Motte and Bailey Castles Evolution

Fort Mcallister Essay
Fort McAllister was a small earthen citadel positioned alongside Genesis Point and armed with
numerous heavy cannon to defend the Great Ogeechee River method south of Savannah, Georgia. It
turned into expanded again and again with the aid of adding more guns, traverses and bomb proofs.
Obstructions and sooner or later torpedoes (mines)finished the riverine defenses.
In July 1862 the blockade runner Nashville ran up the river to escape blockaders, and could remain
trapped. Learning that the Nashville become lying close to the castle, Adm. Du Pont ordered
Commander Charles Steedman to make a "reconnaissance in pressure" and to wreck the fortress if
possible. At this time the garrison changed into commanded by way of Capt. Alfred L. Hartridge ...
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On January 27, 1863 the display USS Montauk, three gunboats, and a mortar schooner again
engaged the citadel. Commander John L. Worden of the Montauk shelled the fort for 5 hours at quite
a number 1,500–1,800 yards, penetrating and tearing up the parapets, but inflicting no lasting
damage or casualties. Likewise, 13 hits scored by means of the fortress's artillery did little beside
denting the reveal's plate and sink a small release. The defenders in reality repaired the damaged
earthworks all through the night time
On February 1, Worden tried once more to silence the citadel. The earlier night Federal scouts had
removed several mines from the channel in order that the vessels may want to greater carefully
method. The Montauk spent any other 5 hours bombarding at only six hundred yards distance. The
garrison commander, Maj. John B. Gallie, became killed and 7 have been wounded. Major George
Wayne Anderson became placed in Command of the castle following the demise of Major Gallie.
The screen turned into struck via forty eight rounds and the turret jammed for a time. Following this
engagement, the river defenses could be augmented with the location of nine "Rains torpedoes"
inside the channel near where the Montauk had engaged the citadel.
Unable to run the Federal
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Fort Magic Essay For Kids
Running, jumping, leaping – these activities of summer occur in yards across the country when
temperatures heat up. Yet, the pull of more sedentary activities robs our kids of the joy and benefits
of running wildly through the grass. Physical activity and sport link to improved academic
performance, cognitive performance and brain health.
Summer brings the perfect time for parents to promote activity and boost creativity. Let's find
engaging ways to get our kids in the game with summer forts. Whether heart pumping action or a
moderate pace sets the scene, a Fort Magic kit inspires health and development.
Simple backyard games of soccer, football or wiffle ball entertain kids of all ages. Nothing better
than sport exists to get kids moving. Use the pieces of the Fort Magic kit to construct a soccer goal,
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Look up traditional Native American games for inspired learning of a culture. Native American
games intend to develop skills of agility, strength and stamina, particularly for boys. But boys and
girls alike join the action today. Ask children to identify the skill being learned as you play Think
also of target games and hunting skills for those interested. Running games plus skill and chance
games of the Native Americans delight children of all cultures.
Play is the work of children. And, backyard evidence proves kids love their work. Getting in the
game reaps more than benefits to their growing bodies and goes beyond simple fun. Exercise and
physical activity boost creativity. In fact, the effects of exercise may last up to two hours. And, brain
health improves as well.
These facts prove that summer forts and games do the body and mind good! And, the evidence
suggests these facts apply to adults as well as to children. So, all excuses aside, grab your Fort
Magic kit, your kids and an idea from this page or one of your own. It is time to get in the game
with summer

Motte And Bailey Castles In Europe During The Middle Ages
Motte and bailey castles have been built all over Europe during the Middle Ages, especially in
England, Wales, and Scotland. They were extremely popular for almost 200 years, and motte castles
continued to be built until the 13th century. They were very innovative during the Medieval time
period. Motte and bailey castles were hard work to construct and eventually evolved into
impressive, more advanced fortresses. The original motte and bailey castles were incredibly cheap to
construct. They were built from just earth and wood and didn't require any special design. A wooden
keep called a motte sat on an elevated bank of soil and overlooked the bailey, an enclosed courtyard.
Although some cases consisted of the motte sitting upon a hill, most of the time mottes were on a
man–made piece of earthwork. Men would pile up dirt and clay and flatten out the top to create a
stable surface for the motte. The keep was the building, originally made of wood, that sat upon the
motte. This is where the lord and his wife lived. It was surrounded by a protective wall, ... Show
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Concentric castles were made of stone and built primarily for protection and defense. The building
of these concentric designs began in the 1200s. The castles consisted of thick walls surrounding the
main castle, usually one large wall surrounding a smaller one. The walls were designed to create
obstacles for anyone trying to attack the castle. The hard, tall walls made it difficult for the attacker
to get at the castle and made it easier for the defenders to fire at them from above. Its symmetrical
shape also made it easier for lookout men to see across the surrounding countryside. The concentric
castles, as beneficial as they were, were also extremely expensive and time–consuming to build. As
opposed to motte and bailey castles, which only took a few weeks to build, concentric castles
required years of

Task 1 Defending A Castle Description
Task 1
Attacking a castle Description Defending a castle Description
Siege towers A mobile wooden structure, usually used as a cover for archers Strong walls The basis
of any castle, the walls must be strong enough to withstand heavy bombardment from siege weapons
Mangonel A standard type of torsion powered siege catapult for throwing boulders. Round towers
The optimal construction type of a tower with no weak points
Trebuchet A heavy siege machine for throwing boulders over and into defensive structures Moats A
wide trench around the outer walls of the castle usually filled with water to prevent enemy units
crossing
Siege ladder The big ladders leaned on fortifications to allow ground troops to get on Portcullis
Heavy metal gate usually dropped from above to prevent the advance of the attacking units
Battering rams Heavy logs, sometimes reinforced with a layer of metal, used to crash through the
gates and other defensive structures Barbican Passage The passage to the castle usually defended by
a few gates, and an awful lot of traps 
Mining Sometimes to weaken the defences the attackers dug under the base of the wall which
sometimes led to full destruction of the wall or tower which breached the castle's defences Murder
Holes The traps usually located inside barbican passages through which heavy objects or ... Show
The main threat to a hall or lord's home was fire since it was usually made from wood. To protect
against this danger, and keep away other threats, there were few choices of decisions available:
create encircling earthworks to keep an enemy at a distance, raise it up on an artificial terrain,
known as a motte or build the hall in stone, to present more obstacles to attackers. The idea of
ramparts, stone walls and ditches as defensive measures was used in the ancient times, but using a
motte for additional defense was an innovation of medieval

Essay on The Evolution of the Art of War between 1400 and...
It can be said that the period of time between 1400 and 1600 was one of transformation. The
Renaissance revolutionized art and reintroduced Greek and Roman works to Europe. Increased
technologies and a hunger for products from the Indies led to Columbus's discovery of the Americas
in 1492 which revolutionized commerce and international trade. In 1517 a German monk named
Martin Luther listed a series of complaints against the Roman church leading to a reformation that
transformed the western church. At the same time a more obscure, though equally important
revolution was taking place, one whose effects were no less significant. The invasion of Italy by
Charles the VII of France in 1494 is considered the beginning of the age of gunpowder ... Show
The first area of significant area of change during the fifteenth century was that of field combat. The
armies of the medieval era were built around heavy armored cavalry, especially the knight. During
this time the development of infantry was largely ignored in favor of the more heavily armored
cavalry, and as a result foot soldiers were generally ineffective in combat. Infantry in this period
generally consisted of poorly trained and equipped peasants. Though reasonably effective the
reliance on cavalry had several drawbacks, most notably the cost. In order for a knight to be
effective he required the latest armor and a horse capable of supporting both the armored knight and
carrying its own armor while still being mobile enough to function in battle. Knights also required
training which took both time and money. Because the cavalry consisted mostly of knights who
were part of the nobility, they were often reluctant to fight, creating difficulties in raising armies of
sufficient size when the need arose. Another noteworthy problem with the knights was that their
primary tactic of charging the enemy lines often made it easy to led them into traps. At the battle of
El Mansura during the Seventh Crusade, retreating Muslim forces lured a group of overly eager
French

Essay on Medieval Battle Tactics
Medieval Battle Tactics
Medieval tactics were essential for an attack or siege of a castle. Many tactics and strategies helped
develop much–improved version of an attacking artifact, like weapons and sieging machinery. The
knights of Medieval England which were the cavalry, improved as the years went by, but never
actually had any tactics or strategies. The usual knight would just go out there and fight. The knights
were the counter offensive against a small siege, but they were ineffective against a large siege of a
castle. A siege was very essential for medieval warfare. Siege was like the most important part of an
attack; that is if you're attacking a castle.
As you know no one inhabited New England back then in the ... Show more content on
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Pavises or Mantlets were shields that bowmen or archers took around. The purpose of these shields
was to deflect crossbow bolts and arrows, so that the archer could have total protection to fire. These
shields; were constructed out of wood, and had a slit through the middle allowing the archer to shoot
through the slit and begin picking off the enemy. These were used in the battlefield or upon sieging a
castle. They were most effectively used in the battlefield, because they can find a good spot and start
shooting at soldiers.
The Siege of a Castle was a guarantied victory, but it took a long time of patience. Patience was the
key to victory with this strategy, however it was scarce in the battlefield, because of the angry,
impatient soldiers waiting to get home to their families. The city walls were suppose to be fortifying
a position that could not be easily overrun, and that it could be strong enough to enable the defense
to maintain that position for a long period of time. Siege of a fort, castle, or city walls had four basic
concepts. The Sieging technique was directly directed towards these four. In order for the attackers
to get inside they would have to go over the wall, tear a passage through the wall, dig a tunnel
underneath it, or just wait until the defenders surrendered.
Going over the wall meant constructing a tower that was moved with the help of wheels, this

The Major Changes In Defence at Carisbrooke Castle Essay
The Major Changes In Defence at Carisbrooke Castle
The three periods of development I will cover in this piece of coursework are the Norman Period,
the Medieval Period and the Elizabethan Period.
Each period had many different updates installed due to new threats and advances in technology.
Norman Period 1070 – 1130:
The castle began its existence as a Saxon burgh, which was discovered by William Fitzosbern,
owner of the Isle of Wight, which was given to him by King William 1st. Fitzosbern proceeded to
convert the partly existing burgh into a wooden motte–and–bailey castle by firstly constructing a
campaign fort in one corner, as stated in "The Carisbrooke Castle Official Guide Book" ... Show
Brattices (small wooden sheds) were also attached to wall by small jutting stones; these could be
built quickly and were effective for defence. The holds for the brattices can still be seen today. The
walls were filled with rubble beneath the initial layer to absorb the impact from cannon fire and stop
the wall from crumbling. Crenulations on the top of the curtain walls had wooden flaps to allow
archers to shoot from quickly and not get hit by enemy fire. We saw evidence of this on the
Carisbrooke Castle fieldtrip, where there were small notches in the stone for the flap hinges.
The main gatehouse and drawbridge, with two square towers on either side, was built in 1136 too.
Between the two sturdy gates and portcullises was the "murder zone", which allowed defenders to
pour hot oil and sand etc over invaders as they tried to enter. Later developments to the gatehouse at
around 1378 included the square towers being changed to circular drum towers and crossbow
loopholes being added because of the aforementioned device being invented. Another major
development around this period was the barbican. The barbican ensured that to get close to the
gatehouse, invading troops would have to walk around the barbican first exposing their sides to fire
from the drum towers.
The earthworks were adorned with

Medieval Castle Weapons
The castle was an important aspect of warfare from the 10th to 13th centuries. Castles, particularly
in England, played an essential role in warfare because of the power associated with them. Changes
in castle defense are represented by two important types of castles: the motte and bailey castle and,
later, the concentric castles. As a whole, they became more secure and fluid. Stronger materials were
necessary to ensure more powerful weapons could not penetrate the defenses easily. In addition,
more features were integrated into walls and central structures to allow defenders to have angles to
attack without weakening the defenses. This created complexity in battle because of the increased
number of angles available for shooting. The changes that ultimately led to the concentric castle
were prompted by the rapidly advancing technology used in weapons. The original defenses were no
longer capable of defending against them and therefore had to be fortified further. The specific
structural and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One feature is an artificial or natural mound of earthen materials, called a motte. A motte could be
up to 30 feet tall and was sometimes surrounded by a moat to keep attackers from scaling it and
breaching the main defenses. On top of the motte was a donjon or wooden tower, the primary area
of defense. There was an area on top of the tower to allow for the garrison to shoot the attackers
from a higher angle. Lastly, a bailey was a courtyard surrounded by walls, ideally circular. Because
castles were used for residential and administrative purposes along with warfare, they had important
buildings and people to defend. There were often multiple baileys encompassing the various
buildings, but the outer bailey was the most important. While rather simple compared to later
castles, its structure was sufficient for defending against the weapons at the

Purpose And Role Of Castles In The Middle Ages
From Historians to free–lance enthusiasts one of the most interesting subjects of study is the purpose
and roles of castles in the middle ages. The strong fortified castles of England and Wales have
survived centuries of war and natural disasters that would surely destroy much of today's modern
architecture. While some may think of castles and immediately connect them to fairy tales and
princess's castles played a far greater role in the military and social development of the middle ages.
Whether it was military or socially castles were a way for men to establish their power among their
equals. At the beginning of the 13th century the architecture of castles was beginning to change by
becoming more fortified and defensive. The change of castles taking on a strategic defensive ...
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The solution was the build rounded walls that increased the walls strength and it also made it
increasingly harder for an arms man to angle the Trebuchet properly. Caerphilly was built in 1215
for Gilbert De Clare while this castle does have strong military protection it was also built to
establish De Clares social class and enforce his dominance in the region. When building a castle, the
architects not only had to pay close attention to its fortification but also its location and its strategic
advantages. Building a castle by the water allowed for an essay access to supply's and escape routes,
while building a castle up on a hill gives you a great advantage over invading army's. While the
roles of castles in the 13th century clearly point to a military purpose that begins to change during
the start of the 14th century. Castles start to become a way for nobility to establish and maintain
their social hierarchy. (Johnson; 2002, 6) We can see a clear example of this in the architecture of
castles that were built in the middle of the 14th

Catapults: a History
Catapults: A History A catapult has been used all throughout history as a siege engine. A siege
engine is a device that is designed to break or circumvent city walls and other fortifications in siege
warfare. A catapult was one of the approximately 10 weapons used in siege warfare during an
assault on a castle or fortification. Some other weapons used in both ancient and medieval siege
warfare included the well known trebuchet, the classic battering ram, and the siege tower. All of
these devices and their relatives were used both in ancient and medieval times in large numbers, and
to their users utter enjoyment, and they remained effective for ages, despite an opponent's usually
inefficient ways of trying to impede the seige weapons ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To fire it, the spoke or arm was forced down, against the tension of twisted ropes or other springs,
by a windlass, and then suddenly released. As the sling swung outwards, one end would release, as
with a staff–sling, and the projectile would be hurled forward. The arm would then be caught by a
padded beam or bed, when it could be winched back again. The Onager is usually the first type of
catapult

Coquina Research Paper
"Though not the first fort built by the Spanish, the Castillo was the most formidable; its nine
predecessors were all made of wood." A pirate attack in 1668 convinced the Queen at the time
which was Queen Regent Marina that the only masonry fort could adequately defend the city and
the port. Engineers at the time utilized a local limestone called "coquina"–little shells–for the walls
of the fort, and that is what the wall is precisely made of, tiny shellfish that perished long ago and
their shells have now become bonded together to form the stone. The coquina was targeted from
Anastasia Island across the bay of the Castillo. Various stonemasons were sent to St. Augustine from
Havana produce the blocks for the construction of the Castillo.

Castles In Medieval Times Research Paper
"If you are going to build something in the air it is always better to build castles than houses of
cards."(Lichtenberg). Castles are meant to hold up in defensive times to protect the people and
country. "Why should we strive, with cynic frown, to knock their fairy castles down?" (Cook). At
first, castles were built for military and government means. As centuries went on, hostilities
subsided, and wealth started to flow during Renaissance, nobility and royalty started to create vanity
castles that were used to be summer houses, hunting houses and royal houses. Castles are used
mostly for defense, they protect the nobility from danger, and they were used as a fortress to protect
the country. The castles were large enough to be seen over many ... Show more content on
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Furthermore castles were fortresses that were made of materials that held up in anything. Strong
materials were used to protect the nobility in order for him to keep the power. They were made to
defend the rulers of the country. The types of castles they built are "Large stone castles were built in
Europe from about the 1100's to about the 1500's. These huge buildings served not only to defend
the country from foreign invaders but as the basic tool in preserving the king's and the nobles' power
over the land." ("Castles in Medieval Times." Castles in Medieval Times. N.p). Castles were made
of strong durable material to stay up in defensive times. Before stone was used for building castles
they had to use some not as durable material but they built the fortress to withstand the enemy's. The
weaker materials used helped but they weren't the best. They only used them because that's all they
had at the time "Stone and wood were about the only building materials available. Slate and thatch
(bundles of reeds or other plants in a thick bundle) were used for roofs, but not for walls.
Fortunately, northern Europe had large amounts of both wood and stone. Wood didn't last as long,
but, worse, it

Fortification Instruction Manual
Safety Hazards/Warnings/Liability Waiver:
Fortification Incorporated, Fortification Instruction Manual booklet will inform people to do
physically strenuous activities that might cause risk of personal injury. BEFORE any personnel is
exposed to the Fortification Instruction Manual all persons MUST read the current Safety
Hazards/Warnings.
IMPORTANT SAFETY AND HEALTH INFORMATION
Read, understand, and follow all instructions, warnings, and relevant Fortification Instruction
Manual materials before attempting to participate in any Fortification activities. Failure to do so
could increase the risk of death or serious injury to any personnel, or outside recipients in the area.
SAFETY RISKS AND RISK AVOIDANCE
WARNING: Muscle Contraction or Strain

Catapult Research Paper
During the Middle Ages, many weapons were created to help in the winning battles.There was a
weapon was the siege engine called a catapult. The term catapult came from the Greek word
"katapultos". A catapult was a large machine on wheels with a basket attached to a long wooden arm
and a power source for hurling projectiles on the other.The first catapult however was invented
around 400 BC in Greek town Syracuse. It was not the type seen so many times at our own wars in
today's Society for Creative Anachronism. The first catapult closely resembled a crossbow. It was
called the Gastraphete, and worked similar to a crossbow. The Gastraphete had to be pointed at the
ground and the operator had to use great force to set the weapon to fire. The Greeks were so
impresses with the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The men would bring down the shorter end of the long beam or arm, causing the longer end of the
arm to flip up, causing the basket to loose it's projectile towards the intended target. Some of these
siege weapons were held by men and cause some difficulty in battle.Gravity powered catapults
simply used gravity to hurl the projectile. At its most basic understanding, a gravity catapult is
simply a lever that uses centrifugal force to its advantage. Think of it as a modified seesaw. When
two people are on the seesaw and both are of close weight, the seesaw balances itself. If another
person came up and jumped on one end of the seesaw with one of the people, the single person on
the opposite end is likely to become airborne. Like the seesaw, a gravity powered catapult is also
pivoted in the middle. A counter–weight was built onto one end of the catapult and a basket or sling
on the other. The projectile end was pulled down forcing the counterweighted end to

A Study of Warfare in Europe Between 1300 and 1500
Since the introduction of gunpowder into Europe, it has gone on to dominate warfare into the
twentieth century. With the development of the first European guns in the fourteenth century, armies
were given use of a weapon which was to radically alter most of the ways of making war which had
been established during the Middle Ages, and changes began to be seen within only a few years. It
is, however, questionable whether the nature of these early changes constituted a revolution in the
methods of war, and even more so whether guns had by 1500 made a great deal of impact on the
character of war as it had existed in 1300. In assessing whether a revolution had taken place (or at
least whether one was in the process of happening) by 1500, it is ... Show more content on
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The use of the counterweight trébuchet, which had been in existence in Roman times, failed to
decline until the 1380s and was still listed as an active weapon in some French arms inventories
until the 1460s. This shows the gradual nature of the introduction of gunpowder artillery (perhaps
caused by shortages of materials for the cannons or unwillingness to invest in them when a prince
already owned trébuchets), but there was little doubt that guns were becoming by far the better siege
weapons. Their importance gave rise to a kind of 'arms race' in France in particular, with cities in the
contested areas of the Hundred Years War assigning the acquisition of guns a high priority. Charles
the Bold's army included a substantial artillery element in his war with the Swiss (although he was
perhaps not a good enough general to make effective use of it), while in 1494, Charles VIII invaded
Italy with "...an army of 18,000 men and a horse–drawn siege–train of at least forty guns. Even
contemporaries realised that this marked a new departure in warfare: in 1498 the Venetian Senate
declared that 'the wars of the present time are influenced more by the force of bombards and artillery
than by men at arms'."
Despite their undoubted worth, however, artillery did have a number of disadvantages at this time.
Perhaps the main one of these is the chronic difficulty of moving

How Did Castles Change In England Between 1066 And 1500
"Explain why castles changed in England between 1066 and 1500"
Castles were extremely important during 1066 – 1500 and they changed overtime to get more
protection. A castle is a fortification that was used in the middle ages to protect territory against an
invasion. They were important during these times because many kings and lords wanted to show off
how wealthy they are and they used them as bases, controlling their land and people from a higher
point.
The first stage of the castle development is the motte and bailey castles. The motte is a hill or a
mound with a flat surfaced top and it is the hardest point to attack. Whereas the bailey is inside the
wells were people lived and the cops were grown. The King and lords who built castles used them as
bases from which they could control their land and people, furthermore it also protected them from
wars and showed people how powerful and rich they were. Examples of motte and bailey castles are
Windsor castle, Lincoln castle, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The wooden towers of a motte and bailey castle were removed and replaced with stone, because the
towers were hollow, it was called a shell keep. Castles with a shell keep were better than the early
Norman 'motte and bailey castles' because it was an expensive way of strengthening the motte, the
fragile wooden fence around the motte was replaced with a stone wall. The castle engineers during
the Norman period of time did not trust the motte to support the enormous weight of a stone keep,
but the a common solution to that problem was to replace the wooden stakes enclosing the castle
with a stone wall then building wooden buildings backing onto the inside of the wall. This
construction was great because it meant that the walls could be thinner and lighter. The shell keep
castles were less popular and were relatively short lived, the style stopped being popular very
quickly. Castles like York castle Clifford tower have a stone

Exploration of Castles Essay
Exploration of Castles
A.D 450 saw the creation of castles. Romans were "replaced" by Anglo Saxon foes, and these did
leave behind a system of castles however these were for Motte and Bailey castles built in the reign
of Edward the confessor.
The Norman invasion of 1066 was one of the causes for castles to become an important part of
defence. After king Harold's defeat by William the conqueror, William was concerned about how he
would control the country with only a limited number of troops facing a hostile environment. He did
not have enough troops to station them everywhere, so he used a very useful tactic that had worked
in Normandy previously. This was a simplified castle known as a ... Show more content on
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The pathways and ladders that allowed reach to important areas of the castle have been removed or
destroyed; and the enemy are at a disadvantage because they are facing attack from a raised level.
As time progressed, the situation in England changed. The Normans were now in control of England
and there was little resistance from hostile sources, therefore a concentration on the development of
castles occurred.
Less time was needed for castles to be constructed quickly and therefore time could be used to
search for better materials for building. This meant that stone could be used instead of wood, which
was used previously. By 1100, the earth that had held Motte and bailey castles had now settles, and
was capable of sustaining much larger weights. With the change to stone castles, fire was not a
concern as it was when Motte and baileys were in use.
Square keeps were used when the development of stone castles were quite young. They were often
built in the most important places, to show how powerful the Normans were. Square keeps were
good because of the immense thickness of the walls. The walls in square keeps were often up to 5
metres thick, and 30 metres high. This added to the strength of the castle because the walls could
easily withstand attacks from siege weapons such as magonels and trebuchets.
Text Box: Because of the

Hadrians Wall Analysis
The essay is going to discuss the purpose of the Hadrian's Wall built. " Hadrian was the first to build
a wall, eighty miles long to separate the Romans from the barbarians (the Picts / the Brigantes)." (1)
It took three of Britain's legions around 15,000 men 6 years to construct since AD 122 which is
located at the narrowest part of the Island with a natural ridge at the central part which offers a great
position on defense. (2) Edward N. Luttwak (1976) has indicated the wall's fortifications including
the forts, trenches and soldiers house did suggest a military motivation. (3) However, from the
duration and pattern of the construction, it does not seem to build for defensive purposes only, but
furthermore – A multipurpose. The essay will be focusing on the wall's political purpose, thus
indicating that it was not built for defensive purposes originally. The military purpose was not the
first consideration when the wall was built. In fact, before the installation of the wall, the northern
tribes have been defeated at the battle of Mons Graupius at AD 85 by the Romans. At the same time,
the Romans pushed northwards to the current Scotland. Yet, the terrain increasingly mountainous
and boggy obstruct the occupation, the Romans couldn't consolidate their economic profit and
slowly retreating to the southward. (4) It shows the Romans did have the ability to defeated
intruders even without the wall, therefore the need of the wall is not urgent. Basically, it would cost
years

Why Did They Build Castles During The Middle Ages
Castles were built during the Middle Ages as fortified homes for kings and nobility. Why did they
build Castles? During the Middle Ages much of Europe was divided up between lords and princes.
They would rule the local land and all the people who lived there. In order to defend themselves,
they built their homes as large castles in the center of the land they ruled. They could defend from
attacks as well as prepare to launch attacks of their own from their castles. Originally castles were
made of wood and timber. Later they were replaced with stone to make them stronger. Castles were
often built at the top of hills or where they could use some natural features of the land to help with
their defense. After the Middle Ages castles weren't built as much, especially ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Keep – The keep was a large tower and the last place of defense in a castle. Curtain Wall – The wall
around the castle which had a walkway on it from which defenders could fire arrows down onto
attackers. Arrow Slits – These were slits cut into the walls that allowed archers to shoot arrows at
attackers, but remain safe from return fire. Gatehouse – The gatehouse was built at the gate to help
reinforce the castle defenses at its weakest point. Battlements – Battlements were at the tops of
castle walls. Generally they were cut out from walls allowing defenders to attack while still being
protected by the wall. Famous Castles Windsor Castle – William the Conqueror built this castle after
he became ruler of England. Today it is still the primary residence of English royalty. Tower of
London – Was built in 1066. The large White Tower was started in 1078 by William the Conqueror.
Over time the tower has served as a prison, treasury, armory, and royal palace. Leeds Castle – Built
in 1119, this castle later became the residence of King Edward I. Chateau Gaillard – Castle built in
France by Richard the

Early Medieval Architecture
Early Medieval structures are typically built from a combination of stone and timber called "half–
timbered" buildings (anything built earlier than the 11th century) and later built with just stone.
They were built with a secure base, easily defended because of the thick high walls, and secure entry
gates to protect from frontal attacks. Some even included keeps, turrets with small, high windows
(which provided protection for archers), and a moat or trench of water to deter invaders. These
buildings were also strategically placed next to bodies of water or mountains to monitor and control
access and resources in case of a siege. This building style was mostly militaristic and less
extravagant because the people in this period from 500 to 1000 ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Both forts were placed upon a hill type structure to raise it up and protect it from siege except the
Castillo's was called a glacis. They both had a form of structure to help protect soldiers within it
crenelations in the Windor castle and ravelins in the Castillo. The only differences between the two
were the shapes of the structures the Castillo being made into the shape of a star and the Windsor
castle made into more of a circular type structure around the town, what type of stone they were
made with regular stone vs. Coquina, and how they were built, the Bastion system vs. motte and
bailey castle building, due to varying locations and advances in militaristic building technology.
There were more weapons on the Castillo and they were less about protecting the people and more
about protecting the gold. And ultimately the building of the Castillo was more advanced because
they had the time and greater wealth to develop something of a greater stature than the fort and it
wasn't just made for protection of the people but more so for the protection of their assets. But
without the engineering feats of the Windsor Castle the Castillo may never have been built because
it was a result of years and years of militaristic advances in building technology.
Works Cited Royal Collection Trust. "Who Built Windsor Castle?" Home. Royal Collection

Fort Build Research Paper
How many times did it ring in your ears as a child?
"Sit still!"
It holds true through the generations. Wiggles and giggles accompany childhood. Seemingly bitten
by the energy bug and filled with natural curiosity, kids bounce from one thought to another, one
activity to the next. And, the whirlwind makes many an adult dizzy.
So, other than wearing out parents witnessing all this wiggling, what is all the fuss about and focus
on, well, on focus? And, what role do forts play in developing this skill?
IS FOCUS JUST HOCUS POCUS?
The development and discipline of focus extend into adulthood. Staving off distractions in school, at
work, even at home proves important to learning and goal achievement. After all, even children need
to focus on a task and stick with it long enough to see it accomplished. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Or, working diligently to complete a task? Enraptured by a video game? The skill of focus, tuning
out distractions, is at work.
Forts offer opportunities to engage kids in their passion and increase focus:
– Fort building alone proves a strong draw to a child's attention span.
– The process of planning a fort design develops focus.
– Following fort plans keeps projects and kids' concentration on track.
– Working together in constructing helps children learn to work amid distractions.
– Fort building lends itself to be broken into smaller chunks as needed to hold attention.
– Pursuing a loved building project helps kids set goals and follow through on them.
– Passion engages kids even to the level of problem–solving which requires focusing skills.
Let your kids choose the fort design that fits their passion or whim of the day to keep them engaged
and developing focus skills. After all, don't we all focus and concentrate better when the matter at
hand interests us? And, these skills flow into other learning areas as well.
Move Inside, Outside, Upside

Nightmare In Jamestown Movie Analysis
In the movie, The New World: Nightmare in Jamestown begins with the voyage of about one
hundred men journeying to discover treasure in the New World called Jamestown. These men were
part of what was called the, Virginia Company. The Virginia Companies exploration was
predominantly for treasure like gold and silver. The voyage took about four months. At the time,
Jamestown was not the place to be living. In Jamestown the land has been stricken with a scarcity of
food and there had been a staggering amount of infections going around. Fortunately, they had the
assistance from England who shipped them different resources essential in order to endure the harsh
conditions of Jamestown.
Originally when the colonists arrived at Jamestown they only ... Show more content on
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After their third year in Jamestown, they began running out of wheat and barley, which was
predominantly their food at the time, so they began eating dogs, cats, snakes, and humans. After
searching Jamestown, they were let down by not having found silver and gold, they found tobacco.
After the new shipments came for food it seemed to be infected with rats which created the bubonic
plague. This killed many people.
In conclusion, the Virginia Company came close to failing in Jamestown. Unfortunately they were
not able to find their envisioned treasure of gold and silver. However, they found crop of tobacco
which was a huge discovery. Ultimately, the death of their leader, Bortholomew Gosnold seemed to
be scary for the colonists it proved to be constructive with the new leadership of John

The Mootte-And-Bailey: The Most Common Form Of Castle
History is made and altered throughout time. A motte–and–bailey is a major part of our history,
especially of castles. It was a form of castle on a raised surface that was surrounded by a ditch and
protective fence. It was the most common form of castle in Europe in the 11th century in many
places.
The motte parts were mounds crowned by a tower. A ditch was around them and it was sometimes
filled with water. Because of the mottes, it added another way of defence. Another way of
technically describing a motte is a mound, natural or artificial, topped with a tower. The tower is
also referred to as a "keep" ("Motte"). The outer surface of the mound could be covered with clay or
wooden supports. The earlier the mottes were, the more they were

The Muotte-Bailey Castle
Castles were the core of a society in the Middle Ages, acting as a fort and defense. One of the first
castles meant to as a defense fort was the motte–bailey castle, one of the earliest fortifications of the
Middle Ages. The motte and bailey castle date back to the early 's, . This design would have the
castle upon an elevated set of land known as the motte. The motte was surrounded by a defensive
ditch which also separated the motte from the palisade, this was known as the bailey. A bridge
connected the motte to the lower bailey, this construct was meant to guarantee that the keep, the
stronghold or center of the kingdom, was harder to get to during invasions. Surrounding the entire
kingdom was a wooden fence that contained a girded and barbed

St. Augustine : The Oldest Settlement Of European Origin
Milena A. Rodriguez
Professor Patrick Leitch
ENC 1102
10 September 2016
Castillo de San Marcos In the United States, St. Augustine is the oldest settlement of European
origin which has been continuously occupied. It was founded in 1565 by Pedro Menendez de Aviles,
a Spanish conquistador. The isolated outpost of St Augustine enjoyed a peaceful coexistence with
the Native Americans which provided stability to the small province for a few years. The town
would soon suffer at the hands of Sir Frances Drake, who in 1586 sacked and burned St. Augustine.
100 years later, sixty people were killed by Robert Searle, an English buccaneer who attacked the
small province, pillaged churches, homes and government buildings. Further north, an English
settlement at Charles Town posed a threat to the small Spanish colony, which after the raid by
Robert Searle, forced the Spanish monarchy to consider the vulnerability of St. Augustine and seek
to improve its defenses. Queen Regent Mariana in 1669 ordered the disbursement of funds to
construct a masonry fortress. The construction of the Castillo de San Marcos commenced in 1672
and was completed in 1695. Shortly thereafter, a new threat arose. In November of 1702, under the
command of Governor Moore, forces from Carolina mounted a 58 day siege on the Castillo. It was a
failed attempt, but it prompted improvements to the town of St. Augustine and to Castillo.
Bombproof rooms were built in the interior for the protection of supplies, vaulted

The University Center For British Art
In the Yale Center for British Art, one can find a beautiful map titled: "The Description of Jarsey
a(nn)o 1600." One trait that stands out with this map compared to others drafted the 16th and early
17th centuries is the exquisite detail depicted in the topographical features. According to a display
featured in an exhibition of the map, this is "from the collection of George Legge, first Baron
Dartmouth; previously in the English Royal map collection" (Yale Center, From the Collection).
One might wonder why a map with such extensive detail would be in the hands of the Royal
Collection, and thus why it was commissioned by Queen Elizabeth I. According to R. A. Skelton: "it
is not difficult to see how, in the course of business, some maps ... Show more content on
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This could be a major factor in why the island was so heavily contested for hundreds of years; the
island is arguably a great launching point for the French Navy to attack the British. With
communication during this time period being relatively slow given the lack of modern technology, it
would have been easy for the island to be captured by the French without mainland Britain
immediately knowing. Thus, there was a great incentive on the part of the British to keep this island
well defended so as to protect it from any potential French attacks. Such an assertion can be
bolstered not only by the fact that Queen Elizabeth I decided to build a castle off the southern coast
of the island in 1594, which could have been done to provide ample protection of the south
coastline, but also the production of the map itself in 1600 which is now held by the Yale Center for
British Art. There are many features of this map that should be acknowledged. First, there are twelve
parishes noted. Within these parishes, there are 2057 households noted, all distributed within the
map by town. Some churches, windmills and other landmarks are denoted on the island with
pictures and names of said places. Looking past this basic information, the more detailed material
begins in the southern part of the map. While topographical information is scattered throughout the
map, the majority of this information is marked solely on the southern side of Jersey. What appears
to be hills and

Gunpowder Revolutionized Medieval Europe And The End Of...
The introduction of gunpowder revolutionized medieval Europe and hastened the decline of the
knight and the end of the medieval style of warfare. Prior to this, all medieval weapons depended on
the strength of the user to operate; from the largest most complex torsion and gravity driven siege
machines to a poor farmer's dirk, all weapons used human strength. While siege weapons would be
dependent on leverage and a ratcheting mechanism to draw a rope to prime a ballista or ready a
mangonel, other weapons like a traditional war bow would be dependent on raw brute strength.
As opponents and fortifications became better protected, the performance of traditional weapons
diminished due to the physical limitations of the technology. By the mid ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Peasants were essentially treated as cannon fodder marching into battles in hordes armed with
farming implements and small knives. Other weapons were expensive and limited by monarchies.
Knights in contrast were treated with the utmost respect and wore protective steel mail and plates.
Due to the expectation that knights would furnish all of their own equipment, training and horses,
the knightly class became almost exclusively filled with rich nobles and aristocrats. Archers proved
to be highly effective but the skill took a lifetime to master and arrows needed to be shot at close
range to be capable of penetrating knight's armor. Furthermore, archers were vulnerable to charge
while they reloaded.
Despite later results, gunpowder did not immediately revolutionize European armies, rather it took
time for the technology to advance to the point that it could surpass traditional technologies.
Overtime gunpowder granular size, production method and ingredient proportions changed as
medieval era scientists experimentally determined what specific methods produced the best quality
cannon and handgun powder. It wasn't just the gunpowder that needed refinement, the weapons
using also needed change.
Initial gunpowder weapons were poorly designed and highly ineffective killing instruments. In the
beginning, they offered no performance improvement over a traditional crossbow which limited
their utilization by militaries.

Military Maps
In the Yale Center for British Art, one can find a beautiful map, titled: "The Description of Jarsey
a(nn)o 1600." One noticeable trait that stands out with this map compared to others in the 16th and
early 17th centuries is the exquisite detail of topographical features. According to an exhibition of
the map, this is "from the collection of George Legge, first Baron Dartmouth; previously in the
English Royal map collection" (Yale Center, From the Collection). One might wonder why a map,
with the extensive detail that this has, would be in the hands of the Royal Collection and thus
commissioned by Queen Elizabeth. According to R. A. Skelton: "it is not difficult to see how, in the
course of business, some maps might have come into the hands ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
On the map, one can see a tool indicating the scale of the map. This same looking tool can be found
in the book "Compass and Rule" in an exhibition called "Bartholomew Newsam, set of drawing
instruments, c. 1570." This is the only known surviving Elizabethton drawing set in modern day
(Gerbino 61). This tool could have been used to scale the map, which can be seen in the one–
square–mile gridlines. In addition, by connecting these tools to those used likely by military
engineers, one can assume that the gridlines had a purpose besides denoting the scale of the map. If
only the scale was important, the British could have simply put a key on the map showing 1 inch = 1
square mile, for example. Since they drew the entire grid, it could be interpreted as being done to
perhaps reproduce the map for military purposes. It may have been easier to redraw the map to
accurate scale by producing these gridlines. Thus, one could predict that this map may have been
reproduced in a smaller form for military personnel to effectively defend this

Mycenaean Fortifications
Late Helladic fortification walls on the Greek mainland are found surrounding citadels, not the
entire city or site. The citadels seem to have housed central administration and housing for an elite
class of citizens. They were built on hills, presumably as another layer of fortification. I will
examine the sites of Gla, Midea, Tiryns, and Mycenae to look for similarities and differences in the
design and architecture of their fortifications, as well as, arguments about the purpose of the
fortifications at these sites. I will also explore how some sites were hindered or helped defensively
and economically by their location and their use of fortifications.
Mycenaean sites employed Cyclopean masonry as the means of building their ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The site of Midea is near Mycenae and Tiryns. Midea's fortification walls were observable by 19th
century travelers (Iakovidis, 1983) and later excavations uncovered the gates from the walls as well.
Like other Late Helladic sites, the fortification walls were built on a natural hill. At Midea this hill is
surrounded by a plain and is significantly taller than the surrounding area at 171 meters and the
slopes are hard to climb. This puts the citadel of the site in an easily defensible position in case of
any attack. The hill is so steep in areas that builders did not need to build fortification walls on the
east and south–east sides.
The walls at Midea were built using Cyclopean masonry like other fortification walls found from
this time. The walls are also very thick, ranging from 5.50–7 meters in various areas (Iakovidis,
1983). Like other Mycenaean sites, there is also evidence of a palace area inside the fortification
walls. Terracing and other buildings have also been uncovered during excavations, in keeping with
the traditional role of the fortification walls being placed around an administrative or elite center.
Unlike some other Mycenaean sites, Midea's fortification walls' entrance gates were relatively
simple and the walls were never expanded. Midea also has examples of L–Shaped gates which are
rare on the Greek mainland. L–Shaped gates had 90 degree turns, and while it was a defensive
measure in the

How Warfare Techniques Have Changed The Construction Of A...
There are many "Warfare methods" created for a castle. For instance, there is the Trebuchet, there
are the battlements (Merlins and Embrasures), the catapults, and much more! I'll be telling you how
these warfare techniques have changed the construction of the castles!!
The first thing I will be telling you about is the Trebuchet, A trebuchet is a catapult–like engine
which uses a swinging arm to throw a projectile at the enemy. It is used to throw rocks (Boulders),
dead animals and humans, fireballs, and much more things. Trebuchets were apart of the attacking–
defending team of the castles. This means that this would cost money because the people in the
castle would need to get supplies. The reason the "Trebuchets" influenced castle construction is that
when the people of the castle new that the enemies would have the trebuchets they would need to
build higher walls so when things start to fly at the castle they would want to have something that
would block the flying obstacles. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They look like mini/small walls that go up and down around all of the castle walls. The reasons the
"Merlins and Embrasures" are influenced construction is because when there was a war these would
act as little barriers for when archers would shoot, the defenders would duck because they would not
be hit by arrows, boulders, and more. This is why "Merlin and Embrasures" were influenced for
castle

The Sniper
The Sniper – Original Writing
The long June twilight faded into night. Dublin lay covered in mist and enveloped in darkness but
for the dim light of the moon that glazed through fleecy clouds, casting a pale light approaching
dawn over the streets and the dark waters of the Lake. Around the deserted Four Courts the heavy
guns roared. Here and there through the city, machine guns and rifles broke the silence of the night,
like dogs barking on lone farms. Republicans and Free Staters were waging civil war.
On a rooftop near O'Connell Bridge, a Republican sniper lay watching. Beside him lay his rifle and
over his shoulders was slung a pair of field glasses. His face was the face of a student, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
He rolled over the roof to a chimney stack in the rear, and slowly drew himself up behind it, until his
eyes were level with the top of the parapet. There was nothing to be seen––just the dim outline of
the opposite housetop against the blue sky. His enemy was under cover.
Just then an armoured car came across the bridge and moved slowly up the street. It stopped on the
opposite side of the street, fifty yards ahead. The sniper could hear the dull roar of the motor. His
heart beat faster. It was an enemy car. He wanted to fire, but he knew it was useless. His bullets
would never pierce the steel that covered the grey monster.
Then round the corner of a side street came an old woman, her head covered by a tattered shawl.
She began to talk to the man in the turret of the car. She was pointing to the roof where the sniper
lay. An informer.
The turret opened. A man's head and shoulders appeared, looking toward the sniper. The sniper
raised his rifle and fired. The head fell heavily on the turret wall. The woman darted toward the side
street. The sniper fired again. The woman whirled round and fell with a shriek into the gutter.
Suddenly from the opposite roof a shot rang out and the sniper dropped his rifle with a curse. The
rifle clattered to the roof. The sniper thought the noise would wake the dead. He stooped to pick the
rifle up.

Roman Military Tactics Essay
Roman Military Life Tactics By: Nathanael Delivuk The Roman army was very skilled in sieges,
fighting styles/fighting formations and marching orders. Some of these tactics are still used widely
today by the US army. But what made all of these tactics so useful to a modern army,? Kkeep
reading to find out. In ancient warfare open battles were commonly used but sometimes the defender
took a stand in a well fortified city. Whenever an army decided to siege their enemies it took a lot of
money, time, and men, so it was the least used option to attack an enemy. The Romans through time
copied and improved the artillery weapons used by the Greeks, but they didn't use them in open
combat. , Iinstead they were reserved for siege warfare in order to pound the fortifications of cities
and strike terror into the defenders. Instead of using horsehair for their siege engines they used
animal sinews( a piece of tissue that holds the bones together) which were stronger and could throw
rocks farther and with more power. The Romans were a little slow to employ the towers that the
Hellenistic kingdoms had perfected. They made changes, making their own towers smaller and more
manoeuvrable. The towers also became more useful carrying weapons in them. The Romans added
battering rams, a boarding bridge, and fighting platforms which could carry both men and artillery.
Towers had wheels so that they could be constructed at a safe distance from the city and then moved
closer

Tax Reform Persuasive Speech
It amazes me to sit before parliament and witness the ignorance among my fellow noblemen,
bishops, knights, and burgesses who seem to rightfully believe the best course of action for England
to take, is to increase taxes in order to sustain a military buildup. We are some of the most well
educated individuals of this kingdom, yet many of you are so caught up in your own petulance, that
you fail to realize just how unrealizable this legislation is. England's defenses are well kept, and
have proven time and time again to be able to withstand foreign aggression. Rather than focusing on
tax reform that would only harm the hard working laborers of this nation, we should instead focus
our efforts towards maintaining low tax rates for these individuals while we continue to revive our
economy. There are few in this nation who could healthy support and pay for this tax, especially
after the rise of enclosures in 1517. The only way to do this is to underwrite princely ambition, for
passion is a dangerous trait which more often than not leads us astray from what is truly important.
The current state of England's defense is more than optimal. We have numerous castles which have
withstood the brunt of invasion and protected our great nations. Take Dover for example which
overlooks the English Channel, and the Strait of Dover. God has graced us with ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
We should not be motivated by fear, but by God. For if war were truly to break out, our fortifications
will be rendered useless if we are not in the Lord's favor, no amount of money can save us from his
glorious wrath. And the Lord certainly does not favor those who are motivated by temporal goods.
Peace is far more beneficial than the spoils of war, and the rewards are far greater than simply by
glory and extension of territory. England is safe as long as her prince holds himself in a virtuous
light in the eyes of

Concentric Circle Castles
In 1066, there was a new way of construction due to the arrival of the Normans. The Normans
brought the Motte and Bailey Castles and the Concentric Circle Castles to Europe. Castles were
used by royalty to have secure protection from attacks. Castles would be expensive and take a long
time to build, making it only available to the rich and powerful. The first castles that were built
during the arrival of the Normans were the Motte and Bailey Castles, which then progressed into the
Concentric Circle Castles. Motte and Bailey Castles were the first castles brought by the Normans in
1066. They were wooden and kept on an "an artificial mound" called a motte (Johnson). The castle
would be surrounded by an enclosed courtyard called a bailey. The whole area would be surrounded
by a "ditch and palisade" for extra protection (Johnson). The mote would be used as a final fighting
destination when the castle itself had been breached. Many of the Motte and Bailey Castles were
built on "river crossings and crossroads" because ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The people needed stronger, more durable castles so they would be protected. The Concentric Circle
Castles were much superior to the Motte and Bailey Castles. The Motte and Bailey Castles were
made out of wood, which made it effortless to burn down. Concentric Circle Castles were made out
of stone, so it was not as easy to burn it. Concentric Circle Castles could last in rainy weather, which
Motte and Bailey Castles could not. Concentric Circle Castles were a lot taller and bigger, and had
more security. One of the features of the castle was the ability to attack from the inside. This made it
easier to handle attacks. Since methods of attacking castles improved as time went on, this was a
major necessity when building a castle. The Motte and Bailey Castles turned into Concentric Circle
Castles, which was helpful to the Lords and

Medieval Castles Research Paper
Imagine you are a European residing in England in the year 1066. You are terrified of the Norman
invasion and are concerned of how to protect yourself. The idea of castles came after the Battle of
Hastings, when the Norman–French army began conquest in England. Medieval castles were built to
protect those who lived in or near them, from attackers and invaders. These castles lasted up until
about the 1560's. Medieval castles originated from about the 1100's and began being built rapidly
across Europe. The idea of castles came when after the Norman conquest or Battle of Hastings in
1066. Upon conquering Europe, the Normans needed to establish their rule, and they did this by
building a network of castles. At first, the Normans built wooden castles,

The Battle Of The War
On 15 January, Porter continued to be in position to provide their most massive bombardment yet in
preparation for the attack. At noon, 1600 sailors and 400 marines executed the ground assault along
the beach about a mile and a half north of the fort. By 1500 the marines' new position was now
unable to effectively provide cover for the ensuing assault and failed to keep the Confederate
riflemen off the fort's parapet. As 1500 passed, the sailors quickly became restless for the army's
attack signal. Not waiting for visual confirmation of the army's attack as directed, 1600 sailors ran
across the open beach, and the naval attack very quickly became a rout. The sailors with only their
pistols and cutlasses were no match for the Confederate riflemen, canister, and grape. After only 20
minutes the assault was repulsed, with the men retreating in droves, leaving over three hundred dead
or wounded sailors and marines. Many of the wounded were left to drown in the rising tide. This
was not the outcome Admiral Porter's had envisioned. Realizing the naval assault was failing, Terry
sent his aide to direct the remaining forces to relieve Abbot's brigade and man the defensive
entrenchments along the northern line with Paine's division. Curtis' brigade led the charge of the
attack and Abbott's brigade was held as a reserve. The 3300 black soldiers of Paine's division would
hold in defense of the Federal rear and only be used if necessary . The army's attack was going as

Medieval Architecture : The Caernarvon Castle
Medieval Architecture: The Caernarvon Castle When people think of a medieval castle, they often
tend to visualize a "fairy tale representation" of something that they had seen in a Disney film. The
buildings are usually lavish–looking and filled with whimsical wonder and intrigue, but no one
really wonders about the story behind the architecture and style used to construct it. This generic
idea is merely scratching the surface of what an actual castle from the medieval era would look like
or stand for. From the history of its walls to the drama behind its gates, medieval castles prove to be
so much more than just a large, beautiful building sat on top of a hill. Once one learns of the
backstory behind a castle and the brutal struggles it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2). The king called for a military architect named Master James of St. George to help him carry out
his plans. Master James, from Lake Neuchatel, Savoy, was a widely known architect that was
responsible for multiple castle designs with regards to important figures during this time. Since King
Edward I and his father, King Henry III, had personal connections with him, he wanted to use
Master James' expertise for this task. He was famous for designing architecture at a quick pace and
had managed to make various advantageous additions to several castles in the area. Caernarvon was
one of the main castles that acted as part of a "barrier" around the area to ensure numerous
conquests. During this time in the late 13th century, the Welsh were rebelling against the English,
and the Caernarvon seemed to serve as the pinnacle of this history–making process by acting as a
stamp of dominance along with its neighboring chain of castles. The politics during this time period
were based off of King Edward I's desire to conquer, and he made sure that the castles served their
purpose in order to be used as fortresses. In 1283, after the Welsh were taken over by the English,
the official stone construction of Caernarvon had begun, thus marking the king's permanent
influence on the area as well as the people. Other surrounding castles had also been rebuilt or
enhanced with strong defenses as well as their presences. The Caernarvon Castle's improved

Descriptive Speech About Osaka Castle
OSAKA CASTLE
Are you a traveller and love world history? Have you ever imagining yourself, to be a part of an old
century when you tried to visit the place in your generation? Have you dream to discover a known
place that was part to the oldest countrymen who manage millions of people during their time? Have
you wishing to be called Princess or Prince once in your lifetime for this Exclusive journey?
Because if you do... This probably suit to your taste! Because, Osaka Castle will make your dream
come true! OMG! As in Oh My Good news!
When you heard the word Osaka Castle? What really comes in to your mind? And how does it really
excite you? Are you not being proud to be able to experience the unforgettable moment you are
going to have rooming ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A place where you can rent a costumes to take picture's with. And a place where you are able to find
out the Legend and mystery of this castle. And aside from that, they also have a theater to enjoy
with, that is featuring 5 programs about the life of Toyotomi Hideyoshi a man who who has a
biggest contribution to the history.
The Second part of this castle shows the display panels, views about the facts and figures of the
Osaka Castle. The offices, replica's and you will have a chance to glance the Osaka castle history.
The third floor and fourth floor, are the private counter part of Hideyoshi Toyotomi. Suddenly, no
camera's allowed. The fifth floor, are scenes during the summer war of Osaka. And last but not the
least is the Stereoscope area where you can probably view the Famous naniwa, the three
dimensional landscape of Old Osaka Castle.
Aren't this convincing enough? For you to have a good traveled experience? What are you still
waiting for? Don't be late to pursue your happy bonding moments at Osaka Castle. Your happiness
is rely in

Motte and Bailey Castles Evolution

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