Cultural Engagement Workshop The High Commission of Canada Dr. Leahcim Semaj www.AboveorBeyondJM.com December 18, 2018

1. Managing Workplace
Diversity
Cultural Engagement Workshop

2. Cultural Briefing
For
Non-Jamaican Nationals
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3. Managing Workplace
Diversity

4. What We Do
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5. Welcome to Jamaica
• Who is a Jamaican –
• A Jamaican Personality?
• General Traits and stereotypes
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6. Our History
The early settlers – Taino
or Arawak
Columbus & his legacy –
The Spaniards, The
British and Slavery
Colonialism and its
presence in modern
Jamaica
Out of many, One people
– The mix of races
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7. Who
are we?
• The Jamaican National ‘Out of Many One People’ could lead to some
people scratching their heads in confusion considering that 90% of the
population is of African descent.
• It seems more like Out of Mostly One People, One Nation.
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8. Who are we?
• However, to think this is to ignore
the lasting impact different cultures
have had on shaping the modern
Jamaican culture over the centuries.
• Understanding, and appreciating
this can help in understanding the
fabric of Jamaican life.
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9. The Indigenous People
• Firstly, Jamaican history does not start with the
arrival of Columbus in 1494.
• The region was home to a number of agricultural
societies, including the Taino who had begun
settling the region from 400 BC, and were mainly
found in the Greater Antilles.
• The Kalinago, who had been in the process of
resettling the region from the Taino at the arrival
of Columbus and had been resettling the Lesser
Antilles for approximately 50 years; and even
before them the Ciboney had occupied the
region for 4000 years prior to Columbus’ arrival.
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10. The Indigenous People
• Both the Taino and the Kalinago crossed the
Caribbean Sea in canoes from South America to
modern day Trinidad and continuing throughout
the Antilles, while the Ciboney arrived from Central
America either over a land bridge or by boat (the
route is disputed).
• The Taino, were known as a peaceful people, very
welcoming and laid back, who spend a considerable
amount of time on grooming and recreation when
not tending to their agricultural plots.
• It is from them that Jamaica now has bammy,
cassava, corn, guava, pepperpot and even
barbeque.
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11. The Indigenous People
• While these people
had a simple lifestyle
by today’s standards,
they had a complex
political system, in
which the position of
cacique (the chief
political leader) was
passed along maternal
lines- from the cacique
to the eldest son of his
eldest sister.
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12. The Indigenous People
• If this avenue was not
available, then another
sister’s son followed by
a brother’s son and if
all of these failed to
produce an heir the
title went to the
Cacique’s own son.
• In Taino society, a
female could become
the Cacique if there
were no male heirs.
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13. The Food of The Indigenous
People
• Taino’s primary crops
was cassava.
• This is a root crop from
which a poisonous juice
must be squeezed.
• They also planted maize,
potatoes and other
starchy foods.
• For meat, they ate fish,
yellow snake, manatee
and sometimes their
canine companions- the
alcos.
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14. The Food of The
Indigenous People
• The Taino were an agricultural people,
with additional economic activities
including:
– fishing, hunting, weaving, pottery
and in lesser instances mining
Hispaniola and trading.
• Cassava (manioc) was the staple food
cultivated by the Taino and was used
to make cassava bread.
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15. The first wave of Africans
• We are taught throughout our school
years of compulsory history that the
Africans were introduced to the New
World as a part of the slave trade.
• However, there has been evidence
from the 1970s that Africans have
been in the New World from the 14th
century.
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16. The first wave of Africans
• The evidence is in Olmec heads that have been
unearthed in Central America, similarities in
language and religious deities and the acquisition
of technology in the New World at such a rapid
pace that only being given this information first
hand would explain the how these technologies
could have been developed so quickly.
• While they did not leave a lasting impression on
the region to survive into the Modern Day, they
had a substantial impact on the people that had
already been settled in the region.12/19/2018 www.AboveorBeyondJM.com 16

17. The first wave of Europeans
(to the Caribbean)
• The Europeans came to the
Caribbean in 1492 with the arrival of
Columbus, and kick started the
region’s entrance into the global
sphere as an ongoing battleground
for territories between the English,
Spanish, French and Dutch.
• With them came the decline of the
indigenous peoples, due to disease,
overwork and genocide.12/19/2018 www.AboveorBeyondJM.com 17

18. The first wave of Europeans
(to the Caribbean)
• They introduced the new foundations of
the modern Caribbean political and social
structure.
• But, also began the dawn of the pre-
modern Caribbean era, the Slave/Sugar
Era.
• They introduced Christianity to the region,
new animals such as horses and pigs and
new clothes.
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19. The Second wave of
Africans
• The second wave of Africans arrived as
enslaved people from West Africa.
• This was the wave that had a substantial
effect on the region as the 20 million
people that were transported via the
Middle Passage dramatically changed
the demography of the region.
• They brought us the foundation of our
music, food items such as yam, ackee
and stews, hairstyles such as cornrows,
family structures and manner of
worship.
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20. The Second wave of
Africans
• It has been speculated that
some of the runaway enslaved
(Maroons) settled in the hills
with the remaining Taino,
forming an additional race.
• These Maroons also introduced
Jerk to the Jamaican diet.
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21. The Second wave of
Africans
• The Africans that came to Jamaica
were mainly of the Ashante Kingdom
from modern day Northern Ghana, a
powerful entity that was known for its
warrior class.
• They were known as a passionate, and
in the planters’ opinion an aggressive
set of people.
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22. The Second
wave of
Africans
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23. The Second wave of Africans
• It is because of this that Jamaica was known
to have the most slave rebellions, and
Jamaican planters were generally absentee,
compared with Barbados.
• Of course, the enslaved came from a variety
of other regions as well, this caused the
creation of Patios, as a mixture of a variety
of African languages, English and a bit of
Spanish, made in an effort for the enslaved
to understand each other and the planters.
• After slavery, they became peddlers and
small-scale peasant farmers, some
eventually owning small businesses.
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24. The arrival of the
Indians and Chinese
• After the end of the Slave Era, between 1853 and
1844, the plantocracy, in an effort to both separate
themselves from the newly liberated black
population and to artificially lower wages, brought in
immigrants from the East:
– Indians (~ 430,000), Chinese (~17,430 - 5,000 to
Jamaica),
– East Africans and even some Portuguese (they
were brought to increase the ration of whites to
blacks).
• The Chinese and Indians introduced new cuisines to
the region such as curry and rice popular foods
among the populace.
• They added complexities to the different Caribbean
creoles by bringing their native languages.
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25. The arrival of the Indians and Chinese
• These immigrants facilitated a major demographic change in the
Caribbean.
• Aside from introducing Chinese and Indians populations into the
Caribbean melting pot, they caused new races to be created the
mixing of the African descendants and the Indians resulted in the
creation of a new people called ‘douglas’, and due to the lack of
female Chinese immigrants there was also a mixing between them
and the African descendants.
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26. The arrival of the Indians and Chinese
• The Chinese immigrants
– opened shops such as, supermarkets, ice cream parlours and restaurants (the
Chinese opened the very first supermarket in Jamaica). They also participated in a
regular oyster trade.
• The Indian immigrants
– opened jewellery stores where they sold precious jewels.
• The opening of these new businesses was all done at the end of the immigrants’
contracts as they often times, worsening conditions on the estates often times caused
the Indians to not renew their contracts or to quit the estates which led them to
creating their own enterprises.
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27. Our Geography
• The Climate
• The Flora and Fauna – Indigenous forms
and environmental concerns
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28. The Climate
• Jamaica has a Tropical Maritime
climate; therefore it is hot (an
average of 29 degrees Celsius)
and humid all year round, but the
average temperature is more
determined by the sea rather
than its location in the Tropical
Climatic Zone.
• Some areas, especially
mountainous regions tend to be
cooler and have more rainfall,
such as Manchester and
Portland.
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29. The Climate
• There are two seasons,
– the wet season spanning the
Atlantic Hurricane Season from
June 1st to November 31st, with
September and October
experiencing the most rainfall,
– the dry season spanning from
December 1st to May 31st.
• Between December and early March,
Jamaica experiences colder
temperatures, influenced by cold
fronts (Christmas Breeze) from
continental North America.
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30. Geography
• Jamaica has been a sought-out region
for centuries.
• From the time of the Taino, they
named the country Xaymaca, meaning
the Land of Wood and Water.
• Centuries ago when the Europeans
arrived Jamaica was known as the pearl
of the Indies.
• Today, we know it as the best place to
be, Our Home.
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31. Rock Structure
• The land is mainly made out of
limestone rock with some igneous
deposits in the eastern section of
the island near the Blue Mountain
and John Crown Mountain ranges.
• This is because they are the sight of
extinct volcanoes.
• Even now, there is volcanic activity
in Jamaica, but as pleasant mineral
springs, on the benign end of
geothermic activity.
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32. Rock Structure
• The limestone has caused a number of the
caves in the north of the island and has
allowed us to have rich bauxite deposits in
central Jamaica.
• While Jamaica is known to be mountainous,
the elevation of the land not uniform and is
on a gradient from the highest areas in the
east to the lowest generally being in the
west.
• However, there are low-lying areas located
in all parishes.
• These areas tend to be used as residential
areas or for large scale farming.
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33. The
Cities
and
Main
Towns
• County: Surrey
– Parish Capital
– Kingston - Kingston
– St Andrew – Half-Way-Tree
– St Mary – Port Maria
– Portland – Port Antonio
– St Thomas - Morant Bay
• County: Cornwall
– Parish Capital
– St Elizabeth – Black River
– Westmoreland
Savana-la-Mar
– Hanover - Lucea
– St James – Montego Bay
• County: Middlesex
– Parish Capital
– St Ann – St. Ann’s Bay
– St Catherine –
Spanish Town
– Clarendon –May Pen
– Trelawny -Falmouth
– Manchester
Mandeville
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34. Our Politics & Government
• Democracy Jamaican style
• The Political Parties
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35. Our Politics &
Government
• Democracy Jamaican style
• The Political Parties
– JLP
– PNP
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36. The Jamaica Labour Party
One of the two major political parties in Jamaica, the other being the
People's National Party.
While its name suggests that it is a social democratic party, the JLP is
actually a conservative party.
However, it has longstanding ties to
the Jamaican labour movement.
Leadership: Andrew Holness (Party leader)
Founder: Alexander Bustamante
Founded: July 8, 1943
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37. The People's National Party
A social-democratic
political party in
Jamaica founded in
1938 by Activist
Osmond Theodore
Fairclough.
It holds 30 of 63 seats
in the House of
Representatives, as
well as a majority of
local government
bodies with 151 of the
228 divisions.
Leadership:
Peter Phillips
Founders: Alexander
Bustamante, Norman
Manley
Founded:
August 27, 1938
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38. Our Economy
• Historical
Sources of
Revenue
• The Labour Force
• The Unions
• The Exchange
Rate
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39. National Security &
Public Order
• Who keeps the Peace?
– A look at the Police,
– the Army
– Private security
• Crime – A reality
wherever you go:
– How not to be a
victim and what to
do if you are
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40. Our Culture
• The Language
• Good Jamaican Manners
• Food – The Spice of Life
• Service Organizations and Clubs
• Want to go to Church?
• The Mass Media
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41. Cannabis in Jamaica
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42. Living Conditions
• Housing,
• Transportation,
• Health services,
• Shopping,
• Schools
• Communications
• https://www.youtu
be.com/watch?v=Jt
V4WdqJVTw
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43. What we do for fun:
• A look at Sports,
• The visual and
performing Arts,
• Music and Jamaica
after dark
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44. RECEPTION OR PARTY?
Understanding Time in Jamaica
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45.  a professor of chronemics at the
University ofTexas at Austin
 explores the way time affects
communication,
 specifically the way our
understanding of time affects
our work.
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46.  She examines the way we measure,
quantify, "spend" and enjoy time and
how this affects
 our culture and the way we organize
as people.
 The sense of productive time
management really only reflects
our understanding of time—and
not our objective success.
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47. Monochronic and Polychronic
The United States is a monochronic society,
meaning we look at time as a resource
something that can be wasted, bought,
spent, saved and made.
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48. Polychronic societies
 are more about relationships.
 Time is fluid and informal.
 Multiple things can be done at once, and often
keeping on schedule is an impossibility.
 In this kind of culture, being "late" or changing
course to reflect an emotional state,
inconvenience or inspiration is normal.
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49. How Does Jamaica Operate?
• Try to work in a MONOCHRONIC world …
And live in a POLYCHRONIC world?
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50. QUESTION TIME
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51. WELCOME TO JAMAICA
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53. AN ORGANIZATION IS
A PERFECT SYSTEM
SHAPED TO BE WHAT IT IS
by the behaviours that are reinforced
This can be by
direct or indirect actions
intended or un-intended
actions
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54. TEAM WORK

55. Diversity refers to all the ways that
individuals are unique and differ
from one another.
55

56. 56
Diversity is the mosaic of
people who bring a variety
of backgrounds, styles,
perspectives, values and
beliefs as assets to the
groups and organizations
with which they interact.
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57. Recognizing our unique differences
Attracting people of all backgrounds
Recognizing how attitudes affect us all
Creating an environment where all can succeed
Acting to promote diversity
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58.  Age
 Gender
 Ethnicity
 Race
 Physical Ability
 Sexual Orientation
 Physical Characteristics
 Income
 Education
 Marital Status
 Religious Beliefs
 Geographic Location
 Parental Status
 Personality Type
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59.  Primary dimensions are elements we have some power to
change. People are less sensitive about secondary
dimensions.
 We also have the choice of whether to disclose this information or
not; we can conceal these characteristics.
 Secondary dimensions are aspects of ourselves that we
cannot change.
 They are things people know about us before we even open our
mouths, because they are physically visible (except sexual
orientation).
 When people feel they are being stereotyped based on primary
dimension, they can be very sensitive about it.
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60.  􀂄 Gender
 􀂄 Eye Color
 􀂄 Hair Color
 􀂄 Race
 􀂄 Birth Defects
60

61.  Religion
 Educational Level
 Parental Status
 Geographic Location
 Socioeconomic Status
 Sexual Identity
61

62. 5-6212/19/2018 www.AboveorBeyond.com

63. 5-63
Diversity
Dissimilarities/differences among people in
age, gender, race, ethnicity, religion, sexual
orientation, socioeconomic background, and
capabilities/disabilities
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64. 5-64
 The ethical imperative for equal opportunity
 Effectively managing diversity can improve
organizational effectiveness
 There is substantial evidence that diverse
individuals continue to experience unfair
treatment
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65. 5-65
 Glass ceiling
alludes to the invisible barriers
that prevents
minorities and women
from being promoted
to top corporate
positions
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66. 66
 Age
 National origin
 Race
 Sexual orientation
 Religion
 Disability
 Gender
 Education
 Work role/experience
 Personality
 Customs
 Geographic location
 Functional discipline
 Languages used
 Values
 Communication style
 Work Style
 Learning style
 Economic status
 Family situation
 Philosophical perspective
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67. Culture &
Communication
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68. Welcome to
Jamrock
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69. The Eyes Have It!!
IN JUST ONE GLANCE:
Adults make trait judgments
after viewing faces
for only 100ms.
Some of the traits we spontaneously
attribute to strangers based solely
on their face includes –
intelligence, honesty, dominance,
competence, trustworthiness, and
likability. 69

71. 12/19/2018 www.AboveorBeyond.com 71

72. • trustworthy
• likeable
• represent warmth
• represent comfort
• represent safety
For the message to get
through people must
believe that you are
72
72

73. This happens without words
We plug into
thousands of
preconscious cues.
73

74. The First Brain:
The Non-reasoning, Non-rational Part
Seat of human emotion
The brain stem
Provide immediate instinctual
response
Limbic system
The emotional centre
74

75. The New Brain: The cerebral cortex
Seat of conscious thought
Memory
Language
Creativity
Decision making
75

76. To Get To The New Brain
The message must
first pass through
the first brain
76

77. 77
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION…
• is based on emotional impact
• we must be believed to have
impact
• ALL FIRST BRAIN
LIKABILITY IS THE SHORTEST
PATH
TO BELIEVABILITY AND TRUST
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78. Myths? Facts? Assumption?
78
What have
you heard
said about
JAMAICANS?
What have
you heard
said about
CANADIANS?

79. Good communications
means
• expressing yourself clearly
through verbal and non-
verbal language;
• listening so that you
understand what others are
saying
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80. We spend
between 50% and
80% of our
waking hours
communicating
HOW MUCH TIME
DO YOU SPEND
COMMUNICATING?
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81. COMMUNICATION IN A TEAM
There can’t be collaboration
and support without
communication among the
people in a group
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82. COMMUNICATING IN A TEAM
The way people communicate
with one another-in both
words and nonverbal clues-
Reflects how they feel about
working with one another
Builds (or detracts from) the
team's effectiveness

83. Good Communication
• Gives clear messages
• conducive to people working
productively and harmoniously
• without misunderstanding and
misinterpretation
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84. Good Communication
• As people on the team
learn to take other
members at face value
–they build trust and
credibility
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85. Dr. Maya Angelou
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85
www.AboveorBeyond.com

86. Good Communication
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88. Workplace
Diversity
Challenges
in Jamaica
88
HAIR STYLE SKIN COLOR HOME
ADDRESS
SCHOOL
ATTENDED
DISABILITIES
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89. 12/19/2018 www.AboveorBeyond.com 89
Mission, Vision, Values and Work:
Aligning The Organization for Higher Levels of
Personal Satisfaction and Productivity
Workforce ALIGNMENT Company
Mission SHARED Mission
Vision SHARED Vision
Values SHARED Values
Satisfaction
Levels
HIGH Satisfaction
Levels
Synchrony

90. Living The Values

91. CANADA:
Values &
Expected
Behaviours
• Public servants, whatever their levels or
the positions they occupy, and including
CBS and LES,
• shall conduct themselves in accordance
with the following values and expected
behaviours in their everyday work,
• inside the Department and when they
deal with stakeholders (OGDs, other
governments, clients from the private
sector, etc.), contractors, and members
of the public, in Canada and abroad.

92. CANADA:
Values &
Expected
Behaviours
• These values and behaviours
are consistent with the Values
and Ethics Code for the Public
Sector.
• They cannot be considered in
isolation, as they often overlap.

93. Respect for
democracy
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Public servants recognize that elected officials are
accountable to Parliament, and ultimately to the
Canadian people, and that a nonpartisan public
sector is essential to our democratic system.
The system of Canadian parliamentary democracy
and its institutions are fundamental to serving the
public interest.

94. Respect for
democracy
• For public servants, respecting democracy
means:
• respecting the rule of law and carrying out
their duties in accordance with legislation,
policies, and directives in a nonpartisan and
objective manner;
• loyally carrying out the lawful decisions of their
leaders and supporting ministers in their
accountability to Parliament and Canadians;
• and providing decision-makers with all the
information, analysis, and advice they need –
be open, candid and impartial.

95. Respect for people
• Treating all people with respect,
dignity, and fairness is fundamental
to our relationship with the Canadian
public and contributes to a secure,
safe and healthy work environment
that promotes engagement,
openness, and transparency.
• The diversity of people and the ideas
they generate are the wellspring of
our spirit of innovation.
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96. Respect
for people
www.AboveorBeyond.com 12/19/2018 96
For public servants, respecting people
means:
treating every person with respect and
fairness;
valuing diversity and the benefit of
combining the unique qualities and
strengths inherent in a diverse work force;
understanding and appreciating cultural
differences;

97. Respect for
people
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and working together in a spirit of openness, honesty,
and transparency that encourages engagement,
collaboration, and respectful communication.
helping to create and maintain safe and healthy
workplaces that are free from harassment and
discrimination;

98. Integrity
• Integrity is the cornerstone of good
governance and democracy.
• By upholding the highest ethical
standards, public servants
conserve and enhance public
confidence in the honesty, fairness,
and impartiality of the federal
public sector.
• How ends are achieved is as
important as the achievements
themselves.

99. Integrity
• For public servants, acting with
integrity means:
• acting at all times in a manner
that will bear the closest public
scrutiny, an obligation that may
not be fully satisfied by simply
acting within the law;
• never using their official roles to
inappropriately obtain advantages
for themselves or to advantage or
disadvantage others;
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100. Integrity
• taking all possible steps to
prevent and resolve any real,
apparent, or potential conflicts
of interest between their
official responsibilities and their
private affairs, in favour of the
public interest;
• acting in such a way as to
maintain their employer’s trust;
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101. Integrity
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• respecting confidential and protected
information at all times, as well as using
good judgement when sharing information
and opinions (including through social
media), so as not to affect the reputation of
the Government of Canada, the
Department, or colleagues;
• and displaying appropriate behaviour at all
times, in Canada and abroad, to maintain
and enhance the public’s confidence and
trust in the integrity of the Public Service of
Canada.
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102. Stewardship
• Federal public servants are
entrusted to use and care for
public resources responsibly, for
both the short and long terms.
• For public servants, responsible
stewardship means:
• effectively and efficiently using
the public money, property, and
resources they manage;

103. Stewardship
• considering the present and long-
term effects of their actions on
people and the environment;
• acting at all times in a way that
contributes to maintaining security
and safety in the workplace;
• and acquiring, preserving, and
sharing knowledge and
information as appropriate.

104. Excellence
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•Excellence in the design and
delivery of public-sector policy,
programs, and services is
beneficial to every aspect of
Canadian life.
•Engagement, collaboration,
effective teamwork, and
professional development are
all essential to a high-
performing organization.
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105. Excellence
• For public servants, excellence at work means:
• providing fair, timely, efficient, and effective
services that respect Canada’s official languages;
• continually improving the quality of policies,
programs, and services they provide to Canadians
and other parts of the public sector;
• fostering a work environment that promotes
teamwork, learning, and innovation;
• and pursuing excellence in all aspects of our work,
applying the full benefit of learning opportunities,
and striving for continuous improvement in the
delivery of our mandate.
• Source: Values and Ethics Code, Government of
Canada 2014

106. Marcus
Buckingham
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There is no such thing as a corporate
culture
Companies are made up of many cultures
The strengths and weaknesses of which
are a result of local conditions
Each manager is responsible for the
culture s/he creates

107. Civilizations should be measured by
"the degree of diversity attained
and the degree of unity retained."
— W.H. Auden, English poet (1907-1973)
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108. 108
“When we feel a
sense of belonging
it is not because we
are the same as
everyone else, but
because we have
been accepted as
we are.”
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109. What We Do
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