Anthony Pinnn Rap Music

Anthony Pinnn Rap Music
Throughout the book Noise and Spirit: The religious and spiritual sensibilities of Rap Music,
Anthony Pinn describes the sacred elements inherent to hip hop. In his discussion of gospel and
blues music, he claims gospel occupies a 'sacred' space since it directly addresses religious themes,
while blues contains 'seductive rhythms' and contemporary themes (Pinn 8, 9). While Pinn believes
'secular' and 'sacred' divide is messy and many musical forms occupy both religious and
contemporary spaces, I was curious as to why some forms of hip hop were deemed 'sacred' while
others were determined 'secular' (Pinn 17). Through this essay, I will propose my definition of these
terms in context of hip hop and provide a justification for why rap is often ... Show more content on
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According to Pinn, the purpose of spirituals was to express African culture and disseminate black
consciousness (Pinn 7). Similarly, gospel music is often sung in congregations, rooted in religious
symbolism and evangelism, and changed the aesthetic of black worship since the 1970s (Pinn 9).
However, unlike spirituals and gospels, which occupy the 'sacred' space (Pinn 4), rap music is
considered 'secular' by many. Rap artists, as Pinn states frequently, are heavily influenced by
religion and have recently adopted the role in providing a social consciousness for postindustrial
youth (Pinn 11). While rap contains sexism and vulgar language that cause many to believe it should
not be deemed 'sacred', many gospels and religious texts promote the same messages of sexism and
homophobia, but are still deemed 'sacred' and embraced by many (Pinn 18). Additionally, the
'sacred'/'secular' divide cannot be made given the invocation of religious themes or prayer, since
many rap songs contain transparent spiritual influences (Pinn 3). Conversely, rap's tendency to
provide criticism of capitalism and discrimination does not sufficiently merit rap's 'secular'
characterization, since spirituals of enslaved Americans lambasted the concepts of ownership and
hardships inherent to the plantation
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Personal Reflection
I slept through the cry and pain and woke up with joy knowing I would be alright when I receive the
Doctor's report. The genesis of my book initiated in the 7th grade, a kidney condition that could
possibly end my life instead gave me life. I grew up in church, however, I did not value nor
understand the rituals. As I matured, I adapted a unique personality. I built walls to prevent hurt. In
secret, I cared and loved, yet I thought speaking hateful and bitter words would showcase my
boldness; I associate boldness with aggression. The struggles I faced, included me, myself and I
against the world because I did not want to worry my parents. In Addition, I humbled myself and
went before the Lord in prayer, promising that I would change. A few weeks later, I received my
healing and continued leaving in ungratefulness and doubt. A shift occurred when I joined
Generation Next (bible club) at North Miami Beach Senior High school. I battled depression once
again. For the first time I enjoyed school because I kept my mind occupied with work.
Unexpectedly, walking into bible club feeling hopeless, a guest speaker spoke about how our
communication with God required honesty even though He knows it all. That evening at home,
while opening my bible I said these words; "Lord if you see my ache whatever I lay my figures upon
will filled this voided". I landed on psalm 29: 11: "The Lord give strength to his people and bless
them with peace." Since that day, I decided to walk with Christ and

Gospel Music As A Genre Of Christian Music
Ever think about what the real definition of Gospel music is? Gospel music is a genre of Christian
music. Gospel is the term used for the first four books of the New Testament, describing the life,
death, and resurrection of Jesus. The word gospel means good news which is derived from the
Greek word ε ὐαγγέλιον. Gospel music serves many purposes such as aesthetic pleasures and
religious purposes and as an entertainment product for the market. Gospel music consists of a strong
harmony and Christian lyrics.
Gospel music became known around the 17t h century and rooted in the black tradition. Hand
clapping and foot stomping are often associated when gospel music is playing. Most of the singing
during that time was a cappella in other words with no music. The first use of the term "Gospel Song
"was in 1874. Some of the original gospel songs were written and composed by autho rs such as
George Root, William Howard Doane and Fanny Crosby.
In the slavery era many slave owners did not allow slaves to use traditional african instruments ,
sing or play their native music. As a result many of the words and melodies were forgotten and
vanished in North America. A new style of music emerged from this limitation. The church allowed
many slaves to express their feelings through gospel songs. Many slaves were not allowed to attend
but met secretly anyway.
The best part about gospel music tradition was the use of a choir. The church choir members
consisted of volunteer singers from the

Comtemplative
Life of San Pedro Calungsod
Blessed Pedro Calungsod (c. 1654 – April 2, 1672) was a young Roman Catholic Filipino sacristan
and missionary catechist, who along with Spanish Jesuit missionary Blessed Diego Luis de San
Vitores, suffered religious persecution and martyrdom on Guam for their missionary work in 1672.
Calungsod was beatified on March 5, 2000 by Blessed Pope John Paul II. On February 18, 2012,
Pope Benedict XVI officially announced at Saint Peter's Basilica that Calungsod will be canonised
on October 21, 2012.
Pedro was just one of the boy catechists who went with San Vitores from the Philippines to the
Ladrones Islands in the western North Pacific Ocean in 1668 to evangelize the ... Show more
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The victim of all this invasion is the traditional Faith, the traditional moral standards, the cultural
ways of life and behavior which 400 years of Christianity have tried to make part of the Filipinos'
way of life.
Against the attacks on Christian life, against the prevailing lack of commitment to anything beyond
material gain in contemporary culture, against the confusion and relativism of post–modernism, the
unrestrained struggle for wealth and pleasure of the global culture preached by the media, we can
place before the eyes of the young a role model of commitment to Christ and to his Gospel. We can
invoke the intercession of a 17–year–old native Filipino to pray for, inspire and lead young people to
a new understanding and love for Christ and his way, to a willingness to give witness to what the
Gospel teaches, to a readiness by a young person to give his life for Christ and his Church.
More: in an age when, as Pope John Paul II has said, youth in the Philippines must be willing to
bravely proclaim their Christian Faith, both at home and even in other lands, what more splendid
thing can be done than to give a concrete young person, catechist and missionary who is alive in the
Crucified and Risen Christ today, for our young people to know, to pray to, to imitate?
Christmas & New Year's Vacation
Blessed Day! It was a vacation but most important it is the birth of

Hip-Hop Music, Blues, Rap, And Gospel
Music is an art that puts sounds together in a way that people like or find interesting. Most music
includes people singing with their voices or playing musical instruments, such as the piano, guitar,
or drums .In 1000 CE Guido D'Arezzo made many improvements in music theory. He first
improved and reworked standard notation to be more user–friendly by adding time signatures.The
music that is most appealing is Hip–Hop, Rhythm & Blues, Rap, and Gospel. All these have an
effect on what life should be like.
Hip–Hop In the 1970s, an underground urban movement known as Hip–Hop began to develop in the
South Bronx in New York City. It focused on breakbeats and house parties.Hip–Hop is appealing by
telling the truth about something that deal with

Ralph Carmichael: The Father Of Contemporary Christian Music
From the beginning of times, music has played an important role in everyone's life. At first, it started
with drum–based and percussion instruments made out of what was available as rocks and sticks.
Our ancestors proved that human beings have an innate need of music. Nowadays, no one teaches a
baby to follow the beat of a song, he just naturally lets his body get involved with the rhythm. Since
the prehistoric era to Christian times, several forms of music have developed leaving a trail to new
genres of music. For Christianity, hymns and plainchants were the first forms of music considered as
a worship to God. As time passed by, Christian music has evolved giving way to new and fresh
sounds. If we look up in the bible, the first song ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to their website, their songs express who God is and who we are in Him; capturing new
and fresh expressions of worship.
All these new Christian groups understand that Christian music is not longer for only the followers
of Jesus, but by anyone who enjoys the melody, lyrics and instrumentation. It has changed from
hymns to gospel to many other subgenres. Christian music includes rock, metal, alternative rock,
punk, country music, folk music, adult contemporary, Progressive Southern Gospel, hip hop,
electronic music, Gospel blues, Urban contemporary gospel, Christian pop music, instrumental,
Christian jazz, and Christian

Evangelism: From Paul to Modern-Day Korea
The Evangelism Theology of Paul
Apostle Paul was a man who dedicated himself to the evangelism, church planting, and disciple
making. This author will examine the biblical answers of relationship evangelism for contemporary
churches through the research on Paul's ministry revealed in Acts.
Synagogue–centered Evangelism
The main concern of Paul to witness God's gospel was on the Jews (Rom. 1:16). It approves why he
visited synagogues whenever he went to each towns. Except for Philippi , he mostly employed
synagogues strategically as contact points to deliver Good News.
Synagogues were the adequate place to meet the religious needs of dispersed Jews (Diaspora). In the
time of Jesus, Diaspora Jews were more than Jews in Canaan. About ... Show more content on
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For last two decades, Korea accepted more than one million foreign workers mostly from China,
South Asia countries, and Middle East. If some of those immigrant workers are evangelized, they
will give significant influence on their homeland where is harsh atmosphere against Christianity and
missionaries. With exception of immigrant workers, cities is mission field through relationship
evangelism because most residents shows their life–needs and concerns and evangelists can pray for
and help seekers in several ways.
Evangelism through Miracles Acts is full of 'Sings and Wonders' to indicate the message of
Christianity which proclaims the salvation and recovery of a whole human as well as the conquest
over the Satan's trial. In the ministry of Paul, miracles appeared in Iconium (Acts 14:3), Lystra (Acts
14:10), Philippi (Acts 16:18), and Troas (Raising up Eutychus from the dead, Acts 20:10). The signs
and wonders in Iconium aroused the attention of people to create followers of gospel and its
objectors at the same time. It shows that miracles of God create benevolent and malevolent
responses of recipients as Jesus did. The healing of a paralyzed man in Lystra made residents show
cordial welcome to Paul. Expelling an evil spirit, ironically, caused the imprisonment of Paul and
Silas in Philippi. Consequently, most signs and wonders proved that Paul's ministry and messages
are God's redemptive ministry and miracles performed by God to spread

Gospel Music Research Paper
Gospel music, one of the most well–known genres in the black community, has been used as a tool
of expression and encouragement for generations. While gospel music was nothing more then what
some would call black spirituals slaves sung as they worked, as the course of history changed gospel
music began evolving with it. The rise of gospel music opened doorways to not only embrace black
culture, but to celebrate their religion. Gospel music is historically and personally significant
because it is an escape when times get rough, it is freedom, and it encourages. The roots of gospel
music spread back far into history. It all began in 1619 when African Americans were brought over
to North America, more specifically a British Colony by the name ... Show more content on
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Between 1945–1965, a new age, the Golden Age of Gospel begins. During this time span, many
historical events regarding black history were taking place. This was post–World War II era; Jackie
Robinson had breached color lines in baseball. This was only the beginning of achievements for the
black race. In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in schools was unconstitutional
in accordance to the Brown v. Board of Education case. The rest of this era was comprised of events
regarding the Civil Rights Movement. During these times of achievement as well as civil upset and
unrest, gospel music became overwhelmingly popular. People needed something hang on to during
these troubling times. A new voice in the world of gospel music by the name of Mahalia Jackson
came to the light. She was one of the most prominent artist during this time. She created a style of
music that a many people could appreciate and relate to. She sung about the storms faced in life, and
how valuable these experiences can be. Given the social climate of this time and the struggles being
faced by the black community, it is no surprise that people needed something to keep encouraging
them. Gospel music was something black people could use as a tool to keep persisting through this
challenging stage of their freedom process. Something to take note of is that throughout history
blacks have been in bondage in so many ways, but the one thing that could never be taken was their
music. Music was the most solid freedom this race of people has ever

Essay on History of Rap
History of Rap The most popular and influential form of African–American pop music of the 1980's
and 1990's, rap is also one of the most controversial styles of the rock era. And not just among the
guardians of cultural taste and purity that have always been counted among rock 'n' roll's chief
enemies––Black, White, rock and soul audiences continue to fiercely debate the musical and social
merits of rap, whose most radical innovations subverted many of the musical and cultural tenets
upon which rock was built. Antecedents of rap are easy to find in rock with other kinds of music.
Music is often used to tell a story, often with spoken rhymes over instruments and rhythms. Talking
blues, spoken passages of sanctified prose in gospel, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Jamaican DJ's (DJ Kool Herc has been credited as the first) mixed sounds from several turntables,
devices that would become a rap trademark. Although mixing from large sounds systems began to
be employed at New York house parties in the 1970s, it didn't really emerge as a recorded sound
until the Sugarhill Gang's "Rapper's Delight" in 1979. While many critics and listeners shrugged the
song aside as a fluke novelty hit, the early rap sound––usually composed of slangy, boastful spoken
rhymes over basic bass and percussion grooves––continued to spread in the early '80s, due in large
part to the efforts of the Sugarhill label itself. Grandmaster Flash's hard–hitting 1982 single, "The
Message," really stands as rap's watershed mark, with a massive impact belied by its relatively
modest peak on the pop charts. No longer could rap be ignored as a frivolous microgenre; here was
straight up social commentary, reporting from the front lines of the ghetto with more immediacy
than almost any newspaper or television broadcast. From it's inception, rap indured a lot of hostility
from listeners––many, but not all, White––who found the music too harsh, monotonous, and lacking
in traditional melodic values. However, millions of others––often, though not always, young
African–Americans from underprivileged inner city backgrounds––found and immediate connection
with the style. Here was poetry of the

The Influence of Gospel Music Essay
Gospel music has been around for a hundred of years. Gospel music is highly emotional evangelical
vocal music that originated among African American Christians in the southern United States and
was a strong influence in the development of soul music. (Gospel Music) Gospel music quite
evolved from the songs slaves sang on plantations notably work songs, and from the Protestant
hymns they sang in church. However in the 19th century, spiritual hymns transfer into gospel music,
which started the golden age of gospel music began turning in a new direction. Gospel music also
influences different type music styles that people have today. People are change by the music of
gospel music and find inspiration to go through life. From the times of ... Show more content on
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By the early 1930s he had turned his attention entirely too religious music. (Tanner) During the
1930's and 1940s Dorsey worked with two influential figures, Mahalia Jackson and Sallie Martin. In
addition he toured the country as a performer and lecturer and wrote some 500–gospel songs
including "There Will Be Peace in the Valley" and "Precious Lord, Take My Hand." By the mid –
1930's, the appeal of gospel music within black culture was quite evident, and commercial record
companies wishing to capitalize on its popularity soon embraced it. Radio stations and the major
radio networks featured its music on their live broadcasts. These attempts at mass marketing quickly
led to a sense of specialize among the performers. By the onset of World War II a small but growing
cadre of people made their living singing, writing, or promoting black gospel music. (Tanner)
The new gospel music composed by Dorsey and others proved very important among quartets, who
began turning in a new direction. Groups such as the Dixie Hummingbirds, Pilgrim Travelers, Soul
Stirrers, Swan Silverstones, Sensational Nightingales and Five Blind Boys of Mississippi introduced
even more stylistic freedom to the close harmonies of jubilee style, adding "ad libs" and using
repeated short phrases in the background to maintain a rhythmic base for the innovations of the lead
singers. Individual singers also stood out more as jubilee turned

Feudalism In The Middle Ages
The fall of the Roman Empire culminated various outcomes that civilians never inaugurated to
accost. The Middle Ages notorious for the knights in shining armor and contemporary theological
views, in reality, impacted Western Europe heinously. Although the Middles Ages is known for its
theological and structurally changes to the world, it better merits the title "Dark Ages" as a result of
the bubonic plague, an unstable feudalist system and destructive crusades. The bubonic plague was
the reception of diseased fleas that stuck to trade goods from Eastern Asia. The result was
casthostophic. Many of the infected were covered in contagious bumps. Middle Age medications
and practices were useless against this disease, resulting in about ¾ of ... Show more content on
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Forthwith, they joyfully rushed into the city to pursue and kill the nefarious enemies, as their
comrades were already doing. Some Saracens, Arabs, and Ethiopians took refuge in the tower of
David, others fled to the temples of the Lord and of Solomon...Many fled to the roof of the temple
of Solomon and were shot with arrows so that they fell to the ground dead. In this temple, almost ten
thousand were killed. Indeed, if you had been there you would have seen our feet colored to our
ankles with the blood of the slain. But what more shall I relate? None of them were left alive;
neither women nor children were spared." (Fulcher)
What's gruesome is the account that none were spared, not even the children. Christians understood
the pain and loss at the hands of many roman Leader like Nero who burned Roman to the ground
and had many Christians burned. There was history of the pain and suffering that their ancestors
witness as a result of miscommunication and ignorance to understand. Though Christians did not
want history to repeat, they istead themselves brought an act of violence upon the world killing

Annotated Bibliography Hypertension Control And Management...
Annotated Bibliography: Hypertension Control and Management in African Americans
Hypertension (HTN) is a growing concern for many individuals in the United States today. As an
African American with both parents diagnosed with HTN and on current blood pressure
medications, it is vital that I recognize and educate myself on the contributing factors that could lead
to HTN and its preventive measures. I first began to recognize and pay attention to my blood
pressure in middle school. In order to play any sport, it was required to have a physical on file.
Every time I went to have my blood pressure checked, the nurses or health care professionals taking
my blood pressure would show concern on how high it was. I could not understand; I was a year–
round athlete, fit, in shape, and drank plenty of water. I was defined as a healthy individual, yet I
was constantly being plagued by high blood pressure (HBP). Moving along to high school, I
enrolled in pre–nursing courses. It was always embarrassing when we would practice manual blood
pressures and the students would get a high reading for me. They would then ask the instructor to
check in case they were not recording my blood pressure correctly. My instructor would then look at
me and state, "you have high BP, wow LaAstreia; you are too young." From then on, I became
anxious and self–conscious whenever my blood pressure would be checked. Recognizing this as
potentially hereditary, I knew I had to take extra precautions to

A Reflection Of Kirk Franklin's Life
Kirk Dwayne Franklin was born January 26, 1970 in Forth Worth, Texas. Kirk Franklin has been
one of the most influential gospel artists since his debut in 1993. Franklin lived a troublesome
childhood. He was abandoned by his mother and did not know who his father is. In his song, "Let It
Go" he states, "My momma gave me up when I was four years. She didn't destroy my body but she
killed my soul" His gospel music became a reflection of his testimony. Though Kirk Franklin faced
a plethora of obstacles as a child, he was able to overcome them with his faith in God and his Aunt
Gertrude who took him in at four years old and believed in him. Kirk Franklins gospel music
appeals to Black Gospel, Urban, Gospel, and Contemporary Gospel style. Kirk Franklins childhood
experiences, skills and urge for change in the Christian culture inspired him to become one of the
best gospel artist in the world.
Kirk Franklins Aunt, Gertrude, put him in piano classes as a child. She believed in God and made ...
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According to John Morthland, who wrote an article called Kirk Franklins Cover Story in the Texas
Monthly journal, it stated, "In January the Fort Worth natives 1993's debut... was still at the top of
the gospel charts. It had more than a million copies, making it the first platinum A ever by a gospel
artist." His first album, Kirk Franklin & The Family, was a massive success. The album did better
than expected. The album spent over 100 weeks on the gospel charts and soon became an R&B hit.
One of the biggest hits on the album was the song, "Why We Sing." The album offered a smooth,
calm, pop adjacent style of gospel. However, Kirk Franklins album called, "The Nu Nation Project,"
which came out in 1998, was his bestselling album. Kirk Franklin decided to broaden his contracted
stars and added artist like Bono and Mary J. Blige to the album. In this album, he addressed issues
like Aids/HIV and

Female Voices of 1865-1912
Abstract In this essay I will discuss and analyze the social forces that influenced American women
writers of the period of 1865 to 1912. I will describe the specific roles female authors played in this
period and explain how the perspectives of female authors differed from their male contemporaries.
INTRODUCTION As the United States was continuing recovering from the Civil War and
embracing the expansion of the West, industrialization, immigration and the growth of cities,
women's roles in America were changing by the transformation of this new society. During the
period of 1865–1912, women found themselves challenging to break the political structure, power
holders, cultural practices and beliefs in their "male" dominated world. ... Show more content on
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544–555).
Pauline Elizabeth Hopkins, Contending Forces (1900), characters articulate views on race problem,
full identity and citizenship. Baym (2008) describes Mark Twain's The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead
Wilson (1894) as: "a dark and troubling view of the nineteenth century American values in a
Mississippi river town of the 1830's and centered on the switching of two babies born on the same
day–one the result of miscegenation, the other the legitimate son of a white slave owner. Twain's
purpose for writing this story is to reveal the absurdities of slavery and its victims and victimizers
alike–the underserved self–hate of slaves and the unearned pride of whites. The way in which Twain
portrays the twinning of law and customs in sustaining the institution of slavery indicates his despair
over prospects for true racial equality, a despair supported by the realities of Jim Crow laws and the
escalation of lynching in the post Reconstruction Period (p. 96).
Publication of books and periodical revealed to the public the problems that women endured within
their homes, education, labor, and health. In a male dominant society, men premeditated what roles
women should play at home. Women were perceived as weaker than men, unable to think for
themselves and their opinions were view as useless. Male dominating view of a woman's role was to
have no other aspirations but to take care of her husband, family and home.

The Golden Era Of Hip Hop Was A Period In The 80S And Early
The Golden Era of Hip Hop was a period in the 80s and early 90s characterized by its diversity,
innovation, and cultural influence. Hip Hop is considered to have been born in 1973, in South
Bronx, New York by Jamaican–born Kool DJ Herc (Blanchard, B, 1999). He used a turntable
technique at a Halloween party, which eventually became extremely popular at every party scene.
The term "breakdancing" came to life shortly after. Rhymes over hip hop music, also known as rap,
began first as a commentary of the ability of the DJ. MCs introduced DJs and their songs. This
rhythmic music produced by DJs at parties combined with an increase of break dancers, graffiti
artists, and importance of MCs, created what we know today as the culture of hip hop. ... Show more
Rap was called "the black CNN" by rapper Chuck D because they were reporting issues within the
inner city community through mainstream media. This idea of rap as "the black CNN" can be seen
from the descendance of rapper as griots. Griots were the keepers and purveyors of of knowledge,
which included tribal history, family lineage, news of birth and death, and war (Blanchard, B, 1999).
Rappers create songs that through performance and recordings, allows it to spread worldwide about
their lives, dreams, and discontents. They are the voice of poor, urban African American youth
whose lives are usually misrepresented or dismissed by mainstream media. Rappers become the
keepers of contemporary African– American working–class history and concerns.
Public Enemy's lyrics were dissected by critics in light of Chuck D's statement. Their song called
Fight the Power, recorded in 1989, caused uproar because of the blunt attacks of celebrities such as
Elvis Presley and John Wayne. They called these two celebrities out on being racist instead of being
a hero to them, Public Enemy or it could be generalized to the black community, as they were to
everyone else. This song created a unified message that could apply to everyone, not just the African
American community. Beneath the lyrics lie powerful messages about history and politics. When
people listen and don't understand the lyrics, it causes them to maybe want to do research to be more
informed. Rappers such

Similarities Between Jazz And Hip-Hop Music
This paper will highlight the similarities between jazz and hip–hop music. African–American
cultural forms and developments are as vast as they are diverse. However, because of white
America's consistently racist and oppressive treatment of people of color in this country there are
certain commonalities between African–American cultures as a result of this continuous
subordination. I am going to display some of these existing similarities within hip–hop and jazz
cultures. Albeit they are both musically and culturally different, each emerging out of a specific
historical moment with its own distinct musical and cultural practices, there exists enough
similarities between that two that it seems a comparison is indeed beneficial in understanding and
examining American society in general. The similarities between the two African–American cultures
is also quite great. I will ask and answer questions such as: what were the effects the urban ghettos
from which both of these cultures arose out of had upon their initial development, and what are
some ways in which the music of both of these cultures is a form of alternative and self–
empowering language?
Throughout the history of this country, the music of Afro–Americans has remained a strong
influence upon our society and culture. Beginning with the music carried over from Africa with the
slaves, up until now, with the new styles created by urban youth today, African–Americans have
retained certain elements within their music which

The History Of Motown
Music was tied to the black identity because of the historical significance that songs had. Slaves had
not lost their interest in music when the owners forced them to work on plantations, and their songs
were one of the few things that slave owners could not take away from them. [!crendentials] Eileen
Southern discussed how slaves were part of the musical tradition even during the colonial era.
Slaves sang their own music for recreation, but they also sang psalms and hymns from the Bible and
performed for their masters. While living in captivity, music was one of the few areas of life in
which slaves had autonomy. In addition to having group time away from their physical tasks, the
structure of the songs allowed for more bonding because of ... Show more content on
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This exploitation minimized the value of the singers, as they seemed easily replaceable as long as
the next one could sing the same old song and make it a hit on the charts. Despite good integrationist
intentions, the music in this industry was a result of the commoditization of black culture, further
complicating the relationship between the music and the Civil Rights Movement. Listeners would
receive glamorous snapshots of life as a black American, and not garner the complexity of the issues
that existed. On the other hand, using this frame of a neatly packaged life made white audiences
more receptive of black music, allowing them to ease themselves into the idea of

Blonde: Music Analysis
The album Blonde was released on August 20 of 2016 and was debuted as being number one on the
US Billboard 200. The record label of this album is called "Boys Don't Cry" and the producers
include Frank Ocean himself (Executive Producer), Buddy Ross, Francis Starlite, Pharrell Williams
and many more. Similarly to his previous albums, Blonde is a mixture of R&B, psychedelic pop and
soul all within an album. The lyrical melodies, abstract tunes, and gospel elements are some of the
fundamentals that make up this album's genres. While Blonde included the drums, backing vocals,
and violins, the piano and guitar seem to dominate the whole album. Blonde was released four years
after his latest album called Channel Orange. In this album, we can see ... Show more content on
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He begins the track by mentioning acquisitiveness and materialism while singing about the girls
who wish to have "Nikes" and "needs a ring like Carmelo," so they are desperately "looking for a
check." The lyric "All you want is Nikes" also refers to the materialistic mentality of young kids
today who use high–end brands as a status symbol and fashion trends. Ocean also touched upon a
boy named Trayvon Martin singing "R.I.P. Trayvon that n*gga look just like me." Trayvon was a
teen that was fatally shot while reaching for a bag of Skittles in his pocket. This part addresses the
racial injustices that still exist and is occurring on a daily basis. Another song called "Solo" is
another favorite song of mine. "Solo" is sung through the perspective of a solitary artist. In this
chorus where he said "in hell, inhale, there are heaven" ties in with the theme of his drug usage. At
times, Ocean considered drugs as a way to escape reality and the problems surrounding him.
Furthermore, this song signifies the beauty of being in solitary and encourages those to not find
misery in being alone but use this opportunity to find yourself. The simplicity of the instrumentation
and production, consisting of only has an organ and Ocean's voice, truly depicts the overall theme of
this song. Last of all, "Ivy" is a song about the reminiscence of your first love. Young love, a love
where there were no worries or limits. However, fleeting it was bound to happen during a certain
time in your life. But just like the ivy plant, you will discover growth and maturity that wouldn't be
made possible if you did not encounter your first heartbreak. The production of each song gives the
album a very unique and interesting feature. Certain songs seem to have altered voices while some
maintained Ocean's normal voice. Since each song varied in productions, this allows the audience to

Compare And Contrast Mariah Carey And Mariah Carey
How Two Completely Different Artists: Britney Spears and Mariah Carey changed Pop Music? One
is the Pop Princess, one is the ultimate diva of all time, how can I put the two together to write an
essay? Their music may sound miles apart but their influence and impact on the pop music scene is
surely on the same par. At the end of the 80s, in the heydays of Whitney Houston, Janet Jackson, a
new artist emerged from, well practically nowhere, she's Mariah Carey, since her debut, she scored
more hits and sold more records than any other artist yet her impact on the pop music remains rather
obscured. So in this first part of my essay, I'm going to reflect on her legacy by writing about her
key influence and contributions to music. Whether did comparison came naturally from her and
Whitney Houston because they are so vocally alike and Houston is her only rival that can be
compared to Carey at the time period, or because of her many disadvantages in her live
performances, Carey has been a target for criticism ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She wrote or co–wrote all of her number one songs but one – a cover the Jackson 5's hit song I'll Be
There. She is also ranked by Billboard as the third most successful songwriter in the Hot 100's chart
history only behind Paul McCartney and John Lennon. Two of her songs that she have co–written
have been named the Song Of the Decade – We Belong Together and One Sweet Day with the latter
reigning on top of the Hot 100 for 16 weeks, setting the record for the longest running #1 song of all
time. Also, her song Hero was named by many critics as the one of the most inspiration song of all
time thus proving the prowess and how strong is Carey's

Gospel Music Observation Paper
I attended the Sunday service at Tabernacle Baptist Church and made several observations about
gospel music in African American churches. Music is used as a tool of worship and praise as it is
sung at several points of the service. Most of the singing is done during the praise and worship
section of the service. Moreover, gospel music is also used to emphasize on the message of the
preacher. At times the pastor would accompany a crucial point with a song before embarking back
on his sermon. Gospel music is also employed as a transition to prayer, where worship songs are
sang before the congregation engages in prayer.
When responsive kind of music was sang, there was a soloist that led the rest of the congregation
through the song. There is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Donald Lawrence
Lawrence is one of America's great modern–day gospel musician. He is not only a songwriter but
also a record producer and artist. He is has studied music at the college level acquiring a bachelor
degree in music. He has served as a leader in music ministry in churches such as the Southern
Baptist Church on Reading Road. Apart from gospel music he is also a vocal coach and has coached
singers in another genre such as R&B music. However, his musical work is focused on urban gospel
music.
e. Kirk Franklin
Kirk Franklin is an urban gospel musician known for his contribution in the urban contemporary
choir. He is also an author. One of the choirs he has led is 'The Family' which had seventeen
members. Under Kirk's directorship, the choir has recorded many songs in the gospel music
industry.
f. Andrae Crouch
Unlike the above gospel music songwriters and composers, crouch is known to have engaged in
both gospel and secular music. In gospel music, he is regarded as the father of modern gospel music
by most music professionals and contemporary Christians. Most of his gospel works were
characterized by the inclusion of contemporary secular styles of music. Some great compositions are
'My Tribute' and 'Soon and Very

African American Radio Free Radio Case Study
Evan Edwards general sales manager for 102.3 radio free radio has been with the industry for over
10 years now. Evans understands how this business works and operates, on its own rules regulations
and stipulations. Some people outside of the rules of radio might not understand that game, but
when you also add the element of sales to radio things can get hectic and confusing . Edwards
agreed for me to have an actual 24 hour visual of his schedule, while also granting me an exclusive
interview opportunity. While in management position "things become seemingly different some
people may have an issue with your authority but none of that is important what is important is
being sure the company does not get involved or affected with personal issues ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Wherever possible, seek someone who's had at least several years at your company, Edward says.
That way, chances are greater that they'll understand how to be a good sales manager. Tenured
employees are intimate with "the organization strategy, its customers and its mission. Making a
quick transition will create obstacles with peer envy, customer dysfunction and an inability to lead
correctly."
Generally what I gathered through encountering an interview with a prestigious well known
company was primary stakeholders are the individual members that make up your sales team. Your
role as a sales manager is a leadership role. It's now your job to lead the sales force. It's also equally
important to remember that your new quota is the combined quota of all the individual members of
your team. The only way you can reach your quota is by helping them reach theirs.Your
organization is going to make demands of you that will be impossible to

Christian Environmental Ethics
Research Essay: 20876077 Through the study of scripture, Christian movements and the views of
historical and contemporary figures, it can be said that Christian ethical teachings have a significant
influence on the lives of its adherents. A prime example of the effects of these teachings is the nature
and practice of Christian environmental ethics. The Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy defines
environmental ethics as the discipline in philosophy that studies the moral relationship of human
beings to, and also the value and moral status of, the environment and its nonhuman contents.
Although each denomination has its own unique manner of judging ethical understanding, the basic
and fundamental structures of their environmental ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The passage of John 10:11 "I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life for the
sheep" emphasises the importance of animals in the hierarchy of creation and Christian's
responsibility to protect and care for them. The issue of Deforestation has been high on the global
environmental agenda for many years, and remains a serious problem today. In the tropics and many
other parts of the world, nations continue to lose the valuable biodiversity, soil and water
conservation, and climate regulation that natural forests provide. Christianity can only address this
matter by continuing to combine an acceptance of the command to people to 'multiply and replenish
the earth' (Genesis 1:28) with a balancing injunction to act as stewards of the environment. Charities
such as Christian Ecology Link and World Vision work to increase awareness of the current
ecological crisis and encourage adherents to live sustainably and make 'green' consumption choices.
Significant contemporary and historical religious figures have also had been highly influential
towards the ethical attitudes and practices of Christians. The Roman Catholic Church has issued a
number of statements on the environment. In 1985 the German Roman Catholic

Origins Of Today 's Music
Origins of Today 's Music While blues and jazz are musically different, they play a similar role in
the in the musical genres that is heard today. Today, music is divided into many genres such as hip–
hop, easy listening, country, rock and roll or classic rock, etc. Pure blues or jazz is hardly thought of,
as those two genres are not heard as often in today's music. The purpose of this essay is to compare
and contrast the difference between blues and jazz music. Blues and jazz are musical genres, or
styles, which are considered American musical traditions. Blues and jazz are related because the
roots of jazz are from the blues and they both originated from the American south, invented and
practiced by African–Americans. Although they are related, they have distinct differences, both
culturally and musically. These two genres still impact the music that is heard today, and the
confusion of telling the two apart is because of the numerous musical crossovers that artists do these
days.
Cultural Differences Blues Blues developed in the working fields of Georgia, the Carolinas, Texas,
and the Mississippi delta region of the south, specifically southern Mississippi. In an article, Morgan
Freeman, actor and owner of Ground Zero Blues Club, was quoted saying "People working those
cotton fields, they would sing, we call it 'field holler'. You got two or three hundred people out
across the fields answering the call, you know, it's like call–and–response. It's a great work song,

The Pros And Cons Of Poverty In The Bible
Today, urbanized centers throughout the world are becoming increasingly more populated. In these
urban centers and neighborhoods alike, poverty and oppression burdens those that lie within. And,
as Christians, we hold fast to the fact that God hears the cries of these people–he is not ignoring
their pain. In fact, God is qualifying adherents to take up the torch and help make a change for their
fellow man (Baker, 36). We, as humanity, are all flawed, thus we must be willing to help each other.
The Bible says that Christ holds all creation together through the Holy Spirit (Col. 1:17). Thus, we
assert that God is actively working in the world for his purposes. If this is so, believers can hold fast
to the fact that "God has back to theology and the biblical account" (Myers, 53). When first going
about dissecting and proposing solutions pertaining to worldly issues, we must start with the book
that motivates our faith. Without this foundation, are we really relying on our faith or our own finite
knowledge? Therefore, we start with theology or biblical models to solve a problem, especially
creating sustainable development. With that said, what exactly is poverty? Ash Baker puts it well,
"poverty, then, is about a lack of freedom to choose God's Shalom, to live a meaningful life" (35).
Therefore, we are looking at a relational issue rather than solely a monetary issue. We are made in
the image of God that is depicted and rooted in the triune form. If this is the case, human

Impact of Rhythm and Blues on African-American Culture Essay
Rhythm and blues, also known today as "R & B", has been one of the most influential genres of
music within the African American Culture, and has evolved over many decades in style and sound.
Emerging in the late 1940's rhythm and blues, sometimes called jump blues, became dominant black
popular music during and after WWII. Rhythm and blues artists often sung about love, relationships,
life troubles, and sometimes focused on segregation and race struggles. Rhythm and blues helped
embody what was unique about black American culture and validate it as something distinctive and
valuable. The term "rhythm and blues" was coined in 1947 by a white man named Jerry Wexler who
was a reporter, editor, and writer for Billboard Magazine. The record ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
From the 1950's to the 1970's rhythm and blues bands usually consisted of piano, guitars, drums
saxophone, bass, and were sometimes accompanied by background vocalists. New World
Encyclopedia (2008) states As rhythm and blues combined the elements of jazz, gospel music and
the blues, it thus created a very personalized form of melody and rhythm which has become known
as one of the outstanding styles of American music. From jazz and its combination of African black
folk music blended with European folk and pop music, rhythm and blues incorporated the
syncopated beats supported by colorful chordal combinations to mirror the emotions and
experiences of the composer and singer/musician. The term rhythm and blues has had several
different meanings. In the early 1950's it applied to blues records, in the late 1950's it applied to
electric blues along with gospel and soul, in the 1960's it was called soul music, and in the 1970's it
was a blanket term for soul, funk, and disco. Much of the popular electric guitar–led blues bands
like Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, and BB King that came from Memphis and Chicago were
considered rhythm and blues since they appealed to the older demographic. The broadcasting and
recording industries did not solely represent the conquering racial assumptions of the 1950's, they
internalized them and helped to continue them. Racial conventions permeated the organization and
structure of the music industry at every level. The very existence

Rapper's Delight: The Sugarhill Gang
Abstract
"I said the hip hop, Hippie to the hippie, the hip, hip hop, and you don't stop, a rock it to the bang,
bang boogie, say you jump the boogie, to the rhythm of the boogie, the beat." "Rapper's Delight" is
a song recorded in 1979 by American hip hop trio The Sugarhill Gang. It was the original 12–inch
single was 15 minutes of undeniable urban–playboy bragging. While it was not the first single to
feature rapping, it is generally considered to be the song that first popularized hip hop in the United
States and around the world. "Love, love me do, you know I love you, I'll always be true, so please,
love me do, whoa, love me do." "Love Me Do" was recorded by The Beatles in 1962. "Love Me
Do" an irresistible favorite for lovers of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hip Hop music had been around for about twenty years in the United Sates, but it was usually heard
at block parties and discos where DJs would loop breakbeats and MCs would add live vocals.
What is Hip Hop?
Hip Hop was born in the neighborhood, where young people gathered in parks, on playgrounds, and
street corners, to speak poetry over mechanical sounds and borrowed melodies. Hip Hop was always
bigger than just the music; it was also break dancing, the gymnastic dance style that valued
improvised, angular athleticism over choreographed fluidity. Hip hop was also fashion such as: hats,
jackets, gold chains, and brand sneakers. Hip Hop was graffiti, to a new way of expression that
employed spray paint as the medium and subway walls as the canvas.
Today's hip hop have changed as where the DJ was once is now the producer as the key music
maker, and the park was once is now a studio.
Beginning of Rap & Hip Hop
The roots of hip hop are found in African American and West African music. The griots of West
Africa are a group of traveling singers and poets, whose musical style is reminiscent of hip hop and
who are part of an oral tradition dating back hundreds of years. Griots were the keepers and
purveyors of knowledge, including tribal history, family lineage, and news of births, deaths and
wars. They would spread knowledge in an accessible form the spoken words to members of their
tribal villages.
As history and culture evolved so has hip

Beyonce Persuasive Speech
"Swing Low Sweet Chariot" has been said to be a favorite song of secular music star Beyonce. To
some this may come as an incredibly shocking revelation as Ms. Knowles lyrics and public antics
often are seen as everything but the acts of a true Christian woman. It is also a known fact that the
things one partakes in during their youth greatly shapes the rest of their lives. Beyonce growing up
in the church is reflected to the public by one of her favorite songs being a classic gospel song.
"When you grow up in such a positive place, you are sure to have many great memories stemming
from that place. That place just happens to be my home church back in Texas." The sixteen time
Grammy winner is not such a stand out when it comes to getting her ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Taking it further back the blacks have always looked at singing as a cultural past time for decades
now and have always had a talent for such a thing. Though the culture bred such talented singers
they were usually not allowed to perform for mass public audiences and were limited to the church
only. The common question is why would they leave, forget about, and repeatedly disrespect the
church? Well that is a question for another paper but there is no question that it happens and that the
leaders of it are often people of color who have nothing to thank but the church for their rise to
power and fame.
In closing the church is to thank for so many innovations of today and the contemporary music that
us youngsters jam to and the soul that everybody mother and father grew up on. So many people
other than singer are influenced without ever knowing what took place. Many so called music
enthusiasts such as myself would have never known these truths without this current class. Even
though many great singers have come through the church and shaped secular music, I will be much
prouder of my culture when someone can come through the church and potentially reshape

Summary Of ' Leadership Next '
"Leadership next" is an excellent book which has summarized most of the common challenges that
we face in today's ministry. I enjoy this book very much when I was reading it. Though there are
many information and data in the book, yet I can relate very well to most of the issues that he has
discussed, and I wish that my church elders and intern have the opportunity to read this book as
well. One of the challenges we face in our church is the generation and culture diversity. I find it
encouraging as Gibbs also sees that the coexistence of the multiple generations as a blessing not a
curse.
We are a small Chinese PCA church in New York City that consists of sixty peoples. Our
congregation evenly spreads across the age from 0 to 60. We ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Personal friendship is vital to our leadership team as failure and mistake cannot be avoided in such a
fast–pace unpredictable ministry. A lot of the time decision has to be made right on the spot in the
mission work. There is no time to gather everyone to reach a consensus. When mission work goes
well, everyone will be filled with great joy. Yet when thing goes wrong it will become a spiritual
trial. Do we see it as a necessary part of the learning process? or do we only care about right and
wrong? Do we see people more important than task? As Gibbs has suggested making mistake is a
vital part of learning, and no leader can stop learning. The day we stop from making any mistake is
the date we stop leading.
Moreover, God calls us to make disciple. People should be far more important than task and project.
Simply running around and get occupied by activities do not mean we are leading people to a deeper
relationship with God. Spending quality time with our congregation and our neighbor is a must to
build up a missional church. If we do not know how they struggle spiritually in the world, then how
can we lead them with gospel wisdom? Gibbs states that the church leaders must have significant
life experience in the secular world. We find it very true in our own ministry. Those who can only
talk but fail to walk produce more trouble than good to the church. Ministry is disciple making not
decision making. The church leaders must earn the trust from the congregation

Essay on Personal Experience: Sunday Worship
I entered into the worship service, unaware of what to expect. I was not familiar with this church, it
was a non–denominational church, but the pastor had his roots in the A.M.E. Zion Church and
branched out to establish his own church. I walked into the sanctuary prepared to participate in the
Sunday School. I found a seat and readied myself to engage in some meaningful discussion. After
sitting for several minutes, I asked one of the gentlemen who was standing at the front of the church
if they had already started and where was the lesson coming from. He looked at his watch and
indicated that he didn't know if we had time for Sunday School. A puzzled look came over my face
and I couldn't help but express my confusion as I looked at ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Far too often, in this emerging new culture, we want to treat God as friend, and not as creator and
sustainer. Humans are flawed fleshly beings, therefore whenever in the true presence of God a
transformation from old to new should occur. We should feel so convicted about our transgressions
until we have an earnest desire to change. The flesh dies and slowly loses control of our lives,
leaving the Holy Spirit to freely dwell. Ironically enough the next topic he mentioned was praise. He
talked about a song which was sung by the choir "Praise is what we do" and he couldn't understand
the relevance behind these words. Once again, I slowly raised my hand and injected that praise is
what we do, worship transcends beyond these parameters as an act of honoring and revering God.
Worship is the entire church experience. Before I could elaborate further, he quickly indicated it was
time to close out and we didn't have time for further discussion. This Sunday School experience
demonstrated the necessity for us to educate those persons who uphold leadership positions in the
Church. If the Sunday school teacher had simply taken the time to research the answers to his
questions, he would have been properly equipped to lead the discussion. It saddened me to realize
that in essence it was the blind leading the blind. In a situation such as this, it is imperative that

Gospel Music Research Paper
The Progression from spirituals to "Black" Gospel Music
Many people would refer to gospel music as religious songs or songs regarding to life as a Christian.
Gospel music varies, which gives an alternative to Christian music with a mix of secular music.
With it being many styles of Christian music, the performance, the lyrics, instruments and the
formation, gives gospel music different meanings. To most, gospel is simply thanks and praise and
worship to the Lord. The establishment of gospel goes way back with European and African roots.
The first known use of "gospel" was in 1874 when a European songwriter named Philip P. Bliss
titled a songbook as "Gospel Songs. Tribal African music was highly different than European music
in major ways. Europeans ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Dorsey is responsible for discovering and nurturing the career of the world's first gospel superstar,
Mahalia Jackson" (Ayubu 11). Mahalia Jackson, known as the "Queen of Gospel" was the first
famous gospel singer. "According to Dorsey, she asked him to coach her, and for two months they
worked together on technique and repertoire. They would tour together in the 1940s" (TMCod).
Mahalia wanted to sing gospel and who was better to help her with this? Mahalia describes gospel
music as "The blues are songs of despair, but gospel songs are the songs of hope" ("Make a Joyful
Noise: The Spread of Gospel Music"). Not only did he create the first famous gospel singer, but also
the first gospel choir and choruses. Thomas Dorsey made the first black gospel publishing company
called Dorsey's House of Music founded his own gospel choir and was the founder and was also the
first president of the National convention of Gospel Choir and Choruses. "Dorsey had a fellow blues
musician that helped him with his publishing business, which became so successful that people
nationwide called any piece of gospel sheet music a "Dorsey" (TMCod). One of Dorsey's friend's
decided to help him to publish and Dorsey was so unique people named sheet music after him.
Mahalia Jackson died January 27, 1972 and Thomas Dorsey died January 23,

The History of Gospel Music Essay
Music is an important aspect of every society. Music can tell stories, release emotions, build bridges
and break down barriers, but above all music is entertaining. There are various forms of music but
not many have as rich a history as gospel music. The importance of gospel music has been relevant
in American music for more than a century and its importance to society is still relevant to this day
(See Appendix A). Gospel music helped slaves escape to freedom and paved the way for other styles
of music. It promotes a spirit of hope and provided an outlet to worship God. So how exactly has
Gospel music impacted today's society? Music has been relevant in Christianity since its beginnings.
Some of the first ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Spirituals were not only "sung to keep spirits up" (Thompson 9), but were used as coded messages
to give directions for where to go or how to proceed to freedom in the North. The slave owners
believed that the slaves were happy because they sang church songs and they praised God but little
did they know, that the slaves were secretly communicating. For instance, during the Underground
Railroad, songs like "Follow the Drinkin' Gourd,' 'Wade in the Water,' and 'Swing Low, Sweet
Chariot,' all directly refer to secret code about using the Underground Railroad." As many as
100,000 slaves escaped by means of this method (Thompson 9).
When President Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation in 1862, over twenty million
Americans, both black and white moved out of the southern United States. This move as stated by
Whitaker, "transformed religion, American popular culture, racial hierarchies, American
conservative and the nature of American regions." During this revolutionary movement, "Baptist
and Pentecostal churches" and music, such as jazz, blues and gospel, spread. Spirituals were not
known by anywhere else in the country other than in the south until that time (570).
Spirituals were used and recorded by producers and different artists. A group of college students
called, "the Jubilee Singers," from Fisk University sang Spirituals to parts of the United States and

Gospel music Essay
Gospel Music Gospel music began in the cotton fields of the old south. It originates from slaves
singing songs of freedom about Jesus and has integrated into today's music. Gospel music is a
standard version of sanctified music that has encouraged Christian beliefs and stimulated the
practice of Christian ethical principles, both inside the context of worship services and as music
entertainment. Gospel music began with Thomas A. Dorsey, the Father of Gospel Music. Gospel,
mean "good news," it was given the name because of the books of the Old Testament with the
gospels.1 Gospel music is mostly American music reflected by significant songs. Gospel music was
created as a type of Christian worship and spiritual singing which is associated ... Show more
1bostoncommunitychoir.org/history–of–gospel–music.htm
2Afgen: The History of Gospel
For hundreds of years has Gospel music been around it has been an influence in the development of
gospel music. For many of the Gospel singers of today the founding fathers of Gospel music has
paved the way for them to become recognized in their style of music. Gospel music also impacts and
changed the type music styles that people have today. People are changed by the music of gospel
music and find reason, hope and an inspiration to go through life. 2
It is without uncertainty gospel music has played a vital role in society. Since the times of slavery,
spiritual hymns, known as gospel music today, expresses the emotion for the Americans and others
who search for a higher power or God they believe can comfort their inner soul. Gospel music has
given many a way to save their lives from the cares of this world and save the lives of love ones and
friends.
"Gospel music is a popular adaptation of sacred music that has promoted Christian beliefs and
encouraged the practice of Christian ethical principles, both within the framework of worship
services and as a form of musical entertainment".2 There are many ways to use music and shape it
to how we want to hear it. Gospel music has become a way of salvation to some of its listeners. The
Church uses gospel music to imitate the Holy Spirit into its

Ella Baker Research Paper
The Great Civil Right Leader Ella Baker
As is experienced to bodily clan in the new world are overjoyed of their sounder rights as an
American nowadays. However, the merit was not given inherently, yet was won by a doom of
movements and revolutions by large amount free to all what is coming to one heroes in the invent,
glorious upheaval of history. As claimed by Joseph Campbell, the famous teller of tale, "A liberator
is celebrity who has subject to his or her career to something bigger than oneself." Ella Baker fits
directed toward Campbell's language of a defender by devoting herself delicately facing her
pertinent career. Baker was a consistent African–American civic rights friend in need, foreshadow,
and activist, who off the rack the art ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She has subject to her period to something bigger than herself. According to
Americanswhotellthetruth.org, it states that "Since Baker was roughly in her element ought to the
scenes, she didn't address oneself to as cleanly known as several other civil rights leaders. It
appeared that this was ace by her –– literally, it was what she preferred. In her keep words, 'You
didn't has a handle on me on telephone, you didn't manage news stories approximately me. The
pretty role that I embarked upon to romp was to revive pieces or read agreeably pieces mistaken of
which I hoped halls of knowledge might come'" ("Ella Baker Biography"). Just love the quote
indicates, ubiquitous Baker's career and her all one born day as an activist, she express her skills to
trade, bringing people together to draw change happen. Baker besides believed that the at variance
organizations having a full plate toward civil rights would surmount if they were attracted to by
individuals by the whole of great request and power. As Americanswhotellthetruth.org noteS,
"Among Baker's most passionately held beliefs was, as she express it, that 'strong people don't need
ahead of the game leaders.'" That philosophy customarily led her to disagreement by all of Martin
Luther King. With this fairly humbleness and self–confidence in her gat a charge out of, Baker
obligated her inheritance snap one out of it people to imagine

Essay about Hip/Hop Versus R&B
Hip–Hop versus R&B Rhythm and blues was considered strictly black music. The black
culture is a phenomenal subject representing the life style, imagination and accomplishments of
people. One of the most outstanding and unique characteristic that makes this culture one of a kind
is the music I has produced. Music has a common characteristic that is unique to all cultures
throughout the world. Today, I want to focus on the comparing of two music styles Hip–Hop versus
R&B and the influence that it has mad on the black culture. The four most popular categories
of Black music are Blues, Jazz, Gospel, and R&B. Blues is an African American music that
transverses a wide range of emotions and musical styles which is ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Southern soul had remained a significant presence in popular music throughout the 1970s.
According to online data from Encarta, in the 1980s and 1990s disco gave way to other genres like
Hip–Hop and Rap music. By the early 1990s, Hip–Hop had become a major force in music. Hip–
Hop began when Djs such as Kool Herc, Grandmaster Flash, and Africa Bambaataa would mix
beats or "breaks of funk and disco records so that people could dance the beat continuously. In 1991
Mary J. Blige teamed up with producer Sean "Puff Daddy" Combs and added the Hip–Hop attitude
to R&B. Blige was one of the first artists to blend urban, contemporary R&B singing with
hip hop beats, rhymes, and attitude. After a while people began to rhyme or "rap" over these beats.
The first rap recording was "Rapper's Delight," by the Sugarhill Gang in 1979. Run DMC was
largely responsible for the commercialization of rap; their collaboration with Aerosmith on the cover
recording of the 1977 hit song Walk This Way introduced the style to white audiences. In the late
1980s rap's controversial subgenres, gangsta rap raised with debut album Straight Outta Compton.
(Encarta) Machlis and Forney states gangsta rap of the 1990s has further disseminated the style
through graphic descriptions of inner city realities. The violent shooting deaths of Tupac Shakur in
1996 and Notorious B.I.G in 1997, has highlighted the violence associated with

The Identity Of Maxwell 's Performance At The Verizon Center
In this paper, I will discuss the identity of Maxwell, derived from his performance at the Verizon
Center. Maxwell's performance represented his identity as a sensual male artist, whose appreciation
for women grew from his mother playing the role of both parents. Furthermore, I will discuss how
Maxwell's influencers have played a role in his development as a Neo Soul artist. First, I will give
background on the artist and the genre he belongs to. Next, I will provide background on the
concert, such as the venue. Then, I will discuss aspects of his performance that mainly embody
Maxwell's identity. Finally, I will conclude with an overview of how Maxwell's performance depicts
his identity as a sensual, Neo Soul artist. Soul music is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Maxwell suffered the loss of his father in a plane crash when he was just three years old, and after
this tragedy, he saw his mother become the backbone of the household. The experience made him a
deeply religious child, and he first began singing in his Baptist church in Brooklyn, where his
grandmother would take him every Sunday for church service. At age of 17 Maxwell became
serious about music, and the year was 1990 when he began writing his own songs using a cheap
Casio keyboard given to him by a friend. Maxwell was greatly influenced by early– '80s R&B artist
such as Al Green, Marvin, Gaye and Prince. While being compared to these artists who influenced
him, Maxwell maintained his own style of Neo Soul. Soon, his fan base rose rapidly, and by 1991,
he was performing in New York clubs holding up to the comparisons while paving his own path as
one of the founding fathers of Neo–Soul R&B. Maxwell often says he was a nerd in High School,
and his classmates couldn 't imagine the shy, awkward teenager being a Neo–Soul Pioneer (online
video, YouTube, accessed November 2, 2016). After making a name for himself in the nightclubs, he
began to get noticed by major record labels. He gravitated toward Columbia Records, but he had
certain aspects of his
Page 3 identity such as his creative freedom that he did not want to relinquish. In 1998, in an,
interview Travis Smiley, a MTV host who

African American Influence On Music
African American influence in music has been an ever present and controversial subject in American
history. Stemming from many different cultures, religions and backgrounds, large portions of
American music was introduced by, and credited to African Americans. Although in many cases,
this music was used for entertainment by the masses or majority, contrary to popular belief, black
music served a greater purpose than just recreation. Dating all the way back to the beginning of
slavery in the U.S. during the 17th century, music has been used to make a statement and send a
message. As African American music progressed over the years, there were common themes
expressed as the genres evolved. It has been an open letter to the world, documenting and protesting
the ongoing oppression faced by blacks in the United States, as well as an outlet for frustration. For
many African Americans, the music gave them the only voice that couldn't be silenced by their
oppressors.
Negro spirituals was a "genre" of music introduced by African American slaves in response to their
lives and treatment by the white race. It gave many slaves the voice of opposition that they never
had and allowed them to subliminally speak against their masters without fear of consequences. Said
to have originated from slaves who were "Unable to read the Bible for themselves and skeptical of
their masters' interpretation of it..." (Raboteau). These songs were "... the message of the Christian
gospel... translated... into

Halifu Osumare's Hip Hop Culture
Hip Hop is an adapting culture that allows artists to verbally discusses their views and experiences
over a flashy beat. Hip Hop is categorized in many different ways. Moving forward, Hip Hop is best
known for its cultural roots to the African community. In terms of Halifu Osumare, investigating
Hip Hop's relationship to Aesthetic, impacts of popular culture and connective marginalities on
Africanist aesthetic and Hip Hop, and African diasporic cultures. Contemporary technology
advancements adapted hip hop, and Nommo compposing orality, through divine linguists. Africanist
aesthetic is culturally reflecting African communities through music and dance. Halifu Osumare's
book The Africanist aesthetic in global hip–hop states "Africanist ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, looking at the cultural aspects that proves Hip Hop to be a culture, would be the slang.
Hip Hop produces slang. E. Jerry Persaud furthers this investigation of Hip Hip as a culture. Persaud
adds on to say that slang produced from Hip Hop results in words being coined into the Oxford
dictionary. Building on this argument, Hip Hop culture produces a language, that is incorporated
into our everyday lives. Persaud also continues his argument of how Hip Hop can be reflect as a
culture, by showing how popular culture is a key factor due to too explicit lyrics. Popular Culture
allows our to construct a lifestyles similar to ones we listen to in Hip Hop. Persaud supports that Hip
Hop could be considered a culture, due to slang production and explicit lyrics altering our

Essay on The Crusades: Significance for Christianity Today
Give a brief account of The Crusades. What significance do they still have for Christianity today?
What should contemporary Christians learn from them?
In this essay, this writer will give a brief account of The Crusades, demonstrate the significance they
still have for Christianity today and what lessons contemporary Christians should learn from them.
The Crusades were a series of Holy Wars launched between 1095 and 1291 by the Christian states of
Europe against the Saracens who were Moslems. The name Crusade is derived from an old French
word 'crois', meaning 'the cross'. The idea was to urge Christian warriors to go to Palestine and free
Jerusalem and other holy places from Muslim domination (Internet Source 1). The first Crusade ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, the reports are probably only very approximate ideas of what the Pope actually said. The
Pope's impassioned speech in which he demonises the Moslems, appears to be a mastery in flattery,
hyperbole, and misuse of Scripture. On the other hand, Haag (2011: 75–78) strongly argues that the
Pope would never have stooped to lurid rabble rousing, neither did he intend to whip up a mass
movement of peasantry because his desirable instruments for the Crusade were the knights. Also, it
looks to me that the Pope took it as his divine duty to forcibly remove from the holy places of
Jerusalem those who had profaned them, similar to the way Jesus drove the money changers from
the holy Temple. The Pope promised the warriors immediate entry to heaven if they died on The
Crusade, doing away with any necessity of penance after death (MacCulloch 2009: 384). These
papal grants are unquestionably similar to the later papal indulgences that were a bone of contention
by Martin Luther during the Reformation. However, it seems that the warriors believed The
Crusades to be a spiritual war to purify their souls of sin. For why else would a person risk
everything by travelling to a distant land were they may never return? Of course, the desire to better
one's economic prospects in a land flowing with

Music Makes Children Smarter : Music Essay
Music Makes Children Smarter Music in many ways. has a potential to allure an individual,
especially children, to improve their intellect, when involved in music. Schools and organizations
had researched and estimated that schools with music curriculum, have more graduation and
successful rates than school that do not doesn't have music subjects. Universities have concluded
that a specific part of our brain had a major role that can progress to become intellectual when
exposed to classical music, and later on, was exposed to another conclusion, that classical music,
only has rapid effect in specific amount of time. Professors and theorists dispute with disagreement
that listening to classical music is uncertain and does not necessarily make people smarter. Listening
to other music other than classical, however, was proven to be more effective. Harmony Project is a
nonprofit organization that offers students who who has none to low–income, to play a music
instrument. They are located in Los Angeles, California and their mission statement are "Growth–to
promote the healthy growth and development of children through the study, practice and
performance of music, Community–to build healthier communities by investing in the positive
development of children through music, and Connection–to develop musical ambassadors of peace,
hope and understanding amongst people of diverse cultures, backgrounds and beliefs" (Harmony–
Project).
The Harmony Project research concluded that,

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