Solar Power Plant Design and PV Syst

SUNRATOR ENERGY
RESEARCH INSTITUTE
www.sunratorinstitute.com

The Outline
1. About Software
2. Check-List of required information from client
3. Geographical Details
4. Import Meteo data
5. System Design
6. Input Parameters
7. Simulation & Results
SUNRATOR TECHNOLOGIES LLP
A-314, Shivalik, New Delhi-110017
011-41605551

1. About the Software
• One of the oldest software, developed by university of Geneva.
• Main features.
 Meteorological data analysis.
 Complete database of PV Modules, Inverter and Meteo data.
 Import of solar radiation data from Meteonorm, NASA and
many others database.
 Create your self & Import PV Modules & Solar Inverter data
from Photon international.
 Shadow Analysis using 3D Models.
 Design simulation of grid connected, standalone.
 Export the data into XPS & convert into pdf.
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2. Checklist for the client
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Location Details
1. Coordinates: Latitude
and longitude
2. Address
Technical Details
1. Type of system
2. PV Module technology
3. Module Capacity
4. Inverter

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3. Geographical Details
• Check Location on Google
Earth
latitude (N or S) longitude (E or W)
• Azimuth Angle
(South reference = 0 ̊)

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4. Import Meteo Data
• Irradiation, temperature, wind speed data fetch from
various meteorological database
• Follow these steps
 Database
 Click on geographical site
 Go to new option
 Choose interactive map & enter location
 Get geographical coordinate section & verify details choose
meteodata source
 Click on import in Monthly meteo section, click on OK button &
save the file

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5. System Design
• The section provide you – Optimum tilt, Estimated Energy
Yield, PR & Details Losses.
• Choose Project Design Option from main menu.
• Select New project > Go to parameter & click on site &
meteo for importing meteo file.
• Select Country > Scroll Up-Down Choose Meteo file from
Site option which you created > OK, Project details will
display on Project Designation Section.
• Go to system Variant > Choose new variant, Save the file .

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6. Input Parameter
• Under this section we computing Orientation – Optimum tilt
of module for collecting maximum radiation, pitch to limit the
shading losses.
• System – project capacity or area, Selection the of PV Modules &
Make, Inverter Rating & Make, Series & no. of Strings Combination.
• Details losses – Thermal parameter, Ohmic Losses, Module quality-
LID-Mismatch, Soiling losses.

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Orientation
• Simulate optimum plane tilt w.r.t. yearly meteo yield &
pitch selection to limit shading losses.
• Follow the steps
 Calculating optimum plane tilt (Calculating for fixed tilt)
Default page look like i.e. Tilt 30 ̊, Azimuth 0 ̊
Select Fixed Tilted Plane in field type option > enter the latitude value &
Azimuth value in field parameter > Change the plane tilt value so that
Loss by respected to optimum should be 0% & correspond Global
radiation on collector plane should be Maximum.

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System
• What u have with ? Plant capacity or area , Module &
Inverter details.
• Follow the steps
 Enter the planned power or available area, the information provided by
the client.
 Select the PV Module > Sort the module base on power or Technology
> scroll down the button, Select the Manufacturing company from the
list & along with their Module type.

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Inverter Selection
 Pre decide the type of inverter i.e. string or central.
 Go to > Select the inverter make from the list > sort the inverter based
on Power or Voltage.
 Inverter should be sized in such a way that under loading & over
loading (DC to AC ratio) with in acceptable range.
 A message will appear on dialog box i.e. indicate if there is any error
during the selection of inverter.
 Go the design the array > check no of modules, modules in series &
module string.
 Click on OK > Proceed the next steps.

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Losses
Ohmic losses
Go to DC circuit: Ohmic losses for the array > Click on loss fraction at STC >
Enter the value in between 1.10% - 1.30% (these losses computed considering
ohmic losses of array to string combiner box / string monitoring box and string
combiner box to inverter DC input.)
These losses occur to due to resistance to DC wire in the Module string to string
combiner box / String monitoring box and string combiner box to inverter DC input.

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Losses
AC Ohmic Wiring losses
Go to AC circuit: Inverter to injection point > Click on loss fraction at STC >
Enter the value in between 0.50% - 0.80% (these losses occur at inverter
output to point of injection of energy into the grid (switch yard). The losses
include Ohmic losses in inverter output to LT panel , HT panel.)
Transmission line losses are not included on this because it depends upon
the point of injection / joint metering panel as per PPA & respective state
regulation.
The Voltage Drop should be below 2.1%.

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External Transformer
• Go to external transformer > iron loss > enter 0.10% or enter Fixed loss
of transformer if known.
• Resistive/ Inductive losses > enter 0.10%
• Iron loss : are fixed losses of transformer occur due to hyterersis and
eddy current loss in the core of transformer. Silicon is used to reduce
these losses.
• Ohmic/ Inductive loss: are variable losses due to resistance /
Inductance of copper winding and loading of the transformer.

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Module Quality Loss
Go to module quality loss section > Enter the value the according to
average deviation of the module tolerance power is positive +3% then
module quality loss shall be +3/2= 1.5%.

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LID Light Induced Degradation
Initial degradation of solar PV module occurs in the very first hours of
operation in the actual site. After certain period of time (3.4 months) the
power output of the module stabilizes on the certain level compare to STC
power.
Typically poly C-Si Module degrade @1.0%
Mono C-Si Module degrade @ 1.5%
Thin film Module degrade @ 2%

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Mismatch Loss
The mismatch loss is mainly due to the fact that in a string of module, the
lowest current drives the current of whole string. This is due to material
property of Silicon which is used for the PV module manufacturing. Now
when installing real modules in the field, the characteristics of the module
are never rigorously identic.
Power Loss at MPP
The difference between the effective operation conditions and the
maximum available power plant. Foe MPP use (grid inverter) the loss is
neglected in PV Syst. For fixed operating voltage, it can be quantified from
the output simulation result.
Go to mismatch Section > Enter the value (it typically happen at 1%) & loss
when running at fixed voltage not relevant when MPPT operation (it
typically limit to 1.1%)

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Soiling Loss
Accumulation of dirt and its effect on the system performance is an
uncertainty which strongly depends on the environment of the system,
raining conditions etc.
Considering the project location in Rajasthan where module are frequent
face the dust/dirt/sand the soiling loss so power loss can be up to 3% and
location like Karnataka/Uttarakhand the power loss can be up to 2%
because of less prone to dust & dirt environment.
This power loss can be reduce by increasing the frequency of module
cleaning.

7 - Simulation & Results
Simulation Execution
Go to simulation & result section > Click on simulation to perform
simulation of projects > Click on Simulation

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Simulation Execution
This simulation shall be perform with consideration of meteo value
(Hourly/Daily/Monthly)
Click on step by step section > click on continue > Click on OK and to get
the simulation result.

Simulation Result
This section show the following details
• Project title
• Site Location
• System type
• Project Capacity
• Selected Module/Make
• Inverter Make/ No of inverters
• Energy Generation result
 Energy Yield (For first year of Operation)
 Specific Yield (in kWh/kWp/year)
 Performance Ratio
• Details Report section
You can generated the whole result as in report analyze the simulation
result save the simulation studies.

MASTER DRAWING LIST
• SITE DETAILS
• REPORTS
• SLD (SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM)
• Array
• MODULE MOUNTING STRUCTURE
• MAIN CONTROL ROOM - ELECTRICAL
• MAIN CONTROL ROOM - CIVIL/ STRUCTURE
• INVERTER STATION - ELECTRICAL
• INVERTER STATION - CIVIL/ STRUCTURE
• CALCULATIONS
• EXTERNAL -ELECTRICAL/FA/CCTV
• EXTERNAL -CIVIL

SITE DETAILS
• Site Contour Layout
• Soil Test Report
REPORTS
• Shadow Analysis Report
• PV Syst Report

SLD (SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM)
• AC Single line diagram
• Aux. single Line diagram
• DC single Line diagram
• PLC architecture schematic
Array
• Array layout
• HT cable routing layout
• DC cable routing layout
• PLC cable routing layout
• Lightning Protection layout
• PV Array earthing layout
• External Lighting layout
• Foundation details for light pole drawing

MODULE MOUNTING STRUCTURE
• GA of Module Mounting Structure
• Foundation drawing for Module Mounting Structure
• Array
• Foundation Design Calculations for Module Mounting Structure
• G.A drawing for SMB mounting structure

MAIN CONTROL ROOM – ELECTRICAL
• Main control Room Equipment Layout
• Main Control Room Cable Tray & Trench Layout
• Main Control Room Earthing Layout
• Main Control Room Lighting & Power Layout
MAIN CONTROL ROOM - CIVIL/ STRUCTURE
• Main Control Room- Architectural drawing
• Main Control Room- Foundation and Column Details
• Main Control Room- Beam Details
• Main Control Room- Roof Slab Details

INVERTER STATION - ELECTRICAL
• Inverter Station Equipment Layout
• Inverter Station Earthing Layout
• Inverter Station Lighting & Power Layout
INVERTER STATION - CIVIL/ STRUCTURE
• Inverter Station Architectural Details
• Inverter Station Foundation Details
• Inverter Station Plinth Beam Details
• Inverter Station Structural Details

CALCULATIONS
• AC Cable schedule
• DC cable schedule
• Control cable schedule
• MWS Sizing calculation
• Battery Charger sizing calculations
• Aux. transformer sizing
• HT Cable Calculation
• LT cable Calculation
• DC cable Calculation
• Earthing calculation
• LA Protection Calculation

EXTERNAL -ELECTRICAL/FA/CCTV
• Main Control room - Fire alarm layout
• Main Control room -CCTV layout
• Light fixture catalogue
• Data sheet / Catalogue for CCTV equipment
• Data sheet / Catalogue for Fire alarm system
EXTERNAL -CIVIL
• Main Gate Details
• Module Cleaning System Layout
• Transformer Yard Fence and Gate Details Drawing
• Foundation Drawing for Inverter Transformer
• Foundation Drawing for Auxiliary Transformer
• Civil Drawing For Road
• Precast boundary wall

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