Valentina bartalesi 3 dicembre 2014 Seminario di Cultura Digitale, Università di Pisa

1. Valentina Bartalesi Lenzi
ISTI-CNR
Pisa, 3 dicembre 2014 1

2. • “Per
una
Enciclopedia Dantesca Digitale”
is
an
Italian
Na0onal
project
(PRIN,
2013-2016)
that
aims
at
building
a
digital
library
endowed
with
services
suppor0ng
scholars
in
crea0ng,
evolving
and
consul0ng
a
digital
encyclopaedia
of
Dante
Alighieri’s
works
• In
collabora0on
with
the
Dipar1mento
di
Filologia,
Le8eratura
e
Linguis1ca
of
the
University
of
Pisa

Data
set
of
Dante
works
along
with
their
commentaries
3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 2

3. Current
focus:
cita1ons
to
primary
sources
• Sta0s0cs
• Evolu0on
of
Dante’s
knowledge
of
primary
sources
• Impact
of
primary
sources
on
Dante’s
thought
3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 3

4. 1. Collec0ng
and
organizing
literary
texts
and
knowledge
about
them,
for
the
purposes
of:
• dissemina1ng
• producing
new
knowledge
3. Developing
an
ontology
for
represen0ng
the
knowledge
of
texts,
used
for
implemen0ng
the
following
func0ons:
• storing
• accessing
• processing
The
mean:
Seman1c
Web
technologies
3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 4

5. "The
Seman)c
Web
provides
a
common
framework
that
allows
data
to
be
shared
and
reused
across
applica)on,
enterprise,
and
community
boundaries"
(Tim-­‐
Berners
Lee,
2001)
Standard
URI
(Uniform
Resource
Iden0fiers)
E.g.
Eneide:
h>p://dbpedia.org/page/Aeneid
3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 5

6. • RDF
(Resource
Descrip1on
Framework),
standard
language
defined
by
W3C
for
the
knowledge
representa0on
RDF
triple:
asser0on
in
the
form
of
–
subject:
resource
–
predicate:
property
(of
the
resource)
–
object:
value
(of
property)
• Modello
RDF:
set
of
RDF
triples
an
RDF
model
is
a
graph!
3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 6
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Eneide
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Virgilio
dc:subject
http://purl.org/bncf/tid/21865/Epica_latina
dc:creator

7. The
Ontology
Web
Language
is
an
extension
of
RDF
that
allows
defining
a
major
number
of
axioms
and
rules
Axioms
-­‐
hasBrother(Federico,
Paolo)
-­‐
hasFather(Valen0na,
Livio)
Rules
-­‐
Symmetric
Property:
E.g.,
hasBrother
“Federico
hasBrother
Paolo”

“Paolo
hasBrother
Federico”
-­‐
Func0onal
Property:
E.g.
hasFather
“
Valen0na
hasFather
Livio”
AIM: to extract new knowledge from data
3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 7

8. • Linked
Open
Data
describes
a
method
of
publishing
structured
data
so
that
it
can
be
interlinked
and
become
more
useful
• Standard
Web
technologies,
such
as
HTTP,
RDF
and
URIs,
allow
to
share
informa0on
in
a
way
that
can
be
read
automa1cally
by
computers
• Data
from
different
sources
are
connected
and
queried
3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 8

9. An ontology is a formal framework for representing knowledge.This
framework names and defines the classes and relationships in a domain of
discourse using axioms
3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 9
John
Bill
Mary
knows
<foaf:Person>
<foaf:name>John</foaf:name>
<foaf:knows>
<foaf:Person>
<foaf:name>Susan</foaf:name>
</foaf:Person>
</foaf:knows>
</foaf:Person>

10. Data:
some
parts
of
Convivio
in
Excel
format
3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 10
…other
Dante’s
works
and
commentaries
are
in
WORD!

11. Informa0on
added
to
the
Excel
knowledge:
• En1re
text
of
the
note
• Kind
of
reference:
 Explicit
reference
«Sì
come
dice
lo
Filosofo
nel
principio
della
Prima
Filosofia»
 Strict
reference
SI
MANUCA:
il
pane
degli
angeli,
nella
tradizione
veterotestamentaria
è
la
manna
(cfr.
Ps.
77,
25
«Panem
angelorum
manducavit
homo»)
 Generic
reference
«Dante
affronta
il
tema
degli
ostacoli
che
allontanano
di
fa>o
gli
uomini
dal
filosofare
seguendo
uno
schema
presente
nei
commen)
agli
scriX
aristotelici»
3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 11

12. Tool
(in
Java)
to
transform
the
data
set
into
an
annotated
corpus,
using
a
text
processing
approach
1. number
of
the
book
of
the
text
fragment
to
which
the
note
refers
to
2. number
of
the
chapter
3. number
of
the
paragraph
4. the
text
fragment
to
which
the
note
applies
(e.g.,
“Sì
come
dice
lo
filosofo
nel
principio
della
Prima
Filosofia”)
5. the
en0re
text
of
the
note
3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 12

13. 1. author (e.g.Aristotle)
2. title (e.g. Metaphysics)
3. thematic area (e.g.Aristotelianism)
4. Fragment of the text of the note citing a primary source (e.g. «Queste sono
le parole con cui si apre la Metafisica di Aristotele»)
5. Kind of reference (explicit, strict or generic reference)
3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 13

14. Soggegario
Nazionale
conforms
to
the
standard
of
Federa0on
of
Library
Associa0ons
and
Ins0tu0ons
(IFLA)
E.g.
Scolas0ca,
Aristotelismo,
Bibbia,
Astronomia,
Epica
la0na,
Medicina,
Matema0ca,
Teologia
3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 14
h8p://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/
RDF format

15. • We extended the tool with a Java program (Jena library) to transform
the CSV file into RDF/XML file
3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 15

16. • We adopted the same approach to tranform from Word to RDF format
the content of the Dante’s works (text of the Convivio, Monarchia
etc.)
3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 16

17. …ontology
expressed
in
the
Seman1c
Web
languages:
• RDF,
OWL
…
following
the
Linked
Data
recommenda1ons:
• HTTP
URIs
for
deno0ng
resources
• a
descrip0on
for
every
resource
• links
to
(and
hopefully
from)
other
datasets
…
re-­‐using
popular
ontologies:
• CIDOC-­‐CRM,
FRBR,
FRBRoo,
Dublin
Core,
SKOS,
FOAF,
DoCO,
FaBiO,
CiTO,
The
Open
Annota0on
Core
Data
Model
3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 17

18. • To
maximize
interoperability
we
have
re-­‐used
exis1ng
ontologies
WHERE
POSSIBLE,
adding
our
own
classes
and
rela1onships
IF
NECESSARY
• CIDOC-­‐CRM,
FRBR,
FRBRoo,
SAWS,
DM2E
Model,
Dublin
Core,
SKOS,
FOAF,
DoCO,
FaBIO,
CiTO,
Annota0on
Ontology,
Open
Annota1on
Core
Data
Model,
NEPOMUK
• Model
popula1on
• Knowledge
base
in
RDF
stored
in
the
triple
store
Virtuoso
3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 18

19. 3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 19

20. 3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 20
• Currently,
we
are
transla0ng
our
ontology
from
RDF
to
OWL
in
order
to
add
axioms
that
allow
to
infer
new
knowledge

21. 3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 21

22. 3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 22

23. 3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 23

24. • Researchers
can
add
classes
and
rela1onships
to
our
ontology,
thereby
refining
it
• Our
ontology
can
be
linked
to
other
ontologies
to
extend
the
represented
domain
• Any
user
can
download
and
use
our
model
freely,
using
the
paradigm
of
Linked
Data
3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 24

25. • We
developed
a
web
applica1on
(Java,
JavaScript,
Ajax)
to
extract
and
display
the
knowledge
stored
in
our
seman0c
model
• We
used
the
SPARQL
query
language
to
extract
knowledge
• The
extracted
knowledge
is
represented
as
charts
(Highcharts
library)
and
tables,
as
well
as
in
CSV
format
3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 25

26. • At
the
moment,
the
applica0on
allows
the
user
to
see:

The
cited
primary
sources

The
cited
authors

The
cited
thema1c
areas
in
Dante’s
works
•
The
data
refer
to
the
following
Dante’s
works:

Convivio

Monarchia

De
vulgari
eloquen1a

Vita
Nova
3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 26

27. Commentaries
• Dante
Alighieri,
De
Vulgari
Eloquen1a,
a
cura
di
Mirko
Tavoni,
in
Giunta
C.,
Gorni
G.,
Tavoni
M.,
Opere.
Vol.
I:
Rime,
Vita
Nova,
De
vulgari
eloquen0a,
Milano,
Mondadori,
2011
• Dante
Alighieri,
Vita
Nova,
a
cura
di
Guglielmo
Gorni,
in
Giunta
C.,
Gorni
G.,
Tavoni
M.,
Opere.
Vol.
I:
Rime,
Vita
Nova,
De
vulgari
eloquen0a,
Milano,
Mondadori,
2011
• Dante
Alighieri,
Monarchia,
a
cura
di
Diego
Quaglioni,
in
AA.VV.
(a
cura
di),
Opere.
Vol.
II:
Convivio,
Monarchia,
Epistole,
Egloghe,
Milano,
Mondadori,
2014
• Dante
Alighieri,
Convivio,
a
cura
di
Giancarlo
Fioravan1,
in
AA.VV.
(a
cura
di),
Opere.
Vol.
II:
Convivio,
Monarchia,
Epistole,
Egloghe,
Milano,
Mondadori,
2014
3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 27

28. • Our
web
applica0on
is
compliant
with
the
W3C
guidelines
for
usability
and
accessibility
• Having
this
informa0on
available
in
digital
format
improves
and
makes
the
research
of
primary
sources
by
the
scholars
more
efficient
3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 28

29. • Current running application:
http://dante1.isti.cnr.it:8080/
perunaenciclopediadantescadigitale
3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 29

30. An
event
refers
to
an
ac1on
taking
place
at
a
certain
1me
at
a
specific
loca1on
3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 30
Current
informa0ve
services
offered
to
the
user
present
limita1ons
http://www.europeana.eu/portal/

31. …introducing
of
a
new
search
func1onality
for
DLs
that
does
not
return
just
a
list
of
objects
but
returns
a
narra1ve
3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 31

32. •
Aristotle
•
Russian
formalists
•
Computa1onal
narratology
studies
narra0ves
from
a
computa0onal
perspec0ve
and
develops
narratological
models

Ar0ficial
Intellingence
field
development
of
storytelling
systems
using
narra0ve
as
interac0ve
method
3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 32

33. • In our computational narratology perspective, a narrative is a semantic
representation telling a story
3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 33

34. 3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 34
Our
proposed
search
func0onality
for
DLs
will
use
Seman0c
Web
technologies
(RDF,
OWL
etc.)
to:
1.
Create
narra0ves
which
link
objects
by
means
of
events
that
use
a
computa0onal
narra0ve
approach
2.
Make
digital
curators
and
web
users
able
to
create
their
own
narra1ves
for
the
DL
objects
they
would
like
to
promote

35. 3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 35
We
analyzed
various
ontologies
for
represen0ng
events
on
the
Seman0c
Web.
E.g.
Event
Ontology,
CIDOC-­‐CRM,
Europeana
Data
Model,
Linking
Open
Descrip0ons
of
Events,
F-­‐Model,
ABC
ontology
The
events
that
the
ontologies
describe
include
both
historical
events
(births,
deaths,
wars…)
and
events
concerning
the
objects
collected
in
(deposit,
changes
of
ownership,
restora0on)

36. 3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 36
We
are
working
to
create
an
ontology
that
represents
the
knowledge
about
the
training
of
the
cultural
background
of
an
author
and
how
this
cultural
background
influences
their
works
1.
We
are
searching
for
a
standard
methodology,
if
exists,
used
by
scholars
to
describe
and
outline
the
cultural
background
of
an
author
2.
We
would
like
formalizing
this
methodology
into
an
ontology
using
the
Seman0c
Web
languages

37. 3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 37
•
Improve
the
usability
of
the
DLs

more
informa0ve
results
using
narra0ves
•
Digital
curators
or
web
users
can
create
their
own
narra1ves
•
Enrichment
of
the
DLs
by
digital
curators
or
web
users
who
can
create
narra0ves
adding
their
own
objects
to
the
DLs

38. 3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 38
•
Developing
an
ontology
(RDF,
OWL)
for
represen1ng
the
narra1ves
•
Extending
the
ontology
to
represent
literary
texts
knowledge
with
narra1ves
•
Enriching
the
current
web
applica0on
with
a
SW
allowing
users
to
create
narra1ves
•
Evalua1ng
the
usability
and
accessibility
of
our
web
applica0on

39. Interna1onal
Conferences
with
Peer
Review
• V.
Bartalesi,
C.
Meghini,
M.
Tavoni,
P.
Andriani,
E.
Locuratolo,
L.
Versien0:
"Towards
a
Seman1c
Network
of
Dante’s
Works
and
their
Contextual
Knowledge",
in
Proceeding
of
Digital
Humani0es
2014,
July
2014
• C.
Meghini,
V.
Bartalesi:
"Steps
towards
Enhancing
the
User
Experience
in
Accessing
Digital
Libraries",
in
Proceedings
of
HCI
Interna0onal
2014,
Springer,
LNCS,
vol.
8522,
pp.
555-­‐566,
June
2014
• V.
Bartalesi,
C.
Meghini,
E.
Locuratolo,
L.
Versien0:
“A
Preliminary
Study
on
the
Seman1c
Representa1on
of
the
Notes
to
Dante
Alighieri’s
Convivio”,
in
Proceedings
of
the
1st
Interna0onal
Workshop
on
Collabora0ve
Annota0ons
in
Shared
Environment:
metadata,
vocabularies
and
techniques
in
the
Digital
Humani0es
(DH-­‐
CASE
'13).
ACM,
New
York,
NY,
USA,
,
Ar0cle
4
,
7
pages,
September
2013
3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 39

40. 3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 40
•
Collabora0on
in
extending
the
tool
that
transforms
the
CSV
files
into
RDF/
XML
files
in
order
to
be
compliant
with
the
ontology
of
narra0ves
•
Collabora0on
to
the
development
of
the
SW
to
create
narra1ves
•
Collabora0on
in
developing
of
a
new
usable
and
accessible
Web
interface
•
Evalua0on
of
usability
and
accessibility
of
the
Web
Interface
(user
tests,
survey…)

41. Thank you
3 dicembre 2014 Valentina BARTALESI LENZI 41
valentina.bartalesi@isti.cnr.it