The document outlines nine top instructional strategies to increase student achievement, including essential questions, previews, summarizing, non-verbal representations, active engagement, extending thinking skills, differentiated instruction, vocabulary in context, and student writing. It then focuses on student writing, noting that writing should be integrated across all content areas in both fiction and non-fiction. Effectively using student writing includes focusing on important learning, creating detailed prompts, avoiding yes/no responses, allowing collaborative and peer work, and using writing as a springboard for other projects.