Argumentative Essay On Digital Music

Argumentative Essay On Digital Music
Digital Harm
"Steve Jobs is personally responsible for killing the music business." ~ Jon Bon Jovi"(Arias 124). Jon Bon Jovi, the famous 80s pop–rocker, made his
claim during the time after the creation of the internet, when which the music industry had begun to decline. Given his role as a musician, he witnessed
firsthand how the internet hurt the music industry. Although the benefits of the internet may seem abundant, digital music is not flawless. Despite
being viewed by some as a positive addition to music, the current state of digital music limits the music industry's ability to invest in new artists to keep
the music industry alive.
Due to the increasing popularity of online file sharing, record labels lose money whether they protect their music or not. The book 2000s Music,
written by author David Larkins and musician Greg Wilson, states., after Napster was sued, illegal file sharing grew even more popular as opposed to
less (Larkins 1). The popularity of free digital music harms musicians for obvious reasons, a loss of revenue. Since the internet cannot control illegal
downloads, the pay musicians receive is negatively affected. J.J. Arias, a Georgian University Professor of Economics stated in his academic journal,
the enforcement of copyright laws in the digital realm proves to be a costly venture (Arias 124). Illegal file sharing networks are mostly ignored since
it often costs more to find and remove file sharing than it is to ignore it. Because of this,
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What Is Piracy In Australia
3Piracy in Australia
3.1Current Issues, Problems and Challenges
Enforcing anti–piracy laws have always been a challenge. For instance, blocking piracy websites has been an endless game of cat and mouse as
websites keep reappearing under different domains. Moreover, pirates can use Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) to get around the blocked sites.
3.2Current Statistics and Future Trends
According to the Australian Site–Blocking Efficacy Report produced by online analysis company INCORPO, there has been an overall piracy has
declined by 25 percent year–on–year. The Federal Court has ordered the closure of 65 piracy sites and over 378 related domains since the site–blocking
orders were first made in December 2016 in Australia.
Image Source: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Federal Register of Legislation, 2015
Copyright Amendment (Online Infringement) Act 2015
[ONLINE] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2015A00080
[Accessed 19 April 2018].
Bevir, George, 2017
Cost of online piracy to hit $52bn
[ONLINE] Available at: https://www.ibc.org/delivery/cost–of–online–piracy–to–hit–52bn/2509.article
Whigham, Nick, 2018
Shamelessly facilitating crime': Rights holders hit out at Google amid renewed Aussie piracy fight
[ONLINE] Available at: http://www.news.com.au/technology/online/piracy
/shamelessly–facilitating–crime–rights–holders–hit–out–at–google–amid–renewed–aussie–piracy–fight/news–story
/7cf2b0b441a91c55484bf38c874aa222
FACT, 2018

The Online Piracy Landscape
[ONLINE] Available at: https://www.fact
–uk.org.uk/the–problem/digital–online–crime/online–piracy/ [Accessed 19 April 2018].
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, 2015
COPYRIGHT AMENDMENT (ONLINE INFRINGEMENT) BILL 2015
[ONLINE] Available at:

Pirates Of The Music Industry Research Paper
Pirates of the Music Industry
The way consumers have shaped recorded music has always had an impact on the record industry. In the history of recorded music, we have
witnessed a great deal of technological change. Although opinions may vary, we can reasonably assume that the way we consume music has
consistently increased and evolved since the invention of the first phonograph. While previous generations focused on format and standards, in the
early 21st century we saw a great upset in not how we consume music, but how we gained access to new music digitally. As a technological greedy
society we began to witness the rise of music piracy in the record industry. "Piracy is the use of another person's idea, product or invention without their
permission, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Music piracy was sweeping the world, the record industry was taking an exuberant revenue decrease. Consumers who would purchase an album in
a retail store at market value were now able to obtain their music for no price at all. Music pirates were able to download their favorite songs to digital
devices such as MP3 players and Steve Job's creation of the iPod. Between 1999 and 2008, annual U.S. revenue from physical recorded music products
had fallen from $12.8 billion back to $5.5 billion (Woldfogel). This decrease would begin to cause concern for sales and creation of new music. Record
labels began to push for stronger copyright laws, the weak copyright laws were causing major consequences in the recording industry with every
investment made in new artists and brands. "The first attempt to prosecute someone who released copyrighted material on the Internet, in 1994
collapsed embarrassingly when the judge threw out the charges – existing case law said that infringement had to be associated with financial gain, and
the material had been given away. The No Electronic Theft Act, passed in 1997, closed this loophole. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act, passed in
1998, further strengthened the industry's hand it banned attempts to circumvent copy protection" (Mann). With obtaining stronger copyright laws, the
record industry would be able to efficiently protect each artist as they produced and released new albums on the music

Intellectual Property And Copyright Property Rights Essay
Introduction
When we use our mind as the intelligent humans we are, sometimes out of that comes Intellectual property. Intellectual property is an idea that was
created by one with the intention to trademark, copyright or patent the creation they have made. There are many forms of intellectual property that exist
ranging from artistic sides to mechanical sides and etc. With those many forms intellectual property is broken down into two factions, industrial
property and copyright in which all the forms of intellectual property lye somewhere in those two factions. To understand intellectual property a little
more we need too look at the two and break down the factions. Also take a look at the protection and the laws that pertain to copyright, trademarks, and
patents.
Discussion
The term intellectual property refers to the innovations of the human mind. Intellectual property rights protect the interests of these innovators by
giving them property rights attached to those ideas. The term "intellectual property rights" stands for these legal rights that authors, inventors, and
other creators have. Intellectual property laws relate to a particular way in which ideas or information is expressed or displayed, but not the actual
ideas or exact concept itself. The first use of the expression "intellectual property" appears to be October 1845, in Davoll vs. Brown, a patent case in
Massachusetts. Justice Charles Woodbury said that "only in this way can we protect

Impact Of Technology On The Music Industry
Over the years, music has become portable, starting with the transistor to a set of headphones. Technology has allowed us to create a diverse
musical culture. Music will always have an effect on one's culture, and it has definitely mad a huge impact on the use of technology. Cultural
diversity is about bringing people closer together though the World Wide Web. Many music publishers are the key to cultural diversity when it
comes to publishing all genres. They will increasingly continue to play a part in promoting diversity by bringing music of all kinds and forms to the
music market. The way we access and listen to music has changed a lot in the music industry. For some, it may seem easier to download your favorite
song from your favorite artist, but there are rules to the file–sharing and downloading of music. Before there was file–sharing, people would gather in
concert halls for impressive music from some of the best known composers of all time. Today, there has been an abundance of ways to access and
listen to music, in writing this paper, my goal is to discuss copyright laws, file–sharing, and the progression of how we access music.
Before we reached the electronic musical era, there was good old fashion concert halls. People would gather together in the concert halls to see many
different composers perform, all from which were in different eras; the Baroque, Classical, and Romantic era. By the year 1877, Thomas Edison had
discovered how to record and reproduce sound

Ulthera Case Study
It has come to our attention that your company has used Ulthera's trademark and copyrighted images and photographs to advertise and sell your
products, without authorization or consent. Please note that your use of the trademark infringes of our trademark rights, your reproduction of the
photographic copyright material of Ulthera infringes the copyright property rights, and your acts also constitute violations of Ulthera's rights under
anti–unfair competition law.
We hereby issue you with this Cease & Desist Letter, notifying you of Ulthera's lawful rights in connection with Ulthera devices and Ultherapy
treatment, and that any infringement of Ulthera's lawful rights will damage Ulthera's business and is adverse to Ulthera's goodwill and quality ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Before we cancel the complaint, your company need to acknowledge receipt of the Cease & Desist Letter attached and confirm to us within seven (7)
days from receipt of this letter in writing, signed by an authorized officer of your company (please affix with company seal), that you have taken all the
above–identified actions and committing that you will no longer engage in any and all unauthorized use of Ulthera's trademarks and copyrighted
pictures and you will cease violating Ulthera's rights under intellectual property law and anti–unfair competition

The Ethical Issues Of Downloading Pirated Music And Films
We all know that downloading pirated music and films is illegal, but what exactly is it? The term piracy refers to the copying and selling of music,
films and other media illegally; in other words you are copying and selling copyrighted media without the permission of the original owner (NiDirect,
n.d.). With the massive growth of the internet and its ability to store and capture vast amounts of data, we have become much more reliable on
information systems in all aspects of life, but it does not come without the risk of information technology being used unethically. With the number of IT
breakthroughs in recent years "the importance of ethics and human values has been underemphasised" often resulting in various consequences. Not
surprisingly one of the many public concerns about the ethical use of IT is that "millions of people have downloaded music and movies at no charge
and in apparent violation of copyright laws at tremendous expense to the owners of those copyrights" (Reynolds, Ethics in Information Technology,
2015). This essay covers the ethical issues of downloading pirated music and films and the impact it has on music corporations and recording and film
companies.
So what is ethics? George W. Reynolds states that "ethics is a set of beliefs about right and wrong behaviour within a society" and that "ethical
behaviour conforms to generally accepted norms" with almost all of them being universal. As we all know, certain behaviours such as cheating and
lying are

How Copyright Law Was Established, And How The...
Nowadays, most of American institutions require the students to sign the plagiarism form before attending the class in order to prevent their students
from taking somebody's work without giving credits. I believe intellectual laws are as important as any other law because it defines the ethical aspect
of the three core values of the United States of America liberty, freedom and democracy.Copyright law is an intellectual law that grants ownership to
the author and protects the author from copyright infringement. This paper will discuss how copyright law was established, and how the establishment
influences advertising. I begin by examining the history of copyright before it became a constitutional law. I will also explain why the copyright is
protected under the First Amendment. After that, I will interpret some significant copyright acts that had been established since it first started, but my
main focus will be on the role of 'fair use' in the Copyright Act of 1976, which set up the primary basis for the copyright laws in the United States. The
investigation will demonstrate how 'fair use' relates to copyright matters in advertising, or "commercial speech". The conclusion will emphasize the
significance of 'fair use' in advertising.
The copyright law in America originated in the fifteenth century after England introduced the use of the printing press. Due to the growth in the
number of printing presses, the authorities began to seek the control of the publication of

Torrent Downloads is Piracy
Torrent Downloads
Is copying a digital content and sharing it online count as a crime? Most people will answer ''No'' because people will think they are just copying
the same file that they already bought the licenses for and sharing it to their friends, however, it is going against the copyright law if the company
attached a legal document to inform the user they could not share it for each digital content. Torrent downloads or what is known on the web Pirate
Downloads, works by having a user seeding a particular content to a website such as Pirate Bay, Torrentz, ExtraTorrent, and many more are available
for the public to leech to their computers. Companies cannot force the law to be international because people do not agree to banned pirate downloads
and it does not have dramatic effect on all international governments. Pirate download are becoming threat to media production companies, companies
loss mass amount money, people are getting digital products for free, and in addition, companies will always be the first source to download the digital
content.
When I speak about piracy, I mean the act of copying and sharing data online videos, software, music etc. Torrent downloads are becoming threat to
media production companies because companies put a lot of time and effort to release a good song or a music video and for a website to buy one for
few dollars and just sharing it for people across the world who did not pay for it makes the company lose few millions. On the

The Internet And Internet Stealing On The Internet
The internet may be the greatest invention in human history. It is able to connect almost all of the seven billion people on the Earth, and allows these
people to share their ideas, but it also creates an intellectual property nightmare. The internet's main goal is the spread of information, but sometimes the
information isn't obtained in a way which agrees with laws put in place to protect patent and copyright holders, and trademark owners. Since the
invention and mass adoption of the internet, IP laws have been struggling to keep up and law makers have had to start thinking about IP as it pertained
to the internet and how people used it.
Websites like Pirate Bay and Megaupload allowed for millions of people to illegally obtain copies of their favorite software, songs, games, and much
more. Stealing on the internet is not a hard thing to do, the costs of copying are not high, and people can do it anonymously. There has been a push in
the last twenty years for a more aggressive enforcement of rights and laws for new forms of media.
In 1998 the world saw the passing of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) which was an attempt by the US government to combat copyright
to strengthen legal protection of intellectual property rights holders in the midst of emerging new information communication technologies. The law put
pressure on internet service providers in order for service provider's legal liabilities to be limited in the event one of their users violated copyright

Essay on International Copyright vs. Online Piracy
Humans create. We sell what we make for profit on this modern marvel of a global market. The times we live in are the golden days of
information and technology. As we stride towards better and more efficient computers and software, information becomes easier and easier to
obtain. But with this new era of technological advancement comes with something else as well; art. Television shows, music, books, video games,
and movies are blooming as media is more recognized on a global scale. However, humans always want something for less of a cost. We go out of
our way to get the things we want, and if they are not accessible to us whether because of cost or availability; we find a way to acquire it. The internet
has brought upon a revolution of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This new function of file sharing was dubbed Peer–to–Peer (P2P) sharing. This allowed users to share files through an app–based network rather than
just downloading off a site directly. Napster was eventually shut down after a long drawn out court battle. Many other P2P services followed in
Napster's wake, but were eventually shut down due to easily being tracked by the government. Thus, a new method of piracy was needed, one that
boasted anonymity for users. The Pirate Bay answered with Bit Torrents. Bit Torrents allowed users to download from other users, but rather than
from just one, bits of a downloaded files are randomly pieced together from thousands of sources. However, The Pirate Bay, unlike other sites, was
different. Its servers, as well as the men who founded the site, are Swedish. Sweden's copyright laws are very lose, especially on content protected by
foreign entities. American (as well as other nations') copyrights don't stand in Swedish courts. This seemingly untouchable strategy still stands today,
as The Pirate Bay is the largest online piracy site in the world. Today, online piracy is a widespread issue. People do so for a variety of reasons, the
biggest of which is money. Stuff is expensive. Why spend $15 on DVD, when one could pirate hundreds for free? The ability to acquire things freely is
fundamentally an un–solvable issue. The next, and the easiest to fix, reason why people pirate online is because of unavailability of certain

File Sharing Should Not Be Illegal
Technology, now incorporated into almost every aspect of life, is constantly evolving. Technology being so incorporated in daily life has caused
some issues to come up in the past; one of the most controversial uses of technology is file sharing. File sharing is the exchange of files over
computer networks. These files include all types of media, software, and books. While some file sharing is legal, there are illegal downloads of
copyrighted property widely available; there are intense debates about the level of protection of intellectual properties that should be used for these
files. The increase of sharing copyrighted media over the internet has led to many lawsuits and court battles (OberholzerвЂђGee and Strumpet). The
sharing of files ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The music businesses succeed in these courts because federal judges reject that these sites are protected by the digital copyright law (Alexander 152).
However, where one is brought down, many more will soon fill its place. It will be a never ending pattern of legal action taking a step forward to
stopping copyright infringement and then taking a step back once new file sharing sites pop up. Recording companies were quick to assume that file
sharing was to blame for the decline in sales, so they began to sue the thousands that took part in illegal file sharing (Netanel 2–3). While copyright
laws may protect music in the United States and some foreign countries, what about all the other countries? Most countries do not extend copyright
protection to foreign works. So the downloading of copyrighted music is legal in those countries, making it easy for these illegal downloads to make
their way back to America. Copyright industries' desperate attempts to shut down peer–to–peer file sharing sites are just becoming ineffectual and costly
(Netanel 8).
Protection of intellectual property is thought to be necessary to ensure innovation. While that is accurate for many industries, innovation in the music
industry will not decrease with weaker property rights (OberholzerвЂђGee and Strumpet). Many people remix, cover, or even choreograph copyrighted
music; this boosts creativity in the industry. Stricter copyright laws would undoubtedly lead to a decrease in self expression

Questions On The Module Code
Module code: 4003BUSBUS
Tutor: Gary Brown
Assessment due date: 28/11/2014
Name: Bridget Hitchen
Student ID:708355
Contents page
1Table of Contents
Module code:4003BUSBUS1
Tutor: Gary Brown1
Assessment due date:28/11/20141
Name: Bridget Hitchen1
Student ID:7083551
2Introduction4
3What is digital content?4
3.1Music4
3.2Software4
3.3Games4
3.4Books4
3.5Films4
3.6TV4
4What is piracy?5
4.1History5
4.2Law5
4.3Role of the internet?5

4.4P2P and File sharing5
Effects5
5Effects on the different industries5
5.1Jobs losses5
5.2Income5
5.3Creativity5
5.4Innovation6
6Effect on the artist, author, programmer and business6
6.1Fewer making a living6
6.2Job losses6
6.3Loss of profits6
6.4 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This report shows that digital piracy can reduce the growth of digital content. However it's also encouraged many positives
Piracy has caused many business to innovate to keep up with the threat of digital piracy
Some studies have shown that piracy hasn't reduced profits
The increase is piracy has led to educating people through campaigns, which will mean in future that the piracy should decrease as knowledge increases
The increase in piracy has led to more enforcement of the laws and higher penalties in breaking them
Digital piracy
4Introduction
There are many forms of digital content. All of them can be stolen and this is illegal as is any other form of stealing. Digital piracy is the sharing and
downloading digital content illegally. The problem with digital piracy has been around for over 20 years, however due to many factors such as the
recession and the increasing development of technology the problem is becoming increasing difficult to manage (QUIGLEY, 2008). However the
ability to buy the content online has boosted the profit for many creators of digital content.
5What is digital content?
There are many forms of digital content. All of them can be stolen and this is illegal as is any other form of stealing.
5.1Music
Music is the can be the grouping or sole use of vocal and instrumental sources in an arrangement.
5.2Software
Software is the recording of information onto a form such as a disc. The information is programmed into

[Is It Ok to Download Movies and/or Music Without Paying...
[Is it ok to download movies and/or music without paying for it? Why or why not? Arguments for and against.] | Emilianos EllinasThe Business of
Entertainment, Media and TechnologyOctober 16, 2013|
Debate about legality and appropriateness of downloading copyrighted material is nothing new to the world we live in. Since the advent of P2P
technology with Napster in 1999, the Entertainment industry has struggled to grasp the magnitude of this emerging cultural phenomenon. Never again
in human history was it as effortless, economical and fast to copy and distribute music and movies to the masses. A few decades back, the
entertainment industry faced a similar predicament regarding music cassettes and VHS tapes. They swore in belief that ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Harsh penalties haven't worked adequately in the past and it do not have the results one would have expectedat present. The Studios, repeatedly
intimidate users by referring to downloading as theft. Courts have distinguished between copyright infringement and theft. For instance, the United
States Supreme Court held that copies of copyrighted works cannot be regarded as stolen property for the purposes of a prosecution under a statute
criminalizing the interstate transportation of such property.
Piracy is a hydra. Cutting one of its heads, will make the next head come and bite you harder. The way to "tame the beast" is by embracing and
understanding that there are ways to monetize downloading, and arguably give a better chance to the "little guy" to get out there. Also, trends
consistently show that file–sharing benefit the bigger, more famous artists, as well. The reason is that file sharing is the more efficient way to distribute
content to the masses. This wider base brings out other avenues of revenue, like ticket sales for live shows/movies, extra merchandise being sold and
greater exposure in social media. Evidence suggests that file–sharers are actually the bigger spenders on entertainment. So why do they still choose to
download content and engage in copyright infringement? The cause can be derived from one or several of the following issues: (i) Pricing –
unwillingness or inability to pay the price requested by the legitimate

Data Protection
DATA PROTECTION
– what is this act? What it is for?
Controls how your personal information is used by organisations, businesses or the government. It also imposes restriction on the transfer of data, also
like placing the materials on the web.
Everyone responsible for using data has to follow strict rules called data protection principles, they must make sure the information is: * used fairly
and lawfully * used for limited, specifically stated purposes * used in a way that is adequate, relevant and not excessive * accurate * kept for no
longer than is absolutely necessary * handled according to people's data protection rights * kept safe and secure * not transferred outside the UK
without adequate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Before you download the app read the reviews and research the app, consider mobile security software.
Update when prompted– avoiding updates can leave the tablet or smartphone incredibly vulnerable, if you get behind on an update, you are leaving
your smartphone open for attack.
Physical– anti–theft accessories– some product can help to prevent your kit being stolen.
Kensington locks– this SecureBack range is available for tablets, e–readers, smart phones and starts at around ВЈ30.
Socket– that attaches equipment's case using high–strength adhesive pads.
Alarms– a way of stopping a thief is to protect it with the alarm. The lock alarm mini will work with anything that has a slot through which you can
slip the cable. A 100DB siren sounds if the lock cable is cut or motion is detected
Norton Anti–theft– lets you remotely lock down your personal files, preventing the thief from accessing your data, and you can even use the devices
built in camera to snap a photo of whoever is using it at the time. * Taking precautions– confidentiality
To prevent hacking– use firewall– it stops unwanted intruders. * Keep the firewall up to date * Report if breached immediately * Use anti–spam *
Security on smartphones
COMPUTER MISUSE ACT 1990–
It helps to tackle the problems caused by hacking. It enables hackers to be

The Pros And Cons Of Intellectual Property Law
The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) defines anti–competitive practices as the many ways firms restrict inter–firm
competition to maintain or to increase their relative market position and profits without necessarily providing goods and services at a lower price or at
a higher quality. The American Federal Trade Commission states that anti–competitive practices include activities such as price fixing, group boycotts
and exclusionary exclusive dealings. These activities are generally grouped as agreements between competitors (horizontal conduct) and
monopolization (single firm conduct).
In order to explore the extent to which exercise of intellectual property rights may be considered anti–competitive, the definition must ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The cause of the tensions has been traced to the objectives of both the laws. In definition, IPR gives the owners an exclusive right to behave in a
particular way, when competition law does everything in its power to keep the markets open. So then tension rises at which point does IPR become
harmful and competition law should intervene and override IPR?
Lionel Bentley and Brad Sherman have, in their book; "Intellectual Property Law" acknowledged that indeed there is tension between competition law
and intellectual property law. While discussing the effect of competition law on the exploitation ofcopyright , they state that a copyright entitles an
owner to use the property in a manner which he or she so wishes and that the copyright owner cannot be compelled to apply their rights in a particular
manner. This is the exclusivity of a right. They, however, acknowledge that there are circumstances in which competition law may require a property
owner to make available the right for use by the public. They state that operators in dominant positions have a special responsibility not to allow their
conduct to impair

Essay on The Global Ethical Perspective of Peer-to-peer...
The Global Ethical Perspective of Peer–to–peer File–sharing
Introduction
This paper is an analytical essay on global ethical issues on peer–to–peer (P2P) file–sharing. A history and background of peer–to–peer file–sharing
will be given, as well as how it became an issue. This paper will explore what aspects of file–sharing are ethical and at what point it becomes unethical.
An explanation of the laws will be described and whether the laws different from region–to–region around the world. The paper will include personal
experiences with file sharing, as well as an in–depth analysis on the topic with high–quality industry and academic references to defend a particular
moral/ethical position.
Background
The Internet is a shared ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Not everyone thought this was such a great idea, however. Some objections cite legal or moral concerns. Other problems were technical. Many network
providers, having set up their systems with the idea that users would spend most of their time downloading data from central servers, have economic
objections to peer–to–peer models. A long–established fixture of computer networking that includes important peer–to–peer components is Usenet,
which has been around since 1979. Usenet news implements a decentralized model of control that in some ways is the grandfather of today's new
peer–to–peer applications such as Gnutella* and Freenet*. Fundamentally, Usenet is a system that, using no central control, copies files between
computers. So the bottom–line is that file–sharing has been around for a long time now and that its decentralized nature makes is hard to control
besides holding each individual sharing files accountable. Peer–to–peer systems go hand–in–hand with decentralized systems. In a fully decentralized
system, not only is every host an equal participant, but there are no hosts with special facilitating or administrative roles. In practice, building fully
decentralized systems can be difficult, and many peer–to–peer applications take hybrid approaches to solving problems. [1]
Laws and Issues Associated with File–sharing
File–sharing in itself is not an issue until

Analysis Of Bittorrent, A Nightmare For Copyright...
BitTorrent, a nightmare for copyright enforcement agencies Using BitTorrent has become a popular and effective way of downloading files over the
internet. BitTorrent is a peer–to–peer file sharing (P2P) internet protocol that allows files to be distributed via an internet connection. The use of
BitTorrent itself is a perfectly legal and legitimate process of downloading certain files. For example, if someone wanted to obtain a large free to use
file like a Linux distribution, BitTorrent provides a fast and effective means to download the file legally. Another legal use of BitTorrent would be
companies like Blizzard who use custom BitTorrent clients to distribute and update their games to avoid overloading their servers. The main ... Show
A swarm is a group of computers that all have the desired torrent file available for downloading. Computers enter the swarm by accessing a torrent
file (file extension is generally .torrent) via a torrent client such as BitTorrent, uTorrent, Vuze, Transmission, or many others. Trackers are located
inside torrent files that keep track of connected computers. The tracker communicates with the other computers in the swarm and shares their
corresponding IP addresses with everyone in the swarm so the computers can connect to one another. The tracker does not handle any of the data
being transmitted, it merely provides a medium for the computers to keep track of which computers are in the swarm. In other words, when an
individual wants to download a file, first they download a torrent file and access it via a client that contains a tracker allowing them to download the
file from not one but many people at one time. The actual file being transferred is not transferred as one large file, but is broken down into many
"pieces" when it is downloaded. After a computer has downloaded a piece of the file, they are then able to upload that piece to others in the swarm.
Thus, computers in the swarm are downloading and uploading to and from each other simultaneously. Once the computer has all the pieces of the file,
the client then assembles the pieces so the file is operable. BitTorrent clients can also utilize

Why Is Music Piracy Illegal
Edwards 1
Kiana Edwards
Mrs. B. Purdie
English II
18 November 2015
Music Piracy Have you ever wondered what music piracy, or did you already know but never knew both sides? Well music piracy is the large scale, of
unauthorized duplication of recorded music with the intent to defraud the copyright holder of his/her royalties; this includes the composers, lyricists and
performing artist. The importance of music piracy is that it impacts the music industry causing them to lose billions of dollars each year. Some
people feel like music piracy is stealing , and should be illegal because it causes millions of people to lose their jobs due to the lack of money being
made. On the other hand many people say music piracy should be legal , they feel as if CDs are overpriced and that you shouldn't have to pay a
monthly fee when you can easily download any song you want for free. Indeed , many people might believe music piracy isn't a good thing , but some
say it should be legalized. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Music Piracy is the biggest threat to the development of the licensed music sectors and to the investments of artist." Amanda Hunter deputy director
of communications for the RIAA says "when consumers steal music everyone suffers not only does it rolo recording artist , and songwriters of their
livelihoods and threaten the jobs of tens of thousands of less celebrated people in the industry." The basic overview of my perspective and main point
is that it should be a law against music piracy because it's becoming a major controversial issue, and causing the music industry to go into a downfall.
In particular, People who go against music piracy isn't really stealing copyrighted

E Phishing Software And The Privacy Of Consumers Online By...
Fortunately, many solutions have been implemented to mitigate the negative repercussions of phishing, hacking, and piracy. For example,
Anti–phishing software provides safety to consumers online by warning and preventing them from entering phishing websites. To consumer 's
conveniences, anti–phishing software have been installed into most web browsers and email clients. Extensions and toolbars such as Netcraft can also
augment the efficacy of successfully identifying phishing attempts. (***) In addition, reCaptcha and networks can further ensure the safety of
consumers online. reCaptcha helps distinguish valid human users from bot attacks. ReCaptcha requires users to decipher an image of distorted text
that bots normally cannot decode. As... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
End–User License Agreements are legal contracts between software author/publishers and users. It allows the author/publisher to control, though not
necessarily enforce, and inform consumers how digital products can be used after purchase. Any deviations from the contract can be followed by legal
actions from the author or creator. Copyrights provide further protection over how products are used, specifically over making copies, performing in
public, broadcasting, and using online. (http://www.patentsoffice.ie/en/copyright_benefits.aspx) It also gives the right of creators/publishers to sue
copyright infringers for misuse, exploitive copying, and piracy. Finally, DRMs are methods of enforcing control over how digital products and works
are used after purchase – a direct attack against piracy. DRMs usually employ codes that prevents any unauthorized distribution or copying of games,
music, and e–books. All three solution ensure that content creators and publishers do receive all, if not close to all, the profit for a product. Thus,
e–commerce benefits as creators are more confident in conducting business online. However, some of these solutions introduce other problems and
inconveniences to consumers that damage e–commerce. For example, ReCaptcha has become increasingly difficult to decipher in response to Hackers
improving algorithms in bots. By 2012, as many as 90% of people found it difficult or impossible to decipher reCaptcha images, which adds not only an

Song Analysis: The Life Of Pablo
February 14th, 2016 marked the end of a long–awaited journey for Kanye West's seventh studio album. Originally known as So Help Me God back in
November 2013; then changed to SWISH in May 2015; but changed yet again, to Waves in January earlier this year. But due to disagreement with
Wiz Khalifa, Kanye finalized the album as T.L.O.P (The Life of Pablo) in February. The album still remains a work in progress, which in other
words means The Life of Pablo isn't over yet. And is actually not for sale; making it the most illegally downloaded album on the charts. T.L.O.P is an
album unlike the mainstream music that is produced in this day and age. It goes against society's norm and opens the door for a new era of music.
The album is a disorganized... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He has proved yet again he is the architect of music samples. This album in particular features a range of samples from R&B jazz to Iranian pop to
even 70s Prog rock. Kanye doesn't just "sample" the music. He takes it on a joy ride with twists and turns like the Maybach in his "Otis" music
video. He simultaneously intertwines innovation and nostalgia into one bunch. "Famous" for example, is a clever piece with a lot to unpack. The
song opens up with a luminous acapella of Jimmy Webb's "Do What You Gotta Do," sung by Rihanna, then sampled again at the end with Nina
Simone's 1968 version of the song. The sample is also brilliantly weaved into Sister Nancy's reggae classic "Bam Bam." And a few ad–libs added to
the mixture from his Late Registration and Graduation album. But like a majority of Kanye's discography, lays a pinch of misogyny sprinkled on a
few tracks. He takes a sharp jab at Taylor Swift with just one line: "I feel like me and Taylor might still have sex. Why? I made the b***h famous!"
He quickly takes to Twitter in defense of the line noting, Taylor gave him the approval [she claimed she didn't] and that she thought it was funny.
Throughout the rest of album he takes a few more jabs at other celebrities including his ex Amber Rose, and tosses around the b–word like it's
everyday day

Disability Discrimination Act 1995
Disability Discrimination Act
This act was passed in 1995. The disability act protects disabled people in:
* Employment
* Access to goods, facilities and services
* The management, buying or renting of land or property
* Education
The DDA covers a disability which people:
* Have now,
* Had in the past (for example: a past episode of mental illness),
* May have in the future (e.g.: a family history of a disability which a person may also develop),
* Are believed to have (for example: if people think someone has AIDS).
The DDA also covers people with a disability who may be discriminated against because:
* They are accompanied ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is against the law for an employer to discriminate against a disabled person:

В· In the terms on which he offers that person employment
В· By refusing to offer, or deliberately not offering, him employment
The consequence of this that the business can be shut down or the owner can be sued or at worst put in jail.
Relating the act to the Internet cafГ©:
Relating the act to the Internet cafГ© there are certain rules, which I have to follow in order to create a successful Internet cafГ©, which meets, the
disability discrimination act.
(3) The following are examples of services to which this section and sections 20 and 21 apply
(a) Access to and use of any place which members of the public are permitted to enter;
Text Box: Firstly I must be able to provide access for disabled people e.g. wheelchairs to access the cafГ©, some sort of ramp must be created for
access. I must be able to provide wide doors to allow the access of wheelchairs preferably automatic doors. If the building has more than one floor their
must be facilities on the first floor e.g. toilets for disabled people to use.
I must be able to provide equipment, which allows disabled people e.g. blind people to access the computers and take full advantage of them. To do
this I must be able to provide a brail keyboard and

Public Domain Research Paper
The topic of public domain is becoming increasingly important in the modern day. Legislation once enacted to protect the intellectual property of the
individual seems to have been flipped on its head to do the exact opposite. Copyright was originally created to inspire original works by individual
authors, inventors and scientists for a relatively finite amount of time. In the modern era, we see big corporate interests pushing for the extension of
these deadlines while buying and hoarding copyrights, using lawyers as guard dogs. Doing so infringes on the consumer's right to choose. Such
actions prevents fair competition in terms of price, quality, and service for an obscene amount of time. Many famous icons all the way from Uncle
Sam to Santa... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They believe that if they came up with the idea then they should be the one benefiting from any money it brings in. They would prefer to have longer
term limits until something goes into the public domain. The public believes that after a certain number of years the product should become available
to the public. The public also does not agree with Congress increasing the term limits, it is making things not available to the public until a long time.
Some corporations, like Disney, spend large amounts of money lobbying for Congress to increase the time until something is available to the public.
They do this because they make a large amount of money off of Mickey Mouse and they want to continue to make a large amount of money from their
creation. Not only do Disney and other anti–public domain businesses spend a lot of money introducing and passing bills to extend their copyrights, but
they also have a large influence on the government due to their position as business leaders. If the congress were to veto their legislation, these
powerful companies may decide not to contribute to certain government

What I Was A Salesman
No sooner then did I arrive home from class, I received a call from what I assumed was a salesman. It was in fact, a salesman, but was for instead
something I had already bought. The call regarded a custom shirt I had ordered online. A T–shirt with a blocky cartoon drawing of Otto von Bismarck
on it. The operator on the phone told me that the company could not print me the shirt because the image was copyright of some artist who sold the
design on another website. I tried explaining that I had taken reference from probably the same image but I had changed it to be another art style. This
however was not good enough for them, and thus had canceled my order.
After spending what felt like an hour scouring Google I finally found the shirt that I was apparently "infringing upon". It was located on an
obviously outdated website and at first displayed no price. After adding it to the cart to see if I could find a checkout price, I was directed to a
page saying the shirts are no longer available as of 2008. If I could not buy one "legally", or "by the rules" what am I to do? As a consumer of the
twenty first century capitalist free market society, there will always be a way to secure merchandise one way or another through relatively easy, and
legal means. Then, the bigger picture hit me. "Why is it that the face of a person of historical significance is copyrighted by someone who makes
t–shirts and then refuses to sell them?".
To me this makes no sense, if he 's not willing to

The Pat Parker Case Essay
Pat Parker Case The Pat Parker Case
The Pat Parker case is about a lawyer who started his own firm concentrating on writing reports and conducting political opposition research for
political candidates. This particular case is about how Parker devised a research report for one particular political candidate then two years later, some
trial lawyers wanted to buy the research on the Republican Attorney General. Parker was unsure on how to proceed knowing that this could potentially
jeapordise the political party's candidate or even worse, he could be arrested for soliciting the information. Would Parker be violating contract law?
Would he be infringing the copyright law? Would he be violating campaign statutes and other codes ofethics? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
If Parker opted to sell the research, he would be breeching the contract and depending on how much of the research and other materials the Republican
party used to perhaps win the elections, the Democratic party would have the right to sue for damages.
You also need to ask whether Parker would be infringing the copyright law? According to the copyright law, the holder has the right to control the
material covered by the copyright. In this case, the Democratic Party candidate owns the copyright since Parker provides a service to produce this data
for them. Therefore, the Democratic party candidate is the only one who can decide how the materials are used, distributed, reproduced, and displayed
to the public or to individuals. If the research and other materials were sold to the Republican candidate the Democratic candidate could sue in violation
of the copyright. Remedies for the violation could include damages, jail time, an injunction, and/or destruction of the infringing items.
Parker would have violated campaign statutes and other codes of ethics by reselling the research. Though the campaign statutes were not explicitly
mentioned, they probably would have stated that selling a Party's intellectual capital was not only unethical but against campaign practices. Though the
research was constructed of various news clippings and other factual data, the research

Is Iran An Islamic Country? Essay
As Iran is an Islamic country, the most basic human needs were illegal, censored or blocked; laughing in the street as a girl or falling in love were
considered bringing shame to the family, listening to Western music was a sin, Internet was illegal, and watching certain kinds of movies was a crime.
Although, nowadays things have improved and the new generation is stronger and more resilient than when I lived there.
In Iran, Islamic rules are the only rules being enforced. They could care less about how you are access the information, and care more about the
information being accessed. The only situation a person could be arrested or fined would be if they are caught owning or distributing the banned
content. The government was so good at filtering all the channels that would bring us anything from the outside world, and we were so good at using
proxies.
I moved to the states when I was 15 years old. I have lived in two completely different worlds. In one, there are laws, regulations, and books about a
matter called copyright; in another there is not even a word in the dictionary related to that. It is interesting to witness the two. It is somehow surreal
how these two countries differ in terms of those rights. When I was introduced to the latest movies and music hits through alternative sources, we did
not even know how to spell 'copyright' in Iran.
In Iran, we gained access to the Internet when I was about 13–14 years old. Through Internet, we were exposed to all the

The Development Ofu.s Copyright Law
The Development of U.S Copyright Law
Simon Cho
The history of U.S copyright law came from England. As a matter of fact, copyright was not intended to reward creators but to prevent sedition. As the
number of presses grew in late fifteenth century in England, the authorities started to grant control over the publication of books to a group of printers,
called the Stationers' Company in mid–sixteenth century. The Licensing Act of 1662 confirmed that licensed printers have the right to publish the work
forever. The Stationer's Company didn't disappear even though the 1662 act lapsed in 1694. Rather, it shifted its focus from printers to authors.
Therefore, the Parliament enacted the first copyright law in 1710, called the Statue of Anne, which protects author's work if they registered their work
to the government. Under the Statue of Anne, authors had a right to control their creations and sell their rights to the third person. U.S. Congress has
revised the copyright law to broaden the sphere of copyright and to address new technologies as time goes by. This paper illustrates what have the
Congress amended in the copyright law and how has the amended law impacted proprietors by looking into major revisions in U.S. copyright law.
U.S Congress reviewed its copyright law based on the Statue of Anne in early–eighteenth century. The Congress first exercised its copyright protection
with the Copyright Act of 1790, which secure the copies of maps, charts and books to the

When Does Fair Use Become Theft and Viceversa
Who really owns ideas, and how long should they hold them? When does Fair Use become Theft and vice versa?
Those are the question raised in Brett Gaylor's documentary RiP: A Remix Manifesto, raises alarms for those who think copyright holders have become
too aggressive about protecting their intellectual property.
The documentary highlights the popular music artist known as Girl Talk. Girl Talk consists of one man named Gregg Gillis and he takes parts from
different songs (usually popular ones) and creates new music of his own. He doesn't use any of his own materials at all. A lot of people consider his
work stealing and what is known as Copyright infringement; even though he changes the music so much, you can't even tell what all of the songs he
uses are. Girl Talk is known as a mash–up artist, and according to the documentary, mash–up artists have stirred up quite a controversy with both the
Copyright Company and the other artists they take their material from.
Copyright problems arose with the advent of the free availability of information on the Internet. It was easy for people to steal music, movies and
images from the internet and use them to create their own mash–up piece. Prior to the internet copyrighting actually encouraged creativity. Once music
sharing websites like Napster began, musicians and other artists began suing and copyright laws became more rigouous in their scope and enforcement.
As sample–pop star Girl Talk (AKA former biomedical engineer

Essay On Copyright Laws
Copyright laws in regards to music should be repealed. The RIAA has misconstrued the perceived effects staring had on artist development and
revenue, when in fact the perceived financial short–comings of downloading and peer–to–peer sharing are actually made up through concert–revenue
and merchandise–revenue. It is important to take a look into the perceived effects done by the RIAA. The RIAA claim that file sharing reduces sales,
with estimated displacement rates ranging from 3.5% for movies (Rob and Waldfogel 2007) to rates as high as 30% for music (Zentner 2006). But on
the contrary, Rob and Waldfogel (2006) find an average displacement effect of 20% but report that file sharing had no impact on hit albums. Also for
more niche ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc., 464 U.S. 417 [1984]). The decision was that companies are not at fault for their customers committing
copyright infringement if their technology is capable of doing so. This ruling has incentivized second–generation file–sharing sites to create
decentralized forms of music–sharing, such as eliminating centralized indexes, and thus give the site owner's immunity because they cannot claim to
know that users are sharing copyrighted material. This type of sharing can be more easily defined as files located on individuals' computer and shared
with other members of the network, rather than on a centralized server. This more specifically is torrent – a network locations of trackers, which are
computers that help participants in the system find each other and form efficient distribution groups called swarms Lessig points out that any extreme
of regulation on an industry obviously makes it difficult, sometimes impossible, for a wide range of creativity, especially in a free society. So he is
claiming that more of these lawsuits done by the RIAA stifle creativity. Lessig points our that the number of titles or albums sold through online
platforms went from 2 million to 4 million. Zettner has been able to make a diagnostic test to determine if the RIAA's claims are valid. Zettner lays out
three conditions that need to hold true for less certain rights to undermine the incentives for artistic

How Not Follow Copyright Law : An Exploratory Essay On...
How to Not Follow Copyright Law:
An Exploratory Essay on Copyright and Remix Culture
As time goes by, the rate at which art changes increases at a seemly exponential rate. Our culture has more ways than ever to publish and distribute the
things we make, and with the rise of the internet we can reach any audience with a Wi–Fi connection. This digital hyper–connectivity has led many
artists to create new forms of art, some of which have gone on to start trends and cultures. One of these cultures that has become a significant part of
online media is Remix Culture. The idea of taking someone else's art and making it your own is embraced and cherished by some, and detested by
others. As this genre of media has grown over the years, the line between what is and isn't a remix has drastically blurred. Some will spend hours upon
hours making a song sound completely different from its original counterpart, while others will simply chop it up and call it their own. Though laws
were once effective when dealing with copyright infringement, the rate art has grown has significantly surpassed the rate at which these laws have
changed. People are beginning to monetize their remixes in various ways, creating much controversy surrounding who should be getting paid, or if
anyone should get paid at all. As artists, it is important to know what these laws are exactly, so we can either abide by them or find our own
workarounds. As soon as a work is created in a tangible, fixed form, it is

Graduated Response Plan
CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY
The Graduated Response
System
Issues, Benefits and Alternative approach
Anik K Singh
8/11/2012
The Graduated Response System
INTRODUCTION
The growth of internet and its ever increasing pervasiveness has caused extensive digitization of copyrighted content not limited to a single format and
subsequently an increase in online piracy. This combined with the advent of P2Pfile sharing mechanisms as a massive means of infringement practice
has led to a paradigm shift in the approach to copyright infringement. Where unauthorized copying of a work was earlier considered a means of
increasing a work's market by stimulating its network effects, it is today seen as an unfair practice, a hindrance to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The decentralized nature of these systems meant that each user using the platform is capable of sharing and downloading data, hence each user
joining the network would add value to it (Network Effects) which in turn makes the network more attractive to others. To add, most of these systems
were open source which led to the development of multiple file sharing clients on each platform. The P2P networks saw viral adoption amongst the
internet using population of world and as such became a huge repository of copyrighted content available to be shared for free. The popularity of P2P
systems can be judged by the fact that
" it was estimated that at one point of time 35% of all traffic on the internet was due to Bit Torrent."[1]
The following statistics indicate the effect of the emergence of P2P networks on the music industry [2]
1. In the decade since peer–to–peer (p2p) file–sharing site Napster emerged in 1999, music sales in the U.S. have dropped 47 percent, from $14.6
billion to $7.7 billion.
2. From 2004 through 2009 alone, approximately 30 billion songs were illegally downloaded on file–sharing networks.
3. NPD reports that only 37 percent of music acquired by U.S. consumers in 2009 was paid for.
4. Frontier Economics recently estimated that U.S. Internet users annually consume between $7 and $20 billion worth of digitally pirated recorded

music.
5. According to the Information Technology &

Censorship And The Media Of Censorship
Privacy is viewed differently by different people, the same can be said about censorship. Censorship and privacy do not solely revolve around leaks
and personal intrusions from foreign entities. The advent of social media and cell phones have created new avenues for people to communicate and
share information; The internet provides people a new and global way to spread information that can be considered worthy of censorship. Many people
I know argue that censorship should not be commonplace in the media, in social media, or even in the entire Internet. Public's right to privacy and
censorship awareness is a very real thing we should come to realize and analyze. Censorship affects the public in very real ways, it can both aid and
deter the spread of propaganda. People need to consider what type of information is being spread through these outlets. Focused on how people
perceived as such actions with fear and uneasiness, it's fair to note that contrast between censoring and right to freely spread information. It can lead to
an increase in violation claims from those attitudes. If people feel uncertain about the benefits of censorship, then they are more willing to point out the
flaws in it. The public's view towards the subject matter greatly influences on how well the issue is addressed in society. It's not only federal and state
institutions that may participate in censoring what goes on the internet, nor is it just the media putting a spin to spread entertaining

Security And Stability Of Internet
policy related to security and stability of internet, exchange of information in the scientific community, affordability of the Internet in the developing
world, disclose of emerging issues to the general public, use and misuse of the Internet among others.
Internet Software Piracy
Software is the programming language and the operative system that runs a computer and allows the user to execute actions such as send and receive
information through pictures, music, videos, text messages, GPS coordinates, etc. Most of the software today require access to Internet before you can
download them to your computer. Internet has changed humankind in several ways, including the way people illegally share media property to each
other. In the past the unauthorized copyright of any computer program or software was possible only through the physical exchange of disks or other
hard media either by mail or on the street. Today, based on a report issued by the Software Alliance (BSA) in October 2009, Internet Software Piracy
occurs when the Internet: is used to:
Access to sites to download copies of illegal software;
Promote and commercialize pirated software that is forwarded hrough the mail and email; or
Offer and transmit breaking codes and other tools to by–pass anti–copying security features.
This illegal activity is untraceable many times because the buyers of the illegal software are instructed to pay and download the product through
different websites. It is a

Internet Piracy And Its Effect On Our Society
How many songs does the average person have on their Mp3 devices? The Apple iTunes Company's statistics have shown that the average person's
iTunes library has just over 7,000 songs downloaded onto it (Gurman). Those numbers seem substantially high, especially considering that most
songs on iTunes each cost $1.29. That would mean that the average person spends roughly $9,030 dollars on their music library alone, right?
Wrong. According to Apple, the total spending per iTunes account is merely $43 per year, and that's across all media types. $43 dollars for an
average of 7,000 songs? Now that just doesn't add up. In recent years, internet piracy or "file sharing" of copyrighted material has gained much
popularity. It has been the recent advances in our technology that has made it main stream in the eyes of the general public. "Film makers, record
companies, and many other entertainment industries suffer from billions of dollars in lost profits every year... this loss comes as a direct result of
internet piracy" (Cherry 1). There is rising debate on the issue of file sharing as an unethical crime. Many consider it to be no different than downright
theft. But are internet pirates being looked upon like criminals? For years, American authorities have made numerous attempts to stop piracy in its
tracks. However, many court cases involving software theft have shown that not all pirates are being punished equally. With piracy becoming a rising
issue between American authorities, it

Questions On Data Protection Act 1998
P3– understand the issues related to the use of information: Legal issues: Data protection legalisation (e.g. data protection act 1998) Purpose: The
main purpose of the Data Protection Act is to give all individual(s) the rights over their personal data and information. The act requires anyone who
handles an individual's personal data to agree with a number of important principles and legal obligations. All individuals are entitled upon making an
access request, to be supplied with a copy of any information held about them. The individuals also have the right to challenge the processing of their
personal data and to claim compensation if they suffer a loss or damage because of the inaccurate information. Implications: The implications... Show
Names Addresses Contact information Employment history Medical conditions Convictions Credit history Freedom of information act 2000: The
freedom of information act provides public access to information held by the public authorities, this therefore means that public authorities are obligated
to publish certain information about their activities and any member of the public is entitled to request this information from the authorities
themselves. This act covers any recorded information that is held by public authorities in most parts of the UK (England, Wales & Northern Ireland),
information held by Scottish authorities is covered by their own freedom of information act that was introduced in 2002 so therefore Is somebody in
England wanted some information from the Scottish public authorities then they wouldn't be able to get it so easily. Therefore are a few implications
of the freedom of information act such as the fact that all companies that hold open access information must be able to actually dispatch the information
to the person requesting it within 20 working days otherwise they would be. Therefore going against this law that was introduced in the year 2000 and
they therefore could face criminal offences for withholding information that should be open to the public. This particular act applies with a few
businesses that actually

The Rights Of The Sound Maker
The provision expresses the rights of the sound maker, i.e. what is not required is implied. The implication is that anybody apart from the marker is
prevented by the Act to make reproductions without authority (Craig, 2011, p. 105). On 23rd of June 2015, the rules of regulating sound recordings
were modified. The modifications were to the effect that unpublished sound recordings would last for fifty years after fixation. If the sound recordings
are published before the copyright expires, the term application is seventy years before its publication or a hundred years from the date of fixation.
Consequently, it also extends the copyright for musical performers works contained in the recordings (Craig, 2011, p.226). According to McCormack
(2010), the Canadian Intellectual Property Office defines performers' performances. It states that copyright applies to a performer's performance
provided that it occurs in Canada or in any other country that accords its membership to the Rome Convention country. Such performances will also
qualify if it is embodied in a sound recording, whose producer is either a citizen or permanent resident of Canada and or member country of Rome
Convention. However, if the producer of a sound recording is a corporation, its headquarters must be based in Canada or a member of the Rome
Convention. It all implies that the intellectual property protection and, in particular, copyright rules will apply, as long as the disclaimer is either a
Canadian

The Music And Motion Picture Industry
Kanye West, a famous hip–hop artist, stated in the latest episode of "Keeping Up with the Kardashians" that "the internet destroyed the music industry"
(2015). What did he mean by this? He meant that since the boom of technology and the immergence of the Internet, it is easy for someone to place a
file on the internet and share it worldwide. File sharing, in and of itself, is not illegal. The problem or the legality of file sharing comes to play when
you share or receive a file that you did not pay for yourself. The copyright laws state that it is unlawful to download or share copyrighted works such
as music or movies without the expressly written consent or authorization of the copyright owner. The music and motion picture industry have taken
an aggressive approach in efforts to stop illegal file sharing and piracy. When I think of files sharing, the first couple of services that comes to mind
are Napster and Pirate Bay.
"This system, what's most interesting about it is, you're interacting with peers, you're exchanging information with a person down the street."–Shawn
Fanning, Napster co–founder
Back in 1999, a college student by the name of Shawn Fanning created a college "project" called Napster. Napster was a file–sharing service that many
people utilized to get their music. Before Napster, the only way to share a file was to email it to a recipient, or to burn it to a disk or thumb drive and
physically give it to someone. Napster only survived a few years

The Legal And Economic Concerns Of Copyright Laws
As computers and the Internet have become widespread illegally downloading files has become cheaper and easier than ever before. Copyright laws
are broken so often the basis of them are put into question. Each new generation of musicians, writers, and artists face more difficult odds at making a
living from their passion. This paper will discuss the legal and economic concerns of copyright laws. First, this paper will describe the background and
history of copyright laws. Then, this paper will cover the concepts of ownership and stealing. It will then discus file sharing and how it has affected the
entertainment industry. Finally, it will conclude with a look at how a hypothetical system without copyright laws would function.
The World Intellectual Property Organization is an international organization whose purpose is promoting innovation and creativity by ensuring that
the rights of owners of intellectual property and creators are globally protected, and that authors and inventors are thus rewarded and recognized for
their ingenuity.[1] The term intellectual property refers to the creations of the human mind and includes patents, trademarks, trade secrets and
copyright.[1] Copyright allows the creator to have full control over reproduction, distribution, ownership, broadcasting, communicating to the public,
performing publicly, renting, and the right to distort or modify their work.[1]
The origin of copyright came from the need to protect book authors from printing press

In China, Why Piracy Is Here to stay
LEARNING TASK 1:
INDIVIDUAL NEWS ARTICLE ANALYSIS
In China, Why Piracy Is Here To Stay Introduction:
The focus of this article is to address about the digital piracy problem happening in China. The problem of Piracy exists ever since the birth of
copyright law. Never the less most of the countries do have certain amount of digital piracy problem going on. Piracy cannot be easily controlled,
hence comes the copyright laws and digital piracy law into action.
Summary:
China is largest and developed country in the world and where piracy prevails since very long and still to continue. Before it was in the form of
material copying and today it exists as digital copying. Therefore, there is a strong call for a more powerful copyright protection. Piracy is a serious
ethical problem in China. China is getting more concern on the piracy now than the past. Piracy is an illegal duplication and distribution and selling of
copies of the materials copyrighted, without the permission by law ("Digital piracy," 2011). Today, the term is universal and is used not only in
relation to books but also for music, movies, software, pharmaceuticals and inventions as well as other intellectual properties.( Adrian Johns, 2011),
China has more complexity than other countries with its distinctive cultural, political and social conditions. The piracy problem is hence complex and
difficult to predict in China. As the second largest economic entity in the world, its national legislation and

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