Natural selection leads to evolution of species over time. The document discusses how there is genetic variation between individuals of a species, like green and brown beetles. These variations lead to differential reproduction based on the environment, as green beetles are more likely to be eaten by birds than brown beetles. The traits that make individuals more fit to survive and reproduce, like being brown, will be passed on to offspring through heredity. Over generations, this process of variation, reproduction based on fitness, and heredity causes the more advantageous traits to become more common in the population through natural selection, potentially leading all individuals to express the trait.

1. Natural Selection: Survival and reproduction of the organisms that are genetically best adapted to the environment .

2. There is variation in traits. For example, some beetles are green and some are brown.

3. There is differential reproduction. Since the environment can’t support unlimited population growth, not all individuals get to reproduce to their full potential. In this example, green beetles tend to get eaten by birds and survive to reproduce less often than brown beetles do.

4. There is heredity. The surviving brown beetles have brown baby beetles because this trait has a genetic basis.

5. End result: The more advantageous trait, brown coloration, which allows the beetle to have more offspring, becomes more common in the population. If this process continues, eventually, all individuals in the population will be brown. If you have variation, differential reproduction, and heredity, you will have evolution by natural selection as an outcome. It is as simple as that.

6. Charles Darwin Studied medicine but wanted to be a priest He was passionate in natural history

7. Charles Darwin Went on a sailing trip to the Galapagos Islands Collected specimens from the different islands

8. Charles Darwin He noticed that the different species he collected were different from one island to the next

9. Lab Rules Cup has to be on the table at all times in the circle Only pick up one object at a time Only use one hand to pick up object Do not distract other “birds” It only counts if it is in the cup

10. “ Tree of Life”