Enron Corporation Essay

Enron Corporation Essay
Enron Corporation
Before filing for bankruptcy in 2001, Enron Corporation was one of the largest integrated natural
gas and electricity companies in the world. It marketed natural gas liquids worldwide and operated
one of the largest natural gas transmission systems in the world, totaling more than 36,000 miles. It
was also one of the largest independent developers and producers of electricity in the world, serving
both industrial and emerging markets.
Timeline
Enron began as Northern Natural Gas Company, organized in Omaha, Nebraska, in 1930. The
company's founding came just a few months after the stock market crash of 1929, an unusual time to
launch a new venture. Several aspects of the Great Depression actually worked in ... Show more
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1985: InterNorth merges with Houston Natural Gas Corp. to form HNG/InterNorth. The new
enterprise begins to divest some of its business that did not fit in with its long–term goals, including
the Peoples division, which sells for $250 million. Peru's government nationalizes the company's
assets there, and HNG/InterNorth begins negotiating for payment, taking a $218 million charge
against earnings in the meantime.
1986: Changes its name to Enron Corp. Sells its chemical subsidiary and its 50% stake in Citrus
Corp.
Enron built power plants in industrial and developing nations all over the world: Italy, Turkey,
Argentina, China, India, Brazil, Guatemala, Bolivia, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, the
Philippines, and others. By 1996, earnings from these projects accounted for 25 percent of total
company earnings before interest and taxes
1998: Enron puts its Enron Oil & Gas Co. up for sale, but refuses an offer, reportedly from
Occidental Petroluem Corp., for 53.5% of the unit. The company secures roughly $800 million
worth of new customers each quarter. By the year's end, it is the largest electricity wholesale
operation in the U.S.
1999: Acquires Teeside Utilities and Services from Imperial Chemical Industries PLC for $480
million. BP Amoco PLC pays $45 million for Enron's 50% stake in Solarex, a solar energy venture.
Begins
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JPMorgan
The expectation that businesses behave responsibly and positively contribute to society all while
pursuing their economic goals is one that holds firm through all generations. Stakeholders, both
market and nonmarket, expect businesses to be socially responsible. Many companies have
responded to this by including this growing expectation as part of their overall business operations.
There are companies in existence today whose sole purpose is to socially benefit society alongside
businesses who simply combine social benefits with their economic goals as their company mission.
These changes in societal expectations and thus company purpose we've seen in the business
community over time often blurs the line of what it means to be socially ... Show more content on
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JPMorgan Chase is amongst the big four banks in the U.S. with Bank of America, CitiGroup, and
Wells Fargo. According to Bloomberg, in of October 2011 they surpassed Bank of America as the
largest bank by assets. JPMorgan Chase & Co is considered to be a universal bank.
When a stakeholder visits JPMorgan's website market or nonmarket, they will find a section
dedicated to corporate social responsibility. Most companies provide easy access to this information
along with an annual report on their initiatives that year and how they plan to maintain and even
further their social responsibility in the next years. In the CSR section companies typically provide
us with a short opening statement about their mission in social responsibility at JPMorgan it is the
following "At JPMorgan Chase & Co., corporate responsibility always has been central to how we
do business, starting with operating with integrity in all we do and extending to all the ways we help
our clients and communities navigate a complex global economy. We strive to develop innovative
programs that leverage the core strengths, capabilities and expertise of our business and our people –
and those of our partners – to maximize our impact. JPMorgan Chase is profoundly optimistic about
how much can be accomplished when people come together to do extraordinary things." From that
statement alone one would be led to believe that they are a

The Twentieth Century American Banking System
First, an overview of the Twentieth Century American Banking System. Banking regulations are
implemented to strengthen the banking sector and to eliminate bank panics. For example, the
creation of the Federal Reserve System in 1913 was largely a response to lessons learned in the
Panic of 1907. The Creation of the Federal Reserve System in 1913 marked the beginning of the
modern era of Banking in America. From 1864 until 1913, American banking was dominated by a
federally regulated system of the national banks. They alone were allowed to issue currency, and the
currency notes they issued were printed by the federal government with uniform size and design.
How much currency a national bank could issue depended on its capital. Although, this ... Show
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In 1913 the national banking system was eliminated and the Federal Reserve System was created as
a way to compel all deposit–taking institutions to hold adequate reserves and to open their accounts
to inspection by regulators. The Glass–Steagall Act was passed back in the 1933 to separate the
conflict between commercial banking and securities activities. The main goal was for these two
industries to not take place within the same financial institution. In order to protect the depositor's
money, the American people from another financial crisis. Due to the aftermath of the Great
Depression, Congress took the upper hand to regulate the banking system. The Glass–Steagall Act
was meant to implement trust between the American people and restore the confidence in the
banking system. The Banking Act of 1933 required banks to choose between; a simple lender, bank,
or underwriter a broker. Banks weren't allowed to work on two banking options. The Federal
Reserve was given the sole right to issue currency in order to make the money supply sufficiently
responsive to fulfill economic conditions around the country. The Glass–Steagall Act of 1933
separated banks into two categories, commercial banks, depository banks that accepted deposits and
were covered by deposit insurance, and investment banks,

The Euro And Its Impact On The U.S. Economy
The Euro and its Impact on the U.S. Economy The euro is the official currency of the following 12
European nations: Belgium, Germany, Greece, Spain, France, Luxembourg, Ireland, Italy, The
Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, and Finland. Although it has been the official currency since January
1,1999 it became physical tender which can be used by all participating countries on January
1,2002. The introduction of the euro into the world was truly a historic event; it represented a unity
never before seen in the history of Europe, a common currency. After years of negotiations and
much skepticism from around the globe, the implementation of the euro is no longer an abstract
ideal, but a change that nations, corporations, and investors must ... Show more content on
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These changes will in turn make companies more competitive, expand markets for businesses, as
well as increase trade across borders. However, most importantly the euro is intended to create
financial market stability within the participating countries. By eliminating the movements of
exchange rate and all reference to them, the European Central Bank will control interest rates and
inflation. This will lead to less uncertainty and create new opportunities for success.
Global American businesses are also more likely to be successful because of the American concept
of investing in Europe. Many companies compare the economic impacts of Europe as a whole
instead of as single countries. "There is a very real possibility that US corporations, given their
lower cost base and the tendency they have already shown to view Europe as a single market, will
be the real winners from monetary union," according to a report by Price Waterhouse, the
international consultancy.
Another impact the euro could have on the American economy is by effecting the exchange rate of
the dollar. Although there is great potential for the euro to have a positive impact on American
business, there still is much uncertainty regarding the long–term effect it will have on the dollar's
role as the world's dominant currency. Federal Reserve chairman Alan Greenspan in his remarks on
the euro on November 30, 2001 states that, "clearly the

Bank Of America Corporation : A Bank Company
Group #8 Project 2 Introduction: Bank of America Corporation. Operates as a bank company that
provides banking and nonbanking monetary services and merchandise through its banking and
numerous nonbanking subsidiaries throughout the US and insure international markets. It operates
through 5 segments: client & Business Banking, client land Services, world Banking, world
Markets and world Wealth & Investment Management. The buyer & Business banking
section offers a wide–ranging vary of credit, banking and investment merchandise and services to
shoppers and businesses. Its merchandise embody ancient savings accounts, market savings
accounts, CDs, IRAs, noninterest– and fixed costs checking accounts and investment accounts. The
client the buyer the patron land Services section provides an in depth line of consumer land
merchandise and services to customers nationwide. Its merchandise embody fixed– and adjustable–
rate first–lien mortgage loans for home purchase and refinancing wants, HELOC and residential
equity loans. The worldwide Banking section provides a variety of lending–related merchandise and
services, integrated capital management and treasury solutions to purchasers, and underwriting and
consultative services. The worldwide Markets section offers sales and commerce services, which
has analysis to institutional purchasers across mounted financial gain, credit, currency, goods and
equity businesses. The worldwide Wealth & Investment Management section

Analysis Of The Vision Statement Of J.p Morgan Chase & Co.
IBE Assignment JP Morgan Chase & Co. Section – D Mihir Birua (PGP30206) Declaration "I,
Mihir Birua do hereby declare that the report is my individual effort and that no part of the report is
copied from published/unpublished sources without proper citation". 1. Objective and scope 2.
Vision and mission The vision statement of J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.: "At JPMorgan Chase, we
want to be the best financial services company in the world. Because of our great heritage and
excellent platform, we believe this is within our reach." The mission of JP Morgan Chase is to
provide outstanding and unparalleled service to all its clients which will empower them with strong
analytical insights, enabling them to become more effective in managing their human assets. 3.
Value system Built with the history of over 200 years, the company has been always there for its
clients and communities, be it good or bad times. The company follows certain principles – and they
are not necessarily in any order of importance. It believes that it will reach its goal of becoming the
best financial services company in the world by adhering to the guiding principles. Below are
certain principles that serve as a roadmap on how and why the company make its decisions. 1.
Always aspire to be the best :  Always strive to develop a world–class franchise in every business
it operates.  To be client–driven and maintain consistency in delivering the quality products and
services in the most cost–effective

Case Study : Chase & Co Essay
JPMorgan Chase & Co. origins back to 1799 when it was firstly chartered in New York City.
JPMorgan Chase& Co. today encompasses more than 1,200 banks and credit institutions. As global
economy leader, it's most important firms – J.P. Morgan, Chase Manhattan, Chemical, Bank One,
First Chicago, and National Bank of Detroit gave a solid contribution to the finance innovation and
the growth of the United States and the rest of the world.
Clients and Consumer JPMorgan Chase & Co. is a financial holding company which provide
commercial and consumer banking services under the Chase brand. The commercial banking
activities across business credit, commercial term lending and more. The consumer activities include
credit cards, small businesses, auto finance, education finance, and merchant services. The company
provides financial services to corporations, governments, individuals, and institutional investors
under its J.P. Morgan brand. It also offers financial transaction processing, asset management and
private equity services.
Management
JPMorgan Chase & Co has been able to remain competitive since its inception in 1933 by faithfully
following the founder Mr. J.P. Morgan Junior legacy whose business slogan was: "I should state that
at all times, the idea of doing only first–class business, and that in a first class way, has been before
our minds" (Market Line, 2016, p. 53). Back in 2004 the management strategically decided that in
order to remain a

Hsb Gym Business Plan
Executive Summary Over the last few years this country has been focus on obesity and personal
health for everyone. HSB (Hot Sexy Body) Fitness Center is looking to help individual who heard
the call for a sexier and healthier body. HSB will open it door in the Downtown section of Brooklyn
in New York. This section of Brooklyn has grown the third largest central business district behind
New York City. In the coming years the area will continue to grow as many large companies move
into many of the office buildings been created; this will then increase the population of the job force
in the area. Therefore, HSB has target the area in conjunction with the increase of population.
HSB is proposing a gym that is easily accessible and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Activities Manager:
The activities manager(s) will be responsible for supervising, personal trainers, childcare personal,
and fitness/equipment specialist. This individual will work closely with its staff to coordinate all the
different actives to be held in the center. Position will require being a full–time employee who is
well organized, having strong communication and excellent leadership skills.
Personal Trainer:
Certified personal trainers will create a personalized and custom–built exercise program for each
individual to achieve their goals.
Childcare personal:
Applicant should exhibit good communication skills, highly motivated and have experience with
children. Background check will be required. Position will be part–time, high school diploma or
GED required.
Fitness / Equipment Specialist:
Fitness/Equipment will be responsible for maintain all of the equipments in the center. Individual is
expected monitor the centers safety, assist the operation manager and activities manger on the day to
day duties in the center. Qualifications for the position are knowledge of all the gyms machinery
such as cardio machines and strength work out machines.
Sales / Operation Manager
This position functions will be to attend all of the customers and members inquires, managing the
operations of

The History Of Modern Corporate Collection
In the 1988, one year after Black Monday when Don Jones Industrial Average fell nearly 23 percent
in a single day, Art & Auction the international art market journal published its annual edition with
the troubling headline: "Is Corporate Collecting Dead?". Almost 20 years later, the financial crisis
made hundreds of bankers lose their jobs, and the image of people moving out their offices can still
be recalled even today, and the same question aroused again. The same questions may appear again
and again in the future, but as an essential part of world of art collecting, corporate collecting won't
die in the eyes of most people in the field.
The brief history of modern corporate collection
It is hard to chase back to the origin of the art patronage, since it is nearly as old as art itself, but the
shift from a model dating from the Renaissance, in which leaders of industry used the fruits of their
labor to purchase or commission superlative art either for their private residences or for the benefit
of the public (or of God and the Church), is surprisingly recent. So it's essential to isolate "modern"
corporate collecting from other great but older tradition such as hanging decorative pieces and
portraits of founders and other core members to embellish a boardroom or showcase the firm's
position or reputation.
Modern corporate collecting began in nineteenth century in the United States as a movement to
preserve the records, memorabilia, and products of a company.

JPMORGAN CHASE Essay
JPMorgan Chase is one of the oldest financial services company dating back over 200 years. It has
$2 trillion in assets and operations in more than 60 countries. JPMC's corporate strategy is it
provides services and products in major capital markets. JPMorgan Chase, well known nationally
and globally, is leading in investment banking, financial services for consumers, small business and
commercial banking, financial transaction processing, asset management, and private equity.
According to JPMorgan Chase website, from the beginning, they have contributed to business,
society and world affairs. They pride themselves on their reputation and employees. They consider
their employees "most valuable assets". JPMC's mission are to ... Show more content on
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Chase Manhattan owned Robert Fleming & Co., the London–based asset manager that had a big
presence in Asia. Some Fleming investment teams now oversee several JP Morgan equity funds.
Bank One's fixed–income offerings based in Columbus, Ohio, are a large anchor of JP Morgan's
bond shop. When JP Morgan bought asset–management firm Highbridge Capital Management in
2009, it helped the fund family move into alternatives such as commodities and market neutral
strategies.
They have been able to generate different sources of revenues through commercial banking, credit
card and retail financial services, which separates them from competing with some investment
banking companies. The accounts, products and features the company offers sometimes have fees
which it is willing to waive. Since the company wants the "share of wallet" of high balanced
customers, it will take such actions. This action of course has the potential to deepen relationships.
In the article by author Charles Keenen he states, "According to Bancography, a consulting firm in
Birmingham, Ala., a customer who has just one product with a bank will stick with that bank for
about 18 months, but add even one product – a savings account, perhaps – and the average jumps to
four years. Customers with three products will stay with the bank for about 6.8 years." JPMorgan
Chase has a unique software which the company utilizes to maintain its relationship

Essay about Bank of New York
Executive Summary
Founded in 1784, the Bank of New York is the oldest bank in the United States. It was the first bank
in New York that opened just months after the departure of British troops from American soil in
lower Manhattan. During that time period the monetary system was complex and confusing. The
founders decided that The Bank of New York wasn't going to be a common institution that
capitalized on land; it focused on specie, which is money in coins. Then in 1792 the first corporate
stock to trade on the newly established New York Stock Exchange was the Bank of New York.
During the course of their 220–year history, The Bank of New York has seen the country through
turbulent times – seven wars, ten economic depressions and the ... Show more content on
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The New York Stock Exchange was formed in 1792, and the first Corporation stock to be traded on
the NYSE was The Bank of New York.
The history of this bank began on February 23, 1794 with a small advertisement in the New York
Packet. Alexander Hamilton, a respected New York attorney and future statesman, was appointed to
write the new banks constitution, and became the most actively involved person in the Bank of New
York. He negotiated the new US government's first loan from the Bank of NY for $200,000 against
the US Treasury, who drew a series of warrants on the Bank. These warrants were to establish the
credit of the United States and the economic independence of the young nation. Alexander Hamilton
has left a lasting imprint on the Banks philosophy that remains with the bank today.
During the course of its 220 year history, The Bank of New York has seen its country go through
some turbulent times, seven wars, ten economic depressions and the World Trade Center disaster.
The bank has survived these entire crises and has come out even stronger owning to a commitment
of certain shared and enduring values – Integrity, Respect, Personal Responsibility, Teamwork and
Excellence – and a firm focus on the needs of their clients. These core values formed the foundation
for everything they do.

Iceland Economic Crisis Essay
In 2008, there was global economic crisis that people lost their jobs, savings and homes. Iceland has
a stable democracy, but they have low employment and government debt. Gylfi Zoega said Iceland
had good health care and education. Also, not much crime and good place where families can live.
Iceland allowed multinational corporations, such as Alcoa, it build huge aluminum–smelting plants.
In Iceland, the government privatized their 3 largest banks. The 3 banks borrowed 120 billion
dollars. The stock prices and houses prices were doubled. In 2008, the Iceland bank fell, the
employment increased in the last 6 months. A lot people lost their savings. On September 15, 2008,
the biggest investment banks were forced to declare itself bankrupt. ... Show more content on
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Later, Robert Rubin made 126 million as Vice Chairman of Citigroup. In 1990s, there were $5
trillion investment losses Eliot Spitzer revealed that investment banks made Internet companies they
will fail. In 2002, there were 10 investment banks settled the case for $1.4 billion. In 1998, CFTC
made a proposal to regulate derivatives. Phil Gramm left eh Senate, he became the Vice–Chairman
of UBS. Later, Larry Summers made $20 million as a consultant to relied on derivatives. In 2000,
the Congress passed the Commodity Futures Modernization Act, it banned the regulation of
derivatives. Between 2001 and 2003, mortgage loans increased. In 2000, there were increase of
risky loans called subprime. The U.S housing prices increased and doubled. The Securities and
Exchange Commission had no major investigations of investment banks. More the banks borrowed,
the leverage gets higher. In 2004, leverage limited on the investment banks. The world's largest
insurance company, AIG, sold huge quantities of derivatives called credit default swaps. Raghuram
Rajan made article about global meltdown and said more profits, more risk. Jonathan Alpert was a
therapist for clients who have high–level Wall Street executive. Kristin Davis had prostitution ring,
it was located near New York Stock Exchange. Borrowers had to borrow. 99.3 percent of prices of
the house. Goldman Sachs sold about $3.1 billion worth of CDOs. Paulson had sold his

Jpmorgan Chase Bank: Future Strategic Moves
Future Strategic Moves Among the future strategical moves that Chase bank has in mind includes
planning for a future better job to cover private and family offices both in the Investment bank and
the private bank. According to Chase bank, family offices are increasingly becoming larger, more
globalized as well as more sophisticated, and they are actively purchasing whole stakes or minority
in businesses. The future strategical move comes as a result of Chase bank estimating that
approximately 2,300 families across the world have assets of $1 billion or more in the previous
years and is expected to increase compared to the current figure. Collectively, they are controlling
more than $7 trillion in assets, a number that has grown and is as well ... Show more content on
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We found out due to a fast pace life style, online banking has become more of an essential tool of
life. It is easier to maneuver as well as fast when in rush to check your bank statement. The old
fashion way of banking is a time of the past, less and less interaction with the bank teller. We
researched analyzed various aspect of financial trends for JP Morgan Chase in the last five years and
found interesting facts. First lets us look at the Annual Total Revenues of the last five years for JP
Morgan Chase. In fiscal year 2011, JP Morgan chase had an interest expense of 13.91 billion dollars
and an operating income of 31.73 billion dollars. After the taxes are added up chase finished with an
18.2 billion dollars in net income. According to "Investopedia.com" the net profit margin which is
also net income average for banks in the last five years increased about 18%. In 2015 JP Morgan
Chase interest expense was 7.46 billion dollars and its operating income was 30.7 billion dollars.
After taxes are added up JP Morgan Chase ended with a 23.92 billion dollars in net income. JP
Morgan Chase innovation to create an app to increase its online banking propelled its net income or
net profit margin to a 31.42% increase, higher than the market average for

Bernard Lawrence Madoff
Bernard Lawrence Madoff was a well–known, respected, and beloved name in Wall Street for many
years. But before the scandal and before the fame he was just an average American Joe. He was born
in Queens, New York, on April 29, 1938. (Biography, 2016) His father's name was Ralph Madoff
and mother was Sylvia Madoff. He also had a brother named Peter Madoff who would later play a
key role in his investment firm. Bernard grew up quite knowledgeable about finance and the stock
market after his mother started a brokerage firm from their own home. It was forced to close by the
SEC for failing to file financial reports. (Shea, 2009) In 1956, Bernard graduated from Far
Rockaway high school where he met Ruth who he would later marry. After graduating ... Show
Individuals put their faith and trust into Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC. Clients not
only lost a vast majority of money that they perhaps may never get back but they also lost faith and
trust. Wealthy people invested their retirement earnings and their life savings into this company in
hopes of financial success and instead some clients got their hard earned money stolen for Madoff
own personal benefit. Matt Assad the author of the article titled "Madoff scam still cuts local
victims" speaks about a couple that invested millions of dollars into the company and how they were
affected. Michael De Vita one of the persons interviewed spoke on behalf of the situation and how it
made him feel. Michael states ""Well, I'm now 65, still working and I figure I have another 10 years
to go," the self–employed statistician said. "They can't recover 20–plus years of earnings. They can't
recover money that never existed. No one can be made whole." (De Vita, Assad 1). Thousands of
people are feeling the feeling of disappointment and despair that Michael and his wife have been
feeling for years. Madoff took almost 20 billion dollars from his clients and not even half of the
funds have been returned to the victims. We all work hard for our money, imagine having most of
what you worked for stolen? The invested victims of the ponzi scheme have truly suffered a lot
mentally, emotionally and

Jp Morgan Case Analysis
Case Summary: Chase Cardmember Services (CCS), the credit card–issuing business within
financial services conglomerate J.P. Morgan–Chase, found itself at a critical juncture at the dawn of
the 21st century. Faced with an array of converging forces, both internal and external, CCS would
have to redefine itself if was to survive going forward. The prior fifty years had seen the emergence
and growth of the of credit card industry. The concept began as an issuance of a deferred payment
plan (a line of credit) by retailers to their favored customers for purchases on those retailers' goods
and services––to be tracked on an imprinted card, each with unique information on it (per
customer). Banks got hold of this concept, began issuing credit ... Show more content on
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The objective was to create a win–win situation for the card–issuer and the branded company. For
example, issuing the Shell card made customers already partial towards Shell gasoline even more
incentivized to buy from them, since CSS promised rewards like rebates on purchases of Shell
products. Shell would get the benefit of exclusive business from Shell cardholders, while CSS
would now be preferred as the card of choice for loyal customers of Shell. The problem with this
strategy is that it tended to appeal to the less profitable customers. Customers were usually one of
two types. There were those who used the card often, but they paid off their monthly bills on time.
These were called transactors. Then there were customers called revolvers, who would incur
outstanding debt by failing to pay the monthly balance on time, and interest on this outstanding debt
is how credit card issuers would earn much of their income. Co–branding usually attracted
transactors, and as a result, this arrangement was just not producing the revenue CCS had hoped. 2.
The benefits of having a prestigious investment bank like J.P Morgan become its parent company
are obvious and enormous. CCS brand equity would surge, along with its reach and access to prime
resources, including land (locations), capital, and recognition. But there were

The JP Morgan Chase
The substance of the occupation of the strategist is to adapt to rivalry. The field in which rivalry
happens is the business in which an organization and its opponents strive for business. Every
industry has an unmistakable structure that shapes the way of focused collaboration that unfurls
there. Understanding the fundamental structure of an organization's industry, now and later on, is a
central regimen teach in system arrangement. On the surface, every industry is different. Consider
the worldwide vehicle industry, the overall market for beautiful artistry, the blasting private value
industry, and the intensely controlled health–care conveyance industry in Europe. At one level, these
industries appear to have little in common. Businesses ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Clients include corporations, financial services institutions, middle market companies, small
business, and governments and municipalities. And under the Chase brand, the Commercial Bank
have 25,000 clients and provides, through itself or by partnering with other JP Morgan Chase units,
lending, treasury services, investment banking and investment management to corporations,
municipalities, financial institutions and nonprofit entities with annual revenues which typically
ranged from $10 million to $2 billion. Understanding JPMorgan competitive forces, and their
causes, gives a strategist a way to size up its industry. An investigation of industry structure
uncovers the underlying foundations of an industry's profitability anytime while giving an outline to
forecasting and affecting changes in industry rivalry (and benefit) after some time. Protecting
against the aggressive strengths or forming them in an organization's support turns into an essential
part of

Essay about J.P. Morgan Chase
J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. Is a conglomerate company with a very specific purpose. According to
their website, the mission and values of J.P. Morgan Chase is "To be the most profitable, respected
and influential investment bank in the world for the long term." To adequately quantify a company's
mission or its vision, the firm must first determine, at the strategic level, what its core principles are.
J.P. Morgan Chase is a firm with very specific business principles that they believe are at the very
core of achieving their mission. Many of these basic principles include: Aspire to be the best,
Execute superbly, Build a great team and a winning culture. (J.P. Morgan business goals).
The company defines these goals, and sets pace to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(J.P. Morgan business goals).
To know a company, it is important to have an understanding of its history. J.P. Morgan is one of the
leading global financial services and has been doing business for over 200 years. They have assets
of $1.4 trillion and operations in more than 50 countries. J.P. Morgan Chase has historic links to its
nearly 1,000 predecessors which started back in the 1800s. The beginning of J.P. Morgan Chase
traces back to the Bank of the Manhattan Company that was started in 1799 by Aaron Burr. J.P.
Morgan started his banking career in 1856 in his father's bank in London, but moved a year later to
New York City to work at the banking house of Duncan, Sherman & Company. From 1864–1871
Morgan was a member of Dabney, Morgan & Company. In 1871, he partnered up with Anthony
Drexel a Philadelphia banker to form a private merchant banking partnership in New York, called
Drexel, Morgan & Co that would later become the most powerful investment bank in the world with
access to the world's principal money centers. In 1895, it became J.P. Morgan & Co., and had close
ties with Drexel & Co. of Philadelphia, Morgan, Harjes & Co. of Paris, and J.S. Morgan & Co.
(after 1910 Morgan, Grenfell & Co.), of London. (J.P. Morgan Chase, 2007). In 1869, Morgan
started to reorganize and consolidate all over the United States to help

Jp Morgan Chase Executive Summary
What Is Strategic Management a process for defining and addressing the management implications
of an organization's strategic and operational plans? A long–term context for short–term activities.
Strategic management is the analysis of the work done by the management of an organization on
behalf of the owners. It gyrates around expressing the purposes of the organization and coming up
with an appropriate mission and vision statement. Mission and vision statement together are used to
help develop policies and plans to be used in long term and short term goals often categorized as
projects or programs. It also involves the right resources of management to ensure that the business
profit are maximized to grow the company. Strategic Competitiveness ... Show more content on
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The system is supposed to enhance its internal practices to reducing greenhouse gas, and they will
be increasing recycling processes. More importantly, it will also create strict guidelines for
JPMorgan Chase's lending decisions when it comes to The mining, forestry, oil, and gas industries it
will no longer finance projects that pose a danger to the environment It has also decided to
encourage clients to design plans to try and reduce the large amounts of greenhouse gasses to help
the environment. The modifications come from years of the hard word by the Stakeholders as well
as some other groups that included nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), investors, and activists.
Stakeholders, including NGOs, investors, and activists, as well as communities, labor, and
consumers all, played a significant role in improving corporate behavior. Some NGOs are willing to
put themselves in danger by using strategies of conflict. Others have been working to create
partnerships with companies to help them green their production, often in ways that save them
money. As well, the investor community is taking a progressively active role in work with the
companies in the hopes of creating a partnerships with businesses in order to help them green their
production, which often save them money on the long term outlook. Some of the investor
community is taking an active role as well encouraging corporations to consider the long–term
financial risks of social and environmental issues rather than the next quarter's

What Is JP Morgan Chase?
JPMorgan Chase & CO.
University of La Verne
ECBU Bus 516
Dr. Mehdi Beheshtian–Ardakani
August 15, 2015
Group 2:
Dany Hanna
Jacquelyn Mercado
Richard Orozco
Sejal Barot
Contents
INTRODUCTION 3
TECHNOLOGY 3
NETWORK 5
BUSINESS STRATEGIES 7
ECOMMERCE 8
MARKETING STRATEGIES 9
INNOVATIVE PRODUCTS 10
CONCLUSION 13
REFERENCES: 15
INTRODUCTION
JP Morgan Chase & Company is one of the United States leading banks and a leading global
financial services firm. Its origins can be traced back to 1799 when the company was first chartered
under its predecessor known as Bank of the Manhattan Company. J. P. Morgan along with Anthony
Drexel formed a private merchant banking partnership called Drexel and Morgan & Co., which later
was renamed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The financial giant has implemented a customer focused business strategy that is aimed at listening
to customers to anticipate their needs in order to provide high–quality service, while managing
simultaneously managing internal growth. This strategy execution is evident as JP Morgan Chase
utilizes their size and strength to provide resources, exceptional banking products, and the authority
need for decision–making in the field at both the global and local

Bank Of America Research Paper
Bank of America (BofA) is a multinational banking and financial services corporation, ranked 2nd
on the list of the largest banks in the US and operates in more than 40 different countries. The bank
has over 46 million consumers around the world, with 4600 banking centers and 15,900 automated
teller machines. Bank of America Corporation has 8 different lines of business all with the same
purpose of helping individuals navigate their financial lives and working with companies both large
and small to drive the economy forward. The lines of business include retail, preferred and small
business, Merrill Lynch Wealth Management, U.S Trust, Business Banking, Global Commercial
Banking, Global Corporate & Investment Banking and Global Markets. Clearly ... Show more
It has a strong brand name and has a great financial position globally, since they are active in so
many countries. It is also a leader in global wealth management and has a diversified portfolio that
provides many different services. Some of their weaknesses is that majority of their income is from
their home market of USA and holds a much smaller market share outside of the states. This has set
up an opportunity for BofA to tap into foreign markets and try to increase business there, which they
can do but trying to merge or acquisition some major banks in other parts of the world. BofA has
also put a large emphasis on the strategy of simplify and improve and with that in mind have many
opportunities to work towards that goal. Some threats to BofA is having anther financial crisis or
recession which can greatly harm the business. Over the past couple of year, BofA's main
competitive have been growing their market share and are starting to threaten BofA's own

Learning Organization & Knowledge Management
Content:
1– Introduction
2– Definitions
3– Review of the learning Organization
4– Review of the Knowledge Management
1– Introduction
Learning organizations are not simply the most fashionable or current management trend, they can
provide work environments that are open to creative thought, and embrace the concept that solutions
to ongoing work–related problems are available inside each and every one of us. All we must do is
tap into the knowledge base, which gives us the "ability to think critically and creatively, the ability
to communicate ideas and concepts, and the ability to cooperate with other human beings in the
process of inquiry and action (Navran Associates Newsletter 1993). A learning ... Show more
Many large companies have resources dedicated to Knowledge Management, often as a part of
'Information Technology ' or 'Human Resource Management ' departments. Knowledge
Management is a multi–billion dollar world wide market. Lew Platt, ex CEO Hewlett Packard "If
only HP knew what it knows it would make three times more profit tomorrow". Sir John Steely
Browne, BP, Harvard Business Review, 1997 "Most activities or tasks are not one–time events.
Whether it's drilling a well or conducting a transaction at a service station, we do the same things
repeatedly. Our philosophy is fairly simple: every time we do something again, we should do it
better than the last time. GlaxoSmithKline "The capabilities by which communities within an
organization capture the knowledge that is critical to them, constantly improve it and make it
available in the most effective manner to those who need it, so that they can exploit it creatively to
add value as a normal part of their work.
3– Review of the Learning Organization
Peter Senge, the Fifth Discipline "Strategies and Tools for Building a Learning Organization"
In short : the Learning organization LO – an organization that is uses a management philosophy

based on knowledge and understanding (not fear) for the Complexity of the real world. Understands
that all the elements within the organization are connected and hence

Financial Structure and International Debt Essay
Chapter 14
Financial Structure and International Debt
( Questions
1. Objective. What, in simple wording, is the objective sought by finding an optimal capital
structure? When taxes and bankruptcy costs are considered, a firm has an optimal financial structure
determined by that particular mix of debt and equity that minimizes the firm's cost of capital for a
given level of business risk. If the business risk of new projects differs from the risk of existing
projects, the optimal mix of debt and equity would change to recognize trade–offs between business
and financial risks.
2. Varying Debt Proportions. As debt in a firm's capital structure is increased from no debt to a
significant proportion of debt (say, 60%), ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Returns are not perfectly correlated between countries.
In contrast, a domestic German firm would not enjoy the benefit of cash flow international
diversification but would have to rely entirely on its own net cash inflow from domestic operations.
Perceived financial risk for the German firm would be greater than for a multinational firm because
the variability of its German domestic cash flows could not be offset by positive cash flows
elsewhere in the world.
5. Ex–Post Cost of Borrowing. Exhibit 14.2 in the text shows that Deutsche Bank borrowed funds at
a nominal cost of 9.59% per annum, but at a later date that debt was selling to yield 7.24%. Near the
other extreme, the Kingdom of Thailand borrowed funds at a nominal cost of 8.70% but after the
fact found the debt was sold in the market at a yield of 11.87%. What caused the changes, in this
case in opposite directions, and what might management do to benefit (as Deutsche Bank did) rather
than suffer (as the Kingdom of Thailand did)?
Changes in foreign exchange rates caused the ex–post cost of borrowing to increase or decrease
from what was originally expected. Management can only guess at future foreign exchange risk.
Therefore, they could either borrow only in their functional currency or diversify by currency their
sources of borrowing.
6. Local Norms.

The Best Mutual Fund Software For Investors
The best mutual fund software for investors
Mutual Fund Tutorial
Types Of Mutual Funds
Asset Allocation Funds
Balanced Funds
Closed–End Funds
Convertible Bond Funds
Corporate Bond Funds
High–Quality Corporate Bond Funds
High–Yield Corporate Bond Funds
Currency Funds
Communications Funds
Diversified Emerging Markets
Equity Funds
Europe Stock Funds
Equity Income Funds
Pacific Stock Funds
World Stock Funds
Financial Funds
Fund Of Funds
Government Bond Funds
Treasury Government Bond Funds
Growth Funds
Aggressive Growth Funds
Hedge Funds
Income Funds
Index Funds
Municipal Bond Funds
Option Income Funds
Real–Estate Funds
Sector Funds
Small Company

Total–Return Funds
Asset Allocation Funds
Asset allocation refers to the division of your ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Convertible Bond Funds invest in bonds that can be converted into preferred or common stock. The
benefit is that if an issuing company performs well after the issuance of the convertibles, the fund
will be able to gain by converting the bonds into the now–more–valuable stock.
Advantages to Issuing Companies
Lower interest rate on its debt – The fund is, in effect, substituting the certain stream on interest
payments for the uncertainty of the growth prospects for the uncertainty of the growth prospects of
company that issues the bonds.
They represent potential common stock – This future common stock feature may be desirable for a
firm that currently needs equity capital for an investment but does not want to issue common stock
immediately because of the potential dilution before the investment begins generating earnings.
Advantages to Investors
They provide the upside potential of common stock and the downside protection of a bond – The
upside potential occurs because convertible bonds contain an option to buy stock by simply
surrendering the bond. If the stock price increases, the convertible bonds gain in value due to the
increase in value of the stock into which it can be converted. The downside protection occurs
because, irrespective of what happens to the stock, the price fo the bond will not decline below what
it would be worth as a straight bond.
Corporate Bond Funds
A portfolio that holds investment–grade corporate

Essay On Chase-Chemical Mergers
Table of Contents Rationale of the Merger 2 Overview of the Banks History 2 Analysis of the
Banking Market 2 Motives behind Merger and Acquisition Transactions 2 Rationale behind the
Chase–Chemical Merger 4 Relative Merits of a Merger and an Acquisition 5 Present Value of the
Gains from the Merger 6 Estimating the Exchange Ratio 8 Overview: 8 Problem Definition: 8 The
Expected Market Exchange Ratio: 8 The Acquiring Premium: 9 The Expected Value Added of the
Merger: 9 The Expected Value Added of the Focus Program: 10 Proposed Solution: 10 Ex–Post
Analysis: 11 Literature 12 List of Tables Table 1 Estimated Impact ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Diversification: since inefficiency in markets often exists, diversification through acquisition can be
achieved (in addition to diversification through securities). Eat or be eaten: especially in markets
with a lot of structural changes and diverging sizes of companies the question arises, whether one
wants to make an acquisition or be acquired. Nevertheless Shim and Siegel (2006; pp. 230) stated
that mergers have several disadvantages as well: Earnings per share: Should be greater or equal as
after the merger, which often is not the case. Market price per share: should be bigger or equal after
the merger, which often is not the case. The culture within the two companies can be totally
different, making integration difficult and costly. Need, in order to succeed, of a reduction of the
labor force, which potentially can cause reputational damage and lower employee morale for the
new company. Numerous econometric studies of bank scale and scope economies, efficiency and
mergers in U.S. banking have been conducted (Berger and Humphrey, 1994). Berger and Humphrey
(1994) stated that economies of scale, economies of scope and x–efficiency are generally able to
increase the efficiency of a company, whereby x–efficiency is much more important than scale and
scope economies. The academic studies have come to the result that economies of scales indeed
allow average costs to fall with increases in bank

Jp Morgan& Chase Annual Report
JPMorgan and Chase 2011 Financial Analysis Abbiton Mumba , Bomboma Douti, Thuy Doan,
Tracy Nguyen [Type the company address] General Information: JPMorgan Chase (NYSE: JPM) is
one of the oldest financial institutions in the United States with a history dating back over 200 years.
JPMorgan and Chase is basically included Chase– the U.S. consumer and commercial banking
businesses serve customers under the Chase brand. The consumer businesses include: Branch, ATM,
telephone and online banking, Credit cards, Small business, Home finance and home equity loans,
Auto finance, Education finance, Retirement & Investing, Retail Checking. The commercial
banking businesses include: Middle Market, Corporate Client Banking, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
That reason makes Growth in profit during the current year increased by 9.2458%. Common–size
Analysis: | Current Year | Previous Year | Revenue | 100% | 100% | Non–interest Expense | 64.70% |
59.59% | Interest Expense | 13.99% | 12.45% | Income Tax Expense | 7.99% | 7.29% | Income from
continuing operations | 27.51% | 24.21% | Net Income | 19.52% | 16.91% | In general chase's total
non–interest expenses in 2011 rose 5.11% higher than the total non–interest expense in 2010. The
net income in 2010 seems lower than 2011 due to less operating and investment activities in 2010.
Apart the item labeled other expenses and amortization of intangibles; all the other expenses were
slightly higher. The increase in non–interest expense was driven largely by higher compensation
expense reflecting headcount. The operating cost as part of the non–interest expense was definitely
higher compared to 2010.The higher headcount visibly explains this increase. The provision for
credit lost was 8.41% lower than the 2010 provision. This was due to the amelioration of collection
from customers. Consumer business modestly improved and mortgage net charge–offs and
delinquencies improved. It is probably included in the item "other expenses" which were lower than
2010 but 6.38% higher than 2009. Tax Burden: The total revenue in 2011 was 5.62% lower than the
revenue in 2011 but the bottom line was a lot higher

Why Should Big Banks Be Broken Up Or Not?
The global financial crisis of 2007–2008 has demonstrated the need to reform the banking system,
making it strong and stable. Regard this point, some economists think that big banks , which are
considered "too big to fail" are "too big to exist" so they should be broken up, than others argue that
smaller banks don't necessarily lead to a crisis–free banking system. Before analysing the reasons
why should big banks be broken up or not, I want to argue about what a big banks in general is and
the historical events that have led to them. Overall a banks is a kind of financial intermediaries
which offer combinations of investment firm, commercial banks and insurance brokerage. Mindful
of the last Global financial crisis, some big banks and insurance organization are considered "Too
Big to Fail" (TBTF). In 1993, after the Great Depression, was issued the Glass–Steagall Act to limit
the power of the banking system. The two key points of this act were the creation of the Federal
Deposit Insurance Corporation and the separation between commercial and investment banks . To
achieve this second goal, they prevented commercial Federal Reserve members banks from dealing
in non–governmental securities for costumers, investing in non–investment grade securities for
themselves, underwriting or distributing non–governmental securities and, finally, affiliating with
banks and companies that can do the actions listed. After 66 years, part of the Glass–Steagall Act
was repealed by the

The Occupy Wall Street Movement
Started on September 17, 2011, the Occupy Wall Street Movement began in the Financial District of
New York City and has received resonance in other American cities as well as to 82 other countries.
Concentrating on how the current economic system has affected peoples' lives, the movement raised
issues about the lack in democracy of the financial system, social and economic inequality, and the
connection between financial and political power. The income inequality between the rich and the
poor was reaching a concerning proportion, and the unequal wealth distribution is emitted in the
movement's slogan, "We are the 99%." Protestors believed that the movement would send the
message that the united, the people would succeed against the corporate power of Wall Street
(Bashir, 69) and create a revolution in the global financial structure (Brahm).
Occupy Wall Street is considered part of a larger protest movement against unequal financial
systems, which includes the Arab Spring, the 15M Spanish Movement, and other European social
movements. In May 2011, marches were initiated in a few Spanish cities to protest the Spanish
democratic system. The protest movement quickly spread to other European countries and
eventually reached North America, where Adbusters' Micah White and Kalle Lasn called for a
peaceful gathering on Wall Street. Consequently, a group of 200 people gathered in downtown
Manhattan and stayed overnight at Zucotti Park. They held signs such as "Tax Wall Street

The Twentieth Century American Banking System
First, an overview of the Twentieth Century American Banking System. Banking regulations are
implanted to strengthen the banking sector and to eliminate bank panics. For example, the creation
of the Federal Reserve System in 1913 was largely a response to lessons learned in the Panic of
1907. Industry regulation and structure, risk management viz. moral hazard, adverse selection.
The Creation of the Federal Reserve System in 1913 marked the beginning of the modern era of
Banking in America. From 1864 until 1913, American banking was dominated by a federally
regulated system of the national banks. They alone were allowed issue currency, and the currency
notes they issued were printed by the federal government with uniform size and design. How much
currency a national bank could issue depended on its capital. Although, this system was an
improvement on the earlier period, in which banks issued their own notes with uniformity and no
regulation, the national bank regime still suffered numerous bank failures and major financial crises.
The financial and banking crisis of the Twentieth Century in America caused major concerns. The
main problem afflicting the system was that the money supply was not sufficiently responsive
meaning it was difficult to shift currency around the country to respond quickly to local economic
changes. Rumors that a bank had insufficient currency to satisfy demand for withdrawals would
quickly lead to a bank run. A bank run then will, set a panic

World Trade Center Expansion
The World Trade Center stood to be built as a reflection of peace with a fierce ambition and
disciplined achievement on a massive scale. The statement of these buildings was to construct an
uplifting stamina of downtown Manhattan. Its purpose created both a negative and positive aspect in
its construction to help those in need of it, but it also caused some damage in its creation. Its
massive scale as buildings allowed the people of New York City to see it as a symbol of expansion
in that particular area of Downtown Manhattan from it reign being the peace towers to the
construction of the Freedom tower. The reasons as to why the Twin Towers was an expansion for
downtown Manhattan it allowed the extended invitation for international trade and ... Show more
While under Mr. Tobin administration he created the World Trade Center department. This
department would be responsible for development, planning, construction, and organization of the
World Trade Center. Mr. Tobin appointed Mr. F. Tozzoli for the job because of his hardworking and
educational background. Mr. Tozzoli was a man of action and a dreamer and conducted himself in
many project to oversee the success. He need to find a successful team to head out the project WTC
and he hired tough guy Malcolm Levy to direct the staff of different engineers and architects. Mr.
Tozzoli felt he found his team because he stated "If you were going to build the world's biggest
project, you have to have a tough team" (Gillespie 41). He went on to find a new architect for the
project after firing the architectural firm Skidmore, Owens, and Merrill. The Port Authority had
finally found Minoru Yamasaki from Settle to lead the program for the trade center. They gave him
free range on the construction and design but this was his first tall creation. Yamasaki has done some
project before but nothing on a massive scale like the World Trade Center. Yamasaki went through
dozens of draw ups and began creating models. First it was two buildings then a set of models one
tall building then another

Fargo Inc
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT CSEB3101 GROUP 1 WELLS FARGO CORPORATION
PRESENTED BY : AMANINA BT MOHAMMAD ASRI NORASYIDAH BT RAMLI
ZURHANIM BT AMER AZIDEN PRESENTED TO : DR. TEY LIAN SENG CEB 120002 CEB
120044 CEB 120070
INTRODUCTION
Wells Fargo is a stable and long term company providing financial products such as banking,
mortgages, credit cards, insurance, and investment services to consumers and business client. Wells
Fargo has been in business since 1852. Their first office opened in San Francisco during the gold
rush. The stage coach was used to transport gold and other valuables. Wells Fargo helped establish
the Great Overland Mail service continuing to use the stagecoach but also adding steam ship, rail
road, pony rider, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As of 2008 it was the third largest bank holding company in the US by assets.
Strategies
Enhance its position as a leading global bank for both institutions and individuals, by building on its
unique global network, deep emerging markets expertise, client relationships and product expertise.
Position Citi to seize the opportunities provided by current trends (globalization, digitization and
urbanization) for the benefit of clients Further its commitment to responsible finance Strengthen
Citi's performance–including gaining market share with clients, making Citi more efficient and
productive, and building upon its history of innovation
FIRM'S MAJOR STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES
STRENGTHS
Wide distribution network Wells Fargo doesn't just deal with one type of business or country. They
specialize in mortgage, retirement, banking, investments, and lines of credit in not just America, but
other countries as well. Different countries or locations around the world have different
characteristics. Those characteristics do not always match, therefore, a company can lower their risk
by investing in part of the world with low correlations. The lower the risk, the better. Diversified
earnings distribution across segments Diversified earnings create equal distribution of the wealth
earned by Wells Fargo, allowing for increased internal profit and income.
The biggest US home lender Well Fargo recently

Financial Analysis For A Publicly Traded Company
Table of Contents Introduction 1 JP Morgan and Chase 1 Business Background 1 Competitors 2
Current Affairs 3 Financial analysis 3 Profitability 3 Net Interest Margin 3 Price–To–Sales Ratios 4
The price–to–earnings ratio 4 Price Earnings Growth (PEG) Ratio 4 Liquidity 5 Leverage Ratio 5
Debt/Equity ratio 5 Return on Equity 6 Operating ratio 7 Return on Average Assets (ROAA) 7 Stock
Analysis 7 Dividend yield 8 Earing per share 8 Conclusion and Recommendation 9 Introduction The
aim of this report is to recommend whether or not a publicly traded company has been is worth
investing in. The company chosen in this case is JPMorgan & Chase which is a large financial
institution. This report is going to use a financial rational formed by the analysis of various financial
metrics. Financial statements for banks have uniquely different analytical problem than statements
for manufacturing, service and most companies in general. Therefore this analysis of JPMorgan and
Chase 's financial statements requires a different approach in order to recognize the banks worth as
an investment. Banks take deposits from savers and pay interest on these accounts. They receive
interest on loans when they pass these funds on to borrowers. The spread between the rate they pay
for funds and the rate they receive from borrowers is where their profits are derived from. This
practice of combining deposits from many sources which can be lent to many borrowers forms a
interchange of funds

Information Technology And The Banking Industry
Since the inception of Information Technology (IT), the business world has been transformed. In
many aspects of business, IT contributes remarkably in increasing effective usage of time, efforts
and financial costs. This article is going to outline some examples of IT efforts that run, grow, or
transform the businesses it serves, thorough increasingly important layers of business operation and
management. Those layers are finance, communication and systems. 1. Finance
Some decades ago, business financial activities were far different from they are now. Transactions
were made using cash or bank notes in person or sent via mails. It could take about a week for a
transaction to be completed due to the distance. Orders given to brokers on ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Currently, 10,500 financial institutions and corporations in 215 countries are connected to SWIFT.
Companies now are greatly benefited from SWIFT services for foreign trade to receive timely
payment.
Online banking is an important example of efforts that grow banking industry. In US, online banking
was introduced widely when four of the city 's major banks (Citibank, Chase Manhattan, Chemical
and Manufacturers Hanover) started to offer home banking services, using the videotex system.
"When the clicks–and–bricks euphoria hit in the late 1990s, many banks began to view Web–based
banking as a strategic imperative. The attraction of banks to online banking are fairly obvious:
diminished transaction costs, easier integration of services, interactive marketing capabilities, and
other benefits that boost customer lists and profit margins. Additionally, Web banking services allow
institutions to bundle more services into single packages, thereby luring customers and minimizing
overhead."
For stock market and stock brokers, the introduction of National Association of Securities Dealers
Automated Quotations (NASDAQ) in 1971, the world's first electronic stock market, made a huge
impact. The NASDAQ helped lower the spread (the difference between the bid price and the ask
price of the stock) and reduce significantly the delay between the initiation and execution of stock
orders. Moreover, NASDAQ has provided a basis for the development of online brokers, which
leads to a

The Legacy of JP Morgan Essay example
In 1871, the banking house of Drexel, Morgan & Co. was established by John Pierpont Morgan.
"Twenty four years later it was renamed J.P. Morgan & Co., which it was to remain until the firm's
purchase by Chase Manhattan in 2000. (Hughes 23) At this point, Chase Manhattan was the largest
banking company in the United States. This was a far cry from the 1980's when Morgan "boasted
the largest market capitalization of any American bank and was more expensive to buy than
Citicorp. (Hughes 11)" While J.P. Morgan could not imagine the path banking would take in the
U.S. with his passing in 1913; his banking house would have a strong hold on American banking for
much of the 20th century. The introduction of bank holding companies and certain laws ... Show
Thus, from an early age, Pierpont's life was scripted for a promising future in banking and business.
Although Pierpont did follow the path laid before him, this was not the case for the majority of those
born into the same circumstances. Pierpont's generation of wealthy heirs often chose the easy life by
simply living off the amassed fortunes of earlier generations. Others, such as the "robber barons,"
accumulated wealth not through inheritance, but by working from the bottom to the top during the
"Gilded Age" (Strouse, 129). Two men fitting a category of rags to riches, and of whom were also
connected to Pierpont through business, were Andrew Carnegie and Thomas Alva Edison.
In 1869, Junius Morgan became acquainted with Carnegie under the construction and financing of a
steel railroad bridge across the Mississippi River. The bridge finally opened in 1874 as the St. Louis
Bridge, but due to an ongoing mild depression in the economy, sparse rail traffic used the
"continental highway." The Morgan's did not waiver in their support for Carnegie, but instead
financed future bridges and rail systems as well. With a solid business relationship in tact, Pierpont
and Carnegie collaborated again in 1901 to form the world's largest corporation, U.S. Steel
(Chambers, 44). Originally called the Carnegie Company, Pierpont

Racism On Black Names And Job Hiring Practices Essay
Abstract Black and white individuals had similar names until the 1960s. By the 1970s, these names
changed dramatically amongst Black families. Today names are extremely important in the identity
of the individual. A person 's name has the influence in providing a strong socio–economic status
(Bound and Freeman 1992). The research study focuses on the patterns between aversive racism on
black names and job hiring practices. This study will use a field experimental research to determine
hiring rate of a resume with a distinctively black and distinctively white names. There will also us
qualitative method: in–depth interview to understand participants selected specific resumes over
others. The results will find that the subtle and indirect ways that aversive racism operates may play
a critical, but largely unrecognized role in hiring processes. The consequence of aversive racism in
hiring process remains largely unaddressed, and that patterns between a black name and
employment, is still prevalent in today's society. Aversive racism: Black names on Job Hiring
Practices Blacks and whites have different experiences throughout their lifespan. When it comes to
job hiring process, it is even harder for blacks because of their names. Previous studies have found
that black names are viewed negatively by others (Busse and Seraydarian, 1977). "There are large
disparities between Blacks and Whites in the United States on many indicators of social and
economic welfare including

Swot Analysis Of Morgan Chase & Co
JP Morgan Chase & Co. is currently United States' biggest bank, and the 6th biggest bank
internationally with over 2.4 trillion dollars in assets. This financial juggernaut was formed in 2000,
when Chase Manhattan Corporation and JP Morgan & Co merged. Currently, Chase is well known
for their credit card line in America, and is responsible for consumer banking, while JP Morgan is
well known internationally, and responsible for investment banking. Although JPMC is one of the
world's biggest banks, senior management at JPMC has continuously referred to the company as a
technology company. Technology plays an astronomically more important role in banking because
of convenience and security. JPMC currently has over 40,000 technologists, of which over 18,000
are software developers (Crowe). In comparison, Google, arguably the most renowned tech
company in the world, has around 60,000 employees. With such an enormous staff of technologists
and coders, JPMC, like any big tech corporation, must be concerned with employee production
efficiency. Over my past summer as an intern, I've noticed that there is one key area that JPMC
could improve on – keyboards. Every technologist at JPMC has their own area for their computer
setup, and unsurprisingly, most technologists spend a majority of their time in front of their
computer doing one task – typing. The keyboards provided by JPMC were basic plastic membrane
keyboards that did not support any added functionality. Even as an intern, I

Taking a Look at JP Morgan Chase
The earliest known predecessor known to JPMorgan Chase is in 1799 when it was chartered in New
York City. In 1784 Alexander Hamilton created the first National Bank. Then in 1799 Hamilton's
rival Aaron Burr a U.S senator and future vice president founded the Bank of Manhattan Co. Over
the years starting in 1991 many big companies started to merge together creating giant corporations.
In 1991 Manufacturers Hanover Corp. merged with Chemical Banking Corp. From then until 2000
many other companies were to merge and in 2000 J.P. Morgan & Co. Incorporated merged with The
Chase Manhattan Corp combining four of the largest and oldest money center banking institutions in
New York City.
JPMorgan Chase is one of the leading global financial services with operations in over 50 countries.
It serves millions of consumers and many of the worlds most prominent corporations and
institutions. JPMorgan's chase six major businesses are investment bank, Retail Financial Bank,
Card Services, Commercial Banking, Treasury and Security Services, and Asset manager.
Investment banking is what they offer their clients certain banking investment products and services
in all major capital markets(change). Retail Financial Banking is when Chase helps meet the
financial needs of consumers and businesses. Next, Card Services is what Chase offers their clients
credit cards, debit, etc(expand more). Commercial Banking is like what you see out in the real
world. JPMorgan Chase has branches to serve the

Essay about Giordano Marketing Analysis
MARKETING NEW YORK CITY
November 13, 2006
1.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT AND OBJECTIVES
Now that the newly formed New York City Marketing Development Corporation (NYC Marketing)
has been able to generate positive revenues by marketing New York City (NYC) as a brand, the
organization is concerned with how the funds can be best used to "do what is right" for the City. In
addition, several growth opportunities have been presented and management is faced with
determining how the firm should proceed to meet end objectives. The goals of NYC Marketing are
to:
• Generate alternative means of revenue for New York City;
• Support City agencies and important City initiatives; and • Promote New York City around the
world to grow jobs and tourism. By ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because the organization is private, annual financial reports are not available. However, a financial
summary was provided in the case and the most recent NYC Marketing progress report. According
to an audit report on the financial practices of NYC Marketing in April 2006, the organization was
able to start operations with a $1.2 million loan from the NYC Economic Development Corporation
(EDC). In the first year of operations from July 2003 to June 30, 2004, NYC Marketing realized
negative operating income due to operating expenses that were greater than operating revenue. This
negative revenue is to be expected for a non–profit in its first year of operations. In the second year
of operations from July 2004 to June 30, 2005, NYC Marketing realized positive operating income
with even greater projected operating income in 2006. Profit margins from 2003 to 2006 steadily
increased concurrent with decreased expense ratios. Because the organization is non–profit, positive
incomes are expected to be returned to the City. The financial audit from the City's comptroller
indicated that revenues (approximately $1.6 million) generated by NYC Marketing as of June 30,
2005, had yet to be paid to the City. In addition, the audit report charges that NYC Marketing did
not pay the City its full share of commission

Case Study : Manager And Assistant Branch Manager
Case Study Migration Project J.P. Morgan Chase Yaritza Tejada November 23, 2014 Monroe
College MG–201 Research Methods Interview–Branch Manager and Assistant Branch Manager
(names listed in references) Internet research (websites listed in references) The History of JP
Morgan Chase book Notes Case Study Migration Project J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. HISTORY Since
1799, J.P. Morgan Chase has been a leader in finance. It is one of the world's oldest, greatest and
known financial institutions. Built with hard work over 200 years, the company has been there for
their clients and communities in good and bad times. As a global financial services firm with
operations in more than 60 countries and more than 260,000 employees, JP Morgan Chase & Co.
combines two of the world's premier financial brands: J.P. Morgan and Chase. It was founded in
New York in 1871 by 34–year old J. Pierpont Morgan and banker Anthony J. Drexel. The firm is a
leader across an array of financial services, including investment banking, commercial banking,
credit cards, and financial transaction processing and asset management. J.P. Morgan & Co. serves
millions of consumers in the United States and millions of clients from consumers, to small
businesses, up to government clients. (De Villa, 2014) (The History of JPMorgan Chase, 2014) J.P.
Morgan & Co. is built on the foundation of more than 1,200 institutions that have come together
throughout the years to form today's company. Since 1799, in

Long Term Capital Management Of The Federal Reserve Bank
"It ain't what you don't know that gets you into trouble. It's what you know for sure that just ain't
so." – Mark Twain The company Long Term Capital Management was founded by geniuses. The
founder John Meriwether managed to attract two Nobel Prize Laureates, the original, most
profitable team on Wall Street, and the vice president of the Federal Reserve Bank. Boasting these
big names, the company attracted so many investors and banks all over the world. With a
magnificent start–up equity of $1.25 billion dollars and practically the safest investing strategies in
the world, LTCM saw over 40% annual profit in the first 4 years of the company with only 1 month
of losses. However, one day in 1998, it all came crashing down. Its failure was sudden, and fatal,
and threatened to bring down the whole world's financial markets. Long Term Capital Management
is financial company whose failure is an important lesson to later governments and funds. The
intervention of the Federal Reserve Bank is a precedent of its role bailout in the event of bankruptcy
of a fund. On September 23, 1998, a group of 14 banks and brokerage firms invested $3.5 billion in
LTCM to prevent its imminent collapse. Most of the major banks took part, including Federal
Reserve Bank, Bear Stearns, Salomon Smith Barney, J.P. Morgan, Chase Manhattan, Lehman
Brothers, Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanley, and Goldman Sachs. (Stephanie) When the financial
markets crisis that had started in Southeast Asia intensified in the

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