User Authentication With An Adaptive Mechanism On Mobile...

User Authentication With An Adaptive Mechanism On Mobile...
These papers "Design of Touch Dynamics Based User Authentication with an Adaptive Mechanism
on Mobile Phone," by Y. Meng, D. S. Wong, and L.–F. Kwok , and " Continuous Mobile Authentic–
cation Using Touchscreen Gestures," by T. Feng, Z. Liu, K.–A. Kwon, W. Shi, B. Carbunar, Y.
Jiang, and N. Nguy are compared. The two papers illustrate that touchscreen mobile phones are very
popular and used to store sensitive information such as passwords, personal photos and business
information [1,2]. Thus, smartphones become valuable places and targets for attacks. Moreover,
smartphones are eligible to be stolen and lost which enhances the chance for unauthorized users
access to personal, sensitive information [1,2]. Consequently, the Y. Meng et al. ... Show more
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The authors' touch dynamics–based authentication scheme has used a Google/HTC Nexus One
Android phone 2 with a multi–touch capacitive touchscreen to gather and process data. Moreover,
they updated this Android operating system to version 2.2 based on CyanogenMod. In contrast, The
T. Feng's paper designs an android program for collecting touch gesture information from HTC
Android smartphones. Moreover, FAST proposes a sensor glove that is a digital sensor glove with
IMU digital combo boards ITG3200/ADXL345. The glove allows authors' FAST to collect
biometric information of finger gestures. The Y. Meng et al. paper illustrates session identification as
a major factor of touch dynamics–based authentication scheme [1]. Session identification extracts
authentication signature for each session before it compares with other sessions to determine the
user if authorized or not to use the smartphone. Touch dynamics–based authentication scheme uses
the methodology of event based session that has 120 touch gestures for each session. The main point
of using event based session rather than time based session is that users may provide different
numbers of gestures information for each session in time based session. Consequently, using event
based session improves the efficiencies of authentication. On the other hand, FAST proposes an
aggregated authentication approach to verify user
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The Surveillance Of Cctv Cameras
Over the years, banks have housed several of their branches in large buildings, sharing their space
with other occupants. Although security is a key factor in consideration of the location of a bank,
smart individuals use this positioning to their advantage. Access is gained by cutting a hole in the
floor, and theft occurs. With the passing years, security in banks has been evident with the reliance
of CCTV cameras. This ensures monitoring of the users activities in banks by security officers who
take turns in watching the screens for any uneventful, unexpected happenings. The CCTV cameras
are placed strategically in every corner to ensure each detail of the activities taking place is
recorded. The ATMs are also monitored in anticipation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This made the people hesitate to invest any significant amount of money at the time. The idea
slowly began to catch on after easing into E–commerce. Major and minor banks are trying to
enhance the security of their firms using different methods. The security system of some banks
requires highly trained, capable individuals who can protect progression of activities in their
allocated areas, be it inside the bank, at ATM portals and in monitoring CCTV cameras.
Use of laser beams that generate intense beams of coherent monochromatic light through simulated
emission of photons has been used as a security measure. They are used either as sensors to trigger
alarms or as penetrative destructive beams in highly confiscated areas, which allow limited or no
access at all. Online banking security measures are kept to plan by the banks allowing software
developers to create antivirus software and sell the software to them. Users are required to download
this antivirus for themselves without necessarily consulting the bank's security operators. Recent
trends have shown the use of biometric analysis in the form of hand writing recognition, hand
finger, and geometry (Taylor, 2013).
Unlike the current system, the working of this system will provide accurate data storage, since any
transaction is recorded on the device and can be easily traced. The system will also create more
client confidentiality since any unauthorized individual cannot access the data stored in the system.
This

Case Study Of Ebay
Ebay is one of the world's largest e–commerce and multinational corporation. Here are some facts,
the company was launched in 1995 as " Auction Web," on labor day weekend by Pierre Omidyar.
Later the name was officially changed to ebay in 1997 because many customers and media coverage
referred the website as ebay. It has over 200 million registered users by 2015 and branched out into
twenty five countries. There are thirty five thousand employees working on eBay in that 42% are
female. The company net revenue by 2014 is 17.9 billion dollars. There are about 25 million sellers
and the number of items listed in the market places are 800 million. The daily search on eBay is 250
million and the hourly search is 11 million. 60% of company revenue comes from ... Show more
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He also stated that company is working with leading cyber security experts to fix the problem and
applying best forensic tools and practices to avoid further damages.
The company asked the customers not to worry about financial information because Paypal
information is encrypted and stored in separate network. Ebay assured its customers that banking
information is secure and it is not accessed during breach.
The password used by the customers while authenticating were encrypted and are virtually
impossible to be deciphered. For safety purpose ebay asked its customers to reset their passwords to
enhance security. Out of 250 million registered users ebay advised 145 million users to change the
password.
Customers also notified via e–mail, txt messages ,site communications and televisions to reset their
login passwords so that ID fraud and consumer scam will decrease. To minimize the security threat
Ebay also asked its customers to change the passwords who utilized the same password on other
online websites. User should avoid same passwords to be used on multiple sites.
Flaws that leads to

Strategic Overview : Itlab And ECI Together Have Conducted...
1. Strategic Overview
itlab and ECI together have conducted an IT strategic review, and the below shows the results of the
findings:
Observation Solution Action / Update
Insufficient bandwidth for internet connectivity Increase internet connectivity bandwidth New
connectivity implemented in London and Manchester, which is four times faster
Desktops are over 3 – 4 years old and are unreliable Replace desktops with faster newer ones for
reliability and speed Desktops replaced in London and Manchester with new version of Office 2016
and Windows 10 operating system
Laptops are not personalised, so the user needs to login into Citrix to access ECI systems. Files are
regularly copied on USB to work locally Rollout out new laptops with ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Offer a group training session on whoever wants it on a quarterly basis The first one on video
conferencing will start on 17th of August for the PA's and then slowly be offered to everyone
Improve security by deploying a second generation anti virus software, educate users on cyber
safety and follow a security framework for processes and policies Implement Bitdefender anti–virus
cloud solution as it also stops malware and phishing attacks.
Gain Cyber Essentials accreditation to provide ECI with a security framework to managed threats
and risks
Raise user awareness on Cyber Security threats Bitdefender is deployed now, and Cyber Essentials
certification has been obtained, with small policies to be implemented like password policy.
An external penetration test will be scheduled in Q4 along with an internal network scan
Simulated phishing test has been carried out and well as a cyber e–learning platform "Wombat." for
all ECI staff
Simplify ECI network by removing aging hardware Move to subscription cloud based services for
better reliability and low maintenance TBA as this is under review
2. itlab (Completed)

Support from itlab is still challenging even though they have helped ECI to implement the new

Passive Authentication Effect On Enterprise Security
Wechsler, 2012).
Passive Authentication Effect on Enterprise Security The primary goals of an enterprise's
information security efforts are to ensure that data are available to the users, the data maintains its
integrity, and that the information remains confidential. However, this means that their information
systems and networks are vulnerable to an increased number of malicious and opportunistic risks
(Stanciu & Tinca, 2016). The research conducted by Dahbur, Z. Bashabsheh, and D. Bashabsheh
(2017) describes the basic security elements that require consideration in an enterprise as the people,
technology, procedures, and policies. Among these, the role of technology is of interest when
considering a passive authentication model. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another consideration for an enterprise's passive biometrics implementation is the use of the
biometric templates. According to Bhatnagar–Spantzel et al. (2010), biometric templates are
analogous with source symbols collected at the time of registration, or enrollment. However,
depending on the biometric method used and compression available, these can become quite sizable
reducing the organization's storage capacity (Jain et al., 2000). In addition, biometrics can be
implemented either on the server or client side of a system. The fact that clients are remotely located
challenges its implementation. This is because this type of authentication gives the client
responsibility and authority for the authentication (Itakura & Tsujii, 2005). Nonetheless, efforts have
been made to strengthen client side authentication such as the inclusion of error–correcting code,
fuzzy concepts for behavior profiling, and key generation (Bhatnagar, Lall, & Patney, 2010). A final
consideration involves implementation itself. There are often challenges associated with integrating
the biometric authentication model with existing infrastructure (Charndra & Calderor, 2005).
Likewise, users often have strong resistance to utilizing new systems due to the struggle between its
characteristics and the social context of its use (Kim & Kankanhalli, 2009). Conclusion The
intention of this

Identifying Voice And Sms Api Providers For Two Factor...
A guide to evaluating voice and SMS API providers for two–factor authentication solutions
Introduction
Today, users of online services are very familiar with the process of typing in a username and
password, to securely access their accounts. Passwords however, are no longer considered very safe,
as they can be easily stolen, sniffed, guessed, or obtained through methods such as phishing and
malware attacks. Even strong and complicated passwords are susceptible to theft and therefore not
the best line of defense against hackers. That's why online service providers including banks, social
media websites, e–commerce portals, and email providers, among others, all understand the need to
protect the confidential data of their customers ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When building a two–factor authentication solution, you will need to integrate with a reliable voice
API and SMS API provider, to easily manage the sending of one–time passwords using text
messages or voice calls. This whitepaper will: Provide details on how two–factor authentication
works.
Highlight and explain the 'must–have' features in a robust two–factor authentication solution.
Help you evaluate the right SMS and Voice API provider to partner with, by explaining the
important factors that should influence your decision.
How two–factor authentication works
The two–step verification process in 2FA, often uses a combination of two of the following three
identification factors: 1. The Knowledge Factor:
This is something that only the user knows. It could be a password, a PIN, or an unlock pattern that
the user must enter, before accessing an account. Using this factor of identification alone is not very
secure. 2. The Possession Factor:
This is something that the user has, such as a device that can receive or generate a unique one–time
password (OTP) or randomized code that should be entered when prompted. The device could be a
mobile phone that receives an OTP via an SMS or voice call, or it could be a physical hardware
device such as a key fob that generates the code. An authenticator software could also be installed
on a device – this is a specialized application that many services now support. It has

Two Factor Authentication Essay
Why Two–Factor Authentication Technology is the Future of Data Security
Technology is constantly changing, leading us to adapt to its innovation. However, one aspect of
technology has stood the test of time for a long time. Passwords as a form of authenticating and
securing your digital accounts have not budged much. But with the rise of cybercrime, it seems the
old way of doing things is finally having to pave way for something new: two–factor authentication.
But what is two–factor authentication and why is it the future of data security?
How does two–factor authentication work?
Two–factor authentication (2FA) essentially adds another level of authentication for your log–ins.
Instead of using only your username and password, you need ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
According to FBI, "cyber criminals...obtain passwords more often than you think."
The problem with passwords is that they require to be extremely complex in order to be protective.
You also need a different password for all of your logins – this means password retention is hard.
This is problematic for both the user and the business. Both will be compromised in the event that
hackers obtain the password – businesses will need to spend a lot of money in preventing hacking,
but they are still vulnerable for users' lack of proper handling of passwords. Knowing where liability
lies in the event of hacking can be difficult.
With 2FA, you add that extra layer of security to your login. Even if the criminal is able to hack your
password, they can't do anything with it unless they also obtain access to your second authentication
method (your smartphone, hardware or your physical body). The one–time password can't be hacked
because it is generated once the login is initiated and it only works that single time (often including
an expiry). It's also not known for the user or the service provider – it adds an extra layer of security.
Previously, the biggest hurdle for 2FA has been the inconvenience of it. However, the experience is
constantly moving to a more convenient direction. Nowadays, mobile applications are able to use
NFC to transfer all the information that starts the process of login in. The seamless process only
requires the user to initiate the logging in with a

Emerging Technologies That Impact The Cybersecurity Field
The advancement in information technology and the dynamic nature of cyberspace has stimulated
the development of technologies that can exploit this domain. This paper researches various
emerging technologies that impact the cybersecurity field. The emerging technologies that are
discussed in this paper are based on advances in information systems, computing, and security. Each
emerging technology that is discussed in this paper is explained thoroughly, including information
on its characteristics and possible usage. Additionally, further information is provided regarding the
role the federal government has regarding its support for the emerging technology. Finally, the
benefits and drawbacks that support from the federal government creates for emerging technology is
described.
Emerging Cybersecurity Technologies
Emerging technology is a term that is utilized to describe technology that is or will be developed
within the next few years. As a result, these technologies are of great interest to many individuals
and organizations. For example, how the technology will be exploited will be dependent on the
characteristics and the usage of the technology.
The increased use of information and information systems has also created an increased dependency
on this technology. The development of the personal computer in the late 1970's – early 1980's in
itself was an emerging technology in its time. It provided the spark that set off a new revolution in
technology and led to the

Threats And Vulnerabilities Of Itrust
When discussing the threats and vulnerabilities of iTrust, it is important to identify the security
measures to potentially rectify or prevent additional security issues. The iTrust database application
presented quite a few threats and vulnerabilities. One threat discussed is the threat of a facility not
having the proper equipment needed to run a secure organization. For proper security, an
organization may need to invest in equipment or devices that are more secure out–of–the–box. This
means that computers and/or devices that are straight out–of–the–box are deemed to be more secure
in comparison to a computer/device that have been used.
In many cases, though the computer/device may have been swiped clean, it poses a much greater
threat if the system was susceptible to certain vulnerabilities before. In addition, with these secure
out–of–the–box systems it is important to verify proper installation. Organizations need to be sure
that third–party vendors are completely authorized to assure the information that is being installed
and updated is secure in the hands of vendors/suppliers.
Another issue that needs addressing when it comes to security is the configuration that is established
in iTrust. The iTrust organization has an issue with user access. When discussing user access
configuration, an organization may want to analyze possible configuration management. This would
entail having a server administrator that would monitor the content in a repository. In this

Hyper-V And Virtual Computer Expression From 2008 To 2008
From the transition from 2008 to 2012 there were many changes in respect to Hyper–V. There are
distinct services which were not available in 2008 which now make it much more robust than the
previous years. In 2012 Hyper–V allows for shared virtual hard disk. In doing this it is now possible
to share virtual HD files (.vhdx) between multiple virtual machines. This in turn makes it possible to
deploy a guest failover cluster which is no longer bound to storage topology. The shared virtual HD
is an ideal use for SQL Server database files, file server services running within a Virtual Machine,
or Database files which reside on shared disks. The quality of service within Hyper–V was also
increased with 2012. Unlike previously, Hyper–V ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These resources include display config, audio, printers, clipboard, smart cards, drivers, USB
devices, and supported plug and play devices. One final addition is the implementation of automatic
virtual machine activation. It is now possible to implement installs of VM on a computer where
Windows Server 2012 R2 is properly activated without having to manage product keys for each
individual VM. This is even in disconnected environments. The VM can be activated in remote
locations and with or without an internet connection. It is possible to track VM usage and licenses
from the virtualization server without requiring any access right to the virtual machines. There are
some major differences between 2008 and 2012 versions of Hyper–V regarding support of memory,
storage, network, and its overall manageability. In Windows Server 2008 physical memory was
limited to 1TB. There were only 512 virtual processors per host and 4 per virtual machine. Memory
per VM was limited to 64GB. There could only be 384 active Virtual Machines with cluster nodes of
16. Looking at the progression to 2012, the physical memory caps at 4TB. There are now 2,048
virtual processors per host and 64 per virtual machine. Memory per VM is now up to 1TB. There
can now be 1, 024 active Virtual Machines with cluster nodes of 64. Server 2012 now allows for live
storage migration within Hyper–V only being limited by what hardware will allow. The virtual disk
format VHDX allows for up to

Essay about The Vulnerability of Weak Passwords
Passwords
This lab was to discuss the vulnerability of weak passwords. We were thought how to crack our own
passwords using a method called "john the ripper". We also found out how secure various passwords
and how long it would take for a desktop Pc to crack these passwords. We looked up various
methods and applications to crack passwords.
Report Part One:
Explain & Preventions
Dictionary Attack =
A technique used to try and find the user's password by trying hundreds of different possibilities
many of these words from the dictionary.
Prevention =
Every time the password is typed in incorrectly the response time increases from the same ip address
used.
Brute Force Attack =
A technique that is a trial–and–error ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We then copied the file from the "C:" drive into the folder named "pentest" then to the "password"
folder and then into the "john" folder.
We then went to the menu bar and went into the "backtrack" menu option and clicked "privilege
escalation" option, then clicked "password attacks" then clicked "offline" and the clicked the option
"john the ripper" which then opens the a script application and we typed into the application "./john
hash.txt" which generated the users names and passwords we had originally created on the windows
operating system.
Report Part Three:
Password Management Tools
Comparing & Contrasting
Last Pass =
As extra security "Last Pass" is an add on for your browser which allows you to save the websites
you log onto and store and encrypt the passwords that you use to login into various websites so you

will never have to type in your password again which stops hackers from obtaining your password
because they will always be encrypted and only typed into the website the first time you ever log
into a new website and from then information will be auto generated into the form from the previous
login.
It also supports password generation for maximum password strength.
SuperGenPass =
As extra security SuperGenPass is a bookmarklet unlike "Last Pass" which is an add–on for your
browser, SuperGenPass transforms a master password into complex passwords for different

Questions On Article On Android Security
Assignment Title: CYBR–310–45 Week#6 Android Security By Kulbir Singh Kulbir.singh@att.com
By submitting this assignment I acknowledge that I have read and agree to abide by the Champlain
College Academic Honesty Policy. I declare that all work within this assignment is my own or
appropriately attributed. I accept that failure to follow the academic honesty policy may result in a
failure grade, or expulsion from Champlain College. Date Due: December 11, 2016 Date Submitted:
December 12, 2016 Introduction In this Assignment, I will be writing down the policy for using and
allowing of personal devices to connect to the company network for business use while keeping the
company data and infrastructure secure. Use the resources at the bottom of this page for a list of the
different settings that can be applied to mobile devices. You are developing a policy for your
organization that will be applied to ALL mobile devices (phones, tablets, etc) that connect to your
mail server. Write a paper explaining your policy choices for both Google and Microsoft. Provide an
overview of the organization and its needs as well as all the settings you would enable and why. If
there are settings that would be commonly used that you would choose not to apply (e.g., password
policy, encryption, remote wipe, etc) explain why you aren 't using that. Policy for Mobile devices
Organization Overview Our company provides Network support to Fortune 100 companies over the
world. We

Difference Between Open And Open Source Software
Sources of vulnerabilities can come from internal and external attack vectors; it can also stem from
lack of knowledge. Free and open source software offer significate benefits to an organization,
which can also pose a risk that can allow attackers to gain access to vital information on the network
server. Many security professionals use open source software to fast–track transport of digital
content. Open source application has many drawbacks, the fact that public source application is free
for anyone to use and possible alter. Software that is custom built has a better security rate than open
source software because security update features built into the application package. The analyst has
shown that 5,300 open source ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
attacked. Data exfiltration is the unauthorized transfer of data from corporate systems, whether those
systems are a user's computer or IT servers. Illegal transfers can be carried out by someone
manually or automatically via malicious programs across a network (Splunk, 2017). It wise for the
organization to invest in different security tools to combat the data exfiltration.
By using multiple platforms that can stream and identifies the intrusion attack can provide values for
the server by investigating the potential threat vectors. The isolated event can be studied by the
technology team to find a solution and prevent future issues from happening.
Splunk is a streaming application that provides capturing and analysis compatibilities.
Bring your own device –
Since the implementation of bringing your device to work policy, company's network the server is
vulnerable to potential attacks. I understand the purpose of the company mission by allowing their
employee 24/7 access. However, the bring your device policy pose a risk to the company's
infrastructure. Everyone has personal contacts, data, and picture on the smartphones, computer, and
tablets, by sharing the same device over a company network server can pose some security
interruption during normal business operation. Bring Your Device

Office 365 White Paper
Office 365™ Security
White Paper
Office 365™ Security
White Paper
© 2013 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This document is provided "as–is." Information
and views expressed in this document, including URL and other Internet Web site references, may
change without notice. You bear the risk of using it. This document does not provide you with any
legal rights to any intellectual property in any Microsoft product. You may copy and use this
document for your internal, reference purposes.
Introduction 2 Office 365™ Security 3 Built–In Security 4 24–Hour Monitored Physical Hardware 4
Isolated Customer Data 4 Automated Operations 4 Secure Network 4 Encrypted Data 4 Microsoft
Security Best Practices 5 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Built–In Security
24–Hour Monitored Physical Hardware
Office 365 data is stored in the Microsoft network of data centers, run by Microsoft Global
Foundation Services and strategically located around the world. These data centers are built from the
ground up to protect services and data from harm by natural disaster or unauthorized access. Data
center access is restricted 24 hours per day by job function so that only essential personnel have
access to customer applications and services. Physical access control uses multiple authentication
and security processes, including badges and smart cards, biometric scanners, on–premises security
officers, continuous video surveillance, and two–factor authentication. The data centers are
monitored using motion sensors, video surveillance, and security breach alarms. Security in the
event of natural disaster includes seismically braced racks where required and automated fire
prevention and extinguishing systems.
Isolated Customer Data
One reason Office 365 is both scalable and low cost is that it is a multi–tenant service (that is, data
from different customers shares the same hardware resources). Office 365 is designed to host
multiple tenants in a highly secure way through data isolation. Data storage and processing for each
tenant is segregated through Active Directory® structure and capabilities specifically developed to
help build, manage, and secure

Based On The Study Of Various Security Models Of Cloud
Based on the study of various security models of cloud computing we have proposed a new security
model of cloud computing the steps in the proposed security model are: first the user creates a local
user agent, and establish a temporary security certificate, and then user agents use this certificate for
secure authentication in an effective time. With this certificate, which includes the host name, user
name, user id, start time, end time and security attributes etc; the user's security access and
authorization is complete. When the user's task is to use the resource on the cloud service provider,
mutual authentication take place between user agent and specific application, while the application
checks if the user agents certificate is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Standards, procedures, and guidelines referred to as policy in the superior sense of a worldwide
information security policy [14].
Privilege Control: This security component is necessary to control cloud usage by different
individuals and organizations. It protects user's privacy and ensures data integrity and secrecy by
applying an anthology of rules and policies. Cloud users are granted different levels of access
permissions and resource ownerships based on their account type. Only authorized users can access
the authorized parts of the encrypted data through identity–based decryption algorithm. For
example, in a healthcare cloud, not all practitioners have the same privileges to access patient's data,
this may depend on the degree to which a practitioner is involved/specialized in treatment; patients
can also allow or refuse distribution their information with other healthcare practitioners or hospitals
[24]. Encryption/Decryption algorithms [23] such as AES [5] [7] and RC4 [6] can be employed by
this component to achieve confidentiality of information [22].
Data Protection: Data stored in the cloud storage resources may be very sensitive and critical, for
example, clouds may host electronic healthcare records (EHR) which contain patients' private
information and their health history [15]. They may also

3-D Password for More Security
ADVANCED E–SECURITY CP5603 MINOR RESEARCH REPORT
Submitted By: Neeraj Kumar
MIT–MBA
Student ID. : 12682310
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page no
ABSTRACT 3
INTRODUCTION 2–6
1.1 Authentication 5
1.2 Authentication Methods 5–6 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So, they create short, simple, and insecure passwords that are susceptible to attack. Which make
textual passwords easy to break and vulnerable to dictionary or brute force attacks. Graphical
passwords schemes have been proposed. The strength of graphical passwords comes from the fact
that users can recall and recognize pictures more than words. Most graphical passwords are
vulnerable for shoulder surfing attacks, where an attacker can observe or record the legitimate user's
graphical password by camera. Token based systems such as ATMs are widely applied in banking
systems and in laboratories entrances as a mean of authentication. However, Smart cards or tokens
are vulnerable to loss or theft. Moreover, the user has to carry the token whenever access required.
Biometric scanning is your "natural" signature and Cards or Tokens prove your validity. But some
people hate the fact to carry around their cards, some refuse to undergo strong IR exposure to their
retinas (Biometric scanning).
In this seminar, present and evaluate our contribution, i.e., the 3–D password. The 3–D password is
a multifactor authentication scheme. To be authenticated, we present a 3–D virtual environment
where the user navigates and interacts with various objects. The sequence of actions and interactions
toward the objects inside the 3–D environment constructs the user's 3–D password. The 3–D
password can combine most existing

Security Problems Of The Hospitality Industry
Security Problems in the Hospitality Industry:
In the realm of credit card fraud, online gambling sites, payday lending outfits and multilevel
marketing companies wear the label of 'high–risk merchants'. However with an estimated 38 percent
of all credit card fraud stemming directly from the hospitality industry, disproportionately high
compared to other sectors of multilevel marketing, hotels have earned themselves the unwelcome
'high–risk merchant' tag.
In the US for instance, in 2014, hotels generated an estimated $177 billion in annual revenue, but
there are several risk factors involved along the hotel pipeline.: large numbers of rotating guests,
reservations and credit card–based transactions, complex multichannel booking systems integrated
with dozens of third–party tools and supplemented by paper–based documentation, frequent
chargebacks, and heavy human interference from hotel personnel make up just a few of the factors
that make hotels susceptible to fraud.
The growing popularity of online travel has made it a prime target for cybercriminals. Travel
domain websites like Hotwire, Kayak, Expedia, Airbnb, Kayak and Priceline make booking and
buying easier than ever. Moreover, Travel and Hospitality data is rich and contains lot of customer
personal, payment and card information. However, all this rich data is not well protected against
phishing emails, fake booking websites, viruses and malwares that put the valuable customers
personal and financial information at

Authentication : Key Purpose Of Authentication
The main purpose of authentication is to determine whether someone or something is, in fact, who
or what it is declared to be. Authentication is used in just about all aspects of human life, your ATM
PIN, passwords, and your house keys are all good examples authentication. Aside for determining
whether someone or something is, in fact, who or what they are declaring to be authentication can
grant access. Once a user or object has been authenticated they can then be allowed access.
Authentication is only as good as the protection of the key, a good example of this is your house
keys. We have already determined that your house keys are a form of authentication, but how good
are your house keys if you give a copy of them to everyone you knew. This is where multi–factor
authentication come in handy, multi–factor authentication has provide to boost current security
features. It uses more than one secure object or password that only the user possess, knows, have, or
are. This authentication system can be further secured by making the system learn on its own. When
considering multi–factor authentication there are a couple of things to keep in mind: how multi–
factor authentication works, what is a multi–factor authentication learning system and how it works,
and what new technologies are out there for multi–factor authentication.
Multi–factor authentication is the combination of two or more independent credentials, what the
user knows (password), what the users has (house keys) or

Anthem Security Breach Case Study
In January 27, 2015, it was revealed that a security breach had occurred at Anthem, Inc (Ragan,
2015). The breach has been in position since December with hackers gaining access to massive
amounts of user and customer data. What kinds of mistakes did Anthem make? How bad were they?
Could they have had better protections in place? Would deeper cryptography have helped with the
security and safety of the data that Anthem kept? These are the questions we need to answer.
The discovery of the breach looks like it was made by accident, but, in truth, it was the work of a
savvy database administrator. The administrator noticed that his credentials were being used to run
queries that he didn't run. However, this wasn't the first time that hackers had tried to breach the
Anthem security precautions. In fact, they had tried multiple times, but failed each time until they
succeeded. The true power of the hackers was patience, which recalls the simple truth of security.
The simple truth of security, whether that security be physical or cyber, is that there is no system
which cannot be breached if you have enough time.
Aspects of the Breach The primary factor in this breach, as it very often is, was people. In the end,
it's always about people. A company can have the best security protections in place and the hackers
need is, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Of course, the subject of encryption has been addressed. On the other side, looking backwards, there
are a couple of extra suggestions. The most powerful step that Anthem should have taken was multi–
factor authentication. This would have prevented people outside of the immediate company being
able to access the data. A more powerful employee education about subjects such as phishing would
have given the employees more power to recognize attempted violations. Multi–factor
authentication and employee education would have made the penetration much less

Itc 520 : Foundations Of Computer Security
ITC 520 – Foundations of Computer Security
Project Phase–3
Chinthakuntla Laxmi Anvitha
Bala Tripura Sundari Kaza Venkata
CMU
Recap
Project Phase–1
1. Find a team member
Anvitha Reddy, Sundari Kaza
2. Come up with one of the recent attacks
RSA Phishing Attack (Zero–Day Exploit), Parent company – EMC
3. Identify the following:
a. Which year did the attack happen? On March 17, 2011 RSA revealed an attack on its two factor
authentication products, where the attacker tried to send phishing emails and tried to reclaim the
confidential or sensitive information from the parent company EMC.
b. At least one organization(s) that was a victim EMC
c. Vulnerability that caused the attack Vulnerability that caused the attack: A zero–day exploit
aiming a vulnerability in Adobe Flash in order to trickle another malicious file which is a backdoor
onto the receiver's desktop computer. By doing so, this gave the attackers a foothold to excavate
further into the network and obtain the access that they required.
d. Threat that led to the attack Here in this attack, the attacker attempted to send two targeted
phishing emails to four employees at its parent company EMC. The e–mails which were sent
included a malicious attachment which was been recognized in the subject line as "2011
Recruitment plan.xls." The attacker in this case tried to establish a customized unapproachable
administration tool which is known

Se578 Course Project
| Logistix Inc. Risk Assessment Report | SE578 – Practices for Administration of Physical &
Operations SecurityKeller Graduate School of ManagementPREPARED BY: PREPARED ON:
APRIL 9, 2011 | | Over the past several weeks an assessment of Logistix Information Security
posture has been under review from the perspective of both an insider looking out hoping to protect
the organizations information assets and as an outside looking in attempting to gain unauthorized
access to the organizations information assets. The overall objective of this assessment is to get a
clear and concise picture of the organizations security posture and determine where any and all
potential vulnerabilities lie, determine who might exploit the ... Show more content on
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Most organizations do not like to implement strict password policies as this is relatively undesirable
by the organizations users. However, failure to implement such a policy leaves the organization very
vulnerable to someone being able to gain unauthorized access. There are several courses of action
that can be taken by the organization to mitigate this threat. One that would practically eliminate the
threat would be implement a multi–factor authentication system. This requires that the user
attempting to authenticate must have multiple items to authenticate whether it is something they
have such as an ID card combined with something they know such as a PIN, or something they
know such as their username, and something they are such as a fingerprint. This form of
authentication makes it almost impossible for an unauthorized user to gain accesses, because if they
are able to obtain one part of the equation, say the part that someone knows, they must also obtain
the second part which is something that person has or is. Without these two separate keys, the
unauthorized user won't be able to unlock the door and obtain access to the organizations
information resources. Although implementing a multi–factor authentication solution can be
relatively expensive and time consuming. So if the organization chooses to stay with a single–factor
authentication system, then they need to implement a strict password policy that requires complex
passwords, along

Application Of Using Smart Card
Abstract–The objective is to give authorized clients access to sensitive data, while ensuring the data
from others. We are planning to implement it utilizing three factor authentication scheme combines
a one–time secret key plan for customer validation (one time password), biometric password and
secure flash card (smart card). Our fundamental design contemplations were security, execution,
convenience, accessibility, and scale. Biometric scan can be implemented using smart card. The
created secure flash card has tamper resistant module, which contains client validation data and
security keys, thus the system is highly secure. The point of interest of this methodology is that the
client 's biometric information is not imparted to remote server. At the same time the inconvenience
is that the remote server must trust the smart card to perform legitimate confirmation which prompts
different vulnerabilities. A nonspecific and secure system is proposed to overhaul two–factor
authentication to three–component authentication. The transformation not just altogether enhances
the data confirmation requiring little to no effort additionally secures customer protection in
disseminated frameworks. Furthermore, this system holds a few practice–accommodating properties
of the fundamental two–component authentication, which we accept is of autonomous investment.
I. INTRODUCTION
Now a day's association needs to fall back on utilizing firewalls to secure themselves from would–
be dangerous

Multi Tenancy, Resource Utilization, And Software
Today's businesses can attain applications on demand using cloud computing. Multi–tenancy is a
significant feature of cloud computing in which a single application is shared among multiple
tenants. Multi–tenancy offers variety of advantages including cost savings, resource utilization,
version control and more. Currently more applications are moved from organization's internal
infrastructure to data centers using shared infrastructure that provide Software as a Service (SaaS) to
large number of organizations. This paper is devoted to discussing different options for
implementing multitenancy such as An Efficient Schema Shared Approach for Cloud Based
Multitenant Database with Authentication & Authorization Framework and A Non–Intrusive Multi–
Tenant Database For Large Scale Applications. Finally analyze the two solution with various factors.
General Terms
Tenant,Meta Data,Security,XML Objects
Keywords
Multi–tenancy, resource utilization, Software as a service
1. INTRODUCTION
The Cloud Computing refers to "Computing over the Internet".It came from Grid,utility and web
services.It is a combination of network,servers,storage ,operating system and virtualization
technologies to form a shared infrastructure that enables web–based value added services.End users
access cloud–based applications through a web browser or a light–weight desktop or mobile
application.The business software and user 's data are stored on servers at a remote location. The
cloud model comprises five

Risks Associated With Using A Public Infrastructure
Assess the probable difficulties and risks associated with using a public infrastructure such as the
Internet as part of a business solution.
In December of 1997 ING Life Insurance Company made the critical decision to move their
communication and transaction services for their brokers to an extranet structure. This move
allowed over 2000 brokers to connect to an improved, streamlined network which allowed them the
ability to conduct business in minutes instead of hours.
The extranet can give a business new life by providing a self–service channel for partners to
complete critical orders and transactions. The extranet is a direct link to the company's data servers
through the internet. This access is beneficial to both parties but also ... Show more content on
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A company should have back up contingencies to deal with potential outages. Business partners can
ill afford delays in placing their orders and transactions. Supply chain management is very sensitive
to this issue and proper recovery planning should be in place to anticipate these losses.
Analyze ING's solution for providing security to determine if the solution is adequate or inadequate.
Provide a rationale for your answer.
ING set up their extranet solution with with a firewall situated between the internet (web based
browser on a broker's pc) and the a router connected to NT servers containing IBM host on demand
and Lotus Notes. Also, the router is connected to an SNA gateway which is connected to the
companies mainframe data servers. The Web–to–host software uses SSL to secure transactions over
the internet. The company also employed security consultants to assess the system for vulnerabilities
on the network.
This configuration may have been adequate at the time of implementation, but presents some overall
flaws which can be exploited. The internet is based on the the TCP/IP protocols which were
originally intended to be open. "The TCP/IP protocols and technology are inherently designed to be
open. TCP/IP is a connectionless protocol; data is broken up into packets which travel freely over
the network, seeking the best possible route to reach their final destination. Therefore, unless proper
precautions are taken, data

Synopsis Of The Security Comparison
Synopsis The following table displays the synopsis of the security comparison:
Functions Oracle SQL Server
Authentication Authentication by OS, Network, Oracle, multi–tier, SSL, and database
administrators. Windows authentication integration.
Mixed mode of Windows and SQL Server maintained within SQL Server.
Authorization User resource limits and profiles. Privileges. Roles. Applications Roles. Fine–Grained
Access Control. Fixed server, database, and users roles.
Ownership and User–schema separation.
Least privileges. Role–based. Ownership chains.
Data Encryption Key–based transparent data encryption of columns and tablespaces. Internal
certificate store manages asymmetric or symmetric keys and certificates.
Auditing Enterprise Manager administers various types, records, and trails. SQL Server Audit trace
events, notifications, successful and unsuccessful logins.
Strengths
Oracle can provide advance security and compliance capabilities with the addition of Enterprise
Edition and the release of Oracle 12c. One feature, Label Security, has the ability to control access
based on data classification and enforce multi–level security policies. Another, Data Redaction,
reduces the amount of sensitive data and Transparent Data Encryption encrypts the data as it leaves
the database. Third, Database Firewall and Audit Vault, provides first line defenses before access
into the database. Fourth, Key Vault, provides central management of encryption keys, Oracle
Wallets, and

Mobile Communication Is Multi Hop Ad Hoc Systems
INTRODUCTION: The Latest advances in Wireless Communications have extended conceivable
applications from straightforward voice services in early cell systems to new incorporated
information applications. These days, numerous up to date cellular telephones are likewise
incorporated with functionalities including FM radio, advanced camera, and MP3 player. Hence, the
services upheld by mobile communications have extended from basic voice to sight and sound, for
example, video conferencing and portable gaming. These new services require a higher service
quality and also more prominent information rate. Moreover, with mobile access to the Internet, the
expanding development in information movement will further drive the requirement for higher data
transmission. Current foundations that bolster mostly voice activity are confronting an incredible
test in meeting both the transmission capacity and quality of service requests of future mobile
communication clients. For mobile communication, one concept with successful improvement is
customary single–hop cell frameworks where a mobile station (MS) speaks specifically with a base
station (BS) [1]. Another idea of mobile communication is multi hop ad hoc systems, which are
infrastructure less, self–sorting out and quickly deployable with no site arranging, dissimilar to
traditional cell systems. At the point when associations need to move between heterogeneous
systems for performance and high–accessibility reasons, consistent

Security Requirements of the Organization Essay
Security requirements of the organization
First we will ensure that the system is physically secured. The room that will house the server will
be in a secured area with multi–leveled security such as a keypad and additional locks. The room
will have an air conditioner to ensure that the system remains cool and secured. Once the routers
have been configured and secured, the next thing we will put in place is ACL list. This list would
restrict movement and access to files that are not related to the job description. We will create
restrictions that will apply to workstations and must have user authentication. Once the
authentication is successful, those restrictions are then applied as Registry settings providing an
efficient way to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Any organization security requirements needed.
Hardening the network by conducting updating software and hardware to ensure the security of the
system is an important part of network. Hardening involves an ongoing process of ensuring that all
networking software together with the routers are password protected. These routers are updated
with the latest vendor supplied patches and fixes. Since most routers and wireless access points
provide a remote management interface which can be accessed over the network, it is essential that
such devices are protected with strong passwords. There is also a need for a security plan that will
ensure that the planned security controls are fully documented. It is the configuration management
plan, contingency plan and the incident response plan, Security awareness, a training plan and the
regulatory compliance.
Detailed suggestions of software, hardware and other security measures required.
We will use Avast antivirus, firewalls and strong passwords. Avast antivirus has a built in scan
system that will scan all emails and incoming files. It has a program that warns against harmful sites
and you can schedule full scans upon startup. It has real–time shields and a built in firewall for
ultimate protection. Since firewalls act like filters, they will help monitor data traffic between your
network and the internet. Most firewalls

Financial Institutions in Pakistan Face Security...
Financial Institutes are facing large security challenges as they confront a changing threat landscape,
managing the complex password policies and counterstriking the password hacking by social
engineering/online tools and the shift towards greater mobility are quite challenging tasks for IT
professionals.
NIB Bank is the largest foreign bank in Pakistan in terms of its branch network and one of the
largest corporate entities of the country with a paid up capital of Rs.103 billion. The Bank through
its banking footprint of 179 branches in 59 cities of the country continues to serve its more than
450,000 customers for all their financial needs. As a financial institution NIB Bank plays a vital role
in supporting Pakistan's economic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As customers take the opportunities offered by moving towards virtualized and cloud environments
RSA authentication can help IT and security teams bring trust to information access as they seek to
protect identities, secure transactions and safeguard valuable information.
To ensure audit compliance and security best practices, Wateen Telecom created a separate DMZ
(Demilitarized Zone) on the internet firewall and placed the RSA authentication server within the
DMZ. Now a remote access user can connect to the firewall using two VPN Clients; a Cisco VPN
Client and a Shrew VPN Client.
Result
The addition of the RSA Suite made a significant impact for NIB Bank. The team of NIB Bank is
now able to gain detailed insight into the location and flow of sensitive data across its business units,
at the push of a button. Since deployment, the Secure–ID technology has preformed reliably for NIB
Bank, ensuring consistent access protection across its network.
Some of the key features of the solution are its ability to move beyond unsafe password practices,
strong authentication in preventing unauthorized local and remote access to information and
network resources, strong authentication as a business enabler supporting employee mobility, and a
choice of hardware,

The Security Of Online Banking
Billions of financial data transactions occur online every day and bank cybercrimes take place every
day when bank information is compromised by skilled criminal hackers by manipulating a financial
institution's online information system. This causes huge financial loses to the banks and customers.
The evolution history of attacks began more than 10 years ago. Its sophistication has increased on
par with the new security technologies adopted by the bank industry intended to mitigate the
problem. This means there are some flaws in the security of online banking that results in loss of
money of many account holders along with leakage of their personal information to unauthorized
persons.
3.2.1 Banking websites
According to a recent study by University of Michigan, in an examination of 214 bank Websites,
more than 75 percent of bank websites have at least one design flaw that could lead to the theft of
customer information and flaws are ones that even an expert user would find difficult to detect and
unlike bugs, cannot be fixed with a patch. It was recommended to use SSL throughout the entire
website and to avoid using links to third–party sites. Secure banking websites have become an
integral part of our day–to–day life from our personal to our job–related business. A survey
conducted by Pew Internet states 42% of all internet users bank online. With 24/7 access from
around the world users can view balances, transfer funds and lots more at their convenience using
online

A Report On Financial Institutions
Overview:
Financial institutions continues to be challenged by the inherent risks that are associated to the loss
of customer data through the compromise of security controls. As Information Security continues to
grow, the lack of effective security controls such as authentication continues to one of the key
components leading to data breaches across all industries.
For this purpose, SecureKey contracted with a leading independent security governance, risk
management and compliance (GRC) firm Coalfire Systems, Inc., to provide a security review of
their SecureKey briidge.net Connect solution.
Given that, in the age of Internet banking, recent data breaches continue to raise security awareness.
Consequently, many financial institutions are relying on guidance provided by the Federal Financial
Institutions Examination Council ("FFIEC"), in effort to prevent the risk of identity theft and
fraudulent transactions.
Our assessment of the SecureKey briidge.net Connect solution considered FFIEC requirements for
authentication in an Internet Banking Environment. The objectives of our security review included:
1. An assessment of the overall design and architecture of the SecureKey briidge.net Connect
solution;
2. Technical evaluations of SecureKey's mobile and web applications' authentication capabilities;
and
3. Monitoring network traffic to confirm that fields which are configured for encryption do not
appear to be transmitting clear text data.
Target Audience:
The

Literary Review:Efficacy Of Biometric Passive Authentication
Literary Review: Efficacy of Biometric Passive Authentication Methods
These days, users have been faced with an ever–increasing number of passwords and the cognitive
restrictions associated with them. Furthermore, authenticating with typical passwords means
checking the user's identity once and never questioning who utilizes a system after that process has
finished. Nevertheless, new strides have been made in passive authentication, which would allow
users to authenticate with a system continuously throughout their session by implementing methods
such as keystroke dynamics, pulse–response biometrics, and monitoring user behavior. Not only do
these methods propose to constantly, or periodically to verify a user's identity, they are not ... Show
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Consequently, the question that would need to be asked is: How does passive authentication
methods impact the issues of time–cost economics, cognitive limitations of users, and the robustness
of a system's security within the context of an enterprise 's information security effort?
Domain
Numerous methods have been proposed that would try to alleviate the inferior characteristics
associated with text–based passwords such as time for the user and cost to the organization,
password retention, and propensity to create security risks. Among these methods, passive
authentication uses various biometric approaches for continuous authentication of the user's identity.
This involves combinations of methods such as keystroke dynamics, pulse–response biometrics,
retinal scanning, hand geometry, fingerprint scanning, and monitoring a user's behavior. (Li, Clarke,
Papadaki, & Dowland, 2014).
The framework of the study is to explore the efficacy of passive authentication methods from an
Information Security standpoint, to ascertain its impact on users' time–cost economics, cognitive
limitations, and impact on system security within and enterprise's information security environment.
Purpose Statement This study aims to explore the efficacy of biometric passive authentication
methods to affect time–cost economics, cognitive burden experienced by users, and enterprise
security within an organizational setting. Rationale
The

Password Security Essay
We have entered a time of transition when it comes to password security. For so long we have relied
on passwords to be our walls of defense for our digital security. We have set passwords for our
computer log in, when internet banking began to boom we created passwords for our banks, for our
online shopping we began to create accounts with passwords. As time as password we have reached
a point in 2017 the average business employee has 191 passwords stored on their computer
according to researchers at Lastpass (1). As the number of passwords that each of us have has
increased we have attempted to simplify passwords in all the wrong ways. We have shortened our
passwords, so they are easier to remember. In fact at the moment the average ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the innovative solutions I have seen for this is brewing in the cryptocurrency sphere, a
technology known as blockchain which was originally created as a digital ledger for tracking
cryptocurrency is being moved from that sphere to a new form of authentication technology
However, before we begin with looking at how we can shift to a whole new setup we must look at
our current trends of password security and our current paths. We humans are habitual creatures that
are use to the ways of the password. Therefore, before we throw it all a way and start over again it's
important we do some soul searching when it comes to our current systems. I believe the best way to
get a better understanding of our current path is to look at what are our current major issues we are
trying to solve.
One of the first problems we are having with our current password systems is the fact many people
are using the same password at different websites. This is not just a new phenomenon either in face
researchers have found "According to a new report, nearly 3 out of 4 consumers use duplicate
passwords, many of which have not been changed in five years or more." (4) Our password system
is broken, we have a majority of the world putting their banking details, private details, behind a
system that they can't keep up with. However, we have become accustom to it and have reached a
place to where we are not questioning if this is the best solution become we have a false sense of
security that

Managing Users in Heterogeneous IT Landscapes
One of the main challenge organizations is facing is managing users in heterogeneous IT landscapes.
Organizations are preferring the access control via role management (Franqueira, V. N. L et al.,
2012). With the evolving responsibilities, the system landscape is becoming more and more
complex and difficult to manage and track (SAP1, 2012). With SAP NetWeaver Identity
Management (IdM), we can manage identities and their authorizations centrally in both SAP and
non–SAP system landscapes. This comes with employee self–services and SAP BusinessObjects
Access Control formerly GRC (Governance, risk management, and compliance) (SAP2, 2012)
integration which helps in risk detection and mitigation and makes identity management more
compliant. Using NetWeaver IdM, a highly customizable framework we can provide joint
authentication for all business processes and a single sign–on as a secure identity management
solution. Driving factors for implementation of Identity management include a decrease in
operational cost, frequently evolving business processes with increasing complexity and inability to
de–provision a user completely. Many challenges come from the desire to grant single–sign–on
access to collections of resources that might have contradictory access–protection rules (Buell, D.A.
et al., 2003). The functions of NetWeaver IdM include role management, Identity Virtualization,
data synchronization, customized work–flows and approval process, password management, identity

Questions On Amazon, Apple, Google, And Honan Himself
(1) For each of the following actors, make a list of assumptions made by the following actors that
may have appeared valid in isolation, but were not valid in the combination described in Honan 's
article: Amazon, Apple, Google, Twitter, and Honan himself. The following are the list of
assumptions made in isolation by the following actors: Amazon: 1) Amazon allows adding of credit
card information through requests from telephone calls. This makes it convenient for the customer,
but in this case it allowed the hacker to add a part of identity information by just knowing basic
details 2) Amazon allows the user to add an email address by telephone if the credit card
information among other details are known. This seems like a valid procedure by in Honan 's case
the hacker used the self added credit card information. Apple: 1) In a normal case a user who has
information about the billing address, last 4 digits of credit card and email can usually be trusted.
The hacker knew the last 4 digits of the credit card through the Amazon exploit and was able to
access the Apple account 2) Apple 's feature of remote wipe is particularly for the scenario wherein
the customer loses his Mac or iPhone. But by gaining access to the account, the hacker was able to
remote wipe all the devices. 3) As mentioned in the case of Amazon, administration of account
settings through the telephone for the sake of convenience was how the hacker gained control of the
account. Google: 1) Google allows

Forensic Investigation On Identification Theft
Identification theft sufferers grows everyday including the number of occurrences that call for
computer forensics investigation in mandate to resolution this kinds of wrongdoing. Computer
forensic investigation deals with identify theft but they have a process and steps to follow that also
deals with the chain of custody.
Introduction
Identification theft along with digital proof have a series of mandate that's goes along successfully
with computer forensics investigation. The concerns regarding the significance individual approach
of identification theft episodes to processer wrongdoing.
Forensic Process
In mandate to handle these defies you have to follow the correct forensic processes. However was
have 4 phases amid these processes that are collection, examination, analysis, as well as reporting.
In the collection phase you are probing for, identifying, gathering, along with keeping record of
electronic proof. Also in the collection phase you might comprise real time as well as stowed info
that can be missing if safety measures are not in use at the crime scene. The procedure of the
investigation can make the proof noticeable plus the intricate on its derivation along with
significance. First of all the assignment is to write down the gratified along with the circumstance of
the proof in full amount. Documentation helps them to find out the contents of the proof. To search
for undercover or even hidden info happens in this phase. The moment all the info has

Identity And Access Management (Iam) Is A Vital Part Of
Identity and Access Management (IAM) is a vital part of any organization's security. Quite often, it
is overlooked or not deemed important enough to invest in. It is very important for all employees,
new and existing, to be given the proper access to the resources they need, and to be restricted from
accessing resources they do not need, in order to perform their job. If the wrong access is given, an
employee can either accidentally or intentionally change or destroy company data. Furthermore, a
weak IAM policy leaves an organization open to external attacks. IAM is one of the most important,
if not the most important, part of computer security.
There are three steps to Identity and Access Management: Identification, Authentication, ... Show
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Passwords should not contain dictionary words. Most passwords must be at least eight characters
long and use two or more of the above character types. Longer and more complex passwords make
discovering them more difficult for a hacker. Even with these safeguards, there is still a problem.
CEO of Biometrics Signature ID Jeff Maynard stated that "armed with that information, users can
access everything from medical records and bank accounts to credit card information, emails, and
other sensitive information. The problem, of course, is that anyone armed with the same login
credentials can also access the same information" (1). This is what happened with both the Sony
Pictures attack in 2014 and the Target breach in 2013 that compromised their customer's credit and
debit cards.
The second authentication type, something you are, usually involves some type of biometric
information about an individual. This can be a fingerprint, an eye scan, voice print, or facial
recognition. Fingerprint scans allow for positive identification with a low probability of
misidentification. They also serve to both identify and authenticate a user. Eye scanners involve a
scan of a person's iris, or the blood vessels in a person's eye in order to make a positive
identification. Both methods are usually used for access to physical assets. Both eye

Implementing a New Wide Secure Wireless Network at Brigham...
Introduction
Brigham Young University Hawaii Campus wants to implement a campus wide secure wireless
network. In their existing system there are some network security flaws such as rouge access point
(Easily accessible open network), anyone can access and capture important information of users. We
have been hired by the BYU–HAWAII to design and install a wireless network solution for the
university.
EXISTING SYSTEM
Users–3000
User type–Students, Faculty and staff
Problems in Existing system
Open network (no authentication and authorization):easily accessible by outsider or by any guest
user. Anyone can access users (students, faculty)'s important information easily. No monitoring of
network.
Existing network design In the existing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The security and privacy of students' records is extremely important. Therefore we want to employs
firewalls, data encryption and email protection as a means of protecting confidential student
information.
In the proposed network two floors of each building will be connected with multi layer switch which
is further connected to the access points, results to be cost effective due to use of multi layer switch
instead of single switch for each floor .considering xirrus in the coming future will be even more
better for the campus network as that will replace the excess access points.
The communication between the three buildings can be maintained by two methods either the
leasing of Dark Fibre for Private Network from one of the ISP. This service provides optical Fibre as
point to point connection between both premises but it's not the cost effective.
Another option would be to install WiMAX Directional Antenna's on top of both buildings giving
clear Line Of Sight between them.
The line–of–sight service, where a fixed dish antenna points straight at the WiMAX tower from a
rooftop or pole, the line–of–sight connection is stronger and more stable, so it's able to send a lot of
data with fewer errors. Line–of–sight transmissions use higher frequencies, with ranges reaching a
possible 66 GHz. At higher frequencies, there is less interference and lots more bandwidth.

Proposed design with Additional High–End Equipments
In this proposed design we have added

Technology Giant- Adobe Corporation
In 2013, technology giant Adobe Corporation faced the biggest security disaster in its history;
computer hackers stole three million customer credit card records including source codes from
various Adobe products. This disaster shows what may happen to technology companies and how
they may face reputational challenge as well as financial risk if computer system is not secured.
Security disasters between Adobe and cloud computing environments have numerous differences.
Security disasters in cloud computing environments can destroy all of the user data which can
eventually destroy the business of that particular company. Cloud computing extends the context of
technology beyond the imagination; it can be described as a large number of connected computers
which can be accessed through the internet which has numerous benefits, such as storing data,
collaborating with a team, saving time and saving money. As technological business is evolving
rapidly, security concerns become the biggest headache for corporate leaders and also become a
large area to research. Eventually, most of the corporate data centers are being replaced by this new
computing environment and have become a most cost effective enterprise computer network for all
kinds of users from corporate to personal. An increased number of cloud computing networks have
huge security challenges. Giant technology companies like Microsoft, Google, and Amazon are
aware of the transition of cloud computing environment and

U.s. Department Of Homeland Security
On March 31, 2016, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Federal Bureau of
Investigation (FBI) started a nationwide campaign to warn against the dangers faced by the U.S.
utilities against the cyberattacks. According to DHS, there were an estimated 331 hacks or physical
attacks against the U.S. power grid from 2011 to 2014. As of February 2016, they are occurring at a
rate of once every 4 days. "A major cyberattack on the U.S. electric grid could cause over $1 trillion
in economic damage, estimates ThreatTrackSecurity.com." (MacDonald, 2016, pg. 2). To detect a
cyberattack on the power grid, Western Interconnection should implement a system that will allow
public and private authorities to receive Indications and Warning (I&W) when a cyberattack is in its
early phase. Koester and Cohen (2012) discuss their Electric Power Grid Indications & Warning
Tool in their paper. The purpose of this tool is "to provide near real–time I&W to alert private and
public sector authorities when the likely causes of outage events are malicious activity." (Koester &
Cohen, 2012, p. 1). The tool minimizes false alarms due to severe weather and high temperatures.
Implementing this solution will allow administrators at the Western Interconnection power grid to
take precautionary measures as necessary. For example, the substations can be manually shutdown
in case of a cyberattack, to prevent potential damage and spread of malware. In addition to the
aforementioned tool, a

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