Australia’S Potential Uranium Mining Industry

AustraliaвЂ™s Potential Uranium Mining Industry
Australia's Potential Uranium Mining Industry
Summary
Australia's Uranium Resource Position Australia is the worldвЂџs richest country in terms of uranium resources. AustraliaвЂџs uranium resources are
spread over 85 deposits and accounts for 23% of the worldвЂџs total resources. Kazakhstan is the current largest producer, producing 40% more tonnes
of uranium than Australia while have considerably less reserves. Canada has the highest grade deposits but with much less resources than Australia,
however they too produce much more uranium. 'Three Mine Policy' Introduced more than 30 years ago this policy inhibited the growth of AustraliaвЂџs
uranium mining industry until 2007. The policy was changed in order to promote the future of Australia. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(World Nuclear Association 2010: Uranium and Nuclear
Power in Kazakhstan)
Canada Canada has a long history of uranium mining dating back to the 1930вЂџs. It had the largest production of uranium for many years until
overtaken by Kazakhstan in 2009. (World
Nuclear Association 2010: Uranium in Canada)
Canada has the worldвЂџs largest high grade uranium mine; the McArthur River mine. It is also the most productive mine and contributed around
15% of world production in 2008. This deposit has reserves of 168 000 tonnes of uranium at a grade of 21.2%. (InfoMine 2005),
(OECD 2007)
вЂћThree Mines PolicyвЂџ
The вЂћThree Mine PolicyвЂџ became effective after the Labor Party was voted into power in 1983. In the same month as taking office the new
Federal Labour Government revoked the negotiating licences of the uranium companies in Australia. The Ranger and Narbarlek mines were relicensed
after reapplication and in November of 1983
Caucus voted to approve the Roxby Downs project (today known as Olympic Dam) and prevent the operation of any new uranium mines. In the 1984
ALP National Conference the Government amended its party platform and its new position became known as the вЂћThree Mines PolicyвЂџ. (Panter,
Kay 1994)

In 2007 the newly appointed Prime Minister Kevin Rudd announced a change in uranium mining policy which led to the end of the 23 year old
вЂћThree mine policyвЂџ in order to promote the future of Australia. Currently
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Radioactive Waste : Nuclear Power
Radioactive waste
Nuclear Power is one of the only energy producing technology that is held accountable for all wastes produced; note that, the cost of the waste is
accounted for in capital cost. Nuclear power accumulates relatively minimal amounts of nuclear waste in volume as compared to fossil fuel generation
that produces a large amount of waste and greenhouse gas emissions. The nuclear fuel waste produced is in part used as an energy source for a fast
breeder reactor while the burners' waste is fully disposed through waste management processes.
Mining and Milling
As part of the process of mining uranium; fine sandy tailings are produced; such materials encompass all the natural radioactive materials in the
uranium ore. The tailings are placed in engineered tailings dams where they are enclosed with a coat of clay and rock to prevent escape of radon gas
and guarantee durability. The tailings material will be enclosed with water and eventually the tailings holds approximately 75% of the radioactivity of
the original ore. This process described above is not designated as radioactive waste as stated by the world nuclear association.
Conversion, enrichment, fuel fabrication
The conversion, enrichment and fuel fabrication process includes Uranium Oxide from mining minerals known as "yellowcake' (U3O8). The
yellowcake is stated as being minimally radioactive. Once the uranium Oxide is refined, it is converted into Uranium Hexafluoride gas (UF6). As
Uranium Hexafluoride

Radioactive Decay Honors
8.01 Half–Life and Radioactive Decay Honors
By: Amanda Sirianni
Naturally Occurring Radiation
Uranium:
1: Where is this substance most likely found, and how abundant is it?
Uranium can be found in a lot of places in small quantities such as rocks, soil, and water. However, its harder to find uranium in amounts that are worth
the trouble.
2: What type of decay does this substance undergo, and how harmful can it be to those exposed?
Naturally forming uranium undergoes radioactive decay by emission of an alpha particle and gamma radiation. As the decay continues, it releases
radiation.This is an extreme health issue that, in large amounts, can cause cancer and liver damage.
3: What can be done to protect against the radiation produced by this isotope?
To avoid harmful uranium, people ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Is it used in the medical, industrial, scientific, or other fields?
Uranium can be used to produce nuclear energy, it's renewable, and it means less pollution which in turn helps the environment.
Radiation Used by Humans and Technology
The use of iodine–131 in the medical field
1:What careers or fields use this type of radiation, and why is it used?
Doctors use Iodine–131. Iodine–131 can be used to treat someone with hyperthyroidism. It can also be used to treat thyroid cancer. It can also be used
as a type of medical imaging.
2:What are the benefits and risks associated with using this material, and how common is its use?
This material is used quite frequently as it can heal sick people. There are a few risks, but it's mostly little things. A sore throat feeling can be a side
effect.
However, there can be some more serious ramifications such as a loss of the thyroid gland all together.

3&4: What waste materials, if any, are produced by the use of this substance, and how is the waste handled and disposed of? What other important
information should we be aware of regarding this particular material and its

Nuclear Energy Pros And Cons
Some may ask what is nuclear energy the dictionary defines this as:
nuclear energy
n.
1. The energy released by a nuclear reaction, especially by fission or fusion.
2. Nuclear energy regarded as a source of power. Also called atomic energy
Nuclear power was first known to be researched in the early 1900's, and by the world war; it reached its greatest peak by demonstrating to the world its
power to destroy. Nuclear energy can be good or bad, depending on how the person works with this material; it is used for both sides good and bad.
Scientists were unsure from the beginning of how it was possible to get energy from the material called Uranium. They were sure that with its ... Show
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States have fought DOE's efforts on the grounds that the site is unsafe, pointing to potential activities earthquakes, volcano's, water infiltration,
underground flooding, nuclear chain reactions, and fossil fuels and mineral deposits that might encourage human intrusion in the future.
However, DOE contends that the evidence so far indicates that the places that they have chosen are likely to prove suitable and that studies of the site
should continue.
The safety of geological disposal of highly radioactive waste depends highly on the characteristics of the rock formations around it from which a
repository would be hollowed out. Many geological formations are believed to have remained undisturbed for millions and millions of years, it
appeared technically possible to isolate radioactive materials from the environment until they decayed high enough so that the level of the radioactive
material is not harmful.
Scientific confidence about the subject on the deep geologic disposal has been more difficult to apply to specific sites. Every high–level waste site that
has been proposed by DOE discoveries of unacceptable flaws, such as groundwater flows or earthquake vulnerability, that could release radioactivity
into the environment, this is not good for nature.
Their are both pro's and con's

Nuclear Energy In Australia Essay
Introduction
Recently, there has been debates on whether or not Australia should result to nuclear energy for some of its energy source. The main issue is to do
with the risk when nuclear energy is used. The chance of a nuclear disaster in a nuclear power plant is actually incredibly small, however, if the risk
does occur, the consequence is devastating. (Gary Was, 2015). Australia also currently has nonuclear power generators, which is a surprise since it
owns about 31% of the world's uranium resources. (Wikipedia, Last Modified 16 July 2015). Back in February 8th this year, Premier Jay Weatherill,
said that there would be a, "mature and robust conversation" about South Australia's future participation in a nuclear fuel cycle, including the prospects
for setting up nuclear power stations, uranium enrichment plants and a nuclear waste dump in the state. (George Lekakis, 2015).
How it works
Nuclear power plants work by turning water into steam. This steam then turns the turbine generators which produce the electricity. This works much
like a fossil fuel way of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Australia has a known estimated 1.66Mt (million tonnes) of uranium, and possibly more, which adds up to about 31% of the world's uranium
resources (as of 2011), (mining–technology.com, 2014). There are currently in Australia, three operating mines. These mines are: Ranger mine in
Kakadu, Northern Territory, mining 1,113 tonnes of uranium oxide from 2013– 2014. (World Nuclear Association, updated July 2015). Olympic Dam
mine, South Australia, mining about 3,988 tonnes of uranium oxide from 2013 – 2014 (World Nuclear Association, updated July 2015). And lastly,
Beverley mine, again in South Australia, and mining 188 tonnes of uranium oxide from 2013 – 2014 (World Nuclear Association, updated July

The Mining Of Uranium Mining
Uranium Mining Uranium ore can be mined underground or open–cut, this is dependent on the depth, which the uranium is at. In general, open pit
mining is used where the deposits are close to the earth surface, whereas the underground mining is used for deep deposits on average greater than 100
meters deep. Open–pit mining requires the removal of soil and waste rock on top of the ore to expose the hard rock. Then a pit is dug to access the
ore, where the walls of the pit are mined in a series of benches to prevent them from collapsing. This is also done so that the workers can mine each
bench by drilling holes into the rock and panting explosives, which are detonated to break up the rock. The broken rock is brought to the surface in a ...
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Since the concentration of the uranium mined is very high, the radioactivity is a potential hazard, hence there are precautions taken during the mining
and milling process to protect the health of the workers. The first and foremost is forced ventilation in the underground mines, to ensure that there is
no radioactive particle being breathed in. Efficient dust control as the dust may contain radioactive particles and emit radon gas. Keeping workers safe
by setting a limit to the radiation exposure in mines and mills as well as routine monitoring of air, dust and surface contamination is undertaken. In
Canada, this means that in area of high concentration of uranium, it is mined by remote control technology. Of course, working in a mine, the workers
are given the equipment and technology necessary to meet the radioactive conditions. At last, there are designated employees (those that are exposed
to uranium) are monitored for radiation contamination as well as personal dosimeters are worn to measure exposure to gamma radiation. Canadian
mines and mill facilities are designed to handle uranium ore grades up to 26%. Other method of mining in many places, if geological conditions allow
uranium to be dissolved from the ore by pumping oxygenated groundwater through a porous ore body to dissolve

Uranium Mining Essay
Health Effects of Uranium Mining Uranium was discovered in Cove, Arizona and then it was elsewhere in the reservation. There were four centers of
mining and milling operated on reservation land near Shiprock, New Mexico include the Carrizo Mountains, near Cove; Monument Valley, Utah;
Church Rock, New Mexico; and Kayenta, Arizona. In addition, many Navajo people traveled to mines off the reservation seeking work and would
often move their families with them in mine camps. The mineworkers were paid an hourly wage was less than a dollar. The jobs held included
blasters, timber men, muckers, transporters, and millers. Navajo mineworkers reported that their bosses were usually Caucasians. The foremen were
rarely ever in the mines. Mines ranged... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Superfund Program has provided technical assistance and funding to assess potentially contaminated sites and develop a response. In August of
2007, the Superfund Program compiled a Comprehensive Database and Atlas assessments of all known Uranium mines on the Navajo Nation. At the
request of the U.S. House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, the EPA, along with the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission, the Department of Energy, and the Indian Health Service developed a coordinated Five–Year Plan to address Uranium contamination in
consultation with Navajo Nation EPA. In January of 2013, six Federal agencies, in consultation with the Navajo Nation, completed a five–year effort to
address Uranium contamination in the Navajo Nation. The effort focused on the most imminent risks to people living on the Navajo Nation. While the
last five years represent a significant start in addressing the legacy of Uranium mining, much work remains and the same federal agencies have
collaborated to issue a second Five–Year Plan. The purpose of the second Five–Year Plan is to build on the work of the first plan, make adjustments
based on information gained during this period, and plan the next steps in addressing the most significant risks to human health and the

What Is False Uranium Mining?
My family has been a part of the mining industry for most of my life I myself live near many of the uranium mining areas. Through these affiliations
I have learned some of the processes by which uranium is mined. There are two different ways to mine uranium, the first way is to mine it is much
like how coal is mined. Depending of the depth of the uranium it can either be mined by using surface mining (open pit) or sub surface mining
(underground). The ore is removed by blasting and drilling than the ore is moved to the surface. After words it is ground up and mixed with chemicals
to separate the uranium from the rock. The second way is that they drill a hole into the ground than pumping a chemical solution through the hole to
chemically bind

The Navajo People Are The Largest Native American Tribe
The Navajo people are the largest Native American tribe in the United States, now with over 300,000 members. They are native to a large chunk of
Southwestern United States, mostly in New Mexico and Arizona, but also partially in Utah and Colorado. It was sometime between 1100– 1500 A.D.
when a distinguishable Navajo culture began to appear. The first Western contact that is known with the Navajo occurred near 1581– 1583 A.D.
Historians believe that the Navajo were relatively peaceful with their new Spanish neighbors. However there were some times over the centuries after
the Spanish settlement in which the Navajo fought Spanish settlers to retain their land.
The Navajo's first contact with the United States came during the Mexican American War. The area where the Navajo lived was seen as a strategic
area for the United States military. Troops were therefore brought to Navajo land to form treaties with them. Both sides more or less ignored these
treaties. Navajo groups and New Mexican settlers would often clash. The United States government began mobilizing troops to New Mexico, and
proceeded to establish military bases there. This initially established a precedence that the government could take advantage of the Navajo people. For
the most part, the Navajo wanted to avoid any conflict, and the United States government chose to exploit this.
Uranium is a naturally occuring chemical element that can be mined from ore in many parts of the Southwestern United States where

Essay about Porter's 5 in Mining Industry
1. Porters 5 forces Analysis:
1.1 Buyer power:
The buyers for mining industry usually have medium to high power. There are two elements that could affect the buyer's power. One is buyer's level of
negotiation; the other is buyer's price sensitivity. In our case, the two companies are producing coal and uranium. These two products are mainly used
for producing electricity. Buyers for these natural resources must have large quantity of demand, and also they usually have government behind them
for negotiation. Even through these natural resources are unrenewable and limited, there are other mining companies producing them and these
resources are undifferentiated from other companies products. This makes the buyers have high ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1.3 Rivalry among existing firms:
The competition of mining industry is medium to high. One major competition for mining industry is the competition for resources and mines, which
is different from other industries. Since the resources are limited and unrenewable, together with the continues increasing demand for energy, such as
coal demand of China and India, the battle of exploiting and developing new mines are intensive. Also, there are many competitors in the industry.
However, since the exit barriers are high, the competition is limited within the existing companies. Companies in the industry might battle for larger
market share but facing little threat of new entries. Thus, the competition in the industry is concluded as medium to high.
1.4 Threat of new entrants:
New entrants may pose a threat to the company by introducing new innovative products at a competitive prices and eating into their market share and
customer loyalty. The threat of entry for the coal and uranium industry tends to be low due to high entry barriers. The reason for this is the government
regulations and restriction on coal and uranium mining companies. Resources of coal and uranium are laminated. The capital expenditure or set up of
mining company is very high. Moreover, mining companies has a high exit cost and that because the use of specialized asset. Also,

Should Society Make Nuclear Fission Obsoletes
Nuclear Fission
Our society is in danger of nuclear fission due to all the natural and unnatural events happening in our economy that can cause a nuclear explosion or
it can lead to nuclear terrorism or even nuclear war. Nuclear fission is a very dangerous job and the actual energy maker costs money to create and
with reactors in high demand in large cities, it is costing the U.S. billions of dollars. Nuclear reactors also have harmful effects on local populations
when they are mining for uranium nearby. With many negative effects our overall society should makenuclear fission obsolete.
With many negative effects our overall society should make nuclear fission obsolete. In 2009 the U.S. lost over 10 billion dollars (along with very long
construction times)just to create a few nuclear reactors. This shows that the actual nuclear reactors take the longest time to create and get up running.
"There are many harmful effects of the mining of uranium in and near local populations". Even though uranium is an essential part of the running
nuclear reactor it is harmful when they are mining for it near local populations. When uranium is being mined for the rocks it releases harmful gasses
that can cause cancer or other inner organs. Ultimately nuclear fission is very ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Many countries abandoned the NPI treaty and created their own nuclear weapons that can be used against the U.S. at their will". The NPI treaty was
a treaty that was made to agree to stop the production of nuclear weapons around the world. Many countries like China or Japan and many others have
abandoned the treaty and began the creation of nuclear weapons. "Terrorist groups have already had an arsenal of nuclear weapons". Terrorist groups
like Al–Qaeda and ISIS have created several nuclear weapons. A nuclear war may happen in our near future against

The Environmental Protection Agency ( Epa )
Radiation Cleanup Organizations The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that there are over one thousand sites in the United States
contaminated with radionuclides. Many of these contaminated sites have been thoroughly cleaned in a process to decontaminate the site to meet
certain standards. These locations vary in size ranging from a small laboratory to a decommissioned nuclear power plant and even a large scale nuclear
weapons facility. The Department of Energy (DOE) along with many other government agencies understands the risk involved with exposure to large
doses of radiation and has established cleanup programs throughout the Unites States. These cleanup programs are responsible for decontaminating the
site to ensure the public is safe from radiation exposure. The following describes radioactive cleanup programs in the United States, and the huge role
they play in keeping the nuclear industry as safe as possible. One of the oldest radionuclide cleanup programs is the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial
Action Program (FUSRAP). The FUSRAP is a predecessor of both the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) and the Manhattan Engineering District. The
Atomic Energy Commission and the Manhattan Engineering District conducted cleanup programs in the 1940s and 1950s targeting the production of
uranium and thorium, along with their storage. While the Atomic Energy Commission and the Manhattan Engineering District did everything they
could to meet health and safety

Why Do Nuclear Power Plants Go Wrong
From an environmental standpoint nuclear power plants are extremely clean when it comes to electrical power generation. However, there are a lot of
ways where nuclear power plants can go wrong. Improperly functioning a nuclear power plant can create problematic situations. Take the Chernobyl
disaster for instance, because of their poorly designed nuclear power plant it released tons of radioactivity which scattered across the atmosphere. This
resulted in everyone leaving the city. Another recent incident was in Fukushima (Japan), a tsunami hit the nuclear power plants which caused the tins
to break and release radioactivity as well. Still to this day there is radioactive dust scattered all over the ground. Moreover, mining and purifying
uranium

Depleted Uranium Research Paper
Overview
Depleted uranium, referred here as DU, is a by–product of the naturally produced element uranium, a member of the periodic table. Exposure to DU is
commonly talked about by almost everyone in the military spending time out of the wire, however, not limited to only those combat service members.
Uranium History and Beginning Risks
Before going straight in on the subject of DU, it would be appropriate to explain it's parent. Uranium goes back many centuries. According to Briner
(2010), Uranium assisted the Germans in the creation of certain textiles and paint in the 1500s. Miners were needed to retrieve this element and over
time lung cancer set in the miners due to radioactive dust from uranium (p. 304). Later in time, the United States took interest in uranium. According to
Brugge & Goble (2002), it was in 1948 the uranium mining boom started exposing people to radiation dust leading to lung cancer, similar situation to
Germany.
DU and the Idea
DU is the waste product of Uranium and serves many advantages to the military. According to Briner (2010), The Gulf War in 1990 began the
introduction of DU in munitions and armor. DU provided a massive advantage over enemy armored vehicles and oppositely, DU armor protected US
military vehicles from enemy munitions (p. 304–305). However, the application of DU is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to (Depleted uranium : Sources, exposure and health effects, 2001), DU was not really a big until the military started using it in war. DU
is known have less than half the radiation of natural uranium (p. iii). Studies show the inhalation of DU is the most dangerous type of exposure.
Intake via food and water would be the next. It would be intersting to know that DU will not pass through skin and infect the body (p. iv). While DU
has risks, it also acts as a safety curtain. DU acts as a radiation shield while dentists work with gamma radiation and during transportation of nuclear
sources (p.

Navajo People : Health Effects Of Uranium Mining
Navajo People: Health Effects of Uranium Mining
The growing demand for consumer goods, such as electricity, fuel for vehicles, plastics and petrochemical products, etc., threatens the biodiversity. It
also threatens the ecosystems and effects the environmental health. Many Navajo people traveled to mines off the reservation seeking work and would
often move their families with them in mine camps. The mineworkers, the only job that was available, were paid at an hourly wage was less than a
dollar. The jobs included blasters, timber men, muckers, transporters, and millers. Other health hazards have emerged, in particular uranium mining.
The hazards of uranium mining have caused serious respiratory disease and that other respiratory illnesses, including silicosis, tuberculosis, pneumonia,
and emphysema, were causing deaths in uranium mineworkers at rates approaching those from lung cancer.
Though, there were more than 1000 abandoned uranium mines are on Navajo Reservation, over 7 million tons of uranium ore were extracted from
Navajo lands and approximate 750 mines in operation. Uranium has been extracted from open–pits and underground mines. The milling process
extracts uranium oxide from ore to form yellowcake, a yellow or brown powder that contains about 90 percent uranium oxide. The total volume of
mill tailings generated in the U.S. is over 95 percent of the volume of all radioactive waste from all power production.
Uranium is a very heavy metal which can

Uranium Mining Essay
Uranium was discovered by Martin Klaproth in 1789. Klaproth was a German Chemist that discovered Uranium in a mineral call pitchblende. It was
named after Uranus, the planet, which had been discovered eight years earlier. Uranium occurs in most rocks in concentrations of 2 to 4 parts per
million and is common in the Earth's crust. This highly density element is used in keels of yachts and as counterweights for aircraft control surfaces,
as well as for radiation shielding. This element principal uses is in fuel for nuclear reactors and the main raw material for nuclear weapons. Depleted
uranium is the waste product of uranium enrichment in nuclear reactors. It is the residue left in massive quantities when bomb–grade uranium is ...
It can combine with and bind citrates and carbonates in your body. It can deposit in your liver, spleen, and kidneys. This can be caused by breathing
in uranium dusts or by eating substances containing the element. Uranium mining is a major occupation where people are dealing with this element in
the industry world. Overexposures to this hazard is dealt with when mining. Major mining are done in Australia and Canada, which has been done for
over 40 years. Safety regulations today are among the most comprehensive and stringent in the world. It has been reported due to inspections that
radiation doses in the mines are well within regulatory limits. In occupational settings, the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) regulates the
limits of worker exposures based on the solubility of the uranium compound. The Department of Energy (DOE) has issued regulations applicable to its
facilities that limit environmental discharges and worker exposure to uranium isotopes. OSHA has established the permissible exposure level (PEL)
for airborne uranium in the workplace as 0.25 milligrams cubic meter at a time weighted average (TWA) of a 40– hour workweek. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) has established a maximum contaminant level (MCL) for uranium of 30 micrograms per liter (Вµg/L) in drinking water.
The MCL is the maximum permissible level of a contaminant in water that is delivered to any user of a public water system. EPA finalized this MCL for

Pros And Cons Of Nuclear Radiation
Nuclear Radiation – Good or Bad? Nuclear Radiation Nuclear radiation is the process by which an unstable isotope loses energy. There are three types
of radiation, alpha, beta and gamma. Alpha is the weakest, gamma is the strongest (can pass through almost anything) Dangerous radiation Alpha
radiation can be highly dangerous when ingested whereas gamma radiation can inflict damage externally with its ability to pass through almost any
surface. Inhaling alpha radiation can cause lung cancer. The most common way of inhaling alpha radiation is through tobacco smoke. If water becomes
contaminated by alpha radiation, if consumed, can cause kidney and chromosol damage. Gamma radiation can cause radiation poising. Side effects of
this could be nausea, vomiting, bleeding, mouth sores, nausea, diarrhea and loss of hair. Xenon– 133 Atomic number – 54 Xenon 133 emits ionizing
particles to lose energy and become stable. It emits beta radiation and a small amount of gamma radiation when it decays. After decaying is becomes
the stable isotope Cesium–133. It has a half–life of 5.243 days. Xenon–133 is primarily used for imaging the lungs and assessing pulmonary function.
The gas doesn't occur in the body nor is used by the body, the gas passes through the cell membranes in the human body and has a better solubility in
body fats than in blood or plasma. If you had a sample of Xenon–133 in your pocket then you might experience coughing, difficulty with swallowing,
dizziness, fast

Argumentative Essay On Nuclear Energy
Energy is one of the most viable resources in our modern powered world. "In 2015, The US Energy Information Administration reported that the
modern world consumed 575 quadrillion British thermal units (Btu). That figure is projected to increase by 28% to 736 quadrillion Btu by the year
2040" (US Energy Info Admin. 2017). Our high consumption of fossil fuels to power our modern world produces large amounts of carbon dioxide,
which scientists say contribute to climate change. Currently, a debate rages over climate change and the need to reduce our emissions. On both sides
of that debate are people who favor nuclear power as a cleaner and renewable resource and those who oppose it due to fears of environmental
catastrophes. While nuclear energy is an efficient and more powerful sustainable energy source, it is environmentally dangerous and expensive to build,
use and decommission.
Nuclear energy is energy produced from an atomic reaction through a process of fission. The splitting of uranium atoms produces a lot of heat.
Nuclear power plants use this heat to produce steam to run the turbines that create electricity. This form of energy lowers our greenhouse emissions by
reducing our use of fossil fuels like coal and oil. It is the largest clean–air energy source that does not emit carbon dioxide and the only one that is
capable of producing large and continuous amounts of electricity. The Nuclear Energy Institute estimates that using nuclear power saves roughly 2.4
billion tons

Uranium Mining In Utah
Uranium mining in Utah started in the 1940's during WWII when uranium was in high demand in use of bombs. Uranium was found in all parts of
Utah in areas like Lisbon Valley, White Canyon and even a little bit at the highly famous Bingham Canyon Mine. Yet mostly in an area near Moab that
located in the Red Rocks of Southern Utah by a man name Charles Steen. He is the one that found high uranium deposits in Southern Utah. They call it
the "Uranium Boom of 1952" Uranium is a element that is highly radioactive, which is why it was used during WWII. During World War II uranium
and other highly radioactive supplements, were in very high demand. These radioactive minerals were used in a way that caused what is called a
nuclear explosion. Though,

Business Description
1. Business and Product Description
Cameco (Acquirer)
Businese Overview
* One of the largest uranium exploration and process for nuclear plants * Production and distribution of components of nuclear reactors and unique
alloy products (Mlb) * Proven and Probable 465 * M&I 244 * Inferred 287 * 2012 Production 21.9 * Fuel Service * Cameco is a major supplier of
Uranium processing service, offering fuel refining, coversion, manufacturing and generation of uranium concentrate and sales of conversion. *
Electricity (Generation and Sale of Electricity) * 31.6% in BruceBruce Power Limited Partnership (South Ontario)
* Uranium segment carries about 66.61% of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the process of selection, Paladin came into sight with two reasons. First, as a uranium company, Paladin holds sizeable reserves with high expected
production growth rate and therefore fit Cameco's growth strategy. Second, Paladin is currently deeply undervalued. Combined with the bullish
expectation about the future of uranium industry, making a bid for Paladin now is consistent with Cameco's acquisition strategy to undertake an
acquisition at the right time and the right price.
Paladin Energy Ltd (PDN) (Target)
Businese Overview
Its main business activities engage in acquisition, exploration, evaluation, development and operation of uranium * Uranium Production * Namibia
& Malawi projects (Major projects)
Aurora Project etc (Developing) * Reserves (Mlb) * M&I 378.07 * 2012 Production 6.9 * Inferred 150.7
Namibian project * Stage 2 construction has completed, which increased its production from 2.6 Mlb to 3.7Mlb. * The commencing stage 3
construction would raise its production of 3.7Mlb to 5.2Mlb. * Completion of stage 4 construction by 2014 would bring up to 10Mlb U3O8
production. * This segment takes about 65.39% of total annual revenue (2011 figure).
Kayelekera Mine * The first commercial mining venture for Malawi, where has accounted for around 34.61% of the total revenue of PDN (2011

figure). * PDN holds the Kayelekera Mine licence.
Paladin's

The Uranium: The First Atomic Bomb
Uranium was first discovered during the 18th century (Institute for Energy and Environmental Research). It's a silver–white metal that is radioactive
and has high density (Lenntech). However, scientists studied uranium as it has radioactive properties but have found that uranium is only harmful if
you're exposed to it more often than usual or the natural amount (which I'll go over in the second paragraph) (Lenntech). Natural uranium has three
isotopes (which are essentially different forms of the same element. While they have the same number of protons, they have a different number of
neutrons): uranium–238, uranium–235, and uranium–234 (Lenntech). Uranium plays a major role in nuclear reactions and is essential when making
nuclear weapons (Institute for Energy and Environmental Research). In fact, the first atomic bomb that was used during war was an uranium bomb
(Lenntech). Depleted uranium (uranium ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As of lately, alternative techniques have been becoming more popular. An example of this would be something called in–situ leach mining where
leaching liquid (also referred to as solutions) are poured into deposits to dissolve the uranium. When mining uranium, you have a risk of getting lung
cancer as you are basically inhaling uranium decay (Lenntech). When mining and/or milling, we release uranium. Tailings from those mines and/or
mills can add more uranium in the environment which can be quite problematic (Institute for Energy and Environmental Research). For example, those
tailings (which will mostly likely contain radioactive materials) can contaminate groundwater and has been proven to. Water samples that were nearby
these tailing pipes were discovered to have so many materials or "contaminants" that it surpassed the government's acceptable level for drinking water
by hundreds (Institute for Energy and Environmental

Essay about The Need for Some Restriction on Uranium...
Uranium is a common naturally occurring radioactive element in the earth's crust. It was initially used to coloring glass or ceramic glaze (M.
Eisenbud & T. Gesell 1963: 319), whereas it became the nuclear fuel used in nuclear reactors and atomic bomb until 1939 when O. Hahn and F.
Strassmann discovered the nuclear fission of uranium, and its released tremendous energy can be used for generate electricity or as a weapon. Even
there occurred such a speech, 'who owns the uranium could be the world' (T. Zoellner 2009). Therefore, the world has entered a uranium mining boom.
Meantime, it also has given rise to people's discussions whether the uranium mining should be on a large scale without restrictions. Some people
believe that uranium ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the first place, uranium mining could produce huge economic benefits to Australia. Worldwide uranium resources are mainly distributed in the
United States, Canada, South Africa, South–West Africa, Australia and other countries and regions. The uranium reserves of Australia accounting for
23% of total are the world's largest, and the producing from mines of Australia are occupied 19.2 percent roughly of the world's uranium, just followed
Canada. In the period 2008–2009, Australia generate over A$ 1 billion of export revenue by producing more than 10,000 tons of uranium oxide (NOVA
science in the news 2009). Therefore, the uranium mining is considered as an important industry in Australia export.
In the second place, uranium mining may ease the air pollution to some extent. The worldwide uranium mining is mostly used in nuclear power station,
which is unlikely to coal–fired power stations that generate carbon dioxide and atmospheric pollution. It could cut down 4.0 million tons of carbon
dioxide if coals are replaced by uranium, which is such a huge amount to lead to the greenhouse effect (NOVA science in the news 2009). Hence, it
could alleviate the environmental crisis by reduce the emission of carbon dioxide.
However, these advantages are weaker than its disadvantages, because uranium mining could have negative impacts on human health, political and
social issues. Firstly, uranium mining

Uranium Is A Hazardous Elements
Uranium
Uranium is a chemical element that is silvery–white with an atomic number of 92 having 92 protons and neutrons. In Colorado the Uravan Mineral
Belt is the oldest uranium mining in America. It was also has 1,200 historic mines that produce over 63 million pounds of Uranium from 1948 to 1978.
Uranium is a hazardous element the reason so is because if inhaling uranium decaying products causes lung cancer also uranium mill tailings contain
that contain radioactive ,materials, notably radium–226, and heavy metals which leach out into groundwater and test from mill tailings from water
shows that that water contamination are at hundreds of times the government's acceptable level of drinking water. Uranium plants or mill tailing plants
also

Uranium in the Four Corners Essay
Not since the 1980's has a recent surge of uranium mining claims occured in the Four Corners region. Energy Fuel Resources Inc. has placed its
Canyon Mine on standby and expects to resume shaft sinking operations December of next year, when an official court ruling is made and depending
on market conditions. Earlier this year the Havasupai Tribe and a coalition of conservation groups sued the United States Forest Service for allowing
Energy Fuel Resources Inc. to operate a mine under a 1986 federal environmental review without tribal consultation. The Canyon mine was previously
in non–operational status due to low uranium stock prices in 1992. Opponents of the uranium mining operation want the federal environmental review
updated and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All water is evaporated according to Moore, including rain and snowfall, but opponents of the mining proposition fear the potential impact uranium
could have, claiming that radioactive levels tend to be above the natural background. Bahr argues that the aquifer protection permit is essentially a
general permit that minimally enforces monitoring and groundwater protection. Referring to mining industry claims that these sites have minimal
surface disturbance Bahr states, "It is blight upon the land... but it doesn't take much for contamination." Conservation groups argue that irreversible
damage to important waters like Havasu Creek will occur if radioactive contaminants reach the groundwater that supply springs and seeps in the Grand
Canyon. In addition to environmental concerns, opponents argue that government regulation is too lax and as Bahr states, "It is all too easy to mine
on public lands and the Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management have made it extremely easy to validate claims." Although uranium miners
recognize federal obligations to reclaim operation sites Roger Clark, Grand Canyon Program

Uranium Mining On The Navajo Nation
Uranium Mining on The Navajo Nation Uranium mining on the Navajo Nation has had a negative impact on the land, the animals, and the people.
Although it brought jobs to the surrounding communities, and made it possible for men to provide for their families, it also brought devastation that
has haunted the people for the past fifty years. Uranium mining on the Navajo Nation began during the year 1948 when it was first discovered by a
group of surveyors near a town called Cove, Arizona. That discovery led to many more discoveries throughout the Navajo Nation in places like
Monument
Valley, Utah, Kayenta, Arizona, Shiprock, New Mexico, and Church Rock, New Mexico.
Uranium mining on the Navajo Nation was put to a stop during the year 2005

Dissertation on Uranium and its Isotopes Essay
1 Introduction
Uranium (U) has received much focus from scientists to government officials throughout the world since the discovery of fission. With attention
increasing on uranium, specifically the fissile isotope 235, ideas of controlling acquisition was brought forth. It was suggested by scientists of the
Manhattan Project that some organized system of control was needed on nuclear technology, including uranium [citation needed]. The
Acheson–Lillienthal report (look up report) described the imperfect nature of technology controls, and suggested an approach focused more on material
controls [citation needed]. While the current International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards system takes advantage of material controls,
accounting ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1.1 Natural Uranium Variations in Geologic Ores Uranium consists of four naturally occurring isotopes (238U, 235U, 234U, and 236U), with multiple
oxidation states. Variations in uranium isotopics are unique in that both chemical (redox interactions) and nuclear processes (decay and
volume–fractionation) play an important role. Four oxidation states known for uranium ions in aqueous solutions (+III to +VI) which usually exist as
U+3, U+4, UO2+, and UO2+2 [Gindler, 1978]. Under oxidizing conditions, uranium is primarily present in the hexavalent (VI) state, which can form
highly mobile soluble complexes (primarily with carbonates) [Langmuir, 1997]. In a reducing environment, however, uranium will primarily occur in
the tetravalent (IV) state. U+4 tends to form relatively insoluble complexes and has higher sorption kinetics compared to the hexavalent state
[Langmuir, 1997].
With an increase in measurement capabilities, all three isotopic ratios (relative to 238U) have been shown to naturally vary in some degree due to
various factors. The first uranium isotopic that was discovered to have natural variation was 234U/238U, the increased abundance of 234U in
seawater (~15%) perhaps being the best example [Chen et al., 1986]. Variations in 234U are a consequence of an increased mobility of 234U relative
to other uranium isotopes due to redox interactions. Production of 234U occurs through О±–decay of 238U, which subsequently results

Nuclear Power Has Been Highly Controversial
Nuclear power has been highly controversial in the world, specifically uranium mining. Uranium mining is an option that was presented to the world
for a source of nuclear weapons, nuclear medicine, as well as nuclear power. Uranium is a natural element, it has an average concentration of 2.8 per
million in the Earth's crust. Uranium is very abundant and is more plentiful than gold, silver, and mercury. The half–life of uranium–238 is 4.46 billion
years, the half–life of uranium–234 is 245,000 years, and uranium–235 has a half–life of 704 million years (Uranium: Its Uses and Hazards, n.d.). There
are four common kinds of extracting uranium from the ground; open pit and underground mining, in situ leach mining (ISL), heap leaching, and
milling. While there are several forms of mining that have proven to be affective at extracting uranium from the ground, none of the mining types have
been guaranteed to stop nuclear radiation in the area that the mining took place. Nuclear power has gotten a bad name ever since the atomic bomb, so
many people have become skeptical on how safe the rising expansion of uranium mining is. The environmental implications that uranium mining has
caused in the past has brought up the question on if the expansion of nuclear technology is worth the risk. Uranium is a highly radioactive element that
must be handled with care when mining. In almost all forms of mining, the ore is leached with sulfuric acid whether it is underground still or crushed
and

Critically Evaluate the Arguments for and Against Mining...
High Risk – Low Return: The case against uranium mining in Queensland
Australian Conservation Foundation Australian Manufacturing Workers Union Electrical Trades Union Friends of the Earth North Queensland
Conservation Council Queensland Conservation Council Queensland Nuclear Free Alliance The Wilderness Society
Cover picture: Mine tailings dam failure at Merriespruit, South Africa gold mine. On the day of the failure 50mm of rain fell in 30 minutes,
comparable to flooding rain quantities in Qld in recent summers (source: tailings.info)
High Risk – Low Return: The case against uranium mining in Queensland
1. Overview 2. Overstated economic potential 3. Environmental Impacts 4. Radiation and Health 5. Uranium and Indigenous ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In a nutshell, it is because the economic benefits are grossly overstated and are outweighed by the wide–ranging environmental, public health and
weapons proliferation problems and risks. Uranium accounted for 0.19 per cent of Australia's export revenue in 2011/12 (the last available figures)1.
By the most generous estimate, uranium accounts for 0.015% of all jobs in Australia.2 For Queensland, there is the additional limitation that the state
has around just 2% of Australia's uranium resources. Clearly, the industry has no capacity to deliver significant economic or employment benefits.
Instead of acknowledging the extremely limited economic potential of uranium mining in Queensland, the LNP state government, the Australian
Uranium Association and the Queensland Resources Council have continued a pattern of extravagant and unsubstantiated claims regarding jobs,
revenue and royalties. Enthusiasm is no substitute for evidence and limited sectoral self–interest is not the same as the public interest. The assumptions
and analysis of those promoting the uranium sector in Queensland needs to be challenged and reviewed.
Left: Mary Kathleen, former Qld uranium mine – poorly rehabilitated
1
In the absence of open, inclusive and evidence based policy making the Newman LNP government has set up the Uranium Implementation Committee.
The Committee has not sought broad community input and has not been asked to assess the

Persuasive Essay On Grand Canyons
The world is full of wonderful and amazing natural scenery, many of them located in the United States. One of these is the Grand Canyon. Just
imagine an amazing view, with a gorgeous desert and mountainous landscape in the background. When you look down, there is an amazing canyon
with a river on the bottom and so breathtaking that it makes people feel like they could become an eagle and just soar around this beautiful place.
There are animals, birds, trees and so much beauty that it could inspire anyone to do anything. It is one of the most awe–inspiring places I've ever been
in and would recommend it to all. But now imagine looking at this with a radioactive suit on, and looking more like a wasteland. There are many
dangers, mostly human produced, surrounding beautiful places like this, and in the Grand Canyons case, one of these dangers is uranium mining. This
activity produces many health and environment hazards that could destroy one ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, there was a dam break in 1979 In New Mexico that released radioactive waste water in to the Little Colorado River. There are four
streams in the Grand Canyon park that are currently suffering from contamination by the mining activity. In Utah, they are still trying to clean up one
of the nation's first mines in Moab and in Colorado, neighbors of a small community of Lincoln Park have had to stop drinking well water because of
contamination (Anna Aurilio et all 2).
Many groups and environmentalists have been fighting these mines and have had success and draw backs. In a story provided by Warren Day and
Jennifer Lavista, from the USGS, they state that the Secretary of State in 2012 withdrew all federal lands from any uranium mining petitions to be
able to better study the effects for at least 20 years. While this was somewhat a victory, the setback was that current opened mines could stay

Uranium Mining in Australia Essay
To what extent should there be limitation on the mining of uranium in Australia ?
Uranium has become a big issue as an alternative energy resource in the future due to the shortage of fossil fuel as a primary energy resource in the
world. Australia is one of country that has the largest uranium deposits in the globe. So, Australia has important opportunity to make a lot of money
from uranium exports to other countries. However, the Australian Government is still debating this issue because of the negative impact ofuranium
mining and exploration. For these reason, some people believe that uranium mining has more positive impacts on the economy such as, income benefits
from uranium exports and an increase a new job opportunities. However, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They also point out that the industry has forty per cent of the world uranium reserves. Based on that reasons, the uranium industry in Australia could
make a big profit from export of uranium if the government takes it seriously. Also, they should be good regulation for uranium trading such as local
trading and international trading. So, some people think that there should not be limitations on mining of uranium. Another argument against the
limitations on uranium mining in Australia is that uranium mining can increase job opportunities to local people in Australia. According to
Greenpeace Australia Pacific (2006), the uranium industry could create a large number of job opportunities because this industry needs a lot of
employees to support this industry. If the Australian Government expands its uranium mining, it will create potential local jobs and it would be one
solution to solve the unemployment problem. So, some people believe that the limitation of uranium mining is not necessary because it can reduce job
opportunities in Australia. These economic concerns are important in the uranium mining debate because the Australian Government can make huge
profits from that industry and solve the unemployment problem as well. However, there are some important aspects that must be considered such as,
uranium as the main material for nuclear weapons, nuclear power is not efficient or effective, and there is harmful radiation from the mining of
uranium.The first reason

The Pros And Cons Of Uranium Mining In Australia
Energy– Everyone needs it. The major challenge for the 21st century however, is generating this energy with the lowest impact on human and
ecological health. A number of differing production methods have been derived in response to this, one of the most controversial of which is Nuclear
energy supplied through Uranium mining. This is a uniquely topical issue in Australia, on account of the sheer amount of Uranium held in Australia's
borders (30% of the world's reserves) and its potential impact on Australia's economy (4), the politicised and partisan nature of nuclear debate, along
with longstanding opposition associated with such striking international disasters as the Chernobyl and, more recently, Fukushima events (1). With
such significant ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One significant advantage of nuclear energy through the mining of Uranium is its carbon neutral energy production property (3). However, during a
meltdown or another catastrophe, Nuclear reactors have the capacity to release significant amounts of toxic radioactive isotopes, such as Strontium 90,
Cadmium 113 and Caesium 137, which has the potential to cause significant harm to health (2) and biodiversity (11). Coal on the other hand is a
well–documented releaser of greenhouse gasses, with one tonne of coal generating 2.6 tonnes of CO2 alone. Globally, this accounts for 6.4 billion
tonnes of CO2 per year, with this value progressively increasing (5). Further, the use of coal in electricity production results in the release of
particulates into surrounding areas. Particularly in third world and developing nations where regulation on pollution is lax, this causes major tangible
health risks to those who live near the plants– a report by the World Health Organisation estimates that deaths directly related to outdoor pollution from
Coal–based electricity generation amounts to approximately 2 million deaths per year

The Chernobyl Disaster And The Fukushima Nuclear Disaster
Uranium, which is the ninety–second element on the periodic table, is a very interesting element. The radioactive uranium is used in atomic bombs.
Also, people use it in what is called nuclear power, an energy source that fourteen percent of the world uses. (NPR 3) In a nuclear power plant, a
process called fission that uses uranium is used to generate power. During fission, each uranium atom is bombarded by neutrons, causing each uranium
atom to turn into one atom of barium, one atom of krypton, and three neutrons. These three neutrons bombard other uranium atoms, resulting in more
neutrons being produced and creating a chain reaction. Each time the uranium atom split, energy is released. The leftover atoms are called nuclear waste.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As I mentioned before, uranium is used in atomic bombs. So, uranium mines are very dangerous and nuclear power is not safe. Right? I disagree.
Uranium mines have created ways to reduce radiation levels to their workers whenever they can and limits as how much radiation is allowed in a
uranium mine. Also, people have spent over forty years already creating safety regulations for uranium mines. Finally, there is not enough uranium in a
uranium mine for either of those to blow up like an atomic bomb. (World Nuclear Association 4) As a result of these safety protections during uranium
mining, there has only been 371 deaths due to uranium mining contamination between 1950 and 2000, which is an average of around only 7.42 deaths
per year. (Motherboard 2) In comparison, coal mining had an average of 16 deaths per year in 2014. (MSHA

Uranium Mining Impacts
Uranium is most notably recognised for its radioactivity however, when compared with other radioactive elements, Uranium has quite slow rate of
decay (Pappas, 2015). U–235, an isotope of Uranium, can be used in a fission bomb due to the fact that when its nucleus splits it releases substantial
amounts of energy. The most infamous example of howuranium has been used in this way is the atomic uranium bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima,
Japan by the U.S in 1945 (Atomic Heritage Foundation, n.d.). Furthermore, the same properties that allow uranium to be used in a bomb, are valued in
the world of nuclear energy.Nuclear power stations use energy from uranium to produce electricity and this production accounts for approximately 11
percent of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Parts of the Finniss River have been contaminated as a result of acids draining into the system. Here, acid mine drainage has leached as a by–product
of the Rum Jungle mine and has been toxic to the aquatic ecosystem and its vegetation and fauna (ABC News, 2016). Furthermore, low–level radiation
was detected in in the area which resulted in the popular Rum Jungle South Recreation Reserve being shut down (Australian Broadcasting Corporation,
2014). Additionally, The Olympic Dam mining centre located in South Australia is home to the largest known single uranium deposit in the world as
well as a metallurgical processing plant (Mining Technology, n.d.). Olympic Dam has a significant impact on the South Australian environment, with a
water consumption rate of more than 35 million litres daily, from bore fields at southern end of the Great Artesian Basin. This figure makes it the
largest industrial consumer of underground water in the Southern Hemisphere (Australian Map of Nuclear and Uranium Sites, 2013). The Great
Artesian Basin supports a number springs, which in turn support smaller wetlands and creeks. The water use at Olympic dam has negatively influenced
the health of these springs by reducing the flow of water through them and therefore the wildlife that rely on them (Mudd,

Summary: Mistreatment Of Indigenous People Or Resources
People or Resources
The mistreatments of Indigenous People are highlighted in Claudia Rowe's article "Coal Mining on Navajo Nation in Arizona Takes Heavy Toll" and
Anne Minard's article "Navajo Nation Slams Door on Deal That Would Have Allowed Uranium Mining". Even though the Navajo and the Hopi existed
on the land before foreign explorers settled, they are currently given small portions of land and are constantly fighting to survive. Without help or
support from the government, Indigenous people struggle to keep their land and fend off big companies from taking it from them. "Most U.S history
textbooks acknowledge the devastation of America's indigenous peoples, the forced relocations and exploitation that left tribes corralled on remote ...
"Past uranium mining has contaminated homes, land, and soil at 520 cites across the Navajo Nation... drinking water from at least 22 wells are unfit for
consumption... and researchers have documented numerous cancers... among Navajo people attributable to radiation" (Minard, 2). On the other hand,
the health effects of coal "emissions result in asthma, bronchitis, heart attack, and premature death" (Rowe, 2). With the extreme dependence on coal
for energy in Arizona the health effects of the mining are not researched because without coal many cities will not have energy. "There are no
independent studies showing the impact of the mines on the health of the people in the tribal lands" (Rowe, 2). This illustrates a huge point in the
exploitation of the Indigenous people. Showing how the government and big companies only care about profit and providing cities with power rather
than the health of the Navajo and Hopi who provide this resource. The Indigenous People's health is not a priority but their manual labor is crucial for
the company's profit. So until there are not enough Indigenous People to work the mines their health will not be a prime

Should We Build A Nuclear Power Plant In Pennsylvania?
I am against building another nuclear power plant in East Pennsboro Township, Pennsylvania. I think that the risks nuclear power brings far outweigh
the positives of it. There have already been nuclear accidents that have made a town completely poisonous, like Chernobyl. There have also been
accidents that put the surrounding area at risk for radioactivity and scared thousands of people. Three Mile Island was an example of this. We do not
want people who live near a nuclear power plant to be afraid to live in their own homes due to the risk of a nuclear accident. I think we should put a
stop to nuclear power in Pennsylvania so we don't put ourselves at risk for an accident, because it's not worth it. There are also risks of nuclear power
affecting the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Yes, nuclear power does not release greenhouse gasses into the environment, but it does release other harmful substances. First, the process of mining
and transporting uranium can be very dirty and even dangerous. Second, the waste that nuclear power produces can be very dangerous. If we build
more power plants, more radioactive waste will pile up, since it lasts between 200–500 thousand years. If too much of this waste piles up, where are we
going to put it? We can't just put radioactive waste anywhere. Third, one of the biggest problems with nuclear power is nuclear accidents. Yes, they
may not happen often, but if more power plants are being built, the more at risk we are for a nuclear accident. Nuclear accidents can be solved with
quick actions, but if not dealt with right away, nuclear accidents can poison the surrounding land for miles and make it uninhabitable for thousands of
years. Fourth, nuclear power plants are a potential target for terrorists. Terrorists could use ground attacks on equipment which could lead to a reactor
core meltdown or external attacks such as an aircraft crash into a

Nuclear Energy Synthesis Essay
Across the United States 104 nuclear reactors generate around 20% of the nation's electricity. While worldwide 436 nuclear reactors generate about
15% of the world's supply every year (Carson). Some people feel as though we need to expand the fleet of nuclear reactors and increase nuclear
power production. Nuclear energy may be one of the best ways to combat global warming and reduce CO2 emissions, however if the radiation and
nuclear waste that it produces is better for our environment than the CO2 is still uncertain. In the United States the nuclear power plants use uranium
–235 as the nuclear fuel to produce energy. Most of the uranium that the United States uses is found in Wyoming and New Mexico (Nuclear Energy).
U–235 is mined using methods similar to other ores. However when the uranium is mined it can expose the miners to radiation. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The spent fuel rods and the other products produced by the nuclear fuel process are highly reactive. This waste must be stored in very safe and
secure locations for tens of thousands of years, which is periods "longer than the history of most governments the world has seen" as the former
Atomic Energy Commission put it (Carson). The uranium that is used in the reactors has a half life, that is long it takes for half the nuclei in the
radioactive material to decay, of 10,000 years, while plutonium, another nuclear fuel, has a half life close to 25,000 (Carson). Some say that it is too
much of a burden to place on future generations to be able to properly monitor and maintain waste dumps that will last 20 times the length of known
civilization. As Michio Kaku put it in Nuclear Power: Both Sides "The controversy surrounding [nuclear] waste boils down to one question– can we
trust and man made structure to isolate high–level waste for tens of thousands of years given our always–changing social institutions and the vagaries
of war, revolutions, and social upheavals"

The Pros And Cons Of Uranium Mining In Australia
Uranium has become a big issue as alternative energy resources in the future due to the shortage of fossil fuel as primary energy resources in the
world. Australia is one of countries that have the largest uranium deposits in the globe. So, Australia has a big opportunity to make a lot of money from
uranium exports to other countries. On the other hand, The Australian Government is still debating about this issue because of negative impact on
uranium mining and exploration. For these reasons, some people believe that uranium mining has more positive impacts on economic such as, benefits
from uranium exports and increase a new job opportunity. However, this essay will argue that provide certain restrictions on the nuclear weapons use of
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So, some people think that there should not be limitations on mining of uranium. Another arguments against the limitations on uranium mining in
Australia is that uranium mining can increase job oppurtunity to local people in Australia. According to Greenpeace Australia Pacific (2006), the
uranium industry could create a large number of job opportunity because energy resource industry need a lot of employees to support that business. If
the Australian Government expand their uranium mining it will create potential local job and it would be one solution to solve the unemployment
problems. So, some people believe that the limitations of uranium mining is not necessary because it can reduce the job opportunity in Australia. These
economic concerns are important in the uranium mining because it can make huge profits from that industry and solve the unemployment problem as
well. However, there are some important aspects that must be considered such as, uranium as main materials for nuclear weapons, the nuclear power is
not efficient and effective, and the harmful radiation from the mining of uranium. The first reason why some people argue for greater restrictions on
uranium mining is due to uranium has used for nuclear weapons production. According to International Journal of Environmental Studies (2006),
nuclear power

The Expanding Demand for Energy and Other Services in...
Introduction
In today's modern society our needs and demands are infinite and fulfilling them can become a daunting task for any developing country or nation. The
Australian Federal Government is confronted with these endless demands daily and must make decisions that are both advantageous towards the
Australian public and satisfies the rudimentary requirements and necessities of the nation. Energy is a primary need that the Australian public requires
daily and the procedures of generating the immense amounts of electricity required for powering every day necessities is currently being produced by
the usage of fossil fuels, which has been validated to be an inefficient method of producing energy. Nuclear energy offers a resolution and... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although the construction procedure of nuclear power plants will substantially deplete the countries funds, they will eventually become a beneficial
asset, producing more kilowatts than coal, wind or solar (Burgess, 2013). As more plants are manufactured, it's anticipated that construction costs will
decline, making the expense of nuclear generated electricity that much more interesting towards the general public, resulting in a more profitable
solution towards generating energy (Burgess, 2013). Aiding construction is jobs, therefore raising Australia's current employment rate and boosting the
economy. It will also diminish global warming, revoking Australia form the carbon tax or carbon emissions trading. Australia holds about 40 per cent
of the world's uranium deposits therefore opening Australia to possible trade with other countries and supplying ourselves with a substantial amount of
fuel that nuclear power plants require (Hawke, 2014). Mining the uranium will supply the Australian mining workforce jobs, also raising our current
employment rate. Former Prime Minister and former Labour leader Bob Hawke suggested to the Cooperative Research Centres Association that
Australia should embrace nuclear power and quoted "This is a case where in doing good for the rest of the world, we can, in the process, do

Australia’S Potential Uranium Mining Industry

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