever and is mass times acceleration, which we can

KaterвЂ™s Pendulum
Kater's Pendulum
Thomas Markovich and Kapil Chhabria
Departments of Physics University of Houston Houston, TX 77204–5006 (Dated: December 9, 2010)
We experimentally determined the local gravitational constant using Kater's Pendulum to provide the authors with experience in data analysis. In this
manuscript, we rigorously derive the relevant equations from п¬Ѓrst principles with the appropriate expressions for the experimental uncertainty. We
found that by assuming the periods were equal we were able to determine that g was 9.7993 В± 0.0010 m/s2 which was 0.0653 % from the known
value. If we took into account the period diп¬Ђerence, we found that g was 9.7982 В± 0.0083 m/s2 which is 0.0552 %. Both methods gave us results
well within our ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If we п¬Ѓrst begin by recognizing that Ic = mk 2 where k is the radius of gyration, we get that T1 = 2ПЂ and T2 = 2ПЂ
2 k 2 + l2 . dg 2 k 2 + l1 dg
(II.15)
(II.16)
(II.17)
FIG. 1. Kater's pendulum. I1 is the moment of inertia about K1 with l1 is the distance from the knife edge to the small weight and I2 is the moment of
inertia about K2 where w1 > w2
If we simply square our periods and solve for our radius of gyration in both equations, we п¬Ѓnd
2 4ПЂ 2 T 2 l1 в€’ T2 l2 = 1 2 . 2 g l1 в€’ l2
(II.18)
If we invert the system, we п¬Ѓnd that T1 = 2ПЂ and T2 = 2ПЂ

2 I + M I2 . M dg 2 Ic + M l1 M dg
(II.8)
2 g l2 в€’ l2 = 21 2 . 2 4П
Ђ T1 l1 в€’ T2 l2
(II.19)
This is a familiar algebraic form and we solve it by separating our equation into (II.9)
2 2 l1 в€’ l2 A B 2l в€’ T 2l = L + l в€’ l . T1 1 1 2 2 2
(II.20)
If we adjust the weights until the periods are equal, we simply get that
2 2 Ic + M l1 I + M I2 = M dg M dg
2 And after some algebra, we get that A+B = T1 and B2 A=в€’T2 and yields the following equation for g.
(II.10)
g=
8ПЂ 2
2 2 T1 +T2 L
+
2 2 T1 в€’T2 2l1 в€’L
(II.21)
3 This equation has an associated uncertainty of (в€‚T1 gО
ґT1 ) + (в€‚T2 gО
ґT2 ) + (в€‚L gО
ґL ) + (в€‚l1 gО
ґl1 ) (II.22) or Оґg = (
2 2 256ПЂ 4 в€’T2 + T1 2 2 О
ґl
2 2 T2 +T1 L

2
2
2
2
(2l в€’ L)4
2 2 в€’T2 +T1 2lв€’L
4
+ +
64ПЂ 4 +
2T1

Literature Review On Flywheel
Chapter 2
Literature review
2.1 Flywheel According to Christopher S. Putnam, a flywheel is merely a wheel fixed on an axle which stores and regulates energy by spinning
continuously. Flywheel storage systems are composed of five main mechanisms: flywheel, bearing, electrical machine, power converter and
containment chamber. Christopher further stated that the device is one of humanity's oldest and the true potential of the flywheel still has to be well
sized till today that's why there is ongoing research on flywheel storage systems. When a flywheel is spun up to very high speeds, it becomes a
reservoir for a massive amount of rotational energy, which can be drawn back or stored at will. In fact it becomes an electromechanical battery ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Material advancement have seen the FESS transform from low speed (6000 rpm) to much higher speeds (10 000 to 110 000 rpm) and safer systems
(Pena–Alzola, Sebastian, Quesada, & Colmenar, 2011). This speed increase adventures the quadratic improvements resulting from higher speeds
somewhat than those from higher mass. most of the flywheel capacity is stored in the higher velocity rotation At these speeds, so flywheel speeds are
hardly brought down below 50% of their maximum (Ragheb, 2013). A shift to lower density and higher tensile strength material is trending due to the
gains associated with high speeds. This materials include: aluminum alloys and graphite/carbon/glass fiber composites with added polymer (epoxy)
resin support matrices (Ragheb, 2013). System self–discharge rates are steadily being reduced by improvements in bearing. Bearings usually take this
combination: fluid, mechanical, electromagnetic, Ferro fluid, 8 181 superconducting, Energies 2015 and diamagnetic. Better mechanical lower speed
(20,000 to 40,000 rpm) bearings are being manufactured due to an advancement in materials (Liu, Jiang,

Figure Skating Competition Research
Slide 1
During a figure skating competition, many required elements must be included in the program for each skater. Depending on what level of
competition the skater is in, the techniques and difficulty increases. A triple axel is one of the most difficult figure skating jumps. The skater needs to
jump from the outside edge of his or her blade, while moving in a forward rotation, rotating three and a half revolutions in the air, and then landing on
the opposite foot which they took off from. A triple axel is a lot more complicated than performing a single or double axel because it requires an
enormous amount of strength to get high up enough to have time to spin, as well as the ability to rotate quickly.
A skater must balance the average ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From reducing the angular velocity, the skater won't continue to rotate once they have fallen back onto the ice. Instead, the skater will continue to
glide across the ice. This happens when the skater moves the position of their arms from being tucked into spreading them out to be able to keep their
movement of inertia, as well as, to balance themselves.
Slide 6
In summary, when landing a triple axel in figure skating, the skater should push off with their foot, creating a downward force, when driving down and
off the ice, torque is being set up to give him or her an angular impulse to be able to spin in the air. They bring their arms and legs in closely when in
the air, then spread them out, so they don't continue to turn and lose balance when they come back down to the ice. Finally, it is crucial for figure
skaters to create an enormous amount of height to be able even to attempt the triple

Trifilar Suspension
Trifilar Suspension
Summary
The polar moment of inertia for an assembly of solid objects was calculated using the trifilar suspension apparatus. The periodic time for the
experimental and theoretical results were analysed and compared in order to study the relationship between the mass moment of inertia and the mass of
an assembly.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction – page 3 2. Theory – page 4 – 7 3. Apparatus – page 8 4. Procedure – page 9 5. Results – page 10 – 11 6. Discussion – page 12 – 13 7.
Conclusion – page 14 8. References – page 14
Introduction
The moment of inertia I is a measure of the resistance of a body to angular acceleration [1]. An important factor as the resulting moment governs the
analysis ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Figure 3: Trifilar suspension
Figure 4: Platform arrangement
The solid objects consisted of three solid masses: 1. a cylindrical solid 2. a circular tube 3. a square hollow section
| Mass (kg)| Dimensions (mm)| Circular platform| 2.0| Г 600| Cylinder| 6.82| Г 126| Tube| 2.196| 78 I/D, 98 O/D| Square section| 2.503| A=100, t=6|
Table 2: Apparatus data
A wooden metre stick was used to measure the length of the chains and the radius of each solid object from the centre of the platform – accuracy В±
1mm. Stop watch – accuracy В± 0.01s.
Procedure
The trifilar suspension was assembled and the lengths of the chains were measured, recording their average length. In order to repeat the experiment,

applying the same amount of force each time, a tangential reference line was drawn on the circular platform and marked with a corresponding point on
the table.
At first, the period for five oscillations of an empty platform was recorded and repeated, noting the average time taken for one oscillation. The
platform was then assembled scattering the solid objects and noting their radius from the centre of the platform. Once again the period for five
oscillations was

How Does Frieda Escape Inertia
The love and companionship of Liza and Frieda enter the narrative as the only cures to the protagonists' stifling feeling of inertia. However, the men
are unable to escape inertia with their women and therefore slip back into the circular pattern of inertia as before. Bell presents the idea that, for the
Underground Man, "Liza can be seen as an indication of a truly viable alternative to the crystal palace, and consequently, also to the underground"
(Bell 142). Due to her willingness to listen to and connect with the Underground Man, Liza's love could have been the antidote to the Underground
Man's inert solitude. His agony waiting for her to come back to see her again is proven in his explicit desire to escape inertia, cry with her, and... Show
It was only through the continuation of their love that both of them would be able to combat inertia, which Pepi directly states when talking to K.
(Kafka 270). In both cases, both the men and the women understand their love as an escape. However, by giving money to Liza for her act of love,
the Underground Man destroys his opportunity to escape from his state of inertia (Dostoevsky 119–120). In K.'s case, his negligence of his love caused
her to abandon him. This moment destory's K.'s previous drive for progress: "I am tired, I long to be even more entirely unoccupied" (Kafka 268).
While previously he was inspired to work for her wellbeing, when Frieda leaves, K. loses his desire for working and explicitly embraces inertia in
longing to be "even more unoccupied" (Kafka 163). To cope with their loss of love, the two protagonists return to their inert state and try to
rationalize it as the best situation. The Underground Man sees his inertia as a thing to be proud of: the rest of the world is too cowardly to reject
society like he has (Dostoevsky 123). Even though his degradation is not pleasant, it is better than the Crystal Palace way of life, and he sees no
feasible other alternative, given that he threw away his one potential

How To Write A Research Paper On Bea Beam Miller
Beam launchers work on two phases, beam–placing and moving forwards. The beam–placing operates in two ways depending on where beams are
delivered. On one condition, that beams are delivered on the ground level, lifting trolley will pick them up directly by both ends. On the other
condition, that beams are delivered at abutment, by two trucks or other carriers at each side, the front trolley will pick up the front end of beams,
then the front end of beams will be released from carrier; the front trolley moves forward, simultaneously with another carrier and beams, until the
rear end of beams are at the same horizontal position of the rear trolley. The rear trolley will pick up the rear end of beams then, and once again the
beams will be released from carrier. After the trolley getting the beams at deck level, the latter will be placed onto the bearings. To be specific on
position control, trolleys move along the main girder/ main truss, and at other direction main girder/ main truss and move perpendicularly to span, and
vertical position can be handle by trolley themselve by adjusting length of wires.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The moving–forwards procedure is like: 1) move both of the lift trolleys right above the rear bracket; 2)lift up the rear legs; 3)main girder/ main
truss moving to next span, where front leg can just stand on the next pier cap; 4)put down the rear legs; 5) lift up the rear bracket, and move it to
appropiate position, then put it down; 6) move both lift trolleys right above the rear bracket; 7)lift up middle legs, and move it to the next pier cap,
then put it down; 8)lift up front legs and rear legs; 9) move the main girder/ main truss forwards to make the distance between rear legs to rear
bracket and the distance between middle leg to front legs are nearly same; 9)put down the rear legs. (also illustrated in "video"

Mousetrap Car Project
One of the most fun projects this year, building mousetrap racers. With this project, however, challenges arose. Attaching the wheels to the axles,
for example, presented a major problem. The dowel used was .75 inch and was too large to fit in the center of the DVD. Using washers and bolts
was thought of, but they proved to be too heavy. In the end, bottle caps and screws worked to secure the wheels to the axles. The bottle caps were
wide enough that when fitted against the DVD they wouldn't go through the hole. Another challenge was placing the mouse trap as far from the
drive axle as possible without impeding the car's movement. So an arm extension on the mousetrap was not constructed so upon snapping it would
not hit the front axle. The most innovative element used, in regards to vehicle design, was a cardboard box as a frame for the racer. Four holes (two
across from each other in the front and back) were punched for the axles. This idea was obtained upon finding a longer, narrow shoe box while
searching for a wooden dowel to use as an axle.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The racer moved, but not very far. Both runs resulted in distance of 1.45 meters traveled. So at least there was consistency. One problem was the
friction between the axles and the cardboard. The axles would catch, sometimes, on little pieces of cardboard poking out from the box. This problem
could be fixed by used wood, instead of cardboard as a frame or sanding the axles for a smoother finish, which would allow for them to rotate easier.
Also by not adding an arm onto the mouse trap, the torque produced was minimal. So to increase the torque generated by the mousetrap an arm could
have been mounted on the mousetrap which in turn would have caused the racer to travel

Beam Project
The goal of the beam project is to design and construct a beam that can hold a given amount of weight without breaking. The beam is required to hold
a concentrated load of 375 lbf on the X–axis and 150 lbf on the Y–axis. The maximum allowable weight of the beam is 250 grams. The maximum
allowable deflection for the beam is 0.230 in. and 0.200 in. for the X and Y–axis respectively. The beam is required to be 24 in. in length, and it will be
tested on a simply supported configuration spanning 21 in. All calculations are to be done under the assumption that the density of basswood is 28 lbm
/ft3 and the modulus of elasticity for basswood is 1.46x106 lbm/in2. Given the constraints of a spending cost of $10.50, a maximum beam weight of
250 grams, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When tested, the actual weight of the beam was 210 grams, the beams deflection on the x axis came out to be .169 in. and the y axis deflection
came out to be .137 in. In the calculations for the design of the beam, it was calculated that the beam would weigh around 233 grams however it
turned out to be nearly 23 grams lighter. One reason why the beam may have been so much lighter is because the actual density of the wood may
have varied from the theoretical density. Since wood is a natural product, it is not possible to determine the actual density unless the density was
calculated individually for each piece of wood which was not done in this experiment. The fact that the beam was lighter than anticipated may
have also accounted for a higher deflection than what was calculated. The deflection of the beam was expected to be .1086 in. with a 20% safety
factor included however the actual deflection ended up being .169 in. which could have been caused by the fact that the wood was not as dense
as expected. It may have been possible to achieve a higher efficiency factor by using a different proposed beam that weighed less than the one used
however that would have risked a significant increase in the deflection. It also would have been possible to achieve a lower deflection however that
would potentially lower the efficiency factor because it would have required larger, heavier pieces of lumber. The fact that the materials used for the
project were limited to coming from the 1201 lumber yard and the fact that the modulus of elasticity and density of the wood were assumed could all
be reasons as to why there were differences between the theoretical and experimental values. One way in which it may have been possible to achieve
test results that were closer to the calculated results would have been to calculate the true density of the wood. Another way to possibly enhance

Mass and Kinetic Energy Essay
Disk With Weight:
A 15 kg uniform disk of radius R = 0.25 m has a string wrapped around it, and a m = 3 kg weight is hanging on the string. The system of the weight
and disk is released from rest.
a) When the 3 kg weight is moving with a speed of 2.2 m/s, what is the kinetic energy of the entire system? KETOT= KEwheel+KEweight = (1
/2)(I)(w2)+(1/2)(m*v2) =(0.5* v2)(m+1/2M) =0.5*(2.2^2)*(3+(.5*15)) J
b) If the system started from rest, how far has the weight fallen? H = KETOT/MG = 0.5*(2.2^2)*(3+(.5*15))/(3*9.8) m
c) What is the angular acceleration at this point? Remember that a = О±R, or О± = a/R
Solve for acceleration by using ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Now, what is the translational kinetic energy of the sphere at the bottom of the incline? =mgh (because there's no KErot, this is what ends up
happening) 4.2*3.7sin(33)*9.8
Bar and Weights
A beam of mass mb = 10.0 kg, is suspended from the ceiling by a single rope. It has a mass of m2 = 40.0 kg attached at one end and an unknown
mass m1 attached at the other. The beam has a length of L = 3 m, it is in static equilibrium, and it is horizontal, as shown in the figure above. The
tension in the rope is T = 637 N.
a) Determine the unknown mass m1, at the left end of the beam. Sum of the forces = 0 because the system is in equilibrium, so we can do F= ma,
ma= 0, so F=0 m1g+m2g+m3g–Ft= 0 g(m1+m2+m3)=Ft m1= (Ft/g)–(m2+m3) 15
b) Determine the distance, x, from the left end of the beam to the point where the rope is attached. Note: take the torque about the left end of the beam.
=2.07

Hanging Sign
A sign has a mass of 1050 kg, a height h = 1 m, and a width W = 4 m. It is held by a light rod of length 5 m that is perpendicular to a rough wall. A guy
wire at 23В° to the horizontal holds the sign to the wall. Note that the distance from the left edge of the sign to the wall is 1 m.

Physics Of Angular Momentum Project
Kathleen Murphy
6/16/17
Walker
Physics of Angular Momentum Project
Angular Momentum: The Physics of Spinning
Although many know the physics of "spinning", not many people are aware of how angular momentum explains the physics of rotation. Now it is true
that all objects have a momentum, a product of mass and velocity. But similarly, the inertia of rotating objects is calledangular momentum. When a
direction is given to a rotational speed, we call this rotational velocity, and its vector is rotational speed. Therefore, angular momentum is the product of
rotational inertia and rotational velocity, or L=Iw. This equation can be used in physics to find the angular momentum of an extended object, with the I
being the inertia (kg x m2) the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An example of this would be a man with his arms extended, holding weights. If his arms are extended with weights on the end, his overall rotational
inertia is relatively large and as he turns, his angular momentum is the product of his rotational inertia and rotational velocity. If he pulls the weights
in, his rotational inertia is decreased, but his rotational speed increases. This concedes the idea of the law, that the smaller one part is, the larger the
other part must be. There are examples in sports too, like cheerleading. When a flyer in cheerleading is thrown and is going into her rotation, she isn't at
her fastest motion yet, but her ability to resist a change in motion is quite high. This ability to resist a change in motion is her inertia, which in our
case, is mass multiplied by radius squared. So while she has arms and legs extended before she fully rotates, she has less speed, but a longer radius
that allows her inertia to remain larger. When she is fully into the rotation with legs and arms fully tucked in, she has a smaller radius, but because of
the conservation of momentum, this loss of inertia must be made up in speed. So while the flyer is doing the hardest part of her trick, the real
rotation, her body is moving the fastest so that her lack of inertia can not affect the success of her move.
Now my final example is the figure skater, how do we explain mathematically why when her arms are extended she goes slower and when her arms
are pulled in she

The Effect Of The Slat System Essay
In order to gauge any effects the slat system, with various weights, may have on the shock wave, several baseline tests were run. These tests did
not have the device installed in order to record and understand the basic performance of a shock wave coming straight from the shock tube. To
record the pressure profile of the wave within the expansion section, GageScope was used. A trigger was set to detect a rapid rise in voltage from
the pressure transducer, and the program would record 1ms before and 10ms after the trigger. The initial baseline test can be seen in Figure X below.
For a greater focus on the effects of the device on the shock wave, all charts for comparison has been narrowed to 2ms after the trigger. The two
significant runs showing the pressure profile of the shock wave are shown in Figures X & Y.
Figure x: Baseline Test 1 Full Recording
Figure x: Baseline Test 1 – 2ms Recording
Figure x: Baseline Test 2
These figures show that the pressure rises from atmospheric (0mV) to peak pressure in a rise time of around 0.000039 seconds, or 39 Вµs. This is
representative of a shock wave due to a nearly instantaneous rise time. Baseline test 1 burst at 51 psi while baseline test 2 burst at 53 psi.
The initial design did not perform effectively at achieving its intended functions when installed and tested with the shock tube. Upon firing the shock
tube, the slats would not rotate. Several firings were attempted, all resulting in no rotation of the rods. The

Comparing Monster In Black Hole, And Stranger Things
Monster is one of the major themes that appear in American works of art, but there are no criteria on how the monster should be, either physically or
psychologically. Two pieces of art introduced in this unit are the comic "Black Hole" written by Charles Burns and the Netflix series "Stranger Things"
produced by the Duffer Brothers. Within these two productions, the main description and impression on monster are entirely different. Whereas
"Stranger Things" focus more on the super power of the Demogorgon, "Black Hole" instead emphasizes on the physical mutation that the monster
brings to human beings. During the fight against these monsters, several main characters stand out in front of the audience with their admirable
actions, pitiful experiences ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Initially, Hopper assumes Will is just running away from home like a typical teenage boy. He refuses to believe any word about the story
recounted by Joyce of how she communicated with her son throughout the light bulbs blinking on the wall. Things turned around as the chief finds
out the grisly secret of the Hawkins National Laboratory by cutting open "Will's" body and noticing that the body was stuffed with cotton. It is at
that moment that Hopper realizes that Will Byers might be still in dangers somewhere he makes up the mind to find him and send him back home
safely. The determination he makes is not merely because of his sense of responsibility of being the Police Chief. Hopper does not want Joyce to
feel the same pain he undertook after his loss of his daughter. As Joyce is getting more and more nervous and out of control, Hopper sees the
shadow of himself, a person being so gaunt and anxious, anytime and anywhere. Years ago, Hopper's daughter Sarah brutally died in the hospital
because of cancer. At the time, he was feeling so guilty and regretful of not taking care of his lovely child. Hopper was feeling helpless because
there was nothing he could do in front of the disease. However, right now, at least he can try his best to find out Will for Joyce not to experience the
same kind of pain. Moreover, it is a chance for him to redeem himself by saving another child with his

Designing A Control System For Underwater Gliders
Abstract:
This project deals with the designing a control system for Underwater Gliders. Among the Autonomous underwater vehicles, the most efficient ones are
the underwater gliders as they are driven by buoyancy and they spend much of their flight time in stable, steady motion. This project deals with the
modelling the control system for efficiently maneuvering the glider using the equations of motion for the underwater glider. After modelling the
system it is simulated with various inputs such as step, impulse and sine inputs. Then the system is checked for its stability by varying the parameters
related to the glider such as the mass of the actuator, buoyancy. The Pitch and translation along the Z– axis are the main degrees of freedom ... Show
These parameters are to be controlled for attaining a steady state motion. For this a control system needs to be designed which provides feedback in
response to the errors which are present in the state of motion. [1]
Mathematical Modelling of the System:
DC Servo Motor:
DC Servo Motor
Glider Modelling: The glider is considered to be a rigid body of mass mv. Under conditions of neutral buoyancy the vehicle displaces the fluid having
mass similar to that of the vehicle. Excess mass is defined as mМѓ= mv – m. The mass mМѓ is modified by an inflatable bladder, thus changing the
value of m by changing the displaced volume. For creating a dynamic model of the vehicle a reference frame is defined. This is body–fixed,
orthonormal reference frame which is centered at the geometric center of the vehicle and it is represented by unit vectors b1, b2 and b3. Now another
orthonormal reference frame is defined which is denoted by the unit vectors i1, i2, and i3, which are fixed in inertial space such that i3 is aligned with
the force due to gravity. The relative orientation of these two reference frames is given by the proper rotation matrix RIB, which maps the free
vectors from the body frame to the inertial frame. RIB in terms of conventional Euler angles (roll angle, pitch angle, and yaw angle). The location of
the body frame with respect to the inertial frame is given by

System of Particles and Rotational Motion Centre of Mass...
SYSTEM OF PARTICLES AND ROTATIONAL MOTION
CENTRE OF MASS AND ROTATIONAL MOTION
INTRODUCTION–
For describing the motion of rigid bodies, we shall introduce the key concept of 'centre of mass'. This concept enables us to understand how we can
apply justifiably the Newton's laws of motion, in essentially the same form to objects of large size including even the astronomical objects like the
planets and the stars.
KINDS OF MOTION OF A RIGID BODY–
A rigid body may have three kinds of motion–
(1)Pure Translation Motion– in such a motion, every particle of the body has the same velocity at a particular instant of time. For e.g. when a
rectangular block slides down an inclined plane, any point like P1,P2 of the block, at any instant of time ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hence the centre of mass is closer to the massive particle. NOTE– 1. The centre of mass may lie outside the object. For e.g. the centre of mass of ring
lies outside it. 2. Centre of mass depends on the distribution of mass within the body and is closer to heavy part but for identical particles C.M. lies
at the midpoint of the line joining the point masses. 3. If an object is symmetrical and have uniform distribution of mass then its C.M. coincides with
geometrical centre. 4. The position of C.M. is independent from the coordinate system. E.g. the centre of mass of a ring of uniform thickness is at its
centre whatever be the coordinate system. CENTRE OF MASS OF LAMINAR OBJECTS–
A laminar object means a two dimensional distribution of mass of negligible thickness e.g. paper of your copy. If a large number of laminar type
objects are placed in a plane then

Physics of Karate Essay
The basic ideas behind any style of karate can in general be reduced to the goal of achieving the most effective movements with the least effort.
Specifically, with a strike such as a punch, kick, knife–hand or similar, the karateka attempts to move smoothly through the strikes, conserving energy
towards the impact point. When thought about in terms of energy, the most common equation is that of rotational kinetic energy, or KE=(1/2)mv^2 + (1
/2)IП‰^2.
Another way to think about a strike is to attempt to focus as much force as possible at the point of impact. In many strikes, this is facilitated by
drawing an almost straight line with the striking tool from the original point of rest to the point of impact. This is based on the ... Show more content on
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The feet are placed about shoulder–width apart, the front leg is bent so that the toes cannot be seen, the back leg is straight, and there is constant
pressure down through the heel of the back leg. The upper body should be leaned very slightly forward in preperation of movement, and the torso and
hips dropped downwards to ground the stance.
Because this is a stable stance, the various forces acting on the body must be equalized somehow. The main force is the one caused by extension of
the back leg into the ground (a). This is held in check by dropping the torso into the stance and allowing the friction on the front foot from the ground,
Ојb + ~(1/3)Ојmg where Ој is the coefficient of static friction, and b is the force of the body attempting to move forward due to a, and the tensing of
the front leg quads to keep the stance in place. If the stance is correct, this force is easily released to throw into techniques, either by using it as a
spring to pull the reverse leg forward for a kick, or by rotating the body or otherwise neutralizing the check imposed by the front leg to throw some
other technique, such as a punch.
Reverse Punch
Equations:
F=ma
О¤=IО± О±=a/r v=П‰r centripetal acc: a=(v^2)/r=П‰^2r
A reverse punch is a punch thrown over the back leg. For example, from a front stance with the right leg back, a reverse punch would be executed with
the right arm. Punches, as with many

Bending of Beam Lab Report Essay
1. Objective:
The objective of this experiment is to demonstrate the bending of a bean when loaded at the center of its length and examine its deflection when
positioned in two different ways, when the flat side of the beam is support and when the thin side is supported. In addition, try to find linear
relationship between the load applied and the deflection of the beam and comparing the experimental deflection with the theoretical deflection.
If the load is applied at the mid– length a=b=L/2 then mid span deflection is: Оґ = PL3/(48EI).
Where P is the applied force, L is the length of beam, E is the modulus of elasticity of aluminum, and I is the moment of Inertia.
For a beam of rectangular cross section, say of width w and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The beam was loaded the mid–length in 2.745 lbs. increments up to 6.745 lbs. The change in clearance of every load step was measured and data was
recorded.
Case II: The beam was turned around in such way that the shortest side of the cross section is on the support. The steps described in Case I was
repeated and data was recorded.
4. Results:
Following tables and graphs show the result of the experiment. The tables will demonstrate the experimental and theoretical deflection for each case.
The graphs will show the relationship between the load applied and deflection, in addition to compare the experimental deflection and theoretical
deflection.
Case I: Dimensions of the beam
Length (L)= 29.35 in.,Width (w)= 1.008 in.,Thickness (t)= 0.125 in.
Inertia (I)= wt3/12 = 0.000164063 in4.
TABLE I P (lbs.)| Initial Clearance (in)| New Clearance (in)| Experimental Deflection (in)| Theoretical Deflection (in)| 2.745| 0.75| 0.98| 0.23| 0.31092|
3.745| 0.75| 1.13| 0.38| 0.47587| 4.745| 0.75| 1.2| 0.45| 0.63011| 5.745| 0.75| 1.31| 0.56| 0.79903| 6.745| 0.75| 1.44| 0.69| 0.99236|
Case II: Dimensions of the beam
Length (L)= 35.5 in.,Width (w)= 1.008 in.,Thickness (t)= 0.125 in.

Inertia (I)= w3t/12 = 0.010668672 in4.
TABLE II P (lbs.)| Initial Clearance (in)| New Clearance (in)| Experimental Deflection (in)| Theoretical Deflection| 2.745| 1.973| 2.051| 0.086

Experimental and Computation Vibration-Rotation...
Experimental and Computation Vibration–Rotation Spectroscopy for Carbon Monoxide Through the Use of High–Resolution Infrared (IR) Spectra
Introduction: The goal of this experiment is to study the most precise way of measuring molecular bond lengths and introduction to computational
software used for studying molecular properties. This is of interest in that the instrument to being used, a Fourier–transform infrared (FT–IR)
spectrometer, can measure the vibrational and rotational transitions of the fundamental and first overtone of CO. Through this experiment the objective
is to collect data from the aforementioned instrument in order to determine vibrational and rotational spectroscopic constants and CO's bond length,
then to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
–The wavenumber was changed to that for the second overtone and the previous two steps were completed for that wave range.
–All devices and equipment were cleaned and returned to their rightful places and the lab area used was also tidied up.
–For computation a computer in the CP computer lab was utilized.
–The GaussView program was selected and a new molecule was built.
–Once in the program Element and C was selected under the Builder Window, then center of the View1: New window was clicked to make a CH4
molecule appear.
–Again under the Element section O was selected and the same window as previously was clicked to create a water molecule.
–A triple bond is made selecting Bond under Builder, highlighting C and O, and clicking Triple Bond.
–Delete was clicked to get rid of excess atoms and the bond length was optimized by selecting Clean.
–Next, by highlighting Calculate and going to Gaussian under the GaussView 2.1 window another screen appeared.
–On the new screen job type was selected as opt+freq, charge as 0, spin as 1, method as HF, basis set as 6–311G(d,p), and the input was saved to the
computer for further reference.
Results: Data from the machines was collected to make the needed calculations in

A Biomechanical Analysis of the Roundhouse Kick
Anatomical Analysis
Tae Kwon Do is a Korean, unarmed martial art and is best known for its kicks (Park, 2001). The roundhouse kick is a turning kick and happens to be
the most commonly used kick during competition (Lee, 1996). For this reason, the roundhouse kick will be analyzed in reference to sparring
competition. The roundhouse kick, a multiplanar skill, starts with the kicking leg traveling in an arc towards the front with the knee in a chambered
position (Pearson, 1997). The knee is extended in a snapping movement, striking the opponent with the top of the foot. One's goal would be to make
front torso contact with the kick, while avoiding leaving one's self open to a counter strike. The movements that comprise the ... Show more content on
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H=mk2z
However, because the primary goal is to achieve optimum velocity, optimum momentum is obtained through angular impulse. The series of movements
before contact with the target attempts a kinetic chain with an efficient sequence of movements previously noted in the description of the preparatory
phase (Champion, 2002). The internal muscles move first, such as the serape and spinal flexors and rotators, out to the Gluteus maximus, to the Rectus
femoris, transferring the large body movements from the trunk to the smaller body segments of the foot. If the movements are timed correctly, one will
have maximum speed upon reaching the next movement, until the point of application (Champion, 2002).
Another valuable aspect to consider is drag, which is a resistance force slowing down the motion of the leg and foot through the fluid medium, air
(Hall, 1999). The most relevant form of drag here is surface drag, where the size of one's leg and the increased surface area created by the traditional
uniform, in addition to its texture play prominent roles in decreasing the velocity of the kick.
Once the kick has been executed, impact must be taken into account. The result of the impact of one's foot with the opponent's front

Diamondback Research Paper
Diamondback Physics In Kings Island, there are thousands of examples of the three laws of motion. One of the more popular rides is the
Diamondback. The laws that are in effect on Diamondback are the Concept of Energy, Law of Inertia, and the effects of weight during the ride. On
Diamondback, it is clear that there are several forces acting on it because the coaster doesn't have an engine it just uses the motion that it obtains
from the hills throughout the ride. When the ride is in motion there are 2 very important forces acting upon it. These 2 forces are potential and
kinetic energy. The potential energy is what is being made when it is going up the hills because gravity could take over and pull it down at any
moment and kinetic energy is the energy that is created when going down the hill. The potential energy flows into kinetic when the rollercoaster
begins to fall down the hill then goes back up and so on. These 2 things are in a cycle until the end of the coaster because when one is not in use the
other is.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Inertia is the law that states that an object in rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion. Inertia is shown when the cart only
turns and rises when the tracks turn and rise. When the tracks do not change neither does the position of the cart. Another example of inertia is when
you are first being carried up the hill because the cart was at rest until the track brought it up. One final example of how inertia is on the ride
Diamondback is when the cart is at the top of the hill and would stay at rest but the gravity caused the cart to accelerate down the

Physics of Ice Skating
Many everyday activities, and sports involve physics. During the Olympics, you saw the graceful performance done by the figure skaters. Figure
skating involves a lot of physics. These principles include friction, momentum, and Newton's Third Law. These core principles plays a big impact on
the performance of figure skaters. Before understanding the physics of the ice skater's motion, the first thing to comprehend is the skates itself.
The major parts of figure skates are the boot itself, and the blade. A figure skater performs a spin by rotating the blade backwards as the skater
spins on a fixed point. This fixed point, is also known as the balls of their feet. The skater also has the toe pick, a rigid part of the blade located at
the front of the blade, touching the ice. This allows the skater to put a forward pressure down without sliding forward and falling backwards. It
also helps keep the skater's balance. When the skater performs a jump, he or she pushes off the toe pick, jumps, lands on the toe pick, and then
rocks down to the blade. This also adds stability. The design of the blade allows the skater to rock down to the blade from the toe pick due to the
curvature of the blade. This is called the rocker. The skater imparts the momentum from its opposite leg, back into his lower foot and then continues to
move. This leads to the movement of the figure skater and the laws and principles of physics used to perform them.
Figure skating involves ice, which means there

Einstein Synthesis Essay
Archery is an excellent example of physics and Newton's laws. Archers can shoot with remarkable accuracy, especially using modern bows. The bow
stabilizer is a long, thing rod that extends from the front of the bow and has a relatively massive cylinder at the tip. The stabilizer helps steady the
archer's aim because the addition of the stabilizer increases the bow's moment of inertia, making it easier for the archer to hold the bow steady. This
can be explained with Newton's second law for rotational motion. Newton's second law for rotational motion states that the angular acceleration of the
bow is given by the equation : open parentheses sum tau subscript blank superscript blank close parentheses divided by I subscript blank sum subscript
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Actually, that is excellent example. I've recently been studying Einstein's theories again and I was calculating the energy released when three alpha
particles combine to form a carbon–12 nucleus. In this case, we can use Einstein's famous E = mc2 to calculate the energy. Now, you mention heat.
Nuclear reactions actually power the Sun. The sun produces its energy by converting some of its mass into energy through the process of nuclear
fusion. The sun, which is mostly hydrogen, fuses to form helium. Specifically, you have the proton–proton chain reaction. This is the set fusion
reactions by which a star such as our Sun converts hydrogen to helium. The proton–proton fusion can occur only if the kinetic energy of the protons is
high enough to overcome the Coulomb barrier. Remember Coulomb's law: like electric charges repel. Thus, two protons will repel each other due to
being like charges. The temperature has to be high enough so that the protons can overcome this mutual electrostatic repulsion to fuse. It was initially
thought that the temperature of the Sun was to too low to overcome the Coulomb barrier; in fact, the protons fuse and allow nuclear fusion to occur by
a process known as quantum tunneling. In any case, nuclear reactions is actually an excellent example of forces and energy; specifically, it is an
excellent example of Einstein's mass–energy

Morality in Ethan Frome Essay examples
Morality in Ethan Frome In The Morality of Inertia, Lionel Trilling argues that Ethan Frome's inability to make his own ethical decisions ultimately
makes his 'smash–up' a tragic event caused by the inactivity of morality. The nonexistence of this moral inertia is the explanation, for Trilling, for the
outcome of Frome; the lack of moral responsibility in any of the main characters from the beginning of their lives paralyzes their decision making
process–– they simply exist and do what is their duty. Trilling's aspect that Frome was a morally inadequate man is a valid fact affirmed by Edith
Wharton's provided background of him; the idea that he was unable to make choices and is only capable of enduring can be proven inaccurate with...
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Although Frome can be held responsible for his moral inactivity, he can be considered a morally inadequate man in his present state. His inadequacy,
however, was not a constant in life or a sudden occurrence–– it snowballed from his youth and finally solidified through the 'smash–up'. His earlier
experiences in a university and the joy it brought him was quickly interrupted after a year by his sickly parents. The unfortunate circumstance forces
Ethan Frome to move back to the depressing Starkfield he had just escaped. His parents' illnesses bring along Zenobia, who would be another future,
unseen oppression along with Starkfield. For years, Ethan lives in depressing conditions that decline as time goes on. The chance to finally leave them
behind, however, comes in Mattie, Zenobia's cousin and maid. Ethan's inability to act on this chance of escape finally seals his fate when Mattie is
paralyzed and he is critically injured. Although jinxed with unfortunate circumstances, Ethan Frome's life could have been bettered if one small step or
action was taken by him for himself with the intention to create personal joy or pleasure. The importance of taking steps in life betterment can be seen
in Ethan Frome. Although one may lack a history of "making moral decisions," the human instinct to do so is always there (from Morality

Essay on The Moment of Inertia of a Disk and a Ring
Objective: The objective of this laboratory was to theoretically calculate the moment of inertia of a disk and a ring and then to verify the moment of
inertia for both objects through experiment. This laboratory shows that while the theoretical is not within the uncertainty of the experimental, both
values are extremely similar to each other.
Data and Analysis:
Data:
Table 1: The Angular Acceleration of No Ring and Ring
TrialNo RingRing
5g4.57 В± 0.005 rad/s21.32 В± 0.005 rad/s2
10g13.16 В± 0.005 rad/s23.09 В± 0.005 rad/s2
15g20.45 В± 0.005 rad/s24.83 В± 0.005 rad/s2
20g27.89 В± 0.005 rad/s26.60 В± 0.005 rad/s2
25g35.65 В± 0.005 rad/s28.35 В± 0.005 rad/s2 Table 2: The Average Experimental and TheoreticalMoment of Inertia for No ... Show more content on
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This calculation will be done later on. After using equation 1 to find the experimental moment of inertia, the average and standard deviation of the five
trials for No Ring and Ring were calculated using Excel commands for average and standard deviation. The averages will be used later on in order to
calculate the experimental moment of inertia for the ring. In the next step, the theoretical moment of inertia was calculated for the disk by using
equation 2.
I_disk^th=1/2 M_d R_d^2(2)
In the equation above, the I_disk^th is the theoretical moment of inertia of the disk, M_d is the mass of the disk, Rd is the radius of the disk. Next,
the theoretical moment of inertia of the Ring was calculated using equation 3 below.
I_ring^th=1/2 M_r (R_1^2+R_2^2)(3)
In the equation above, I_ring^this the theoretical moment of inertia of the Ring, Mr is the mass of the ring, R_1^2 is the inner radius of the ring, and
R_2^2 is the outer radius of the ring. In order to compare the experimental and theoretical moments of inertia of the Ring, the experimental moment of
inertia of the ring alone has to be calculated. It is given that the experimental moment of the system equals to the experimental moment of inertia of the
ring plus the experimental moment of inertia of the disk. The experimental moment of inertia can be found by solving

Physics of Salsa Dancing Essay
Salsa has become an ever more popular dance in the United States, especially with the emergence of Latin artists including Marc Anthony, Ricky
Martin, Jennifer Lopez, and Shakira. Go to any club or ballroom dance and you will hear a pulsating beat moving you out of your chair and onto the
floor. Even Broadway has been affected by Latin music. For instance, Cell Block Tango in the smash hit Chicago has a driving Latin beat. It doesn't
matter if you are partying in Miami or sipping martinis in Massachusetts, Salsa has invaded America and taken a grip on the culture. Some even
consider Salsa an addiction. "Perhaps it's because of the addictive quality inherent in this rhythm which fuels the desire to become part of it and express
it... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fifth through eighth beat– repeat previous four mirroring the direction, leader does what the follower did and vice versa
Now let's find the center of mass in the x direction at the pause in this step.
The equation for the center of mass in the x direction is xcm=(Mx1+ mx2)/(M+m) where M is the mass of the leader, m is the mass of the follower,
x1 is the position of the leader,and x2 is the position of the follower.
Turn
The turn starts off with the follower and the leader side by side and hands crossed. The leader pulls the follower so that she is facing him.
Let us find the amount of work done by the system when defining the dancers as particles. The diameter will be defined as the length from the outer
edge of one dancer to the outer edge of the other dancer. M will stand for the leader's mass and m will be used for the follower's mass. w will be the
angular velocity, I will be the moment of inertia, and r is radius.
To find the work you must subtract the intial kinetic energy from the final kinetic energy. The equation for rotational kinetic energy is: Iw2. The
equation for the moment of inertia for particles is: (M+m)r2
So calculating this gives you:{[(M+m)final radius2]final w2}–

Pipe Bend Literature Review
Chapter One
INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW
1.1INTRODUCTION
Pipe bends are used in power plants, oil refineries, petroleum pipelines, chemical industries, pharmaceuticals and food industry. The main purpose of
bend pipe is to change the direction of substance in the piping system and it is considered as one of the critical components in the piping systems due to
its flexibility. The piping system carry substances from one point to another point. The carrying of substance in pipe system will be done by applying
pressure, temperature etc. If the piping system in an industry fails, company have to stop the running process and it's directly loss to company. The
company have to do maintenance of piping system and cost is increased. Therefore, the piping system have the importance in the industry. The safety of
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
4)The thickness at crown of the bend is the average of maximum and minimum thickness (Вјt).
5)Under torsional moment loading, the pipe bend was assumed to behave like a straight pipe, keeping a circular cross–section
A.Buckshumiyan (2013) analyzed the plastic collapse loads in shape–imperfect pipe bends under in–plane opening bending moment. In this paper, one
half of the pipe bend with straight pipe attachment is used for analysis. Symmetry boundary condition was applied as one half of section is used for
analysis. Using Multipoint constraint, one end of pipe bend is kept constant and to the other end rotation is applied to obtain moment–rotation curve to
find out the collapse load. The moment–rotation curves were plotted for each model to obtain collapse load. Finally concluded that thickness variation
in the cross section of pipe bends on account of thinning and thickening produces negligible effect on collapse moment. The effect of ovality on
collapse moment is

Increasing Mobility of Micro-robotics Essay
Chapter Two
The Review of the Related Literature
Introduction
Micro–robotics is a field that stresses mobility from being able to fit in tight spaces to being able to navigate varying terrain. Scientists and engineers
are often trying to make smaller and more mobile robots as seen in the 3cm long RoACH robot (Hoover, 2008), and the DASH (Birkmeyer, 2009) and
iSprawl (Kim, 2006) robots which can reach speeds of up to 15 body lengths a second. A common method to make robots smaller is to reduce the
amount of actuators a robot has to both reduce the size of the robot and the weight but this has a negative effect on the robots mobility. The smaller
robots become the less mobility they come to have and so in an effort to make robots more ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This project also deals with the use of inertial appendages in under actuated miniature robots. An inertial appendage in the form of a tail was added to
a robot to study the effects a tail would have on dynamic steering. Tails can contribute to steering through either a shift in the robots center of mass or
through the transfer of angular momentum. The goal of this study is to provide a model of a legged robot that successfully uses an inertial tail for
faster and sharper turns. Other factors that can affect the robots movement are also studied such as changing the tail's inertia, the friction between the
robot and the surface, and motor input voltage. There are also two types of tails that will be tested and compared, a symmetric tail with weights on
either side, and an asymmetric tail with half the length and a weight only on one side. The symmetric tail separates the effect of changing the robots
center of mass as the system is still balanced but the asymmetric tail changes the robots center of mass which may prove either detrimental or beneficial
to the robots mobility.
History of Inertial Appendages The idea of inertial appendages first stemmed from a proposal in 1969 by a paleontologist who said that theropod
dinosaurs had tails which acted as dynamic stabilizers during rapid or irregular movements. (Libby, 2012) This led to the discovery that other animals
such as lizards and cats have been known to use their tails to self–right their bodies in free fall.

What Is An Indicator For System Generation And Consumption...
Grid frequency $f$ can be considered as an indicator for system generation and consumption power balance, when an imbalance occurs the power
system frequency will change accordingly.
One of the responsibility's of a transmission system operators is to operate the electric grid at a certain system frequency which is the nominal grid
frequency $f_{0}$, 50 Hz in Europe, where the torque is continually adjusted to keep the system frequency at the nominal grid frequency. in equation
(1)
Where $Tgen$ is the generated torque, $Tload$ is the consumed torque including grid losses torque and $JSys$ is the total moments of inertia in the
system representing the coupled synchronous machines response in case of any power imbalance.
$delta omega ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the recent situation of the connected power grid for the ECSA, the amount of residual inertia $J_{res}$ needed to prevent a blackout is decided by
ROCOF limits regulations which is in our case $delta f /delta t$=2 $Hz/s$, using related equations(1)(2) and by using an inertia constant similar to
that of already available biomass and hydro units which is between /1.5s–4s/ cite{hh}, we get a maximum rated power in the magnitude of 20$GW$
which is to put in context Significantly lower than the total installed hydro power capacity of 136 $GW$ in the EU–27, with an additional 62 $GW$ in
Norway, Switzerland,
Turkey, Croatia and Iceland combined cite{hydro}, so it is clear that hydro along with other RES such as biomass can generate the needed $J_{res}$
for the scenario discussed without calculating existing synchronous generators inertia nor calculating the inertia generated from synchronous loads, in
other words even by the continuous decrease in synchronous generation inertia it won`t be expected to not have enough inertia in the EU–27 power
system to cover a blackout scenario in case of a single fault with a load generation of 3 $GW$ in

Energy Efficient Controller Design For Underwater Gliders...
Energy Efficient Controller Design for Underwater Gliders Maneuvering
MEEM 5990 – SPECIAL TOPIC
Dr. Nina Mahmoudian
Submitted by
Anudeep Reddy Karra
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my sincere gratitude towards Dr.Nina Mahmoudian on providing me an opportunity to work on this project. I am grateful for providing an
opportunity to work under her and also providing an excellent project mentor like Mr. Barzin Moridian to work with. I would also like to thank
Mr.Barzin Moridian for continuously mentoring me on this project and giving valuable insights about the project and helping me through the difficult
situations during the Project. I express my sincere thanks to him to giving me sufficient amount to time to learn the ... Show more content on
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Mathematical Modelling:5
2.1 DC Servo Motor:5
2.2 Glider Modelling:7
2.2.1 Kinematic Equations of the System7
2.2.2 Mass Matrix and Inertial Matrix8
2.2.3 Momentum and the rate of change of the Momentum9
3. Simulation:10
4. Results:11
5. Conclusions:11
6. Future Work:11
1. Introduction: Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are used for long–term, large scale oceanographic monitoring. They are classified into

different types– battery powered AUVs, propeller–driven AUVs and buoyancy – driven under water gliders. Among these, underwater gliders are
highly efficient compared to the other types of gliders, because they spend most of their time in stable, steady motion and they spend their energy
only when they are changing their equilibrium state. There are various ways in which these gliders can use buoyancy for maneuvering. For this model
the movement of these gliders is controlled by the servo actuators which move the mass relative to the vehicle's frame and their motion control is
affected by varying the parameters which affect the steady motion, such as the center of mass and buoyancy. These parameters are to be controlled for
attaining a steady state motion. For this a control system needs to be designed which provides feedback in response to the errors which are present in
the state of motion. [1][3] The main important area of concern for the underwater gliders has been their efficiency, then motion control is the secondary
concern.

Final Report : Analysis Of Chicken Tibia
Final Report – Analysis of Chicken Tibia in Bending
BME 3505 – A16
Zachary Simpson
Abstract
Use of readily available tissues in the lab is a great way to gain a better understanding of their functional properties, especially when that knowledge
can be translated to the human body. The purpose of this study was to analyze the mechanical properties of a chicken tibia in 3–point bending to learn
more about the behavior of bone under such conditions. Furthermore, any results could be compared to literature values for similar chicken bones and
human bones to see how the data compare. One chicken tibia was cut from a piece of supermarket poultry and tested in 3–point bending to failure on
an Instron 5544 at a rate of 10 mm/minute. Various properties were calculated from the force–displacement data using MATLAB, including the ultimate
tensile strength (UTS) and Young's modulus (E). The results were then compared to values for the same properties in chicken and human bone from
published literature. Overall, the calculated UTS of the chicken tibia (9.623 MPa) was a higher magnitude than that of a human bone in bending (103
MPa, Caeiro). The Young's modulus (3.939 GPa) of the tested chicken tibia was on par with the literature Young's modulus for chicken tibia (10.91
GPa, MassГ©), while the UTS of the sample was much lower than the UTS of chicken femur (96 MPa, Erickson). These findings confirm that the
bending test was carried out well from start to finish, as

AM 317 Experiment 1 Essay
AM 317
MECHANICS LAB
EXPERIMENT 1
BEAM DEFLECTIONS
TEST PERFORMED: FEBRUARY 4, 2015
REPORT SUBMITTED: FEBRUARY 11, 2015
BY
HAGOP MERTEKHANIAN
Student I.D # 105200288
Wednesday 7:00 pm
GROUP 1
ABSTRACT
Deflections of a beam are important to be able predict the amount of deflection for a given loading situation. This experiment addresses determining the
yield point for a material to fail, so the stress in the material does not have to reach to that point. This is where understanding beam deflection becomes
a useful tool. This experiment is using beam deflection theory to evaluate and compare observed deflection per load values to theoretical values. Beam
deflection experiment done by four parts. Part 1 –Simple Supported Bean, part ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(LB)
I–moment of inertia (IN4)
E– The modulus of elasticity.(Psi)
Ymax–amount of the deflection due to applied load (IN).
L–length of the beam.(IN) a– distance from beginning of the beam to the reference point (IN)
P–single applied concentrated load.(LB)
I–moment of inertia (IN4)
E– The modulus of elasticity.(Psi)
Ymax–amount of the deflection due to applied load (IN).

Test Procedures
Part 1– Simple Supported Beam
1. Calibrate the micrometer.
2. Measure the dimensions and record them.
3. Calculate area moment of inertia (I) using the equation–4
4. Calculate maximum permissible loads for mid–span using equation–3,where maximum stress = 18,000 psi
5. Calculate maximum permissible loads for quarter–span using equation–3, where maximum stress

Araby Research Paper
According to Isaac Newton, an object will stay at rest unless acted upon by an opposing force when it will begin to move. When the object rejects this
force, for a brief moment in time, it is called the moment of inertia, where the object, despite the acting push or pull, remains motionless. Many times,
this moment of inertia can be translated into a person's life as they deal with change, and for some, the moment lasts a life time. Within the collection of
short stories entitled Dubliners by James Joyce, the evolution from immaturity to maturity of the main characters begins to show the ultimate
timelessness of a paralyzed mentality towards change. Beginning in the short story "Araby," Joyce describes the events leading up to a young boy's
trip to the market. Youthful and excited about the prospect of love for Mangan's sister, this nameless narrator expects to buy something for her at the
market after she hints that while she cannot go, "It's well for [him]." After this, the boy is unable to think of much else as he goes about his lessons,
waiting to go to this exotic bazaar. He waits for his uncle to come home so he can get money, but arrives at the bazaar too late as it is just closing up.
At this moment, the magic of Araby is gone, replaced with an immature view of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Despite time and incentive, the main characters in both "Araby" and "Eveline" become unable to overcome simple challenges of the day. They are
essentially trapped in a modern day world that holds them hostage in a fabricated bliss. Eventually it is society that creates these characters to be so
placated with their lives, unaware that reality is passing them by until it is already gone. By living in a make believe world, these characters find
themselves caught inside their own heads without the strength to break free and make their own

Roller Coasters: The Physics Of Amusement Parks
Roller coasters. An amusement park just isn't an amusement park without one. They can give you the thrill that nothing else can ever do, and people
love it. They'll be going up one moment, down the next, and then upside down before you can blink. But how are these thrill machines able to do such
amazing things?
The physics that goes into the construction of a roller coaster is a fascinating, complex process that many don't understand. When the ride begins, you
can usually hear chains being pulled. These chains are pulled by a motor which lifts the train of cars to the top of the first, and tallest hill. Once on
the top of the hill, gravity takes over and no motors are needed. This is because while going up the first hill, the cars were able ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
When you go upside down during a loop, you don't feel like you're falling out of your seat, do you? As the car makes it way towards the loop, your
initial velocity points straight ahead, the same angle the track does. As the cars enter the loop, the track guides the cars up, which in turn moves you
up as well. At the top of the loop, gravity wants to pull you back down to Earth, but because of the cars inertia, you are pushed back into your seat
instead of plummeting to your death. At the bottom of the loop, gravity and the change from downwards to horizontal once more pushes you into your
seat.
Gravity also plays a major role in roller coasters. That feel of weightlessness you get when going down a large hill or going through a loop? That's
because of gravity. When a person feels that weightlessness, they are in free fall, which is where gravity is the onlyforce acting upon them. Gravity
also helps the cars gain speed going down a hill or coming down from a loop.
Gravity, inertia, potential and kinetic energy all play a key role in the development of a roller coaster. Roller coasters are literally built from the laws
of physics. Without the knowledge of physics? There would be no roller

Roller Coaster Research Paper
The theme of my roller coaster is a snake. The coaster is called the Slithering Serpent. The materials that I used to create my roller coaster are: popsicle
sticks, paper, paint, rocks from my backyard, ribbon, a bag and a half of hot glue sticks and a sharpie.
Potential energy is created from the combination of mass, gravity, and height. Ever notice how many roller coasters start out with a tall hill? This is
meant to build as much potential energy as possible. It's like stretching a rubber band as far as you can. The farther you stretch it, the farther it will fly
when you let go. Once your coaster gets over the hill, it then starts to gain kinetic energy. This is the type of energy that helps to push you through
whatever twists and turns

Notes On Mathematics And Tennis
Mathematics and Tennis
By: Musse Y.
Course: IB Math SL
Teacher: Dr. Ley
Since I was a kid I had good interest for tennis. I would spend hours just sitting and watching tennis games. By the time I was 8–years–old my dad
bought a table tennis(ping pong table). He taught me how to play and keep a score. At first it was hard to learn, but once I get a hang of it was one
of the best things I learned from my father. I still remember the first time I won a match between me and my father it felt so good to beat him. If I
remember right we played 3 set of games and he won the 1st set 6–1, I won the 2nd set 6–4, and the I won the 3rd set 6–4 again. I went to middle
school in my country Ethiopia and they had a table ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I took his challenge and like all the students I played he was weak too. I played with him all semester and he lost in every game. I asked him if there
was a table tennis team here at John F. Kennedy high school so I can join, but his answer was that we don't have table tennis team because it wasn't
that much of a popular sport. Sophomore year I found out that there was a tennis team in John F. Kennedy but it wasn't table tennis. So I tried out
for the Boys Varsity Tennis team and I was bad at it, but the coche Mr. King who was also at the time my NSL Government teacher let me join the
team. I thought it would be easier because I already knew how to play table tennis but it was totally different and harder. Within a week I start
getting good at it and by the end of the season i fell in love with tennis. I spent all my summer 2016 practicing tennis and I got so good at it. In this
Mathematics Internal Assessment I will be exploring how is played by adding all the basics mechanical principles that have effect on the tennis ball
and mechanical principles of any objects that are in spinning motion.
Math IA Proposal The most fun part of tennis is the rally it's when two opponents hit the tennis ball back and forth by using the tennis racket until one
of the players make a mistake. During at that time there are a variety of basic mechanical principles that have effect on the trajectory of the tennis ball.
It is impossible to easily derive a simple

Axis Theorem On Product Of Inertia For An Area
5/3/2011 Lecture 1 LECTURE 1 TOPICS I. Product of Inertia for An Area Definition Parallel Axis Theorem on Product of Inertia Moments of
Inertia About an Inclined Axes Principal Moments of Inertia Mohr's Circle for Second Moment of Areas II. Unsymmetrical Bending II
Unsymmetrical Bending Unsymmetrical Bending about the Horizontal and Vertical Axes of the Cross Section Unsymmetrical Bending about the
Principal Axes 1 5/3/2011 Lecture 1, Part 1 Product of Inertia for an Area Consider the figure shown below y x A dA y x Product of Inertia of A wrt x
and y axis: Product of Inertia of Element dA: 2 5/3/2011 Product of Inertia for an Area Consider the figure shown below y x A dA y x Unit: length4–...
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Compute Ix, Iy and Ixy with respect to the given x and y axes of the area. 2. Construct the Circle. A (Ix, Ixy) R Imin C Imax A. Establish the
rectangular coordinate system. B. Determine the center of circle C. Plot the reference point A having coordinates (Ix, Ixy) D. Connect A and C and
determine the distance d i h di by trigonometry. This distance represents the radius. E. Draw the circle. 3. Determine the principal moments of inertia,
Imax and Imin. 12 5/3/2011 Mohr's Circle for Moments of Inertia Example 2 y 16.54 mm Determine the Principal Moments of Inertia using Mohr's
Circle. 80 m mm 10 mm x C 10 mm 60 mm 26.54 mm Mohr's Circle for Moments of Inertia Example 2 y 16.54 mm Solution: STEP 1: Compute for
Ix, Iy, Ixy C t f 1 (10)(80)3 + (10)(80)(13.46)2 12 1 3 2 + (50)(10) + (50 )(10)(21.54 ) 12 I x = 80.8 x 10 4 mm 4 Ix = x 80 m mm 10 mm Iy = C 10
mm 60 mm 26.54 mm 1 (80)(10)3 + (80)(10)(11.54)2 12 1 3 2 + (10)(50) + (10 )(50)(18.46) 12 I y = 38.8 x 10 4 mm 4 13 5/3/2011 Mohr's Circle for
Moments

Elastic Potential Energy In Tennis Players

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