INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY

1. INTRODUCTION
TO BIOLOGY
Prepared by: Ariel C. Piol, LPT

2. Why do we need to study biology?
SOCIETAL PHILOSOPHICAL
PERSONAL
 Medicine
 Public Health
 World wide water
crisis
 Evolution
 Genetics
 To be informed
 Support your cause
 Make it you life work

3. BIOLOGY (Bahy – ol – uh – jee )
It comes from the German word “Bio” and
“Logo”.
Bio = life
Logo = study
It is the branch of science that deals
with study of life.

4. THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
 Observation
 Hypothesis
 Experimentation
 Conclusion

5. Observation
An observation is a thoughtful and
careful
recognition of an event or a fact.
The careful observation of a
phenomenon
leads to a question.
How does this happen?
What causes it to occur?

6. Hypothesis
Hypothesizing
propose possible solutions to questions
based on what is already understood
about the phenomenon
Hypotheses must:
–be logical
–account for all current information
–make the least possible assumptions
–be testable

7. Testing Hypothesis
Hypotheses need to be tested to see if they
are supported or disproved.
–Disproved hypotheses are rejected
–Hypotheses can be supported but not
proven
Ways to test a hypothesis:
–Gathering relevant historical information
Retrospective Studies
–Make additional observations from the
natural world
–Experimentation

8. Experiment
–rigorous tests to determine if the solutions
are supported
Experiments attempt to recreation an
occurrence
–tests whether or not the hypothesis can be
supported or rejected
There are many types of experiments
–laboratory, clinical trials, surveys,
statistical analyses

9. Theories: It may be defined as a widely
accepted, plausible general statement
about a fundamental concept in science.
Outcome of an experiment.
Develop or show fit with current
scientific theories or law.
Conclusion
Laws: It is a uniform and constant fact
of nature that describes what happens in
nature.

10. THE CELL
LESSON 1:

11. CELL
The smallest living unit of organism

12. TWO TYPES OF CELL
Eukaryotic Cell
Prokaryotic Cell
They have organelles that
include nucleus and other
special parts.
They don’t have nucleus
or membrane includes
organelles.

13. CELL STRUCTURE
ORGANELLES
NUCLEUS
The control center
of
the cell.
Contains DNA
(Deoxyribonucleic acid)

14. CHROMATIN
(Tangled spread out form of DNA
found inside the nuclear membrane)
NUCLEOLUS
(Ribosomes are made)

15. CYTOPLASM
The jelly like
substance found
inside the cell
membrane
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
Two types of ER.
1. rER
2. sER
Passage way for
transporting material.

16. GOLGI APPARATUS
Folding the protein in
to the usable shape or
adding other material
such as lipids and
carbohydrates
VACUOLES
A sack like structures
that stores different
materials

17. LYSOSOME
They are filled with
enzymes that break
down the cellular
debris.
MITOCHONDRIA
The power house of
the cell.

18. CYTOSKELETON
Maintained the
shaped of the cell.
It contains a thread
like microfilaments
which is made of
protein .
It contains a thread
like microtubules.

19. CHOLOROPLAST
Is where
photosynthesis
happen.
CHOLOROPHYLL
The green pigments.

20. CELL WALL
The one who protect the plant cell.

21. SUMMARY