This document discusses improving electrical power management through increasing efficiency and implementing smart grid technologies. It covers topics like enhancing efficiency through intelligent use of equipment and green buildings. Smart grid implementations like advanced metering infrastructure, outage management systems, and demand response are described. Integrating distributed energy resources and electric vehicles into the grid is also discussed. The benefits of smart grids include reduced losses, improved reliability, lower costs and a better customer experience.

3. EFFICIENCT MANAGEMENT
OF
ELECTRICAL POWER
K. R. SURI
General Manager(O&M)Retd,
POWERGRID, NR-II, Jammu

4. .
4/10/2015

5. MODERN TRENDS IN ENERGY EFFICIENCY
4/10/2015

6. 4/10/2015
Energy systems worldwide are changing…
There is nothing
permanent except change

7. PROBLEM

8. SOLUTIONSOLUTION

10. TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION
• Efficiency increment /Enhancement
• Discipline/Quality
• Computer Aided Controls for Both above
(SmartGrid)
4/10/2015

11. EFFICIENCY ENHANCEMENT
• Intelligent Use of Electrical Equipments:-
Reduction in Energy Consumption
• Selection of Appliances/Equipments
• Green Buildings
4/10/2015

12. 12
OPPORTUNITIES OF SAVING
ENERGY SAVED IS ENERGY GENERATED
• ELECTRICITY BILLS
• MOTORS/ PUMPS
• ILLUMINATION SYSTEM
• REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
• DG SET
• COMPRESSORS/FURNACES/BOILERS
ETC

13. ELECTRICITY BILLS
• Maintain Good Power Factor -- Saves upto 2.5%
• Install max. demand controller to limit max
demand exceeding contract demand -- Defer
Penalty .
• Optimise sanctioned load during peak load
hours -- Reduce peak load charges.
13

14. ELECTRIC MOTOR & PUMPS
It is estimated, that during its working life a motor
consumes 100 times more energy than the cost of
motor.
• Consider a 15 Hp motor, running 15 Hrs /Day
• Year Consumption : 10Kw*15Hrs*365 = 54750 kWh
 Running Cost (10 Years)= 54750*4*10=Rs 21.9 Lacs
 Energy Cost =Rs 4/Unit(Comm)
 Cost of normal motor = Rs 22,000/=
14

15. CASE STUDY OF USING HIGH EFFICIENCY MOTOR
Life : 10 years
Name plate rating at full load : 15 kW
Rated efficiency at full load (η) : 86%
Actual Power Consumption on full load : 15/0.86=17.4 kW
Efficiency after rewinding : 80%
Power Consumption now : 15/0.80=18.7 kW
Replacing the motor with high efficiency : 90%
Power consumption after replacement : 15/0.90=16.7 kW
Savings : 2KW
15

16. CASE STUDY OF USING HIGH EFFICIENCY MOTOR Cont.
A 15 Hp motor running on an average 15 hrs a
day
 2Kw X 15 Hrs x 365 = 10950 kWh
 Annual saving = Rs 43800 (Rs 4/kWh)
 Cost of normal motor = Rs 22000
 Payback = 6 months
16

17. 4/10/2015
ILLUMINATION SYSTEM-
ENERGY SAVING

19. 4/10/2015
TYPE OF LAMPS BETTER OPTION
40 -100 Watt GLS 5 - 24 Watt CFL for shades/toilets
40 Watt T12 T/L 36WT8/ 28WT5 Watt T/L
250 Watt HPMV 150 Watt HPSV/Metal Halide
500 Watt Halogen 150 Watt HPSV
250 HPMV lamps 150W HPSV lamps in parking and
area illumination
GLS lamps CFL / Tung Halogen lamp for
beautification
indicating Lamps in
panels
LED
USE OF HIGH LUMINUOUS/LOW ENERGY
CONSUMPTION DEVICES

20. 4/10/2015
Light Output
Light Emitting
Diodes (LEDs)
Incandescent
Light Bulbs
Compact
Fluorescents (CFLs)
Lumens Watts Watts Watts
450 4-5 40 9-13
800 6-8 60 13-15
1,100 9-13 75 18-25
1,600 16-20 100 23-30
2,600 25-28 150 30-55
LUMENS OUTPUT / POWER CONSUMPTION
COMPARASION

21. 4/10/2015
Energy Efficiency
& Energy Costs
Light Emitting
Diodes (LEDs)
Incandescent
Light Bulbs
Compact
Fluorescents (CFLs)
LIFE SPAN (average)
50,000
hours
1,200 hours 8,000 hours
LUMENS = 800 6 - 8 watts 60 watts 13-15 watts
ENERGY CONS. /YEAR
(Daily 10 Hr)
25.5 KWH 219KWH 51 KWh
ANNUAL OP.
COST (Rs)
(Rs 2 Per Unit)
51.00 438.00 102.00
PER YEAR ENERGY COST COMPARASION

22. Energy Efficiency Improvements at
Rashtrapathi Bhawan

23. EEEs at Rashtrapati Bhawan
Saving
Measure
Saving
(kWh/ year)
Saving (Rs)
(Lacs/Year)
Air
conditioning
5,54,266 35.3
Lighting 3,25,028 20.7
Pumping 54,140 3.45
Total 9,33,434 59.45

24. 4/10/2015
REFERIGERATION SYSTEM-Energy saving
• Use energy efficient AC’s (BEE star rated)
• Insulate all lines carrying refrigerant & coolant.
• Prevent Leakage of Refrigerant
• Pressure difference across the compressor is vital ,
Increase the suction pressure (if lower then normal)
and reduce the discharge pressure (if higher then
normal) of the compressor.

25. 4/10/2015
DG SET- INCREASING EFFICIENCY
• Install energy meter and a calibrate the diesel tank
• Load the DG set to at least 80% ,before starting
the next DG set
• Ensure radiator is clean and batteries are well
maintained.
• Improve ventilation , enough space in front of the
radiator.
• A poorly maintained injection pump increases fuel
consumption by 4gm/kWh.
• A faulty nozzle increases fuel consumption by
2gm/kWh.
• Blocked filters increase fuel consumption by
2gm/kwh

27. ‘NO POWER’
IS COSTLIER THAN
‘NO POWER’
….. Dr. H. J. BHABHA

28. Quality
?

29. DISCIPLINED ELECTRIC SYSTEM
• Allow/use Authorise Connections only
• No over/under drawl by state utilities
• Due to disciplined drawl by SEBs,
Frequency band maintained between
50.2 -49.7
4/10/2015

33. GREEN BUILDING-
ENERGY EFFICIENT
BUILDING
4/10/2015

34. GREEN BUILDING--?
4/10/2015

35. 4/10/2015

36. 4/10/2015

37. 4/10/2015

38. ENERGY SAVING IN BUILDINGS
4/10/2015

40. 4/10/2015

43. 4/10/2015

44. Computer Aided Controls
• TDAMC-
Transmission/Distribution Asset
Management Control
• SMART GRID
–Issues/limitations
–Solutions/Benefits
4/10/2015

45. Smart Grid/City in Indian Context

46. Global Challenge- Congested Cities
Occupy less than 3%
of land
House 50% of
World’s population
Use 75% of available
resources
Account for 67% of
green house gas
emission

47. • Pressure on
infrastructure
• Increased demand for
mobility
• Pressure on Utility
Services
• Environmental
degradation
• Difficult governance

48. Greenfield
Cities
Rapidly Emerging
Cities
Grown
Cities
Mature
Cities
Get it right
the first time
Retain
competitiveness
Obtain funds
Relieve pain points
Meet
environmental targets
Regain
competitiveness
Source- Schneider-Smart Cities

49. Pervasive sensor
networks throughout
city
Node connections through
low-cost communications
Real-time analysis
& control of city
systems
Integration of
isolated systems
and across cities
Measured
Networked
Smart
Managed
SaaS-based citizen
services, applications,
and management tools
Integrated
Smart Cities are enabled by
recent advances in key
technologies:
• Pervasive sensor networks
• Low-cost communications
• Software-as-a-Service
Technology Evolution to a Smart City
Source- Schneider-Smart Cities

50. 50
Smart Distribution
Advanced Metering Infrastructure
(AMI)
Outage Management System (OMS)
Peak Load Management (PLM)
Power Quality Management (PQM)
Energy Storage
Integration of Renewable energy
sources
Micro grid
Electric Vehicles (EVs)
Smart City
Smart Distribution
Smart Building & Home
Transportation
Water Management
e-Security
e-Medical
e-Public Services
e-Education

51. About 300 million people in India have
no access to electricity
Blackouts, Rostering – Traditional outage
management , Longer restoration time
Traditional biomass energy sources – namely
wood, agricultural waste and livestock dung
– for cooking and other domestic needs
because of Lack of Clean Energy
High AT&C losses & Lower revenue
realization leads to underinvestment in
distribution sector and unreliable
supply.
Generation loss of 84.69 billion units
(BUs) between April 2012 and January
2013 due to coal and gas shortages
As per CEA Report
Hydroelectric power projects have been
slowed down by ecological,
environmental and rehabilitation
controversies

52. Figures as per 18th Electric Power Survey
Industrial,
36%
Domestic,
26%
Agriculture,
19%
Commercial
, 11%
Others, 8%
135
200
283
400
542
2012-13 2016-17 2021-22 2026-27 2031-32
Load (GW)
Load (GW)

53. Higher Industrial growth
Residential consumption
growing at 14% over past
10 years
Realization of demand
suppressed due to load
shedding
Rapid Urbanization
31% in 2011;
40% by 2030

54. 998114
430113
911209
408498
86905
21615
Year 12-13 Year 13-14
(April-Aug)
Energy Requirement in MU
Energy Availability in MU
Deficit in MU
8.7
5
Year 12-13 Year 13-14
(Apr-Aug)
Deficit in %

55. 135453 135561
123294 126964
12159 8597
Year 12-13 Year 13-14
(Apr-Aug)
Peak Demand in MW Peak Met in MW
Deficit in MW 9.00
6.30
Year 12-13 Year 13-14
(Apr-Aug)
Deficit in %

56. WIND ENERGY
Present Installed Capacity: 20 GW
Capacity by 2030: 164 GW
Proliferation of EVs
Reva, E2O, YO bikes, Ampere Bikes etc.
SOLAR ENERGY
Present Installed Capacity: 2 GW
Capacity by 2030: 35 GW
Consumer Empowerment
Smart Appliances, Home Energy Mgmnt.

57. Transparency between Consumer and Utility
 Consumption pattern & Price Information
 Outage Information and Resolution
 Increased Consumer Engagement
 Regularisation of unauthorised
connection/Simplify process
 Road shows/Voluntary disclosures
 Judiciary powers to authorities

58. Awareness
 Smart Grid benefits to Consumers
Smartness at each step
 Distributed generation / Microgrid
 Automation for distribution elements
 Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)
 Home Energy Management Solutions

60. Power
CommunicationIT
Smart
Grid

61. Old Grid Smart Grid (Where we want to be)
One-way , communications Two-way communications
Centralized generation – Distributed
generation hard to integrate
Distributed generation friendly
Mostly Radial Mostly Meshed and Grid
Sensors by exception Sensors throughout
Operate equipment to failure
Self-monitoring and diagnostics- longer
equipment life
Manual restoration Automatic restoration self-healing
Prone to blackouts
More resilient to disturbances Adaptive
protection and islanding
Manual & fixed islands Adaptive islanding
Check equipment locally Monitor equipment remotely
Limited power flow control More controlled power flow
Unavailable or at best delayed price
information to customer
Real-time pricing

62. Electrical Infrastructure
“Intelligence” Infrastructure

63. Benefits of Smart Grid
Reduced AT&C Losses
Reduced operation and Maintenance cost
Enhanced Reliability & Quality
Higher customer satisfaction
Deferred capital expenditure
Better and enhanced Consumer Services
Improved Environment

64. 64
Smart Distribution
Advanced Metering Infrastructure
(AMI)
Outage Management System
(OMS)
Peak Load Management (PLM)
Power Quality Management (PQM)
Energy Storage
Integration of Renewable energy
sources
Micro grid
Electric Vehicles (EVs)

65. Communications Network
IT Systems
Work Center
MDASMDMS
Customer
• Demand Response
• Incentive/Disincentive by
TOU tariff
• Signaling for load control
• Load curtailment beyond
sanctioned limit
• Tamper Detection
• Network Problem
identification
• Reduced AT&C losses
• Energy Audit
• Billing Efficiency
Portal

66. Customer
Operations
Grid Operations Work & Asset
Management
Conventional
Meters
Bimonthly reading
Only kWh & MD
Billing none none
Smart
Meters
15 minute reading
kWh, MD, kVA, I, V, pf, etc
Billing
Information
delivery (w.r.t.
tariff, outage,
etc.)
Load
Management
(partial load
shedding for
overloaded DT)
Outage
management
Repair &
maintenance
of assets
Tamper / theft
detection
Load control

67. Smart
Meters
Input to Outage
Management System
Continuous Energy Audit
Load / Device Control
Σ
Distribution
Transformer
Consumers
Consumer Engagement
via In Home Display

68. • Meter Data Acquisition System (MDAS)
– Provides Tools for Energy / System Management and
Reporting
– Retrieves 15 Minute Interval Data (Electrical and
Mechanical)
– Management of Alarms, Outages, Unusual demand, Meter
Failures, etc
– Information Available at Your Desk Top
• Network Communication
– Two Way Communication Via a Wired and/or Wireless
Ethernet (RF / PLC / GPRS / Optical Fibre)

69. • Energy and Utility Monitoring
• Reporting
• Historical Analysis
• Trend Analysis
• Power Quality Analysis
• Alarming and Events
• Data and Event Logging
• Manual and Automated Control
• Interoperability (SCADA, DDC, BAS)
• Stores Collected Data
• Equipment Status Monitoring and Control
• Output Data Reports

70.  The objective of PLM is to achieve balance between
supply and demand
 Energy requirement/consumption at the demand side
is controlled by means of partial load curtailment.
 Peak Load Management works in two ways:
 Demand Response
 Demand Side Management

72. • The objective of Outage Management
System is to improve availability and
reliability of power supply and hence
increase customer satisfaction
• It involves proactive maintenance
based on Condition Based Monitoring
• There is Automated Switching of load
in case of fault

73. O/H FPI RMU Load breaking
switches
Distribution
Communication System
FRTUCommunication
Gateway
CT
SCADA
AMI
GIS
Maintenance
Crew
CIS
DTMU
IVR
RTU

74. There are two key factors which affect power quality – Harmonics
and Voltage deviation. Power Quality Management software
measures Harmonics & Voltage quality of the system and
controls Active Harmonic Filter, Var Compensator, Surge
suppressors etc. to maintain the standards. Key benefits of PQM
are:
• Reduction in Technical Losses
• Increase in Life of the equipment
• Optimal utilization of the infrastructure
• Improvement in Power Quality

75. Distributed Energy Resource (DER) systems are small-scale
power generation technologies used to provide an alternative to
or an enhancement of the traditional electric power system.
• Improved environmental impact
• Reduce dependency on the Grid
• Increased reliability

76.  Batteries
 Flywheels
 Compressed Air
 Molten Salt
 Pumped Hydro
 Thermal/Ice
Broadly categorized into Electro-chemical, Electro-mechanical & Electro-thermal
technologies

77. • Battery Electric Vehicles
• Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
EV & PHEV work as a Electric storage medium
and proper integration may bring potential of
Vehicle to Grid concept.
Charging infrastructure / Battery Change
System may catalyse growth.

78.  With Phasor technology and Phasor Measurements Units
(PMU), we have:
–Power System measured states (Voltage & Angle) and not
estimates
–Dynamic system conditions via High Resolution Data (25 – 50
samples/sec)
–Ability to compare regions due to Time Synchronized data
 Technology provides high resolution, time synchronized data,
useful for calculation and monitoring, e.g.:
–% damping (inter-area and local area oscillations)
–Measured sensitivities, such as V/P, /P
–Angle Difference
–Transmission capability
78

79. 79

83. PUDUECHERRY
FIRST
SMART GRID/CITY

84. PUDUCHERRY SMART GRID PILOT PROJECT
Coverage : Town Area of
Puducherry
800 Smart Meters of 10 different makes using
different communication technologies installed
Implementation in Collaboration with 56
Organizations
Holistic
implementation at
one place
Evolution of replicable and scalable
commercial model along with
knowledge sharing and capacity
building
Functionalities being Implemented: AMI,
PLM, OMS, Renewable Energy integration,
Microgrid
Integration of emerging technologies in communication,
control & automation, intelligent devices, renewable
integration, energy storage
Energy Audit enabled
for DT

85. Indigenization of Technology
Knowledge Sharing and Capacity Building
Proof of Concept in Indian Conditions
Develop a Scalable and Replicable Model
Demonstration of Benefits to Stakeholders
Groundwork for Policy Advocacy, Regulations, Standards etc.
Evolve a Commercial Mechanism

86. • Advanced Metering Infrastructure
(AMI)
– On demand reading
– Obtaining Load profile data
– Obtaining TOD data
– Giving Connect / Disconnect
command
– Load restriction
– Monitor Power Quality Information
– Monitor Outage data
– Managing Network through Meter
Data
– Prepayment Functionality
– Remote configuration
– Tamper monitoring
– Service order generation
– AMI performance monitoring
Outage Management System (OMS)
– Fault Passage Indicator (FPI)
– Current & Status of Fault in Phases
– Distribution Transformer Monitoring
Unit (DTMU)
– Outage Data
– Average Loading
– Total Harmonic Distortion
– Temperature of oil, enclosure & the
phase windings
• Demand Response (DR)
– Customer side
– Utility side
• Street Light Automation

87. Distribution Transformer Monitoring
THD
Avg Daily
Loading
Temperature

88. Puducherry Site Installations
SMART METER
DTMU
DTMU
DTMU
STREET LIGHT PANEL

89. POWERGRID | Smart Grid
Country wide WAMS
Implementation of pan India Wide Area
Measurement System (WAMS) for better
transmission grid management
Smart Grid Pilot – Puducherry
AMI, OMS, Demand Response –
implemented. Project being scaled up.
Smart City implementation
Dholera under Delhi Mumbai Industrial
Corridor
SCADA & DMS
Implemented SCADA & DMS in various
towns
Home Energy Management & Microgrid
Products for Home Energy Management
&Controller for Microgrid
ISGTF PIlots
DPR prepared: Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh,
Tripura, Uttar Haryana, Puducherry
Providing Consultancy
New Opportunities in
Exploring new opportunities in energy
storage project & Offshore wind power
tapping
In House Initiatives
50 kWp rooftop solar PV installation at
POWERGRID premises in Manesar

90. ISGTF Pilot Projects
• India Smart Grid Task Force (ISGTF) under the aegis of Ministry
of Power has approved 14 pilot projects for Smart Grid
implementation across the country
• POWERGRID providing consultancy to 9 of the pilot projects
 Rajasthan
 Chhattisgarh
 Tripura
 Uttar Haryana
 Puducherry
 Karnataka
 West Bengal
 Punjab
 Himachal Pradesh