AIDS AND PAKISTAN

1. Title: AIDS AND PAKISTAN

2. Presented By:
Khadija Khawar
Roll # 14011579-010
Section: B
Department: Biotechnology
University of gujrat

3. Abstract:
Aids is a syndrome in which the body undergoes the loss of cellular immunity which lower the
body’s ability to fight against disease. The cause of AIDS is a retrovirus called Human
Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV). The symptoms of AIDS usually start from 3-6 weeks and are mild
symptoms like fever, rash, swollen glands, and body ache which are followed by characteristic
AIDS symptoms which may appear within 10 years of infection. In world till 2017 genome
sequencing of the virus, subtyping of the virus, recombinant forms of the virus has been deeply
discovered and studied which helps in better diagnosis and in choosing the strategies for
treatment. The objective of this review is to cover the status of aids in Pakistan in comparison of
the world. We have discussed the prevalence of AIDS in Pakistan, subtypes of AIDS in world and
in Pakistan, symptoms, life cycle, infectious stages of HIV, treatment centres of HIV Pakistan,
antiretroviral therapies, diagnostic tests for AIDS and the opportunistic infections. In Pakistan till
now there in not very much work on the genome sequencing of the virus and subtyping. There
should be advancements made in the field of bioinformatics to control the epidemic of AIDS in
Pakistan.

4. Mechanism of infection:
Aids is a syndrome in which the body undergoes the loss of cellular immunity which lower the
body’s ability to fight against disease.
Causative Agent; HIV
HIV attack site; CD4
Weakened immunity
Opportunistic infections

8. In Pakistan:
In Pakistan till 2006 no data about subtypes of HIV was available.(Khan et al., 2006) But now till
2017 a number of HIV subtypes have been identified in Pakistan. HIV 1 is major cause of AIDS in
Pakistan including the subtype A J C G K H D B F1 F2. The subsubtypes of A subtype include A1
A2 A3 and A4. (Chen et al., 2016)