Part2 Cmit 350 Essay

Part2 Cmit 350 Essay
CMIT 350 WAN and SOHO Skills Implementation UMUC Winter 2015 Springfield Site Configuration: Required Implementation: Device hostnames,
banners, secured passwords and spanning tree protocol. * Device Configurations: Implement device hostnames to match the xACME educational
topology labels. Provide a template and sample configuration for the MOTD banner and login banner (wording and implementation) for one of the
switches. Keep this generic, as it will be implemented on all switches in the xACME educational topology. Lastly, include the configuration steps for
implementing device passwords on both console port (out–of–band communications) and VTY (Telnet/in–band communications). All passwords should
be encrypted. Required... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
End 5. Copy run start Create VLAN's 1. Conf t 2. Vlan 1 3. Name (Faculty, Instructional, Administrative, Server) 4. End 5. Copy run start Assign ports
to VLANs on all switches: 1. Enable 2. Conf t 3. Int gi0/1 4. Switchport mode access vlan 1 5. End 6. Copy run start Configure trunking between
switches * Interface gi0/1 (gi0/2, etc., on every switch) * Switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q * Switchport mode trunk * Switchport trunk Make
Switch1 as primary root bridge for all VLANs * Switch1(config)#spanning–tree vlan1 root primary Configure security for bogus BPDU 1. Enable 2.
Conf t 3. Switch(config)#int gi0/1 4. switch(config–if)#spanning–tree bpduguard enable 5. end 6. copy run start * Spanning Tree Protocol (STP):
Briefly explain the advantages and purpose of the STP. Administrators are having a difficult time placing switch 1 as the root. Provide a sample
configuration for implementing SPT on the switches. Choose the mode you feel would be best suited for the environment and justify why. Switch 1
will need to be the root switch in the Springfield topology. Consider any security measures that can be implemented to protect the devices from bogus
BPDUs. In local area networks (LANs) computers compete for the use of telecommunication paths all the time. If too many computers are trying to
send data
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The Influence Of The Internet
The internet was created to change way we work everyday. It has become the way we work, think, and communicate to one another. Just about every
job requires you to use the internet to get the job done easier, and more efficiently. Without life these days would be extremely difficult. What is the
internet? The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite to link devices worldwide. Who
invented the internet? Two men by the names of Robert E. Kahn and Vint Cerf are the creators of the internet. Why was the internet created? "The first
workable prototype of the Internet came in the late 1960s with the creation of ARPANET, or the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network.
Originally funded by the U.S. Department of Defense, ARPANET used packet switching to allow multiple computers to communicate on a single
network." (Andrew) Reason number one why the internet has changed our lives, is because we as human beings are not patient enough. The internet
allows us to contact others and get a response sooner than we would if we were to write a letter and put it through the mail system. The internet can
bring us entertainment, Information, and the insight faster than anything, but the quickness of the information hurt us; in fact, Most people have lost
their patients with society, because they are used to the way they gather information from the internet, and are not able to be patient when the internet is
not able to deliver

Skype And The Internet Protocol Essay
Skype is a texting and voice chat application that permits clients to associate with each other from any part of globe with Internet access. Skype is one
of the most well–known and leading voice communication services in the world. Skype is free, which implies that you can check the product without
making any investment. It was created by Niklas Zennstro and Janus Friis in 2003. Five years later, eBay one of the world's largest online commercial
center purchased Skype for $2.6 billion. Finally, in 2011, the software giant Microsoft purchased Skype from eBay for $8.5 billion. Skype has nearly
663 million users worldwide. Through these numbers, we can know how much popularity Skype has gained within a short span of time.
Skype is one of the least expensive Voice–over Internet–Protocol (VoIP) service. Furthermore, the subscriptions are done within minutes. Skype can be
downloaded and run on any platform with free of cost. Any Skype client can interact with others, using the Skype call which is available for free. A
group call up to twenty–five members is possible. To improve its revenue, Skype started using freemium model. This strategy clearly states that it
offers free services to the customers and also lowers the cost by Skype's P2P technology. Rather than following the traditional client–server approach,
Skype decided to use peer–to–peer model ("P2P") which makes a direct communication between clients with low search time and self–sustainability.
The backbone of

Technology And Its Role On Communication
SUMMARY
With the passage of time men has advanced in technology in fulfilling his needs and desires. After the mechanical evolution world is now living in
evolution of Informational Technology. Mechanical evolution innovate means of transportation whereas Information Technology invented a new way
of communication called Internet. Astoundingly communication can be done from anytime anyplace all over the world through internet. The number of
people especially among young generations internet is gaining popularity exponentially. I aimed this research to understand its history, development,
benefits to mankind and its role on communication. After the invention of computer in 1950, world got familiar with the concept of internet. Professor
Kleinrock demonstrated sending of messages from University of California to Stanford Research Institute by using ARPANet (Advanced Research
Project Agency Network). Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) developed and supported research projects in 1970 whose focus was on
communication. In 1973 Robert Elliot 'Bob' Kahn with Vint Cerf invented TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) / IP (Internet Protocol) which is still
the heart of Communication protocol in Internet. In 1989 web technician created World Wide Web (WWW) and in 1990 it was opened for unlimited
public use. Finally VOIP (Voice Over IP) was invented in 1990 and we are all enjoying the free calling software application on internet like Skype.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sr. No.Title Page

Description Of A Working Mic
In Game Name: My in game name is Bradyy but I am known on other servers as Temperinq
Where are you from ? (E.g US or EU & timezone): I am from Ireland this means I am EU and my Timezone is GMT.
Age: I am currently 14 years old.
(Male/Female): I am a male.
Do you have Slack/Teamspeak/Skype?: ( A working Mic are required) Yes I have TeamSpeak and Skype I don 't currently have Slack but I have used it
before while staff on other servers, Also I do indeed have a working microphone and a working headset.
Please provide Skype: I will not be providing my skype for reasons of privacy as it has happened before where I put my skype in my application and I
was hit offline on and off for about 2 days, But if accepted I will PM a staff member my ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The server did pretty well with donators but there were many glitches and things along those lines and the owner didn 't really know how to
handle it. Sadly the server shut down due to an admin (who had console) griefing the server and giving everyone /op I was pretty upset but soon
found other servers to play and it then wasn 't as big a deal to me. The second server I was ever staff on was OpCraft I made it to the rank
Moderator. I started out as a helper with the basic commands ./kick /mute /warn and not many permissiong but one day when I came home I saw I
had moderator! I was over the moon with excitement and had much more permissions such as /bminfo /ban /alts /cc /chat halt and a couple others. I
had really good friends on the staff team like Briight_, EvanOG, turimanu and a couple others who have know been demoted. I 'd like to think I was
pretty loved by the players on there as whenever I logged on I got a lot of questions and nice compliments and someone even changed their username
to TemperinqPvp! I truly felt at home. After a while family

Internet : The Eyes Of A Router
From The Eyes of a Router
Router devices have become popular in the networking world today. Routers are devices that forward data packets along networks. Often, they are
used for small to medium networks, and overall prove efficient for users. Routers are now considered vital to the internet as well as many home and
small business networks. The Internet is one of the 20th century 's best developments because it allows people worldwide to conduct e–mails and
communicate back and forth in a timely manner, view web pages, make purchases, view videos, have live chat, and keep up to date with certain
people on web pages such as Facebook. The internet is now considered a means of communication. Many people are all so accustomed to a computer ...
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When one of the graphic designers sends a file to the other, the very large files will exhaust most of the network 's volume, making the network
operate very slowly for other users on the network. One reason that a single intensive user can affect an entire network deals with the way Ethernet
works. Each packet of information sent from a computer is seen by all other computers on the local network. Each computer then has to verify the
packet and decides whether it was intended for its address. This helps keep the straightforward idea of the network simple, but has performance
issues as the size network size or level of network activity increases. To keep the graphic designers' work from interfering with the production line
computers, the business sets up two separate networks. One network is for the animators and other for the production line assistants. A router links
these two networks and connects both networks to the Internet. The router is the only device which views every message sent by any computer on
any network within a company. When one of the graphic designers sends a large file to the other graphic designer, the router checks the recipient 's
address and keeps the traffic on the graphic designer's network. But when a graphic designer sends a message to the production assistant's e–mail in the
other network, the router recognizes the recipient 's address and forwards the message between the two networks to the correct

Optimal Communication Of Real Time Data On Secure Cdma Ip...
OPTIMAL COMMUNICATION OF REAL TIME DATA ON SECURE CDMA IP RAN NETWORK
Abstract: This paper presents an optimal and secure communication of real time data over a CDMA based IP RAN network. In the process of data
transmission, a new coding approach for security enhancement and quality improvement based on spectrum utilization and antenna coding is
suggested. The traffic model is developed for image and audio data transmission over a wireless channel, having an interference of AWGN noise with
fading effects. An optimal spectrum sensing approach for proper resource allocation is developed, and communicated using the secure WePprotocol.
The developed approach is evaluated for different communication parameters and compared in comparisons to conventional modeling of CDMA
system. The obtained results illustrates an improvement in quality metrics for the developed system, in comparison to the conventional modeling.
Key Word: Optimal Communication, Image and audio data, secure coding, CDMA system, channel coding.
I. Introduction
It has become a primal requirement in current communication system to provide high rate services with higher accuracy and faster data exchange.
With the evolution of new communication architectures, the data exchange has got no boundness in forwarding the data to any range. Due to
integration of different networks, data are exchange over wireless network and internet network, forming a Internet protocol – Radio access Network
(IP–RAN). Due to

Network Technology, Structure, And Protocols
Introduction
This paper is about basic network technology, structure, and protocols. This paper will cover the module question "Discuss how the structure of the
TCP IP framework has enabled the expansion of the Internet into a worldwide network. Discuss issues with this network. Is it big enough? Are
enough IP addresses for all? What is being done under IPV6? This will be accomplished by addressing the crore topics as well as how IP started to
grow, the issues with the network in regards to technological limitations as well as the different types of vulnerabilities and attacks. This paper will
conclude with a summary.
Structure of TCP IP and expansion In the beginning, the internet was without form. It was in the early phases with agencies such as DARPA and
educational institutes that we laying the ground for what the internet turned into. However, as the internet grew, not everyone used the same
communication method so there had to be gateways installed on the border of networks in order to translate one type of protocol into another
(Bellovin, S. M.). This was not good so the advent of TCP IP was constructed. This allowed for uniformed communication and thus brought on the rapid
expansion of the internet. The internet follows the open systems interconnect model (OSI) developed by Charles Bachman at Honeywell Information
Services, this consists of seven layers. 1. The physical layer, this includes both wired and wireless forms of communication. An Ethernet cable or

Introduction To A Rough Draft On Keeping Things Safe And...
Ricardo Huesca
Mr. Christian
Computer Application – 4th
April 8, 2015
Capstone Essay Rough Draft Keeping things safe and secure should be one of your top priority when it comes to your computer. Without the help of
network securities your computer could be as easy to access as air is to breathe. Network securities are essential when it comes to keeping your
computer safe for such things as viruses or hackers. Network security consists of the provisions and policies adopted by a network administrator to
prevent and monitor unauthorized access. Those network securities also consist of protocols, which are a system of rules for data exchange within or
between computers. An example of these protocols is the network protocol RADIUS, which stands for Remote Authentication Dial in User Service. The
RADIUS protocol provides centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting management. Although network security consists of protocols of
such caliber and complicity there are various simple things you can do to protect and secure your computer and personal information. Network security
has become more important to personal computers users and many big businesses. Network security is made up of policies provided by the network
administrator to prevent unauthorized access, misuse, modification, or denial of a computer network and network accessible resources. It starts with
authenticating, this is commonly with a username and a password. Because just one detail is

Personal Ncn Essay
All Things You Should Know Before Using Personal VPN
Part 1. Why we need personal VPN?
VPN is a type of secured connection which stands for Virtual Private Network. VPN is a method used to securely connect to the internet through
another secured and encrypted channel sometimes called a tunnel while making use of a public or private network as the primary connection. VPN is
like creating a virtual personal network within a network just to ensure that you have added security and invisibility like sitting in a bullet proof car on
a ship. VPN tunneling involves the use strong layers and scales while accessing the internet by putting every data being transferred in an encrypted
packet within another packet just to ensure that its contents are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Personal VPN service helps to prevent authorities from spying on your personal and private activities on the internet and getting your location because
it facilitates anonymous browsing. It also protects users while accessing P2P file sharing torrent websites since some associations frown and detest
P2P torrent sites, it is essential to be security conscious when using this sites to prevent tracking of IP and location.
The use of Personal VPN servers to cloak your identity on the internet can prevent eaves dropping on your VoIP calls or even Skype video calls.
You can prevent unauthorized access and spying on your social media voice or video conversations with the use of a Personal VPN. We also know
that most of this search engines that we make use of on a daily bases such Google, Yahoo, Bing and so often keep a Log of all searches made from
your computer, they don't have to tell you they do, you should prevent this logging of activities by getting yourself a virtual personal Network.
Part 2. Things we need to consider before using personal VPN
First of all, it is important to know that all personal VPN servers are not built the same, there are diversity and difference from on VPN service
provider to another like server location, speed, range of coverage, bandwidth and so on. For different internet users, their need for a Personal VPN
varies with online activities. As much as there would be some similar feature to be considered, the qualities an

Mobile Ipv4 And Ipv6 Problems And Implementation
Mobile IPv4 and IPv6 Problems and Implementation Mobile IPv4 and IPv6 are the future of mobile communications wirelessly and can help
greatly in the infrastructure and combination of mobile systems and internet. This usage of IP addresses in mobile would increase the need for
implementation of IPv6 as the new standard to replace IPv4 and increase the number of available addresses. However IP based mobile isn't perfect
and has its own host of problems and those will be discussed as well later as well as possible fixes in short and long term to these problems. The
main need to implement mobile IP is the fact that it can support more users and keep those users closer to the internet, meaning that the internet is
integrated into the system. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This can be a problem as more devices connect to and use a network the more data they use and can cause a network to become congested. A
solution to reduce congestion is to use many small wireless receivers within the range of a large tower to spread out the devices upon smaller
more confined networks when within cities and high density areas. And simply using long range low capacity towers when in the country side and
places where fewer devices will be on a network at any given time, this is a combination of macro cells and micro cells to ensure network stability.
At layer 2 comes the need to differentiate between devices on the network and needs a standard to work in place usually used at layer 2 in IP based
communications over the internet is Ethernet II and uses MAC addresses differentiating between devices by using a hexadecimal format. This is done
by burning a unique ID into a network card by a manufacturer, however rather than the normal Wi–Fi a better option for long range communications is
WiMAX. The differences in Wi–Fi and WiMAX is that WiMAX has an effective distance of up to 90km while Wi–Fi only has a range of up to 100m
and data rates on WiMAX is up to 40mbps compared to Wi–Fi with up to 54mbps. Next layer 3 the Network layer is where the Internet Protocol (IP)
will take place and be defined. There are two options to use here IPv4 or IPv6.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Energy Efficient Medium...
1 ) Energy Efficient Medium Access Protocol
A medium access control layer is the most suitable level to address the energy efficiency.
This layer is used to coordinate node access to the shared wireless medium. The MAC is the core of communication protocol stack which provides the
basic for achieving Quality of Service (QoS) in any wireless networks. A versatile MAC should support diverse applications and different types of data
such as continuous, periodic, burst and non–periodic data along with high level QoS. MAC plays a major determining factor in improving overall
network performance. The fundamental task in MAC protocol is to avoid collisions and to prevent simultaneous transmissions while preserving
maximum throughput, minimum latency, communication reliability and maximum energy efficiency. It is important to note that while... Show more
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In all the three processes of basic operation, communication should be initiated by the master. Moreover, only one slave node can join the network at a
time.
2) BodyMAC
Fang and Dutkiewicz in [28] propose energy efficient TDMA–based MAC protocol for WBAN. In this protocol, packet collision, idle listening and
control packet overhead have been reduced by allocating three bandwidth management schemes: Burst Bandwidth, Periodic Bandwidth and Adjust
Bandwidth in order to improve energy efficiency. An efficient sleep node is introduced to turn off a node's radio, especially for the nodes supporting
low duty cycle applications.
The MAC frame in BodyMAC protocol has three parts:
Beacon, downlink and uplink sub frames.
The beacon serves the purpose MAC layer synchronization. The downlink frame is used for transmission from gateway to node, which can
accommodate on–demand traffic. The uplink frame consists of two sub–parts: Contention Access Part (CAP) and Contention Free Part

Smart Phone, Home Automation And Smart Grid
Introduction Our daily lives have been changed by technological revolution beyond our recognition over the last few decades in almost every sphere
of life whether it be work, play or sleep. It seems like a magical world of smart devices such as smart phones and smart electronics which has been
developed into state of the art smart homes, home automation and smart grid. With the further advancement in technology, it is bound to be ineluctable
aspect of our lives. tagPlug – smart switch and plug is supposed to become a noteworthy product reinventing the concept of smart homes in India and
abroad. Nearly 20 to 25 percent of our total residential and commercial energy usage is consumed by electronic equipments in home and office,
most of which is consumed when such equipments operate in standby or sleep mode i.e., when they are designed to consume low power and not
actually being utilized. tagPlug plays the role of a savior by helping people keep track and understand their energy usage on a day to day basis. The
aim is to make customer aware of their energy consumption and help them save energy wherever possible. tagPlug can monitor the energy
consumption and provide data on Android device making it accessible with the swipe of a finger hence making our life comfortable. The other
features incorporated in tagPlug are setting alarm to switch device at a particular time and remotely controlling appliances. As a product, tagPlug is a
really smart way to understand and manage our

Protocols For The Communication Protocol
IPV 6
ABSTRACT:
We have many protocols for the communication. Among them if we take communication protocol which is related to internet, the popular and which
is using today is IPV 4. In this paper we are going to discuss about the later version IPV6.
INTRODUCTION:
Internet protocol is a communication protocol which provides location and identification of computers on networks and routes traffic across the internet.
IPV6 is the latest version of internet protocol. It was developed by internet engineering task force, when they are dealing with the IPV4 exhaustion
problem. Every device in this world which is connected to the internet is assigned IP address for identification and its location. With rapid growth of
technology, it became evident that we need more addresses for connecting various new devices in the future. In 1990s, Internet engineering task force
has introduced IPV 6 to accommodate more addresses. IPV 4 uses only 32 bit addresses but IPV 6 addresses uses 128 bit addresses.
Internet protocol version 4 is the first publicly used protocol. It was developed by the defense advanced research projects agency. It is a United States
defense department agency, after that they have shifted towards internet and is developing many technologies. Address exhaustion is not an initial
problem concern because it is a testing of DARPA's networking concepts. Amid the first decade of operation of the Internet, by the late 1980s, it got to
be evident that systems must be produced

Placenta Encapsulation Research Paper
What is Placenta Encapsulation?
Placenta encapsulation is the practice of ingesting the placenta after it has been dehydrated, ground, and placed into capsules. Placentophagia is the
process of a new mother consuming her placenta postpartum by either eating the placenta raw, cooked, in capsule form or drinking the juices from the
placenta once it is cooked.
Lullaby Birth has completed training with International Placenta & Postpartum Association, OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens & Infection Control, and
ServSafe Food Safety and we strictly follow all recommended safety standards when processing each placenta.
While we recommend placenta encapsulation be processed in your home as the next step in protecting your child's microbiome, you have the option ...
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The placenta is picked up from your birthing location in Broward County and surrounding areas. After pickup, the placenta is rinsed and drained of
blood, steamed and sliced into small pieces for dehydration. Once dehydrated, it is ground into a fine powder, and placed into capsules. Great for use
in the first few months after birth also called the 4th Trimester.
Tincture – an excellent way to get longevity from the benefits of the placenta. A piece of raw placenta is fermented in high proof alcohol that is put
in a cool, dark cupboard for 6 weeks or more. The longer it sits, the more potent it becomes and the more it breaks down.
After fermentation process is complete, the pieces of placenta are strained out. A placenta tincture has an almost indefinite shelf–life if stored properly
and can be used many years down the road for hormone stabilization and energy and to relieve menopausal symptoms and/or the first postpartum
menstrual cycle. If the child was a girl both the mother and daughter of the placenta owner can use and benefit from the tincture. In a smaller usage
amount, the tincture can also be used for teething baby, during times of transition, stress, and to boost the immune

Internet Telephones : A Product Apparatus That Siphons Voice
8.7.Eavesdropping on calls using VOMIT or SipTap Voice over Misconfigured Internet Telephones (VOMIT) is a product apparatus that siphons
voice TCP/IP parcels running on Cisco 's telephone framework, and its restrictive convention known as thin (SCCP). It works on the system by
getting bundles, which can change over to a wave voice document for tuning in (Persky, 2007). All the more as of late, an item called SipTap has
exhibited the ability to capture decoded SIP based VoIP activity. SipTap has snatched the consideration of the VoIP group. SipTap siphons voice calls,
as well as guest ID style data, marking the call originator, beneficiary, term, and time. Corporate surveillance through an item like SipTap is an unsafe
recommendation... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
8.8.Spam over IP telephony (SPIT) Spam over IP telephony (SPIT), includes prerecorded, spontaneous messages sent to your VoIP handset. SPIT
owes its presence to the standard correspondences convention called Session Initiated Protocol (SIP). Taste recognizes the vicinity of a VoIP handset.
Dialer projects can convey a spontaneous modified message, and have a superior possibility of a beneficiary grabbing the call (Phithakkitnukoon,
2008). SPIT conveys with it different dangers, for example, DoS assaults, and the unapproved utilization of assets (data transfer capacity), making
SPIT substantially more than an annoyance. SPIT 's belongings are decreased by a strong patch administration arrangement, VoIP empowered firewalls
are likely equipped for recognizing SPIT, and make a verification instrument to distinguish genuine approved guests. To put it plainly, the rationality of
battling SPIT is fundamentally the same to current day routines used to battle SPAM; it is difficult to stop it, you can dare to dream to control it.
8.9.More ports open = more ports to secure While the base hardware may stay unaltered, VoIP muddles system activity stream with numerous new
ports, principles, and virtual systems. A correspondences master must precisely guide out TCP and UDP activity leads, the system by which this
movement crosses the inward system, and in addition the subsequent ramifications to the corporate wide territory system and remote access

Admin Law Hfa Mdis Preliminary Ideas
1. Environmental Protection Agency and Food and Drug Administration: While I'm not asthmatic, I do follow continual government regulation.
However, I've quite interested in how government regulations affect healthcare and the cost thereof for consumers. The new regulation is actually a
planned amplification of previous regulations regarding clorofluorocarbon (CFC) use in metered–dose inhalers (MDI), where, as of 14 April 2010,
seven more metered–dose inhalers will be phased out and replaced with hydrofloroalkanes (HFA) inhalers.
I do not expect this increased regulation to adversely affect me; however, the increased costs to consumers worries me. The affected products are
especially used by lower–income individuals who must now pay ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Case in point, science has repeatedly measured and shown the damage coal and gasoline–powered emissions cause to the atmosphere; however, neither
agency seeks to eliminate these energy sources, even though their effect is clear. I understand the reasons for that hypocrisy, but I'm astounded that the
US government would essentially ignore those energy sources' effects but specifically target a small number of products that actually save lives.
Additionally, these new regulations will adversely affect MDI consumers and contribute to increased costs of healthcare. Currently, no generic
alternative exists for HFA MDIs, which means that all MDI consumers must pay significantly more for treating their asthma or pulmonary ailments.
While this may not matter to more affluent consumers, it does to low–income and fixed–income consumers. Those are also the two market segments
that draw the most from healthcare and contribute to increased healthcare costs.
I am not opposed to providing alternatives and incentivizing changes from CFC to HFA MDIs, but I do oppose arbitrarily eliminating, even phasing
out, cost–effective treatments. Phasing these products out will likely contribute little to "saving the environment" but will contribute directly and
quickly to rising healthcare costs for individuals and, eventually, the country.
Before the US government regulates in

Network Analysis Ntc 362
Network Analysis Paper
Oliver Dotson
NTC/362
12/17/2015
Gary Smith
Network Analysis Paper
During this paper several things will be explained or gone over. The first will be communication protocols and I will identify the network protocols
and provide rationale for the decision. Next will be to define the full network architecture and explain the usefulness of the traffic analysis. The next
thing will be to define the terms response time, latency, and jitter, and describe their effect on the main network performance and on the performance
of the chosen organization 's network. Next the effect of data rates on each part of the network will also be explained. Describing strategies to ensure
the availability of network access in switched and routed networks will be the last part of this paper.
Communications devices have to agree on many physical aspects of the data to be exchanged before successful transmission can take place.
Communication protocols are required to exchange messages in or between computing systems and are required in telecommunications.
Communication protocols are formal descriptions of digital message formats and rules ("Communication Protocol", 2015). Communications protocols
are implemented in hardware and software. They cover authentication, error detection and signaling, and correction. Communication protocols can also
describe the syntax, semantics, and synchronization of analog and digital communications. There are thousands of communications

Network Analysis : Riordan Manufacturing
Network analysis
In 1991 Dr. Riordan created Riordan Manufacturing which is a Company that produces all kind of plastics. Riordan currently has a location in
Hangzhou China and is moving that location to Shanghai China. In this analysis I will cover communication protocols and their importance, rationale
for design protocols, overall network architecture, how a traffic analysis is used, jitter, response time, and latency, along with their effect on a network.
Also discussed is data rates and their effect on each part of the network with strategies to ensure availability with router and switch networks.
For nodes to communicate effectively over communication network some standards need to be considered. These standards are what we call ... Show
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Riordan will utilize common protocols including File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Transfer Control Protocol/IP (TCP/IP), User Datagram Protocol
(UDP), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Post Office Protocol (POP3), Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
(SMTP). In any network design the choice of communication protocols dictates the types of computers used and other network processors. Majorly
TCP/IP has replaced old protocols such as IPX/SPX and NetBEUI which are obsolete.
Overall Network Architecture
Current network design that Riordan is using is a LAN design. The server and backup server all located outside of the building location. The
internet provider connects to the router and firewall directing the connection to the servers which then connects to the company LAN. Using a LAN
is good for Riordan because it is one office building and LANs are used for a small network and are good for sharing files, printers and other
applications (Mitchell, 2016). Riordan also currently uses a ring topology that is common for LAN networks. Riordan choose to use a ring topology
for its current location because it's a well–organized topology, it also allows for each computer to have equal access to all resources and it has good
performance.
Network architecture refers to structural, physical and logical layout of a communication network with relation to communication protocols,
information transmission mode either wired or wireless technology

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Voip?
Voice over internet protocol (VoIP), is a technology that allows you to make voice calls on an Ip connection instead of a regular (or analog) phone line.
Some VoIP services may allow you to call anyone who has a telephone number– including local, long distance, mobile and international numbers. Also,
while some VoIP services only work over your computer or a special VoIP phone, other services allow you to use a normal phone connected to a VoIP
adapter.
VoIP can turn a standardinternet connection into a way to make free phone calls. The practical meaning of this is that by using free VoIP softwares to
make calls, you are bypassing the phone company (including charges) entirely.
VoIP is a revolutionary technology that has the potential to... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
– VIDEO–CONFERENCING: VoIP has adcanced bandwidth capacity which helps in improved video conferencing at a reasonable price.
DISADVANTAGES:
VoIP has many downsides such as:
– NO SERVICE DURING A POWER–CUT : During a power–cut a regular phone functions well but a VoIP phone does not work. In order to use VoIP
during a power outage, there should be uninterupted power supply.
– EMERGENCY CALLS: If any person makes an emergency call using a regular phone, the call gets diverted towards the nearest call center based on
your location. However as VoIP is basically a transfer of data between two IP addresses, and not physical addresses hence there is no way to determine
the origin of the call.
– RELIABILITY: Because VoIP relies on your internet connection, hence the services would be affected by the quality of your internet and sometimes
the limitation of your VoIP device.
Poor connection can result in distorted voice quality. This often happens when you make a long distance call.
– SECURITY: Security is a main concern with VoIP, as it is with other internet technologies. The most common issues are identity and service theft,
viruses and malware, spamming

Ebay Bids for Structured Change Essay example
EBay Bids for Structured Change. Case Study Answers
EBay started out with a U form, or functional, design. What changes in that design have already occurred as a result of the company's growth? What
kind of changes seem likely for the future?
One of the first things we need to look at is what the u–form design is. The U–form organization (U stands for unity), also called functional design,
relies almost exclusively on the functional approach to departmentalization . The U–form design is used to implement a single–product strategy.
Because of the emphasis on functional activities, coordination is extremely important (edugov). Advantages: The costs of staffing each department
with experts is lower than in organizations with other ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In your opinion, what changes should be made to accommodate further overseas expansion?
As eBay expands into more foreign markets, eBay will have to further evolve and allow for a more country centralized execution of its policies and
manager control. I can certainly see that in countries that have a high religious influence, such as the Muslim dominated hierarchy, religious dictates
will control how eBay presents itself. In the Koran it states that you are not allowed to profit off another. This holds true in examples like banking.
However in some democracies eBay is being stifled in its ability to require payments thru PayPal, as the book states an example of Australian
government, curtailing eBay's ability to require payment thru PayPal (Griffin, 2012). To further accommodate expansion into these diversified
markets eBay will of course have to follow religious precepts, government regulations and allow for more targeted products. It would be unwise of
eBay to allow many items that are permitted in democracies and free thinking countries to be purchased in a more conservative nation. In the
conservative nations, the potential buyers can still buy off eBay USA. This type of targeted selling of their system has created eBay of Canada,
eBay of USA, and eBay of Australian, eBay of Belgium and so on (whoweare). Because of eBay's presence in over 30 countries, yet PayPal is only
used in 16 countries,

Unit 9 P5 : Describe Typical Services Provided By Networks
Unit 9 P5
Describe typical services provided by networks.
Directory services
What are directory services?
What directory services are that they are software systems that can store, organise and can provide access to directory information so it can combine
network resources. Directory services can map the network names of network resources to network addresses and create a naming structure for
networks.
Domain name server
What a Domain Name Serve (DNS) is that it is the internet's equivalent of a phone book. They maintain a directory of domain names and change them
into internet protocols (IP) addresses. A domain name server is a protocol within a set of standards on how computers can exchange data on the
internet and on multiple private networks, this is also known as the TCP/IP protocol suite.
What are telecommunication services?
What telecommunications services are that all of these services can be accessed on the internet such as email and social networking and
telecommunication services provides users to communicate with each other. A telecommunications service is a service provider by a
telecommunications provider or it can even be a specified set of user information which has transfer capabilities which are given by a group of users by
a telecommunications system.
Email
In terms of telecommunication email shows a form of communication through the use of electronic mail. Users on a computer can log into their email
account such as Gmail and send an email to a person by

Flexible And Dynamic Forms Of Internetworking
FLEXIBLE AND DYNAMIC INTERNETWORKING
ANIL REDDY
WILMINGTON UNIVERSITY
1ABSTRACT
2INTRODUCTION
3HISTORY OF INTERNETWORKING
4LEVELS INVOLVED IN BUILDING INTERNET
5NAMING AND COMMUNICATION ON INTERNET
6CONCLUSION
7REFERRENCES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
In this paper, I have discussed the Flexible and Dynamic forms of Internetworking by focusing on history of internetworking along with LAN's Routers,
Hubs, switches with its networking/internetworking functions and summarizing the general nature of addressing schemes within the context of
Internetworking and its naming and communications.
INTRODUCTION
An internetwork is a collection of individual networks, connected by intermediate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Today, high–speed LANs and switched internetworks are becoming widely used, largely because they operate at very high speeds and support such
high–bandwidth applications as voice and video conferencing.
Internetworking evolved as a solution to three key problems: isolated LANs, duplication of resources, and a lack of network management. Isolated
LANS made electronic communication between different offices or departments impossible. Duplication of resources meant that the same hardware
and software had to be supplied to each office or department, as did a separate support staff. This lack of network management meant that no
centralized method of managing and troubleshooting networks existed (Universitat Koblenz Landau).

LEVELS INVOLVED IN BUILDINGINTERNET
LOWEST LEVEL: ETHERNET SEGMENT
Ethernet segment consists of a collection of hosts connected by wires (twisted pairs) to a
Hub. It normally spans a room or floor in a building.
Its typical operations include,
Each Ethernet adapter has a unique 48–В¬вЂђbit address (MAC address).
Hosts send bits to any other host in chunks called Frames.
Now hub copies each bit from each port to every other port. Fig 2: Ethernet Segment (Carnegie Mellon University)
NEXT LEVEL: BRIDGED ETHERNET SEGMENT
The oldest type of internetworking device is called a bridge. Normally, a bridge is

Cyber Security : The Protection Of Computers
When we live in a world with so much technology and practically living our lives online, something needs to keep our precious data safe. Cyber
security was the answer to that dilemma, and keeps all of our personal information away from people who have nefarious plans for it.
Cyber Security spawned from the technology age. With so many people online and some much data flowing freely, it was only a matter of time before
something bad happened. Cyber security is the protection of computers, networks, and pretty much anything that deals with an internet connection from
being accessed or used in an unauthorized manner. All types of things that involve interacting with another service on the internet can be a possible
threat to your personal information. Where Cyber Security comes in is when that attack is stopped before it has a chance to take effect.
A Lot of the problem with Cyber security getting put behind other departments with funding and thinking they aren 't as valuable than others, stems
from a culture that only sees what 's right in front of them. Meaning that if this department shows time and time again that they help a company make
money then the executives are happy. They know that they make money because of that, but with networking and Cyber Security people the only time
someone cares about your work is when things don't.
Cyber security involves various steps the most important of these being an individual's understanding of the different forms of attacks that

Search Strategies
A search strategy is used to guide a researcher in using databases to find information such as keywords, subject headings, and criteria for inclusion or
exclusion of material (Melnyk & Fineout–Overholt, 2015). After much discussion, a group PICOT question was identified: In adult patients on a
medical–surgical unit who meet sepsis criteria (P) does the use of a nurse–driven sepsis protocol (I), compared to usual care (C), affect the time of
initiating sepsis protocol (O) over the span of three months (T)? The purpose of this paper is to describe the search strategy and process that was used
to obtain pertinent articles for evidence that are directly related to the established PICOT question.
Search Strategy
The databases that were utilized ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Tazbir (2012) and Schorr, Odden, Evans, Escobar, Bandi, Townsend, and Levy (
2016) developed articles that are specific to the medical–surgical unit
and defined several factors as to what may play into the higher mortality rate of the patients that are diagnosed there. Schorr et al. (2016) further
examined and compared emergency department (ED) versus medical surgical treatment of sepsis. Kleinpell, Aitken, and Schorr (2013) gave thorough,
in–depth knowledge of nurses' role, sepsis, and treatment guidelines describing initial, three–hour, and six–hour bundles. Medley O'Keefe, Gatewood,
Wemple, Greco, Kritek, and Durvasula (2015) gave interesting statistics to support nurse–driven testing and sepsis–specific goal–directed therapy.
Lopez–Bushneil, Demaray, and Jaco (2014) and Kleinpell (2017) defined sepsis screening tools with complete sepsis protocols and identified studies
in which nurses are authorized to identify signs and symptoms, order necessary blood testing, and initiate protocols. Additionally, Kleinpell (2017)
identified studies in which nurses completed "Sepsis Power Hour" in which blood cultures, lactate, and fluid boluses were independently initiated by
the nurse. All articles were chosen because they appeared to have a strong hierarchy of evidence. For example, Lopez–Bushneil, Demaray, and Jaco
(2014) report testing evidence to show a change in practice due to the exceeded goals and successful treatment of

The Performance Of G.711 Viopcoder For Different Networks
Evaluation of G.711,723.1 and 729A VIOP Codec Using Guided And Unguided Communication Network
Tasnim Abdalla Abbas Mohamed / Dr.Amin Babiker A/Mustafa
Department Of Communication Engineering .Al–Neelain University
ABSTRACT
Voice over Internet Protocol is a technology that allows telephone calls to be made over computer networks like theInternet. There are several
implementations of VoIP in the internet today. Many major telephone companies like AT&T have moved over to VoIP completely. It is still not clear
how the performance varies with different network conditions, considering that the Internet does not provide QoS guarantees. The main objective of
this paper isto evaluate the performance of G.711 VIOPcoder for different networks. Wired, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Worldwide
Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) networks were implemented in OPNET
Modeler The quality is compared using different QoS parameters like end–to–end delay, MOS, throughput and jitter. The VoIP codecs used in the
measurements of QoS are: G.711,723.1 AND 729A. Simulations showed that G.711 is the best schemes that provide high quality of voice in Wireless
Local Area Network (WLAN) communications .The results analyzed and the performance evaluated will give network operators an opportunity to
select the codec for better services of VoIP for customer satisfaction.

Analysis Of Internet Protocol ( IP ) Datagrams
1.Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams may arrive in a seemingly random order of chunks that the receiving IP entity must continuously collect until it can
reconstruct the original datagram. Consider that the receiving IP entity possesses a buffer for assembling the original datagram's data field. The buffer
will comprise of chunks of data and "holes" between them corresponding to data not yet received.
a. Describe an algorithm in pseudocode, prose, graphical, or any other representation, to collect and reconstruct the original datagram's data field based
on this concept.
When sending a packet, the length of the packet can exceed MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) of the network interface. In this case, the packet is
split into fragments no ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A term "hole" is referred as partially assembled datagram that consists of certain sequences of octets that have already arrived, and the certain area
still to come is known as "hole". To illustrate a simple mechanism for the tracking, management, and manipulation of holes between data chunks is
referred to as per definition. For instance, when the earliest fragment of the datagram arrives, it may be being by creating an empty data buffer area
add that entry in its hole descriptor list and that datagram entry is known as a missing entry. Therefore, a hole can be represented in a zero packet,
which is an empty packet, and a hole that equals infinity is considered a very large integer, greater than 576 bytes.
2.Answer the following questions related to UDP:
a. What features does UDP provide that are not provided by IP?
There are two types of Internet Protocol (IP) traffic, such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Some of the
features that UDP possesses that are not provided by TCP/IP. First, UDP is a connectionless protocol (No handshake), which means packets sent from
one node to another without making sure whether any packet may be lost during the transfer. TCP, on the other hand, makes sure to establish a
connection in order to send the packets from one node to another without losing any packets. It is also known as handshake process, where nodes
synchronize (SYN),

Essay about Skype Case Analysis
Meredith Currin
October 30, 2012
BADM 468
Skype Case Analysis
(1) VoIP represents a great opportunity for telecom service providers to develop flexible and responsive offerings. These services can be developed as
premium services by fully using the strengths of the Internet or internal intranets. These services can also be developed to use efficiencies that the
Internet and intranets offer that traditional networks and network providers do not. However, it is not all too easy. While current and potential telecom
service providers can build imaginative offerings and business plans; they must still have keep mind the competitive environment surrounding the VoIP
market. Skype's VoIP industry has a few competitors such as Comcast... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As for profitability with VoIP, it does not have trouble with profit because of little competition and being successful in the long run it can obtain profits
with little or no worries.
(2) VoIP services continue to penetrate the market. A recent META Group survey found that almost 90 percent of large international companies plan
to use some form of Voice over IP (VoIP) within three years. The driving force behind the numbers is convergence: both technological and
organizational. From a technology perspective, anything IP is perceived these days as "new and improved." The Internet is driving everything, as it has
since the mid–'90s, and VoIP is the next big thing. All the hype aside, VoIP really is a good idea–– many aspects of the technology are well proven,
and the long–term cost savings can be substantial. More importantly, the operational benefits to the business can be impressive which leads to the
organizational part. It used to be that the people who managed the telecommunications network reported to the facilities department. But now, with its
strategic value widely recognized, telecom is more likely to fall under the auspices of the IT department, creating a cultural merger between the voice
people and the data people. The resulting common ground is prime real estate for convergence, as both of these groups recognize there are gains to be
made in merging voice and data.

Accounting Is The Preeminent And Complex Dialect Of Business
As an aftereffect of monetary, mechanized, and technological advancements, diverse concentrated fields in accounting has developed, wherein
accounting is the preeminent and complex dialect of business. According to the Committee on Terminology of American Institute of Certified Public
Accountants (AICPA), "Accounting is the art of recording, classifying and summarizing in a significant manner and in terms of money, transactions
and events which are in part at least, of a financial character, and interpreting the results thereof". To make it more simpler, accounting is the act of
recording, classifying, summarizing the monetary terms of the business in a substantial manner in order to achieve the output that aids in decisions
making process, creation of policies and for the expansion of the entire organization. Currently, the accounting field of study has enhanced its area from
number crunching to the other relevant areas that influence the organizations in an exceptionally remarkable manner. It is evident that the
organizations are not just concerned in finding the financial position of the business but as well the effect it exercises on the society all in all. This has
lead to the emergence of corporate social responsibility (Sustainability accounting) wherein an organization is responsible not only for its financial
outcomes but also how it deals with the society, environment and the economy. Numerous studies have been performed keeping in mind to develop
certain

Voice Over Internet Protocol Term Paper
Introduction
Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) is a technology that offers voice communications using the existing Internet protocols. Over the years the Internet
has developed as a very cheap medium that has been used to send electronic mails and files across the globe. VoIP extends this concept and provides
the facility to send voice data between people using the IP framework. Since the Internet is a cheap medium, enabling voice services through it will
effectively cut costs that are normally encountered in making calls through normal telephone lines. This would mean that people across the world can
talk to each other at a fraction of the cost that they could be spending when they use normal telephone lines. This is exactly what makes ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
How VoIP functions
At the basic level, VoIP functions much like the common Internet services that are available today. Voice data is received at one end of the IP
network and is compressed, digitized, and broken down into data packets with unique serial numbers. A universal lookup table or an IP reference
table helps the server at the call originating end to find out the IP of the receiver to whom the call is placed. Once the IP is resolved, data is sent to
the destination IP much in the same fashion that emails and web data is transferred across the network. The data packets that are received at the
destination end is collected, arranged according to sequence numbers, and converted back to analog signals so that the receiver can hear the voice.
VoIP is possible between two computers, between two telephones that are connected to a network or even between a computer and a telephone. This
means that a person with a PC can originate a call to a landline or vice versa [Jain, 2004]
The advantages of VoIP
В• Voice and Data Integration
VoIP is a definite step towards integration of voice and data; a need that has been increasingly researched since the last few decades. Integration of
voice and data would mean that data transfer can be controlled effectively thereby making data manipulation faster and more secure. VoIP will use a
host of technologies like voice encryption in future to ensure that data transfer across voice sensitive servers happen

The Importance Of A Unified Communication Application
Communication within an organization is very important for keeping people informed, updated and help move the organization forward. Cost of
operations within a company is the top item that companies work to reduce. A unified communication application is a means to help in the reduction of
operating costs.
A unified communications application like Skype has three main functions and a couple additional abilities that can be used in a one to one
interaction or a conference type interaction. Skype has the ability to provide instant messenger, audio and/or video to users and provides a means for
multiple participants. The three features can be used simultaneously or in different combinations. The instant messenger feature can be used for a
quick note to another user or users and the recipient(s) do not need to be at the computer when the message is sent (Figure 1). The time needed to
send an instant messenger message is real time which is much less than a normal email, which reduces time. Skype instant messenger comes in handy
when a user does not want to interrupt a meeting by calling or wasting time going by Alice's office, Bob could send a quick instant messenger note to
Alice to see if they are available for a discussion.
The audio function is similar to a standard phone call with one exception. The normal operation entails retrieving or typing in the phone number of a
person's office, home, mobile or Skype number and pressing the off hook button just like most

Voip Essay
A Performance Analysis OF VoIP Traffic Over
Wireless Lan And Wan Using Different Codecs
Tasnim Abdalla Abbas Mohamed * Dr.Amin Babiker A/ Nabi Mustafa
Department Of Communication Engineering .Al–Neelain University
ABSTRACT
A simulation model is presented to analyze and evaluate the performance of VoIP based integrated wireless LAN/WAN with taking into account
various voice encoding schemes. The network model was simulated using OPNET Modeler software. Different parameters that indicate the QoS like
MOS, jitter, end to end delay, traffic send and traffic received are calculated and analyzed in Wireless LAN/WAN scenarios. Depending on this
evaluation, Selection codecs G.729A consider the best choice for VoIP.
KEYWORDS
VoIP, Codecs, QoS
INTRODUCTION
During the recent years, there is a growing trend in real–time voice communication using Internet protocol (IP). Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is
a technology that allows delivery of voice communications over the Internet or other packet switched networks rather than the traditional Public
Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). Many VoIP applications are available on the internet: Skype, Viber, Tango, and Yahoo messenger. All of these
applications provide good quality and free calls. In VoIP, the analog voice signal from the transmitter is converted into the digital format before
compression and encoding it into a stream of IP packets for transmission to the receiver over IP network. At the receiving end,

The For Cluster Based Wsns ( Cwsns ), Secure Data...
For cluster–based WSNs (CWSNs), secure data transmission, where like dynamically and periodically the clusters are shaped. The analysis problems
associated with WSNs security and knowledge aggregation with reference to the protection and security analysis against various attacks, we show the
quality of being usable of the SET–IBS and SET–IBOOS protocols. For a fuzzy approach and SET–IBS formula employing a combination in our
planned system, for WSNs a replacement routing technique to extend network amount of some time from the supply to the destination by affirmative
the best remaining battery power. The proposal is to envision an optimum routing path, minimum vary of hops, and minimum trafп¬Ѓc load in terms of
leveling energy consumption and for some time maximization of network quantity for the planned technique. To demonstrate the effectiveness, in two
completely different topographical areas using similar routing criteria with the A–star search formula we tend to match our approach and fuzzy
approach.
Keywords– ID–based digital signature, secure data transmission protocol, Cluster–based WSNs, Fuzzy Approach, Minimum Energy Consumption
I.INTRODUCTION
In Wireless sensor networks, have used in several areas like surroundings, health, setting observance and industrial functions at the beginning for the
military for various application. With the recent breakthrough of "Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)" technology [2] whereby sensors
became smaller and extra versatile

Wireshark Essay
First, let's talk about Wireshark, it is the most common network packet analyzer used worldwide, perhaps one of the best open source (free) packet
analyzers today. It lets you capture and interactively browse the traffic running on a computer network, helping you analyze and manage the traffic in
your network. Like a measuring device used to examine what is going on in your network cable, like a voltmeter used by an electrician to examine
what is going on inside an electric cable. Therefore, gives you the tools to do in depth network analysis, it will try to capture network packets and
display them as detailed as possible for analysis. Furthermore, used for troubleshooting network problems, examine security problems, debug protocol
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nevertheless, it gives the option to colorize packet display based on filters, create various statistics, rich VoIP analysis and much more.
The software does not provide intrusion detection system capabilities for your network. As a result, it will not warn you when someone is trying to do
anything bad to or on your network but it will help you to find out. Additionally, it will not manipulate things on the network, it will only display things
from it. Furthermore, it does not send packets on the network or does other active things.
System requirements for Windows operating systems. It will support any current version of Windows that is still in the extended supported lifetime and
any modern 64–bit AMD64/x86–64 or 32–bit x86 processor. Requires, 400 MB available RAM but larger captures require more RAM also 300 MB
available disk space but capture files require more space from your system. Additionally, it recommends 1280x1024 resolution or higher, at least 16–bit
color and a supported network card for capturing ethernet and/or 802.11 (wi–fi). Wireshark supports most Unix and Unix–like platforms and the system
requirements are the equivalents of Windows systems.
An alternative free network analyzer (Packet Sniffer) application available is Capsa it allows you to monitor network traffic, troubleshoot network
issues and analyze packets. Teachers and students of network classes use it to demonstrate network

Xcom 285 Week 9 Checkpoint
Communication protocols are necessary to properly manage the amount and type of information that will be communicated. Communication protocols
are advantageous for a variety of reasons, including, better management and control of the flow of project–related information, to minimize
misinformation and maximize the sharing of accurate information across the appropriate communication channels, and to provide structure to the
formal and informal communications that are shared with external stakeholders.
The scope of information shall be limited to that within the individual's project domain. All communication related to project–wide status is directed to
the Project Manager, unless otherwise advised. Because of the broad scope of this project, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Entire project team, including stakeholders will have access to the site so that they will have the up to date information about the project.
Hardcopy information will be distributed through the normal interoffice or mail system. Another method of distributing information will be the
facsimile machine. Facsimiles will be used for hardcopy documents that require immediate distribution.
Teleconferencing will be used to the maximum extent possible to communicate to stakeholders in out of town locations. This will help to reduce the
amount of travel required and provide for an effective method of communication.
Whatever method is used to distribute information or communicate, the proper precautions and procedures must be followed to ensure safe and
protected delivery of information. For example all electronic files received or sent through email must be virus check/scanned prior to opening or
sending the file. Any confidential information must be sent through the proper procedures as established by the DMV policies. The standard order of
precedence would be State policies and procedures and DMV policies and procedures, in that order.
4.2Communication Tracking and

Cloud Computing Services
The popularity of mobile system with the headway in engineering, with the increment of Internet utilization, comprehensively reinvent the old idea of
network computing system, to the new buzzword "Cloud computing". Cloud computing is a link way to the usage of Cloud which process by
transmitting and receiving files in utilizing Internet. Most systems uses either of the three major models of cloud computing services on the market,
which are software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and infrastructure as a service (IaaS).
SaaS is an application level cloud service that provides interface software and database. User simply accesses the software running on the back–end
server of the cloud clients such as web browsers, emulators and mobile web browser, and use the services. The best example of this services is a
web–based email service. Users are able to send or receive emails from web browser remotely without installing or running email software on his/her
device. The essential software are running on the Cloud Computer which allow user to access the desire resources from any supported devices.
PaaS is a platform level cloud service that provide an operating system, database and web server, in which the developers build the applications using
different software development tools and to run on a cloud platform. The example of this service can be seen on Google App Engine hosted by
Google. Once the user login to his/her account, he/she able to develop

Analysis Of Niklas Zennstrom And Janus Friis
Introduction
In 2000 Kazaa was invented by Niklas Zennstrom and Janus Friis. Tele2 is a Swedish company where Niklas Zennstrom met Janus Friis for the first
time. In 1992 Niklas Zennstrom and Janus Friis quit Tele2 and created Kazaa. In 2000 315 million users downloaded Kazaa all over the world.
(Church & Pizzi, 2012)
In 2003 Niklas Zennstrom and Janus Friis created a VoIP service application namedSkype. Microsoft owned Skype since 2011. Users can
communicate with each other through P2P by voice and messaging. Video conferencing and file transferring are the important features of Skype.
Making calls through Skype are free of cost whereas calls to landline and repairs are billed through user account.
Core changes
From P2P to VoIP
The duo Niklas Zennstrom and Janus Friis created Kazaa and Skype. Both Kazaa and Skype are having a lot of differences in the core structure. Kazaa
is peer–to–peer based and Skype is VoIP based program. Despite of having dissimilar engineering sciences Kazaa is the older version of Skype. In
Kazaa we can transfer information only, whereas Skype advances in engineering structure. In Skype we can transfer files, make calls and attend
conferences. Skype is multi–tasking application compared to Kazaa. After a lot of examinations Niklas Zennstrom and Janus Friis felt that Skype will
avoid the technical hitch in the market and finally was released in 2003. Within six months from 2003 to 2004 2.4 million users got registered on Skype.
Sub–changes
Kazaa

Week 3 Ntc 362 Essay
Individual Assignment
Week 3 NTC/362 INDP Part 2
December 3, 2012
Wanda Pauley
The importance of communication protocols:
Unless Patton Fuller Community Hospital has an agreement between the two communicating parties information may get lost or un–communicated.
This agreement is called the protocol. Communications protocols usually have a number of parts, Handshake, encoding method, compressions methods,
packet / frame structure, and addressing.. This is why protocols are often defined by standards bodies, but some protocols SSL can be used widely
even though they are not specifically from a standards body. A protocol must be implemented to enable effective, efficientcommunication by using a set
of rules. Protocols are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The aim is to use the web traffic statistics to figure out how well or how poorly your site is working for your visitors. One way to determine this is to
find out how long on average your visitors spend on your site. If the time spent is relatively brief, it usually indicates an underlying problem. Then the
challenge is to figure out what that problem is.
Explain the effect of data rates on each part of the network
Explain the terms latency, response time and jitter and describe their effect on overall network performance and on the performance of your chosen
organizations network.
In web performance circles, "latency" is the amount of time it takes for the host server to receive and process a request for a page object. The
amount of latency depends largely on how far away the user is from the server. For obvious reasons, tackling latency is a top priority for the
performance industry. There are several ways to do this: * Allow more requests to happen concurrently. * Shorten the server round trips by bringing
content closer to users. * Reduce the number of round trips. * Improve the browser cache, so that it can (1) store files and serve them where relevant
on subsequent pages in a visit and (2) store and serve files for repeat visits.

Jitter is the amount of variation in latency/response time, in milliseconds. Reliable connections consistently report back the same latency over and over
again. Lots of variation (or

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Telecommunication Essay
Introduction
Telecommunication is the transfer of signals, signs, messages, words, writings, images and sounds or information of any nature by radio, wires or any
other electromagnetic systems. When there is exchange of information between communication participants includes the use of technology, the
Telecommunication occurs. The transmission paths are often divided into various communication channels. The term telecommunication is used in
plural forms because it involves many different technologies.
Earlier means of communication over long distances included visual signals and other pre modern long distance communications included audio
messages. In the earlier century technologies for distance communication involve electrical and electromagnetic ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
oThere is no proper security.
Internet
The internet is a worldwide network of computers and computer networks that communicate with each other using internet protocols. Every computer
has its own unique IP address which is used by other computers to route information to it. They can also send the information or messages to other
computer using IP address which is followed by a two–way communication. Internet is exchange of information or messages between two or more
computers.
Advantages and disadvantages of Internet
Advantages
1.Internet has opened doors for virtual online offices.
2.During the festive season, we don't need to visit crowed stores to buy our stuff. We can make online purchases at a bargain price.
3.We can send birthday greeting cards through the internet.
4.We can also sell old items that are of no use for us.
5.During idle time, we can listen to music or watch a video.
Disadvantages
1.We often tend to purchase those extra items that we rarely need. Such purchases are a wastage of money.
2.The internet is not free. Sometimes, it hurts while paying bills.
3.The physical distance among loved ones is increasing.
4.We feel helpless when the internet connection is

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