10. TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION
• Efficiency increment /Enhancement
• Discipline/Quality
• Computer Aided Controls for Both above
(SmartGrid)
4/10/2015
11. EFFICIENCY ENHANCEMENT
• Intelligent Use of Electrical Equipments:-
Reduction in Energy Consumption
• Selection of Appliances/Equipments
• Green Buildings
4/10/2015
12. 12
OPPORTUNITIES OF SAVING
ENERGY SAVED IS ENERGY GENERATED
• ELECTRICITY BILLS
• MOTORS/ PUMPS
• ILLUMINATION SYSTEM
• REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
• DG SET
• COMPRESSORS/FURNACES/BOILERS
ETC
13. ELECTRICITY BILLS
• Maintain Good Power Factor -- Saves upto 2.5%
• Install max. demand controller to limit max
demand exceeding contract demand -- Defer
Penalty .
• Optimise sanctioned load during peak load
hours -- Reduce peak load charges.
13
14. ELECTRIC MOTOR & PUMPS
It is estimated, that during its working life a motor
consumes 100 times more energy than the cost of
motor.
• Consider a 15 Hp motor, running 15 Hrs /Day
• Year Consumption : 10Kw*15Hrs*365 = 54750 kWh
Running Cost (10 Years)= 54750*4*10=Rs 21.9 Lacs
Energy Cost =Rs 4/Unit(Comm)
Cost of normal motor = Rs 22,000/=
14
15. CASE STUDY OF USING HIGH EFFICIENCY MOTOR
Life : 10 years
Name plate rating at full load : 15 kW
Rated efficiency at full load (η) : 86%
Actual Power Consumption on full load : 15/0.86=17.4 kW
Efficiency after rewinding : 80%
Power Consumption now : 15/0.80=18.7 kW
Replacing the motor with high efficiency : 90%
Power consumption after replacement : 15/0.90=16.7 kW
Savings : 2KW
15
16. CASE STUDY OF USING HIGH EFFICIENCY MOTOR Cont.
A 15 Hp motor running on an average 15 hrs a
day
2Kw X 15 Hrs x 365 = 10950 kWh
Annual saving = Rs 43800 (Rs 4/kWh)
Cost of normal motor = Rs 22000
Payback = 6 months
16
23. EEEs at Rashtrapati Bhawan
Saving
Measure
Saving
(kWh/ year)
Saving (Rs)
(Lacs/Year)
Air
conditioning
5,54,266 35.3
Lighting 3,25,028 20.7
Pumping 54,140 3.45
Total 9,33,434 59.45
24. 4/10/2015
REFERIGERATION SYSTEM-Energy saving
• Use energy efficient AC’s (BEE star rated)
• Insulate all lines carrying refrigerant & coolant.
• Prevent Leakage of Refrigerant
• Pressure difference across the compressor is vital ,
Increase the suction pressure (if lower then normal)
and reduce the discharge pressure (if higher then
normal) of the compressor.
25. 4/10/2015
DG SET- INCREASING EFFICIENCY
• Install energy meter and a calibrate the diesel tank
• Load the DG set to at least 80% ,before starting
the next DG set
• Ensure radiator is clean and batteries are well
maintained.
• Improve ventilation , enough space in front of the
radiator.
• A poorly maintained injection pump increases fuel
consumption by 4gm/kWh.
• A faulty nozzle increases fuel consumption by
2gm/kWh.
• Blocked filters increase fuel consumption by
2gm/kwh
29. DISCIPLINED ELECTRIC SYSTEM
• Allow/use Authorise Connections only
• No over/under drawl by state utilities
• Due to disciplined drawl by SEBs,
Frequency band maintained between
50.2 -49.7
4/10/2015
46. Global Challenge- Congested Cities
Occupy less than 3%
of land
House 50% of
World’s population
Use 75% of available
resources
Account for 67% of
green house gas
emission
47. • Pressure on
infrastructure
• Increased demand for
mobility
• Pressure on Utility
Services
• Environmental
degradation
• Difficult governance
49. Pervasive sensor
networks throughout
city
Node connections through
low-cost communications
Real-time analysis
& control of city
systems
Integration of
isolated systems
and across cities
Measured
Networked
Smart
Managed
SaaS-based citizen
services, applications,
and management tools
Integrated
Smart Cities are enabled by
recent advances in key
technologies:
• Pervasive sensor networks
• Low-cost communications
• Software-as-a-Service
Technology Evolution to a Smart City
Source- Schneider-Smart Cities
50. 50
Smart Distribution
Advanced Metering Infrastructure
(AMI)
Outage Management System (OMS)
Peak Load Management (PLM)
Power Quality Management (PQM)
Energy Storage
Integration of Renewable energy
sources
Micro grid
Electric Vehicles (EVs)
Smart City
Smart Distribution
Smart Building & Home
Transportation
Water Management
e-Security
e-Medical
e-Public Services
e-Education
51. About 300 million people in India have
no access to electricity
Blackouts, Rostering – Traditional outage
management , Longer restoration time
Traditional biomass energy sources – namely
wood, agricultural waste and livestock dung
– for cooking and other domestic needs
because of Lack of Clean Energy
High AT&C losses & Lower revenue
realization leads to underinvestment in
distribution sector and unreliable
supply.
Generation loss of 84.69 billion units
(BUs) between April 2012 and January
2013 due to coal and gas shortages
As per CEA Report
Hydroelectric power projects have been
slowed down by ecological,
environmental and rehabilitation
controversies
52. Figures as per 18th Electric Power Survey
Industrial,
36%
Domestic,
26%
Agriculture,
19%
Commercial
, 11%
Others, 8%
135
200
283
400
542
2012-13 2016-17 2021-22 2026-27 2031-32
Load (GW)
Load (GW)
53. Higher Industrial growth
Residential consumption
growing at 14% over past
10 years
Realization of demand
suppressed due to load
shedding
Rapid Urbanization
31% in 2011;
40% by 2030
55. 135453 135561
123294 126964
12159 8597
Year 12-13 Year 13-14
(Apr-Aug)
Peak Demand in MW Peak Met in MW
Deficit in MW 9.00
6.30
Year 12-13 Year 13-14
(Apr-Aug)
Deficit in %
56. WIND ENERGY
Present Installed Capacity: 20 GW
Capacity by 2030: 164 GW
Proliferation of EVs
Reva, E2O, YO bikes, Ampere Bikes etc.
SOLAR ENERGY
Present Installed Capacity: 2 GW
Capacity by 2030: 35 GW
Consumer Empowerment
Smart Appliances, Home Energy Mgmnt.
57. Transparency between Consumer and Utility
Consumption pattern & Price Information
Outage Information and Resolution
Increased Consumer Engagement
Regularisation of unauthorised
connection/Simplify process
Road shows/Voluntary disclosures
Judiciary powers to authorities
58. Awareness
Smart Grid benefits to Consumers
Smartness at each step
Distributed generation / Microgrid
Automation for distribution elements
Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)
Home Energy Management Solutions
61. Old Grid Smart Grid (Where we want to be)
One-way , communications Two-way communications
Centralized generation – Distributed
generation hard to integrate
Distributed generation friendly
Mostly Radial Mostly Meshed and Grid
Sensors by exception Sensors throughout
Operate equipment to failure
Self-monitoring and diagnostics- longer
equipment life
Manual restoration Automatic restoration self-healing
Prone to blackouts
More resilient to disturbances Adaptive
protection and islanding
Manual & fixed islands Adaptive islanding
Check equipment locally Monitor equipment remotely
Limited power flow control More controlled power flow
Unavailable or at best delayed price
information to customer
Real-time pricing
63. Benefits of Smart Grid
Reduced AT&C Losses
Reduced operation and Maintenance cost
Enhanced Reliability & Quality
Higher customer satisfaction
Deferred capital expenditure
Better and enhanced Consumer Services
Improved Environment
64. 64
Smart Distribution
Advanced Metering Infrastructure
(AMI)
Outage Management System
(OMS)
Peak Load Management (PLM)
Power Quality Management (PQM)
Energy Storage
Integration of Renewable energy
sources
Micro grid
Electric Vehicles (EVs)
65. Communications Network
IT Systems
Work Center
MDASMDMS
Customer
• Demand Response
• Incentive/Disincentive by
TOU tariff
• Signaling for load control
• Load curtailment beyond
sanctioned limit
• Tamper Detection
• Network Problem
identification
• Reduced AT&C losses
• Energy Audit
• Billing Efficiency
Portal
66. Customer
Operations
Grid Operations Work & Asset
Management
Conventional
Meters
Bimonthly reading
Only kWh & MD
Billing none none
Smart
Meters
15 minute reading
kWh, MD, kVA, I, V, pf, etc
Billing
Information
delivery (w.r.t.
tariff, outage,
etc.)
Load
Management
(partial load
shedding for
overloaded DT)
Outage
management
Repair &
maintenance
of assets
Tamper / theft
detection
Load control
67. Smart
Meters
Input to Outage
Management System
Continuous Energy Audit
Load / Device Control
Σ
Distribution
Transformer
Consumers
Consumer Engagement
via In Home Display
68. • Meter Data Acquisition System (MDAS)
– Provides Tools for Energy / System Management and
Reporting
– Retrieves 15 Minute Interval Data (Electrical and
Mechanical)
– Management of Alarms, Outages, Unusual demand, Meter
Failures, etc
– Information Available at Your Desk Top
• Network Communication
– Two Way Communication Via a Wired and/or Wireless
Ethernet (RF / PLC / GPRS / Optical Fibre)
69. • Energy and Utility Monitoring
• Reporting
• Historical Analysis
• Trend Analysis
• Power Quality Analysis
• Alarming and Events
• Data and Event Logging
• Manual and Automated Control
• Interoperability (SCADA, DDC, BAS)
• Stores Collected Data
• Equipment Status Monitoring and Control
• Output Data Reports
70. The objective of PLM is to achieve balance between
supply and demand
Energy requirement/consumption at the demand side
is controlled by means of partial load curtailment.
Peak Load Management works in two ways:
Demand Response
Demand Side Management
71.
72. • The objective of Outage Management
System is to improve availability and
reliability of power supply and hence
increase customer satisfaction
• It involves proactive maintenance
based on Condition Based Monitoring
• There is Automated Switching of load
in case of fault
73. O/H FPI RMU Load breaking
switches
Distribution
Communication System
FRTUCommunication
Gateway
CT
SCADA
AMI
GIS
Maintenance
Crew
CIS
DTMU
IVR
RTU
74. There are two key factors which affect power quality – Harmonics
and Voltage deviation. Power Quality Management software
measures Harmonics & Voltage quality of the system and
controls Active Harmonic Filter, Var Compensator, Surge
suppressors etc. to maintain the standards. Key benefits of PQM
are:
• Reduction in Technical Losses
• Increase in Life of the equipment
• Optimal utilization of the infrastructure
• Improvement in Power Quality
75. Distributed Energy Resource (DER) systems are small-scale
power generation technologies used to provide an alternative to
or an enhancement of the traditional electric power system.
• Improved environmental impact
• Reduce dependency on the Grid
• Increased reliability
76. Batteries
Flywheels
Compressed Air
Molten Salt
Pumped Hydro
Thermal/Ice
Broadly categorized into Electro-chemical, Electro-mechanical & Electro-thermal
technologies
77. • Battery Electric Vehicles
• Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
EV & PHEV work as a Electric storage medium
and proper integration may bring potential of
Vehicle to Grid concept.
Charging infrastructure / Battery Change
System may catalyse growth.
78. With Phasor technology and Phasor Measurements Units
(PMU), we have:
–Power System measured states (Voltage & Angle) and not
estimates
–Dynamic system conditions via High Resolution Data (25 – 50
samples/sec)
–Ability to compare regions due to Time Synchronized data
Technology provides high resolution, time synchronized data,
useful for calculation and monitoring, e.g.:
–% damping (inter-area and local area oscillations)
–Measured sensitivities, such as V/P, /P
–Angle Difference
–Transmission capability
78
84. PUDUCHERRY SMART GRID PILOT PROJECT
Coverage : Town Area of
Puducherry
800 Smart Meters of 10 different makes using
different communication technologies installed
Implementation in Collaboration with 56
Organizations
Holistic
implementation at
one place
Evolution of replicable and scalable
commercial model along with
knowledge sharing and capacity
building
Functionalities being Implemented: AMI,
PLM, OMS, Renewable Energy integration,
Microgrid
Integration of emerging technologies in communication,
control & automation, intelligent devices, renewable
integration, energy storage
Energy Audit enabled
for DT
85. Indigenization of Technology
Knowledge Sharing and Capacity Building
Proof of Concept in Indian Conditions
Develop a Scalable and Replicable Model
Demonstration of Benefits to Stakeholders
Groundwork for Policy Advocacy, Regulations, Standards etc.
Evolve a Commercial Mechanism
86. • Advanced Metering Infrastructure
(AMI)
– On demand reading
– Obtaining Load profile data
– Obtaining TOD data
– Giving Connect / Disconnect
command
– Load restriction
– Monitor Power Quality Information
– Monitor Outage data
– Managing Network through Meter
Data
– Prepayment Functionality
– Remote configuration
– Tamper monitoring
– Service order generation
– AMI performance monitoring
Outage Management System (OMS)
– Fault Passage Indicator (FPI)
– Current & Status of Fault in Phases
– Distribution Transformer Monitoring
Unit (DTMU)
– Outage Data
– Average Loading
– Total Harmonic Distortion
– Temperature of oil, enclosure & the
phase windings
• Demand Response (DR)
– Customer side
– Utility side
• Street Light Automation
89. POWERGRID | Smart Grid
Country wide WAMS
Implementation of pan India Wide Area
Measurement System (WAMS) for better
transmission grid management
Smart Grid Pilot – Puducherry
AMI, OMS, Demand Response –
implemented. Project being scaled up.
Smart City implementation
Dholera under Delhi Mumbai Industrial
Corridor
SCADA & DMS
Implemented SCADA & DMS in various
towns
Home Energy Management & Microgrid
Products for Home Energy Management
&Controller for Microgrid
ISGTF PIlots
DPR prepared: Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh,
Tripura, Uttar Haryana, Puducherry
Providing Consultancy
New Opportunities in
Exploring new opportunities in energy
storage project & Offshore wind power
tapping
In House Initiatives
50 kWp rooftop solar PV installation at
POWERGRID premises in Manesar
90. ISGTF Pilot Projects
• India Smart Grid Task Force (ISGTF) under the aegis of Ministry
of Power has approved 14 pilot projects for Smart Grid
implementation across the country
• POWERGRID providing consultancy to 9 of the pilot projects
Rajasthan
Chhattisgarh
Tripura
Uttar Haryana
Puducherry
Karnataka
West Bengal
Punjab
Himachal Pradesh