Electrolytic Dissociation

1. ELECTROLYTIC DISSOCIATIONELECTROLYTIC DISSOCIATION
The electrolytic dissociation is the mechanical process that allows toThe electrolytic dissociation is the mechanical process that allows to
dissolvedissolve ionic compoundsionic compounds in water.in water.
As the electrolytic dissociation is a process that happens in water, theAs the electrolytic dissociation is a process that happens in water, the
structure of this molecule, and its consequences (polarity) have a verystructure of this molecule, and its consequences (polarity) have a very
important roll during this process.important roll during this process.
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2. DISSOCIATION
• Thewater moleculeisformed with
two atomsof Hydrogen and oneof
Oxygen.
• Becauseof theelectronegativity of
Oxygen, theatomsof Hydrogen form
an angleof 105°, that givesto the
moleculeaspecial shape.
• Asaresult of the shapeof thewater molecule, it becomesan
electrical dipole, with positivecharge, next to theHydrogen.
And anegativecharge next to theOxygen.
O
H
H
105°
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IMPORTANTCONCEPTS

3. C l
N a
ClNa
C l N a
C l
N a
Cl N
a
ClNa
ClN
a
C l
N a
DISSOCIATION
Each molecule, starts separating from the
whole crystal, by the attractive action of the
electrical charges in the watermolecule
ClNa
C l N a
C l
N a
Cl N
a
ClNa
C l
N aClN
a
C l
N a
When an ionic compound as Sodium chloride,
dissolves in water, as faras sodium chloride
(table salt) comes in contact with water.....
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4. C l
-
ClNa
C l N a
C l
N a
Cl N
a
ClNa
ClN
a
C l
N a
DISSOCIATION
Each ion in the sodium chloride (ionic compound)
is separated by the watermolecule, producing
free ions that act as free electrons, during the
electrical current conduction.
C l
N a
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N a
+

5. ClNa
C l
-
C l N a
ClN
a
ClNa
C l
N a
Cl N
a
C l
N a
DISSOCIATION As you observe, the negative ions,
are surrounded by waterwith the
hydrogen oriented toward the
anion.
And the cation, will have the
negative charge of the water
dipole attracted.
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-
-
-
-
+ +
+
+
+
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+
+
+
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N a
+

6. Cl
-
Na
+
C l
-
N a
+
ClNa
C l N a
C l
N a
Cl N
a ClN
a
C l
N a
++
DISSOCIATION
This process produces
homogeneous mixtures with
particles mixed of the size of an
ion, which are called solutions.
These special solutions receive the
name of electrolytes.
+
+
+
++
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
-
-
- -
-
- -
-
+
+-
ClNa

7. Cl
-
Na
+
C l
-
N a
+
ClNa
C l N a
C l
N a
Cl N
a ClN
a
C l
N a
++
DISSOCIATION
This process produces
homogeneous mixtures with
particles mixed of the size of an
ion, which are called solutions.
These special solutions receive the
name of electrolytes.
+
+
+
++
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
-
-
- -
-
- -
-
+
+-
ClNa