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1. University of garmian
College of science
Chemistry department
NanotechnologyinHIVvaccinedevelopment
Supervised BY :
DR : Ayad M. ali
Prepared BY :
Shakal A.Osman
19th December 2023

2. Content :
 Introduction
 Objective
 Methodology
 Critical analysis
 Conclusion
 Reference

3. Introduction :
 HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus
that attacks the body’s immune system.
 If HIV is not treated, it can lead
to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome).
 There is currently no effective cure. Once
people get HIV, they have it for life.
 But with proper medical care, HIV can be
controlled. People with HIV who get effective
HIV treatment can live long, healthy lives and
protect their partners.

4. Objective :
I. To learn an introduction about ( what is the
HIV and which part of body get infected by
this virus .
II. To got an overall information about the
huge number of infected human at last
century .
III. To detect the last type of vaccine and
drugs tat used for treatment the HIV virus .

5. Methodology :
 AIDS kills more people than any other infectious
disease .
 Impact on economics .
 Unreliable pharmacotherapy .
 HIV is the best studied pathogen .
 Yet we don’t have any vaccine for it .
 Since 2000 / 30 vaccine versions have been tried
 Many clinical trials are ongoing in developing countries
 Large scale AIDS vaccine trials could be conducted

6. Type of vaccine :
1) Inactivated , killed : Not under study in primates , No useful immunity , Difficult to
maintain viral configuration , Difficult to make large quantities .
2) Live attenuated : Studied in non- human primates , Has pathogenic potentiality .
3) Live Vector : Phase I and II trials Inserting HIV or SIV genes into viruses or
bacteria Effective , humoral and cellular immune responses .
4) Recombinant Viral Protein :Phase III ,Uses viral surface antigens as immunogens
,Uses genetically engineered bacteria, yeasts, insects or cell cultures .
5) Pseudo virions : Pre-clinical trials ,Virus-like particles , Self-assembling , non- replicating
, virus-sized structures

7. Conclusion :
• The scale of HIV problem is huge.
• Humanity needs an effective vaccine to end
the pandemic.
• Developing an HIV vaccine is a laborious
task.
• HIV vaccines on different stages of trials are
only partially effective.
• The best primary prevention up till now is :
 Health education
 Personal protection

8. Reference :
 https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html
 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14760584.2021.1945448
 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31647394/
 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-020-0739-9
 https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-and-
immunizations