5. 1. A need for coordinated instruction both in their classrooms and in the
intervention/remedial program
2. Children with difficulty receiving more time in reading instructions
3. Individual or very small group instruction for at-risk children
4. Simple Texts
5. Rereading texts several times
6. Focusing attention on words and letters
7. Writing as an important component
8. On-going assessment to monitor progress
9. Connection between school and home
10. Teacher training
6. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF READING PROGRAMS
1. Diagnose.
2. Individualize.
3. Start at an easy reading level.
4. Build the student’s self-concept.
5. Motivate.
6. Keep a relaxed atmosphere.
7. Use variety in the program.
8. Build word recognition skills.
9. Use specialized method.
10. Follow up.
10. A BOTTOM-UP reading model is a reading model that emphasizes the written or
printed text, it says that reading is driven by a process that results in meaning
(or, in other words, reading is driven by text) and that reading proceeds from
part to whole.
A TOP-DOWN reading model is a reading approach that emphasizes what the
reader brings to the text, it contends that reading is driven by meaning and
proceeds from whole to part. It is also known as concept-driven model.
An INTERACTIVE reading model is a reading model that recognizes the
interaction of bottom- up and top-down processes simultaneously throughout
the reading process. Focuses on the belief that what motivates a
student to read is important.
