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BIOLOGY SBA (LAB)
This document summarizes two biology lab reports by a student. The first lab involved classifying 10 organisms found around the student's school into their scientific kingdoms, phyla, and classes. The second lab investigated interdependence between organisms by constructing food chains and a food web of 10 organisms and their food sources. Key findings were that organisms can be classified into taxonomic groups and that living things rely on each other through predator-prey relationships and the transfer of energy up the food chain from producers to consumers.
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BIOLOGY SBA (LAB)
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- 2. Lab #1 Topic: Classification Aim:To classify organisms into groups Apparatus: Method: A list of 10 organisms in my school environment was made and observed. A table was constructed to show the organism and their visible characteristics. Another table was constructed to show the kingdom, phylum and class to which the organisms belong. Observation Organism Bird Visible Characteristics They are vertebrates with a pair of wings. They also have a beak Cat They are vertebrates that have sharp claws, a smooth coat of hair (fur) and panted teeth Earth Worm Has a long, ring-like segmental body, lives in the soil, has a clitellum Lizard Has a scaly skin, 2 pairs of legs Crab Has a hard exo-skeleton, has claws, four pairs of jointed legs, seen in wet places Plants Pine Has stems, roots and leaves, produces seed that grow inside cones Fern Has roots, stems and leaves, has spores on the
- 3. underside of theleaves, does not have flower Hibiscus Produces flowers, has root, stems and leaves Leaf of Life Does not produce flower, has roots, stems and leaves Mahogany Organism Has roots, Stems and leaves Kingdom Phylum Class 1 Bird Animalia Chordata Ares 2 Cat Animalia Chordata Mammalia 3 Earthworm Animalia Chordata 4 Lizard Animalia Chordata Reptilia 5 Crab Animalia Chordata Crustacea Plants 1 2 3 4 5 Pine Fern Hibiscus Leaf of Life Mahogany Plantae Plantae Plantae Plantae Plantae Conferophyta Filrunophyta Angiospermophyta Angiospermophyta Angiospermophyta Monocotyledon Monocotyledon Dicotyledon Dicotyledon Dicotyledon Discussion: An organism is any living thing. There are various organisms in our environment thus they are grouped by their similarities. Classification is the grouping of organisms according to how they are related to each other. Living things are grouped into species. Specie is a group of organisms with similar characteristics which can bread with each other, but not with organisms of different species. Species are grouped into genera. Each genus contains several species with similar characteristics.
- 4. Genera are thengrouped into a family, families into order, orders into classes, classes into phyla and phyla into kingdoms. Conclusion: It can be concluded that organisms can be classified into groups.
- 5. Lab #2 Topic: Interdependenceamo. organisms Aim: To investigate interdependence amo. organisms Apparatus: Note book, Ruler, Pen, Paper Method: A table was constructed to show ten (10) organisms seen around a school compound and their food source. From the information in the table, two food chains and one food web was constructed. On the food web the trophic levels and the name of each levels at which the organisms feed was given. Observation: Organism Food Source 1 Grasshopper Grass 2 Preying Mantis Grass Hopper 3 Caterpillar Leaf 4 Butterfly Nectar from Hibiscus 5 Lizard Grass Hopper, Preying Mantis 6 Hawk Lizard 7 Goat Grass 8 Fish Algae 9 Male Cricket Hibiscus 10 Grass Make their own food 11 Hibiscus Make their own food Food chains representing the above information
- 6. (1) Grass >Grasshopper > Preying Mantis > Lizard > Hawk (2) Hibiscus > Mole Cricket > Insect Food Web Trophic Level Hawk 5 Lizard 4 Preying Mantis Grasshopper 3 Goat Grass 1 – Primary Producers 2 – Primary Consumers 3 – Secondary Consumers 4 – Tertiary Consumers Mole Cricket Hibiscus Butterfly 2 1
- 7. Types of relationshipthat may exist among organism. 1. Predator / Prey 2. Exchange of gas (Co2 & O2) among plants and animals. 3. Mutualism Discussion: Green plants are called producers because they are the only one that trap sunlight used to make energy. This energy is the only source of energy for living organisms. Animals that feed on plants are called herbivores animals that feed on other animals are called carnivores and animals that feed on both plant and animals are called omnivores. A food chain shows the flow of energy from plants to animals and from animals to other animals. A food web shows the feeding relationship between all the organisms in the ecosystem. A trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies on the food chain. It indicates the number of organisms between the feeder and the sun. A trophic level doesn’t normally go beyond five (5) trophic levels because the energy is continually being used up from one organism to the next therefore there would be no energy left to be pass on. The most energy was concentrated in the producer or the 1st trophic level because this is where the energy has been first converted from the sun into energy as food. The least energy was concentrated at the 5 th trophic level because as the energy is being passed on it is being used up by other organisms therefore the energy level decreases. Conclusion: it can be concluded that there are relationships that exist among living organisms in the ecosystem and these relationships link them to help with their survival. For More Visit us @ http://www.schoolbasedassessment.com/biology/