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Bs2 group report
1. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND
DESIGN BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING
(HONOURS)
BUILDING SERVICES 2 (BLD 60503)
Group Assignment
No. Name Student ID
1. Deong Khai Keat 0320055
2. Sim Si Kai 0318609
3. Lee Jia Kiam 0320029
4. Chan Tian Ji 0320831
5. Ngo Jia Haur 0320144
6. Boon Yi Chung 0318300
7. Tan Ken Ric 0318631
8. Chan Wei Lun 0326117
Lecturer: Dr.Kam Kenn Jhun
Date of Submission: 21st June 2017
Word Count:
June 2017 semester
2. Table Content
No. Topics Page
1.0 Introduction
● Abstract
● Acknowledgement
● Project Activities
● Project Outcomes
● Project Requirements
2.0 Mechanical Ventilation and Air Conditioning
● Mechanical Ventilation
● Air Conditioning
● Centralised Air Conditioning System
● Cooling Tower
● Propeller Fan
● Water Treatment
● Chiller
● AHU
● Piping
● Ventilation Fan
3.0 Vertical Transport System
● Mechanical Transportation System
● Escalators
● Steps of Escalators
● Driving Machine System
4.0 Fire Protection System
● Active Fire Protection
● Water Sprinkler System
● Water Tank and Pump
● Jockey Pump & Duty Pump
● Smoke detector
● Fire Shutter
● Fire Control room
-Break Glass
-Flow Switch
-Wet Chemical Discharge
● Fire Detection and Alarm System
● Fire Extinguishers
● Hose Reel System
● Passive Fire Protection System
● Fire Rated Door
● Emergency staircase
June 2017 semester
3. 5.0 Electrical Power Supply System
● Transformer room
● Voltage Room
● Emergency Power Supply Room
● Emergency Lighting
6.0 References and Appendix
Introduction
Klang Parade Mall shine as a prominent landmark located along the bustling Jalan meru
and is one of the major shopping malls for Klang.It is a major shopping complex with
entertainment, leisure and dining outlet for locals and tourist.
Klang Parade Mall come as a part of the giants in the industry, ARA Asia Dragon
Fund.The project is part of an urban regeneration initiative that lends the surrounding
vicinity a vibrant space,animated and activated by everyday people,while providing a
sparking new ambience to its vicinity.
June 2017 semester
4. Straightforward entry and availability by means of a system of streets, interstates and
open transportation luxuries, supplemented by passage and leave focuses and very
much created framework additionally extends the shopping center’s range to
encompassing neighbourhoods inside the more noteworthy in Klang.
Highlighting an assorted rundown of occupants from plenty classifications, pretty much
anybody and everybody will be spoilt for decision at Klang parade Mall.Parkson is the
first premier department store in the uptown area gloats a remarkable nourishment
market to provide food even to the most recognizing of hungers,as will 34 F&B outlets
housed crosswise inside the shopping center’s edge this include the Big Apple Donuts
& Cafe and Restaurant Dynasty Dragon Seafood.Additionally, GSC Cinemas with their
ten-screen cinema halls are also located at the top floors of the mall.
Links
● https://www.klang.parade.com.my/
June 2017 semester
5. MECHANICAL VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
Mechanical Ventilation
Ventilation is much underestimated by modern
building nowadays but actually it play a big role in
building a perfect house. Put it simply, ventilation is
June 2017 semester
6. to remove stale air from inside a building and replace it with fresh air. Furthermore,
mechanical ventilation also can help to maintain good quality of air and provide a
healthy environment but also prevent build-up of excess levels of humidity.
Mechanical ventilation function to help to produce fresh air and exclude moisture, odors,
and other pollutants can build up inside a home.This systems circulate fresh air using
ducts and fans, besides using airflow through small holes or cracks in a home’s walls,
roof, or windows. With a good ventilation system , the resident will have healthier and
comfortable are to live in.
Advantages OF MECHANICAL VENTILATION
Improved Air Environment.
Mechanical ventilation system permit a continuously airflow from outside air into the
home and can likewise give dehumidification, filtration and conditioning of the following
air from outside area.
More Control.
At the point when homes depend on wind stream through the windows, roofs and walls
as well for the ventilation, there is no control on the source or capacity of the air that
comes into the house.
Air Conditioning
Air conditioning and refrigeration
helps to remove heat. Other than
that, refrigeration system also
helps to remove heat by radiation
convection and the heat pump
system.
June 2017 semester
7. In my research, air conditioning system can be divided to three types which are unitary
system/window air-conditioning system, package system and centralized system.
Basically, package system is expensive than unitary system but much cheaper than
centralized system. Unitary system and package system usually install in small area like
a small room, small office and so on. Large building such as shopping mall, Taylor’s
University and so on are suitable for centralized air conditioning system.
Advantages of Air conditioning
Provide fresh air
The fresh air can be taken inside the air-conditioned room at any time merely by
opening the door or windows. Fresh can also be taken in by the blower of the
air-conditioner.
Effectiveness of the individuals builds:
The demand of human beings for the comfort level in the workplace is obviously
increased by the research that has been found.
Air Conditioning System
Case Study: Klang Parade Mall
For our site visit at Klang Parade, Klang, we managed to visit the components and key processes
of the whole commercial building’s air conditioning system which is Centralised air conditioning
system. Beside that, we also found some Unitary system in office and fire protection room cause there are
separated in a near distance between to the shopping center. The main component or material that provide
cooling for centralized systems are chilled water that produced by cooling tower, chiller and Air Handling
Unit. The process of centralised air conditioning systems are the water is cooled with secondary media
June 2017 semester
8. which is so called chilled water and the next step is transfer the air into the respective distribution ducts to
provide a comfortable level of temperature in the commercial building. A normal chilled water central
system is shown in the sample figure below which clearly stated that the process of the centralised air
conditioning system from the cooling tower to the AHU units.
Cooling Tower
Cooling towers that we found in Klang
Parade are located at roof floor which
are around 3 meter height. Cooling
tower is the largest machine among
three of the main components ( cooling
tower, chiller, ASU) and it is the first
stage to reach of the circle of centralised
June 2017 semester
9. air conditioning system. It is a prefabricated component from factory and transfer to site after it
done. Client can request for particular shape and size to fit it in for the building. Although the
shape or size is different but they all have same function. The purpose of cooling tower is
discharge the heat energy to atmosphere. Make it simple, cooling tower is a heat exchanger. Hot
water from condenser pass through cooling tower to cool the water which is again circulated
inside condenser because inside the condenser hot steam is directly converted to liquid by
exchanging heat with cold and continuously circulating cooling water.
Propeller fan
Is one of the main component for cooling tower. It
must be located at top of the cooling tower as the
shown picture. The function of cooling fan is to grill
is used to drawn the air in from the side and discharges
them. We have to improve the cooling of the water in
order to encounter the water evaporates easily during the
cooling tower process. The water that functioned to be
involved in the condenser water system must be clean
and clear, which the water will be supply via the float
valve in the tower sump as well. To remove the dirt and
sediment in the water, some amount of water must be
continuously mix or flow through the float valve.
PICTURES OF COOLING TOWER TAKEN AT KLANG PARADE
June 2017 semester
11. Chillers were found at basement around the carpark area. Water that passed through cooling
tower will transfer to chiller. The modern chiller is basically discharging heat or lower down
temperature from the water and turn it to chill water. A water chiller is just like a refrigerator
machine but instead of keeping your food cool or making ice,it produces chilled water. The
temperature of the water is depends on the chiller but it usually produces around 10 degree C.
There are 3 chillers in a room and this
is one of the chiller that we found at
Klang Parade. A ton is the amount of
heat removed by an air conditioning
system that would melt 1 ton (2000
lbs.) of ice in 24 hours. The manager
tell us that 1 chiller able to melt 4 tons
of ice in 24 hours.
The temperatures show by the motor.
First row is temperatures of chiller,
Second row is temperatures of
Cooling tower
Air Handling Unit (AHU)
June 2017 semester
12. The chilled water system transfer the cooling needs to the air handling units AHUs in order to
provide the levelled temperature to the whole building. This system handles a chilled water
pump which gathered the chilled water via cooling coils of the AHUs and via the chiller's
evaporator section or area as well.
This is the last and most important stage to reach before the cooling air being supply to whole
building. An air handling unit is a device used to regulate and circulate air as part of the heating,
ventilation and air conditioning system. The purpose of air handling unit are bead separator for
expulsion of water drops from humidifier or air cooler. Next, heating capacity ability is required
with electrical radiator or boiling point water heating curl and cooling ability as well. The
cooling ability together with air cooler for direct extension or cooling with chilled water.
However, it consists of humidifier work with the steam spouts for air humidification. Then, the
function of single pipe AHU will be separating capacity with EU – class channel. Talk about the
fan of single pipe AHU, it work with V – belt driven diffusive high weight fan as well. In
additional, these are the discretionary function of single pipe AHU, the ice indoor regulator and
the exhaust fan. Next, the electrical connection box as well as the heat exchanger or enthalpy
exchanger. Last but not least, the discharge panel box with zone- warming curls and sifting
capacity for fumes air.
June 2017 semester
13. Piping
CHWS ( Chiller Water Supply): This pipe supply chill water supply around 20 Degree celsius
to cool the refrigerator.
CHWR ( Chiller Water Return ): This pipe is an interaction between the hot water and the cooling
tower. The hot water return is around 35 degree Celsius to the cooling tower as well.
Unitary System (Split Unit)
We found some Unitary system at Klang Parade in office and fire protection rooms. There are
not using centralised air conditioning system because they were separated in a distance and small
room. The evaporator always install inside the building and condenser outside the building. The
advantages of this system is more cheaper, easy to install and require less space.
Evaporator Condenser
Diffuser
June 2017 semester
14. In Malaysia, all commercial building are using centralised air conditioning system to in
order to maintain the internal comfort. Frequently, these units incorporate return fans,
which draw air from involved spaces for distribution or exhaust. Usually, the arrival fans
are controlled with variable-frequency drives (VFDs),VFDs is also used to detect the
building static pressure by speed notification. The differences between inside space
static pressure and outside-air static pressure are building differential static pressure
normally is measured with a sensor with two ports: a high pressure port and a
low-pressure port. Tubing will reach out from both ports. Generally, high-port tubing is
reached out to an inside space, while low-port tubing is stretched out to the outside of
the building as well. The sensor decides the distinction in static pressure between the
two ports, which it can answer to a building-robotization framework. Regularly, this is
done as a component of a methodology to keep inside space pressure marginally
positive with respect to open air pressure, lessening invasion that could prompt to
comfort or potentially indoor-air-quality (IAQ) issues.
Ventilation Fan
June 2017 semester
15. We discovered this ventilation fan at car park. There are many of functions of this fan
but for Klang Parade car park, they used for absorb the hot air inside the car park and
replace with cool air. The next purpose of this is to discharge the polluted air in car park
and maintain the fresh air to prevent the occurrence of incomplete combustion. We
realised that the comfort level of Klang Parade car park is higher compare to other car
parks because of the good ventilation systems provided.
June 2017 semester
17. Mechanical Transportation System?
Mechanical transportation system is a forms of mechanical transportation may be found
within, around and in general association with modern buildings and developments.This
system include the elevator,escalator or travelator. Building that have more than 3
storey of height must use this system to ensure the occupant can move around the
building comfortably.
The main reason of using this system is to ease human life. Example, The escalator
using the motor to run so that is no need for main power to operate it. Next, by installing
lift in a building, it will take lesser place to construct compare to the staircase due to it
only using the same lift shaft throughout the whole building.
Other than that, escalator or travelator also provide vertical transportation to people. It
function is to send the people from one floor to the next floor. It transport the people
rapidly without the walk like the lift in a safe and constant speed.
Elevator Escalator Travelator
June 2017 semester
18. Electrical Elevator
The picture show an electrical lift in Klang Parade Mall.When we inside the lift, we can
see that the emergency button and the intercom microphone is located on the most top
of the floor selection panel. The function can be easily communicate with outside people
when the people are trapped inside the lift to look for help.Next, there is a small panel
that include all the floor which only can open by the maintenance workers.It is to stop
the lift from moving when the lift have some technician problem.
June 2017 semester
19. Front side of the electrical motor
Side of the electrical motor
June 2017 semester
20. Pictures above show the electrical motor of the lift. Next, It utilizes electric power
because of it utilizes less place to involve dissimilar to the old customary way which
utilizes hydraulic lift whereby it need a particular space for the hydraulic system and the
chamber itself. Next, the electrical lift just use a single operation room to put it motor.
Besides that, the maintenance guy always maintaining the lift motor to avoid have
anything happen.
Furthermore, we also can see that the electrical lift use steel wire rope to operate it from
one floor to floor. The steel wire rope need to have maintenance every once year to
ensure that dont have any technician problem.
June 2017 semester
21. Every electrical lift need emergency backup power and the control panel to switch on
the power.When the power is loss, It will automatically switch on the power to the whole
building to ensure that the passenger that inside the life can safely reach the ground
floor and exit the lift.
Pictures above show the circuit board of the lift. During emergency, the fire department
can over ride the lift so that all the lift can safely reach to ground floor.Next, this is the
first palace for the maintenance guy to check whether there is any problem cause the
display module will show the error code if there have any problem to the lift.
June 2017 semester
22. This is an I-beam and it is install during construction of the building. Its function is to
hoist the electrical motor of the lift to its specify position. It not need to taken off because
it still can be use to lift the electrical motor if the motor are spoiled or need to replace.
Lastly, it is the grease indicator that most important part in the lift. According to the
maintenance guy, the lift should be re-oil each 8 month to 1 year once relies on upon
the utilization of the lift and the shade of the oil as appeared previously. This is very
important as it kept all the moving part of the motor grease up to prevent any function
that will make real issue to the lift motor.
June 2017 semester
23. Mechanical Transportation System
What is escalator in mechanical transportation system?
Escalator is a conveyor transport designed for moving people quickly and efficiently
between floors of a building. There are many type of escalator that we can easily see in
the shopping mall are single escalator, crisscross spiral escalators, stacked parallel
escalators and the unique type spiral escalator.
Single escalator only allows one movement of direction whereby if you wish to go other
floor, you need to walk to the next end to ride the escalator either up or down to the
desire floor.
Cirss-cross spiral escalator allows the movement of one bearing starting with one floor
then onto the next floor without the need to walk around the floor to another escalator.
June 2017 semester
24. Stacked parallel escalator can easily found in the mall. It provide two way directions
for the people who wan to going up or going down.
Spiral escalator are not recommended for shopping center to have this sort of
escalator as it have a high maintainance taken a toll because of it winding plan. It can
be found normally at the high end hotel where the design is important.
June 2017 semester
25. Escalators
In Klang Parade Mall, we found out the mall just using one type of escalators which are
the Multi-level parallel stacked escalators (interrupted traffic)
June 2017 semester
26. Multi-level parallel stacked escalator (interrupted traffic)
In Klang Parade Mall, they using multi-level parallel stacked escalators. It is the
escalator that being widely using in some shopping malls such as Pavillion Shopping
Mall, Berjaya Time Square and so on. Besides that, it actually is a up and down side by
side escalator.
Components of escalators
There are 8 basic components in escalators which are the steps of escalator, handrail,
traits, escalator truss, landing platform, driving system, balustrade and the safety
features.
June 2017 semester
27. Steps of the escalator
1. Frame Yoke - It is the component that used to support the step plate/tread, step
riser and step wheel.
2. Yellow Demarcation Line- It is the line that remind us to stay away from the
elevator edge keeping in mind the end goal to keep the occasion of event and to
demonstrate to us the development of the escalator steps.
3. Step Plate(Tread)- It is the surface area that stepped by people from one floor to
floor. It normally made by aluminium plate with grooves and longitudinal cleats.
4. Step Riser- It is the vertical fitting that thrown into the front step and mean to go
between the cleats of contiguous step, along these lines making a looking over
activity with the clearance for safety purpose.
5. Step Hook (T Bar)- It placed at the end of the frame yoke which is very close to
the step wheel
6. Step Wheel (Trailing Wheel)- It used to bolster its loads onto the tracks and to
keep it from being out of the plane.
June 2017 semester
28. Handrails
The purpose of the handrail is to provide a handhold for the people who are riding on
the escalator. Besides that, the handrail that from the escalator is pulled along its tracks
by a chain that interconnected to the main drive gear.
Other than that,there are four different layer sections which are outer layer, inner layer,
tension member and cotton slider. Firstly, the outer layer also known as cover stock
which is the one that can be view from outside. Next is about the tension member, It
consists of flat steel tape and steel cable that provide the high tensile strength to the
handrail.Besides that, the inner layer of the cover stock is located on the top of the
tension member which is designed to keep the layers from isolating.Lastly, the cotton
slider is to provide a smooth surface for handrail to move along its track.
June 2017 semester
29. Balustrade
In balustrade of escalator, it consists of two types: Interior low desk balustrade and
Exterior high desk balustrade. The picture that I taken from Klang Parade Mall is Interior
low desk balustrade which mean the side panels of it are usually made in glass that
support with the handrail base.
1. Newel – It is the end of balustrade at the upper and lower landing of the escalator. It
include indicator light, key operation switch and emergency stop button.
2. Standard Glass Balustrade – Standard Glass balustrade is one of the exceptionally
basic sort that we can discover in each shopping center. Besides that, balustrade
panels are made by 10mm thick clear tempered glass and it can be self supporting
without require any mullions.
3. Handrail entry protection – It placed at the handrail entry point. The reason for it
is to ensure the children not putting their hand inside and shield them from getting got.
4. Indicator light - The purpose of the indicator light is to show us the direction of the
escalator.
5. Key Operation Switch – Key operation switch is the switch that must be balanced by
approved work force. It arranged on each newel and can be utilized to control the
course of escalator.
6. Emergency Stop button – Emergency stop button is a red button that placed at the
end of the escalator. It can only be pressed when the escalator is in the event of
emergency such as fire hazard.
June 2017 semester
30. Landing Platform
There are some major components of landing platform:
1.Comb finger – Comb finger is used to help the people to recognize moving steps and
comb plates. It also projects into the step plate and keep the objects from being gotten
under the comb plate.
2.Comb plate – It situated at the passage and exit of every escalator. Comb plates are
usually made by aluminium which provide a strong and stable working platform before
entering to the step plate.
3.Access cover – When the escalator need to repair, then the access cover will be
remove. The upper access cover plate will give an access to the driving machine where
the lower part provides an access to the step removal.
4.Comb Light – Comb light is actually a safety device that used to enlighten the area
where comb segments and steps meet each other.
5.Deflector brush – Deflector brush normally can be find at the both sides of the
escalator. It used to keep the items from getting caught by the gap that between the
skirt board and step plate.
June 2017 semester
31. Tracks
In Klang Parade Mall, the escalators have three major assemblies of track which are
upper track,incline track and lower track. The gathering of each track is bolted onto the
truss as opposed to welding on it. However, the purpose of the tracks are used to lead
the step chains and step wheels to travel around the escalator truss.Lastly, the end of
the upper and lower track are designed in semi-circles as it needs to let the step rollers
and chains working around them.
Driving machine system
From the picture, we can see that the intelligent brake system is located at beside of the
motor,The purpose of the brake system is to reduce the interruption of the service and
improve the safety.
June 2017 semester
32. Fire Protection System
Active fire protection
A group of systems that require some amount of action or motion in order to work efficiently in
the event of a fire. An action or motion is required for Active Fire Protection (AFP) system to
work efficiently in the event of a fire. Active method require mechanical, electric or electronic
activation. It is the manual or automatic fire protection systems.
Water Sprinkler System
A water sprinkler system consists of a water supply system, provides the adequate pressure
and flowrate to a water distribution piping system onto which water sprinklers are connected.
The sprinklers are held closed by either heat sensitive glass bulb or a two-part metal link held
together with a fusible alloy. When the bulb shatters, it indicates that the ambient temperature
reaches the rated temperature of the sprinkler. Due to that, water is discharge towards the
deflector, when the waterway is cleared of all sealing parts.
UBBL 1984 section 228: Sprinkler Valves
2 sprinkles distances between them must be at a maximum distance at 4.6 meters. 3 meters is
the amount of distance required for 2 sprinkles.
June 2017 semester
33. Water Tank & Pump
There must be a water tank for fire safety to supply water sprinkler and other fire safety
systems that requires water. The water tank is located in the basement in a fire pump
room. The water in the water tank is reserved to be used for fire emergencies only.
UBBL 1984 Section 247: Water Storage
•Tenth schedule to these by law is provided accordance with the scale for water storage
capacity and water flow rate for fire fighting system and installation.
•Main water storage tank is located within the building, other than for the hose reel system, shall
be located at ground, first or second basement level, with fire brigade pumping inlet connection
accessible to fire appliances
•There is no need for replenishment due to the storage tanks for automatic sprinkler installation
where full capacity and it also will be exempted from the restriction in their location.
Pump
In the fire pump room it consists a water tank that supplies water to all the systems that requires
water, it consists of the jockey pump and the duty pump. These 2 pumps helps to pump water
from the water tank to fire safety system that requires water during emergencies.
June 2017 semester
34. Jockey Pump
The jockey pump is an apparatus that works
with the fire pump. The jockey pump helps
to pump water to the water sprinkler. If the
water pressure is low, the jockey pump will
initiate the pumping process. The system
will elevate to a specific level even if the
system is not functioning so the water will
not run out. The pump will shut down when
it is not in use.
Duty Pump
The duty pump is a stronger pump than the jockey
pump . If the water pressure in the pipe goes lower than
35 PSI, the duty pump will be in use as the water
pressure allows it operate smoothly. If the starter pump
fails to work there is a standby pump to kick in and help
out. The jockey pump and the duty pump operates by
electricity whereas the standby pump works by diesel.
Smoke Detector
Smoke detectors are the most recognised and the most common use for fire detection for fire
safety purposes. The smoke detector used in the mall is an ionisation smoke detector. The
smoke detector operates on the principle that under normal circumstances, where equal flows of
electron between two adjacent electrodes. If there are smoke particles that enters the chamber
between the electrodes, normal flow of electrons are interrupted hence causing the alarm to
activate.
June 2017 semester
35. UBBL 1984 Section 13: Smoke detectors for Lift Lobbies
● There should be a smoke detector in every lift lobby
● Lift not opening into a smoke lobby shall not use door
Fire Shutter
The fire shutter should be located at every floor, a certain distance to each fire shutter should be
placed. The function of a fire curtain is to reduce the spread of fire to other floors and to delay
enough time for customers to evacuate the building. The fire shutter can be shut automatically
or manually.
June 2017 semester
36. Fire Control Room
The fire control room is located at the ground floor of the building. The fire control room controls
all the fire protective system. When there is a fire emergency the system in the building will
detect it and send a signal and inform the person in charge. The fire control room provides
information to the firefighter to know where the fire started.
The fire control room consist a lot of equipment, that helps to keep everything in check to help
out to keep chief fire warden update if there is any problem with the fire safety system. Fire
control room consist of fire safety control panel which indicate all the fire safety system. Where
there is a problem with any of the system it will send a signal to it, and the light in the control
panel will light up showing the problem of it. The control panel consist of:
1. Break Glass
A break glass should be found around the building located on top of a fire extinguisher. The use
of having a break glass is so that when there is a fire outbreak customers can inform others
there is a fire. The glass is made of a fragile element where it sounds the alarm just by breaking
it.
June 2017 semester
37. 2. Flow Switch
Flows switch is a type of mechanical gadget that controls the air stream of liquid flow. It sends a
signal to the safety device in the system like gas to cool down the circuit protection. When the
switch is activated it will alarm everyone and cool down the circuit in the room with CO2.
3. Wet chemical discharge
The mall we visited consist of food and beverage, there for it is a must to consist of wet
chemical discharge. If there were a fire located at the kitchen, water couldn’t put out a fire which
cause by oil. Therefor wet chemical discharge is implement. When there is fire located at the
kitchen it will automatically release it and send a signal to the fire control room.
June 2017 semester
38. 4. Fire detection and alarm system
Fire alarm will be activated automatically 5 minutes after any fire system is activated or if there
is any malfunction. It can also be triggered manually by breaking the break glass to alert others.
There is a different distinguishable sound when it rings so people will know and not
misunderstand the situation. The alarm is located throughout the mall so everyone else in the
mall can hear it. There are 2 types of bell, the continuous bell and the single stroke bell.
UBBL 1984 Section 237: Fire Alarms
● There should be a fire alarm with the tenth schedule to these by laws
● There must be a person to keep an eye during general evacuation of the premist in the
master control
Fire extinguishers
Fire extinguishers are usually placed below the break
glass, it functions the same as a hose reel. It is used to
put out early stages of fire which can be operated by
an average person. When there is a fire going on, it
releases a cloud of carbon dioxide and smothers the
fire. The gas makes the oxygen goes away and stops
June 2017 semester
39. the chemical reaction.
Hose reel system
A hose reel should be provided in every floors and some fire probable areas where it
distinguishes fire at an early stage. A fire is easier to put out when it is still small. The dry riser
will provide water to the hose reel. It is commonly used while waiting for the firefighters to come
and it’s easy to manage one.
June 2017 semester
40. Passive fire protection system
Passive fire protection is a system that categorising building with the help of using fire
resistance rated wall or floor. By categorising the in smaller parts it helps to delay the spread of
fire. Having this system it helps to reduce the damage that will be caused by the fire and also
helps victims to escape from the building.
Fire Rated Door
The fire rated door is not a common door, it is a door specially designed to delay or prevent fire
from spreading to the other side of the building. Different types of door have different capability
of preventing the fire where some holds the fire longer and some shorter.
June 2017 semester
41. Emergency Staircase
Every building has an emergency staircase where it is for the safety of the customers. This is
usually the exit strategy for when there is a fire emergency. This emergency staircase will lead
to the outdoor where everyone can safely evacuate from danger. The size of the staircase
should be wider than normal staircases because due to having a panic run people will squeeze
through each other and cause chaos if the staircase is not wide enough. The emergency route
consists of material that can last from a fire buy enough time for the customers to escape safely.
June 2017 semester
42. Electric Supply & Electric Room In Klang Parade
Transformer room
A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy between circuits
through electromagnetic induction. The electric varying current in one coil of the
transformer produces a varying magnetic field, which in turn induces a voltage in the
second coil. Power is transferred between the two coils through the magnetic field,
without a metallic connection between the two circuits. The function of transformer is to
increase or decrease the alternating voltages in electric power applications.
In Klang Parade, it consist of more than one transformer room. Each transformer room
control the electricity of different floor level of the mall. Parkson and Econsave which are
the two main department in this mall also consists of their own transformer room. The
electricity from Tenaga National Berhad (TNB) is directly transfer to transformer room,
then to the transformer which help to vary current. Then, the electrical power is then send
to the voltage room.
Images for transformer for Parkson at the basement car park
June 2017 semester
43. However, there are some safety precautions in this room. Ventilation fans are installed to
regulate the ventilation in transformer room. The ventilation fans help to maintain the
temperature in this room.
Image for ventilation fan that installed in transformer room
Voltage Room
Main Distribution Boards (MDB)
Power Distribution is a system, consisting of a Main Distribution Board, Sub Main
Distribution Boards and Final Distribution Boards, by which the electrical energy is
transmitted via branches to reach the exact end user. In Klang Parade, all these
distribution board are allocated in a same room which called the voltage room.
An main distributed board is a panel enclosure with the fuses, circuit breakers and ground
leakage protection units. The electrical energy, which is used to transfer or distribute
electrical power to numerous individual circuits or consumer points were taken from
transformer. An MDB typically has a single or multiple incoming power sources and
includes main circuit breakers and residual current or earth leakage protection devices. It
consists of few components such as connector, MCCB, metering, current transformers
and capacitor bank which control the amp and voltage in this room. Systematic manner
such as incoming and outgoing section is assembled on the panel.
June 2017 semester
44. MDB for the whole mall and each floor level in Klang Parade
The main connectors in MDB
MDB of Parkson and Econsave
Sub-Main Distribution Boards (SMDB)
The main distribution board also connected with sub-main distribution board, which is
installed generally at the point by using a large distribution cable terminates and several
smaller sub-circuits start. The switchboards are larger than the final distibution board
circuit although they have the similar functions. This board is installed in the midway
throughout the the whole power distribution system, at the point in a large distribution
June 2017 semester
45. cable ends, and several smaller starting sub-circuits.
Final Distribution Boards
Final distribution boards are connected from sub-main distribution board which also
feeds electrical energy to the end user.
SMDB & Final Distribution Board
June 2017 semester
46. Emergency Power Supply Room
In Klang Parade, there is a emergency power supply room allocated just right beside the
voltage room which is at the basement car park. The standby power system used is the
energy generator. This emergency power system is an independent source of electrical
power that supports important electrical systems on loss of normal power supply.
Emergency power systems are installed to protect life and property from the
consequences of loss of primary electric power supply. When power outage such as
power supply shut down or cut down happened in this mall, the generator will activated
automatically or manually. The main emergency electrical supply are lift bomb, basement
parking, bomba piping room and frozen room.
Generator in basement of this mall
AMP Board
AMP board which allocated in the same room as the generator also act as an important
role when emergency power outage happened. It’s function is to control the voltage and
amp from generator to the electric appliances. This is for the safety purpose of using
electric appliances during emergency, over sufficient of power applied or transferred to
an electric may cause unfortunate accident such as, explosion, fire accident due to electric
leakage.
June 2017 semester
47. AMP board which help to control generator
Emergency Lighting (Ceiling mounted)
In this mall, there are also some emergency lighting installed at most of the corners in the
malls. This lighting system does not require any electric power supply because it is a
battery-backed lighting device that switches on automatically when a building
experiences a power outage. This system can also ensure the safety of customers and
workers in the mall when emergencies happened to prevent unwanted accident from
happening.
Emergency light that used in the fire control room of Klang Parade Mall
June 2017 semester
48. Problem 1
Fire protection system problems and recommended solution
In the mall from our findings there are not many fire extinguishers to be found and the fire
extinguishers are not renewed, fire extinguishers should be located one in every few small
distance apart. Fire usually evolves from small to big where fire extinguishers are used to
smother the fire when it is still small. Having inadequate amount of fire extinguishers may result
to a bigger fire if the fire is not put out. Time is crucial in these situations. A fire extinguisher is
easily operated and can be used by any customer or passerby who sees a fire going on. It
doesn’t take only a firefighter to arrive and use it.
I would recommend to have more fire extinguishers around the mall and have even more if the
shops are prone to cause a fire such as cafes, restaurants or shops that contains flammable
materials. Sometimes having just 1 around the area may not be enough because fire
extinguishers may have certain malfunctions. Having more fire extinguishers can also help to
put out the fire faster and safer where it could prevent the fire from spreading elsewhere. Some
of the fire extinguishers seem to be dusty where it could be a sign that it has not been renewed
or changed for a long time. Fire extinguishers can’t last forever, it should be renewed every 7
years or so.
June 2017 semester
49. Problem 2
Air conditioning system
One of the problem that we discovered at Klang Parade was air conditioning system. There are two types
of air conditioning systems in this building which are centralised air conditioning system and Unitary
system. Basically there is no problem for centralised system but the problem we encountered was about
unitary air conditioning system. The water is keep flowing out from condenser. Instead of discharging the
water to particular place, the water just drop to the floor which look dirty and poor. So, the management
just took a empty bottle to fill the water that flow out from the condenser instead of repairing it as you can
see at the picture which i think is not a correct way to solve it.
I would like to recommend that the management should ask
the professional to repair the spoiled condenser to make sure
the water is not just dropping down to the floor.
The second advice is i recommend they buy a new set of
unitary conditioning system since the unitary air conditioning
over there are quite poor and old. It may cause the air
conditioning lost of function and lower down the image and
reputation of Klang Parade if this problem still go on.
References:
June 2017 semester
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June 2017)
2.三菱電機株式会社 (2013) PASSENGER ELEVATORS. Available at:
http://www.mitsubishi-liften.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/NEXIEZ-MR-Product-Guide.pdf
(Accessed: 18 June 2017)
3.Planning guide for escalators and moving walks en (2013) Available at:
http://www.schindler.com/content/nz/internet/en/mobility-solutions/products/moving-walks/_jcr_c
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41298/Planning%20Guide%20for%20Escalators%20and%20Moving%20Walks_en.pdf
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(Accessed: 18 June 2017)
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http://www.iklimnet.com/expert_hvac/cooling_tower.html [Accessed 19 Jun. 2017].
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http://www.industry.usa.siemens.com/automation/us/en/process-instrumentation-and-analytics/s
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June 2017 semester
