Blood pressure
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This presentation describe about the basis of the Blood Pressure and the manual information
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Blood pressure
- 1. By H.Khorrami Ph.D. http://khorrami1962.spaces.live.com http://scribd.com/khorrami4 khorrami4@yahoo.com
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- 4. THE CONCEPT OF THE HYDRAULIC FILTER SYSTOLE DIASTOLE COMPLIANT RIGID
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- 6. Blood pressures and the vascular system Arterial Pressure- Venous Pressure-
- 7. BP, methods Palpation method Auscultatory
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- 9. MEASURING BLOOD PRESSURE TURBULENT FLOW 1. Cuff pressure > systolic blood pressure--No sound. 2. The first sound is heard at peak systolic pressure. 3. Sounds are heard while cuff pressure < blood pressure. 4. Sound disappears when cuff pressure < diastolic pressure.
- 11. Reynold’s number RN=ρ*v*L/μ ρ: density of the blood L: characteristic dimension of the vessel, in this case diameter V: mean velocity of the blood μ: viscosity of blood <2300-------laminar flow >4000-------turbulent flow
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- 17. Korotkoff Sounds First Phase A clear tapping sound; onset of the sound for two consecutive beats is considered systolic Second Phase The tapping sound followed by a murmur Third Phase A loud crisp tapping sound Fourth Phase Abrupt, distinct muffling of sound, gradually decreasing in intensity Fifth Phase The disappearance of sound, is considered diastolic blood pressure- two points below the last sound heard
- 18. Blood pressures and the vascular system
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- 21. MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE (MAP) REMEMBER OHMS LAW? CARDIAC OUTPUT PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE INSTANTANEOUS INCREASE STEADY STATE INCREASE
- 22. Blood pressure Normal values: 1 year 6 – 9 years adults 95/65 100/65 110/65 - 140/90
- 23. PP & MAP
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- 25. Classification of blood pressure for adults Category systolic, mmHg diastolic, mmHg Hypotension < 90 < 60 Normal 90 - 119 60 - 79 Prehypertension 120 – 139 or 80 – 89 Stage 1 Hypertension 140 – 159 or 90 – 99 Stage 2 Hypertension 160 - 179 or 100 - 109 Hypertensive Crisis ≥ 180 or ≥ 110
- 26. Steps for Measuring Blood Pressure Seated for 5 minutes Patient Position Expose Upper arm Center of upper arm at heart level
- 27. Steps for measuring Cuff applied 1 inch above crease at elbow Locate brachial artery Palpate radial pulse Inflate cuff until pulse disappears
- 28. Steps for measuring Let air out Place stethoscope on brachial artery Pump up cuff to 20-30 above point of obliteration Let air out at 2 mmHg per second Repeat for the other hand Compare R & L BP
- 29. Steps for measuring Note 1st and 5th Korotkoff sounds Chart: #’s Position Arm used Cuff size Normal, pre-hypertension, stage 1 hypertension, or stage 2 hypertension Recommendations of what’s next
- 30. Orthostatic hypotension BP in supine position BP on stand position Every 2min Decrease greater than 20/10
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- 33. Effects of gravity on arterial and venous pressures. Each cm of distance produces a 0.77 mmHg change. 0 100 mm Hg 190 mm Hg Sphincters protect capillaries Veins Arteries VENOUS PUMP keeps PV < 25 mm Hg
- 34. The Distribution of Blood
- 35. What would you tell a person about their blood pressure reading? Definition of Blood Pressure Numerical Value Blood Pressure Category When to Recheck Medications if Necessary Lifestyle Modifications
- 36. Hyperemia Definition: Excessive accumulation of blood in a part of the body Passive, by obstruction of the blood flow Active: relaxation of arteries Reactive, in response to an temporary interruption
- 37. Reactive hyperemia 1. Rise a hand, inflate up to 180mmhg After 4min open the cuff 2. Inflate the cuff up to 70mmhg After 4min open the cuff 3. Use a couple of cuffs for both hands Rise a hand, inflate up to 180mmhg After 4min deflate down to 70mmhg and inflate the other hand up to 70mmhg
- 38. Following can cause sounds to be heard down to zero Physiologic a. Childhood b. Pregnancy c. Vigorous exercise Pathologic a. Hyperthyroidism b. Hyperactivity of adrenal c. Anemia d. Heavy pressure on the stethoscope
- 39. A cuff with a bladder too small for the patients arm will result in: a. An inaccurately high reading b. An inaccurately low reading c. Sounds heard down to zero mmHg
- 40. Control of Cardiovascular Function – Hormones
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- 42. Total Peripheral Resistance = (Mean Arterial Pressure - Mean Venous Pressure) / Cardiac Output R = ΔP/Q TPR
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