SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 57
Download to read offline
SEMINAR ON
HIV
By Ramesh Jangid
CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Background
 Epidemiological
 Epidemiological triad
 Epidemiological determinant
 Statement of problem
 Rational of the seminar
 Objective
 Methodology
 Findings
Background
 HIV stands for Human Immune deficiency Virus.
 If it is not treated it can leads to acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS).
 HIV Specially attacks the body immune system the CD4 cells
(T cells).
 Untreated HIV reduces the number of CD$ cells (T cells) in
the body , making the person more likely to get infections or
infection related cancers.
Stages of HIV infection
Stage 1 : No AIDS – defining condition
 CD4 count of >_ 500 cells /uL of CD4 percentage of total lymphocytes of >_29
Stage 2: No AIDS – definition condition
 CD4 count <200 cells/uL or CD4 percentage of total lymphocytes<14
HIV infection ,stage unknow:
 No reported information on AIDS-defining condition and no information
available on CD4 count or percentage.
 AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is the final stage of HIV
infection , which causes damaged to the immune system.
HISTORY
 AIDS wad first identified in USA in 1981 when numbers of
gay men started to develop life threatening opportunistic and
cancer.
 In 1981 AIDS was first identified among gay men in USA.
 In 1983 discovery of a new retrovirus called
lymphadenopathy-Associated virus (or LAV)
HISTORY
 In 1983 world health organization first meeting to assess
global AIDS situation.
 In 1984 virus was isolated by Gallo and coworkers from
national institution of health in united state human T-call
lymph tropic virus III (HTLV-III).
 1985 , the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA
)licensed the first commercial blood test, ELISA, to detect
antibodies to the virus.
HISTORY
 in 1985 first international AIDS conference in Atlanta Georgia.
 In May 1986, the International Committee on the Taxonomy of
Viruses gave a new name called (human immunodeficiency virus)
instead of HTLV-III/LAV.
 In 1988, the WHO declared 1st December as the first World AIDS
Day.
 Since its identification , HIV/AIDS is devastating disease of
mankind.
Epidemiological Triad
Agent
Agent
Agent
HIV 1 HIV 2
HIV-1 more common worldwide HIV-2 found in west Africa , Mozambique , and
Angola,
HIV-1 is more pathogenic hIV-2 is less pathogenic
MTCT is relatively common with HIV-1 Duration of HIV-2 infection is shorter
Seminar on hiv
HOST FACTORS
 Age: 20-49
 Sex: HIV infection people of any sex
Europe And Australia : 51% homosexual or bisexual man
Africa: Sex ratio is equal
Higher Risk group :
• prostitutes (heterosexual)
• Male homosexual and bisexual
• Intravenous drug abuser
• Transfusion recipient of blood and blood products
• Hemophiliacs and clients of STD
Environmental Factors
Social norms
Average rate of sex partner change
Condom self efficacy
Local prevalence
Probability of exposure
Social and economic determination
Factor of HIV AIDS
 Behaviors and condition that put individuals at greater risk of
contracting HIV include:
 Having unprotected anal or veginal sex:
 Having another sexually transmitted infection such as
syphilis, herpes , chlamydia gonorrhea and bacterial vaginosis
Risk Factor of HIV AIDS
 Sharing contaminated needles, syringe and other injection
equipment and drug solution when injection drugs
 Receiving unsafe injection , blood transfusion tissue
transplantation , medical procedure that involve unsterile
cutting or piercing and
 Experiencing accidental needle stick injuries including among
Health workers.
Epidemiological determinants
Determinant for HIV AIDS
 Economic status : poverty
 Poor education : low literacy regarding HIV and AIDS
 Occupation : laborers , migrants , transport workers police
militaries, surgeons
 Political system :
conflicts in country resulting in:
Determinants for HIV AIDS
 Gender inequalities : more in male
 Inadequate health care delivery system
 Migration and mobility
 Alcoholism and drug abuse
 Legal framework
 Change values : early sex
 High population growth and density
Seminar on hiv
Statement of Problem
GLOBAL SCENARIO
 Prevalence of HIV increased from 29.8 million in 2001 to 36.9
million in 2014
 Globally 36.7 million people are living with HIV in 2016
 World wide 1.8 million people become newly infected with HIV.
 54% of adult and 43% of children living with HIV are
currently receiving lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART)
Global scenario
 world wide 1 million people died from AIDS related illness in
2016.
 Global ART coverage for pregnant and breastfeeding women
living with HIV is high at 76%.
 The WHO African region is the most affected region with
25.6 million people living with HIV in 2016. The African
region also accounts for almost two third of the global total of
new HIV infection.
Estimated number of people living with
HIV globally (2016)
National Scenario
 In India , first case of HIV /AIDS was diagnosed in 1989 , by
Dr. Suniti soloman and her student Dr. Sellappan Nirmala in
Chennai.
 Prevalence of AIDS in India in 2015 was 0.20% which is
down from 0.41 in 2002.
 Number estimated 2.11 million people live with HIV/AIDS in
India in 2015.
Distribution of reported HIV cases by
developmental Region
Estimated HIV infection by age group
Rational of the seminar
 Recognized as an emerging disease only in the early 1980 ,
AIDS has rapidly established itself throughout the world , and
is likely to ensure and persist well in 21st century.
 AIDS has evolved from a mysterious illness to a global
pandemic which has infected tens of million people.
 Among the special features of HIV infection are that once
infected , it is probably that a person will be infected for life.
Objectives
 General objective
To study epidemiology and overview of current policies , strategies
and programs for prevention and control of HIV AIDS
Specific Objectives
To explore epidemiological distribution and determinants of HIV
AIDS.
To review the milestone of HIV AIDS control in India.
Objectives
 To evaluate the current situation of HIV AIDS control
program.
 To discuss on policy and strategies on HIV AIDS.
 To explore prevention and control methods of HIV AIDS.
Methodology
 Key words used : HIV AIDS
Findings
Findings
Findings
Modes of Transmission
Findings
Findings
 Window period
6 weeks to 3 months
Incubation period
uncertain ( from few months to 10 Yrs from HIV infection
to development of AIDS )
Clinical Features
 The clinical presentation of HIV and AIDS has been divided
in to four phase of infection.
1. Primary infection
2. Asymptomatic carrier stage
3. AIDS related complex
4. Progression to AIDS
Findings
Findings
Findings
Findings
Findings
Early Symptoms
Early symptoms
Prevention , Control and Treatment
PRIMARY: Primary prevention refers to activity focused on
preventing uninfected people becoming infected.
 Health education
 Peer group education
 School curriculum
 Most at risk population
 Behavioral modification
 Specific protection
Secondary
 VCT
 SCREEN TEST: WESTERN BLOT , ELISA
 Diagnostic test
Tertiary
 Tertiary HIV prevention aims to minimize the effects of ill
health experience by someone who is symptomatic with HIV
disease (i.e. the prophylactic use of drug and complementary
 Rehabilitation
 Economic
 Social
 vocational
Prevention
Diagnosis
Laboratory Diagnosis
Seminar on hiv
Seminar on hiv
Seminar on hiv
Seminar on hiv
Seminar on hiv
Seminar on hiv
Seminar on hiv

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)
Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)
Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)
 
Neglected tropical diseases
Neglected tropical diseasesNeglected tropical diseases
Neglected tropical diseases
 
Natural history of HIV/AIDS
Natural history of HIV/AIDSNatural history of HIV/AIDS
Natural history of HIV/AIDS
 
Epidemiology of AIDS
Epidemiology of AIDSEpidemiology of AIDS
Epidemiology of AIDS
 
Typhoid
Typhoid Typhoid
Typhoid
 
Filariasis
Filariasis�Filariasis�
Filariasis
 
HIV AIDS
HIV AIDSHIV AIDS
HIV AIDS
 
Cholera
CholeraCholera
Cholera
 
HIV AIDS
HIV AIDSHIV AIDS
HIV AIDS
 
4) Malaria
4) Malaria4) Malaria
4) Malaria
 
HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS
 
Malaria PRESENATION AT NEW YOR MEDICAL COLLEGE AKSHAT JAIN
Malaria  PRESENATION AT NEW YOR MEDICAL COLLEGE AKSHAT JAIN Malaria  PRESENATION AT NEW YOR MEDICAL COLLEGE AKSHAT JAIN
Malaria PRESENATION AT NEW YOR MEDICAL COLLEGE AKSHAT JAIN
 
Hepatitis day,2021
Hepatitis day,2021Hepatitis day,2021
Hepatitis day,2021
 
Typhoid fever
Typhoid feverTyphoid fever
Typhoid fever
 
Poliomyelitis
Poliomyelitis Poliomyelitis
Poliomyelitis
 
Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases
Epidemiology of Cardiovascular DiseasesEpidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases
Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases
 
A LECTURE ON AIDS FOR MBBS 2014
A LECTURE ON AIDS FOR MBBS 2014A LECTURE ON AIDS FOR MBBS 2014
A LECTURE ON AIDS FOR MBBS 2014
 
Neglected diseases---Overview
Neglected diseases---OverviewNeglected diseases---Overview
Neglected diseases---Overview
 
Typhoid fever ppt
Typhoid fever pptTyphoid fever ppt
Typhoid fever ppt
 
HIV ITS PREVENTION AND CONTROL
HIV ITS PREVENTION AND CONTROLHIV ITS PREVENTION AND CONTROL
HIV ITS PREVENTION AND CONTROL
 

Similar to Seminar on hiv

Similar to Seminar on hiv (20)

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS(FERNANDEZ).pptx
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS(FERNANDEZ).pptxHUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS(FERNANDEZ).pptx
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS(FERNANDEZ).pptx
 
Seminar on hiv
Seminar on hivSeminar on hiv
Seminar on hiv
 
seminaronhiv-180201064407.pdf
seminaronhiv-180201064407.pdfseminaronhiv-180201064407.pdf
seminaronhiv-180201064407.pdf
 
HIV/AIDS | AS16
HIV/AIDS | AS16HIV/AIDS | AS16
HIV/AIDS | AS16
 
Presentation on HIV-AIDS - Copy.pptx
Presentation on HIV-AIDS - Copy.pptxPresentation on HIV-AIDS - Copy.pptx
Presentation on HIV-AIDS - Copy.pptx
 
HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS
 
Hivaids sachin bhatt
Hivaids sachin bhattHivaids sachin bhatt
Hivaids sachin bhatt
 
32331.ppt
32331.ppt32331.ppt
32331.ppt
 
HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS
 
Final pptct mod 1
Final pptct mod 1Final pptct mod 1
Final pptct mod 1
 
Learning from aids pandemic ...
Learning from aids pandemic                                                  ...Learning from aids pandemic                                                  ...
Learning from aids pandemic ...
 
HIV AIDS
HIV AIDSHIV AIDS
HIV AIDS
 
HIV epidemiology and pathogenesis
HIV epidemiology and pathogenesis HIV epidemiology and pathogenesis
HIV epidemiology and pathogenesis
 
HIV/AIDS REPORT MT LAWS
HIV/AIDS REPORT MT LAWSHIV/AIDS REPORT MT LAWS
HIV/AIDS REPORT MT LAWS
 
Chapter 18 AIDS, HIV Infection; Related Conditions
Chapter 18 AIDS, HIV Infection; Related Conditions Chapter 18 AIDS, HIV Infection; Related Conditions
Chapter 18 AIDS, HIV Infection; Related Conditions
 
Sexual Health and STIs including HIV.pdf
Sexual Health and STIs including HIV.pdfSexual Health and STIs including HIV.pdf
Sexual Health and STIs including HIV.pdf
 
Epidemiology HIV Paper
Epidemiology HIV PaperEpidemiology HIV Paper
Epidemiology HIV Paper
 
Marina arutinovi 2
Marina arutinovi 2Marina arutinovi 2
Marina arutinovi 2
 
A basic understanding of HIV surveillance
A basic understanding of HIV surveillanceA basic understanding of HIV surveillance
A basic understanding of HIV surveillance
 
HIV AIDS
HIV AIDSHIV AIDS
HIV AIDS
 

Recently uploaded

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE, RADIATIONBIOLOGY& RADIATION HAZARD...
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE, RADIATIONBIOLOGY& RADIATION HAZARD...QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE, RADIATIONBIOLOGY& RADIATION HAZARD...
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE, RADIATIONBIOLOGY& RADIATION HAZARD...Ganesan Yogananthem
 
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing studentCPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing studentsaileshpanda05
 
ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptx
ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES  FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptxANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES  FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptx
ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptxWINCY THIRUMURUGAN
 
ayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologyppt
ayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologypptayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologyppt
ayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologypptPradnya Wadekar
 
Pregnacny, Parturition, and Lactation.pdf
Pregnacny, Parturition, and Lactation.pdfPregnacny, Parturition, and Lactation.pdf
Pregnacny, Parturition, and Lactation.pdfMedicoseAcademics
 
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio..."Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...Sujoy Dasgupta
 
Physiotherapy Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Physiotherapy Management of Rheumatoid ArthritisPhysiotherapy Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Physiotherapy Management of Rheumatoid ArthritisNilofarRasheed1
 
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functions
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functionsAUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functions
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functionsMedicoseAcademics
 
Role of Soap based and synthetic or syndets bar
Role of  Soap based and synthetic or syndets barRole of  Soap based and synthetic or syndets bar
Role of Soap based and synthetic or syndets barmohitRahangdale
 
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy DasguptaMale Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy DasguptaSujoy Dasgupta
 
BENIGN BREAST DISEASE
BENIGN BREAST DISEASE BENIGN BREAST DISEASE
BENIGN BREAST DISEASE Mamatha Lakka
 
Breast cancer -ONCO IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL NURSING.pptx
Breast cancer -ONCO IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL NURSING.pptxBreast cancer -ONCO IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL NURSING.pptx
Breast cancer -ONCO IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL NURSING.pptxNaveenkumar267201
 
Physiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxation
Physiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxationPhysiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxation
Physiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxationMedicoseAcademics
 
Female Reproductive Physiology Before Pregnancy
Female Reproductive Physiology Before PregnancyFemale Reproductive Physiology Before Pregnancy
Female Reproductive Physiology Before PregnancyMedicoseAcademics
 
World-TB-Day-2023_Presentation_English.pptx
World-TB-Day-2023_Presentation_English.pptxWorld-TB-Day-2023_Presentation_English.pptx
World-TB-Day-2023_Presentation_English.pptxsumanchaulagain3
 
power point presentation of Clinical evaluation of strabismus
power point presentation of Clinical evaluation  of strabismuspower point presentation of Clinical evaluation  of strabismus
power point presentation of Clinical evaluation of strabismusChandrasekar Reddy
 
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.ppt
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.pptUnit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.ppt
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.pptPradnya Wadekar
 
Pharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D. Bawankar.ppt
Pharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D.  Bawankar.pptPharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D.  Bawankar.ppt
Pharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D. Bawankar.pptRamDBawankar1
 
Male Infertility, Antioxidants and Beyond
Male Infertility, Antioxidants and BeyondMale Infertility, Antioxidants and Beyond
Male Infertility, Antioxidants and BeyondSujoy Dasgupta
 
High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)
High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)
High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)kishan singh tomar
 

Recently uploaded (20)

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE, RADIATIONBIOLOGY& RADIATION HAZARD...
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE, RADIATIONBIOLOGY& RADIATION HAZARD...QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE, RADIATIONBIOLOGY& RADIATION HAZARD...
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE, RADIATIONBIOLOGY& RADIATION HAZARD...
 
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing studentCPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
 
ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptx
ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES  FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptxANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES  FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptx
ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptx
 
ayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologyppt
ayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologypptayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologyppt
ayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologyppt
 
Pregnacny, Parturition, and Lactation.pdf
Pregnacny, Parturition, and Lactation.pdfPregnacny, Parturition, and Lactation.pdf
Pregnacny, Parturition, and Lactation.pdf
 
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio..."Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
 
Physiotherapy Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Physiotherapy Management of Rheumatoid ArthritisPhysiotherapy Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Physiotherapy Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis
 
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functions
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functionsAUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functions
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functions
 
Role of Soap based and synthetic or syndets bar
Role of  Soap based and synthetic or syndets barRole of  Soap based and synthetic or syndets bar
Role of Soap based and synthetic or syndets bar
 
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy DasguptaMale Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta
 
BENIGN BREAST DISEASE
BENIGN BREAST DISEASE BENIGN BREAST DISEASE
BENIGN BREAST DISEASE
 
Breast cancer -ONCO IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL NURSING.pptx
Breast cancer -ONCO IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL NURSING.pptxBreast cancer -ONCO IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL NURSING.pptx
Breast cancer -ONCO IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL NURSING.pptx
 
Physiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxation
Physiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxationPhysiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxation
Physiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxation
 
Female Reproductive Physiology Before Pregnancy
Female Reproductive Physiology Before PregnancyFemale Reproductive Physiology Before Pregnancy
Female Reproductive Physiology Before Pregnancy
 
World-TB-Day-2023_Presentation_English.pptx
World-TB-Day-2023_Presentation_English.pptxWorld-TB-Day-2023_Presentation_English.pptx
World-TB-Day-2023_Presentation_English.pptx
 
power point presentation of Clinical evaluation of strabismus
power point presentation of Clinical evaluation  of strabismuspower point presentation of Clinical evaluation  of strabismus
power point presentation of Clinical evaluation of strabismus
 
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.ppt
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.pptUnit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.ppt
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.ppt
 
Pharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D. Bawankar.ppt
Pharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D.  Bawankar.pptPharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D.  Bawankar.ppt
Pharmacokinetic Models by Dr. Ram D. Bawankar.ppt
 
Male Infertility, Antioxidants and Beyond
Male Infertility, Antioxidants and BeyondMale Infertility, Antioxidants and Beyond
Male Infertility, Antioxidants and Beyond
 
High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)
High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)
High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)
 

Seminar on hiv

  • 2. CONTENTS  Introduction  Background  Epidemiological  Epidemiological triad  Epidemiological determinant  Statement of problem  Rational of the seminar  Objective  Methodology  Findings
  • 3. Background  HIV stands for Human Immune deficiency Virus.  If it is not treated it can leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).  HIV Specially attacks the body immune system the CD4 cells (T cells).  Untreated HIV reduces the number of CD$ cells (T cells) in the body , making the person more likely to get infections or infection related cancers.
  • 4. Stages of HIV infection Stage 1 : No AIDS – defining condition  CD4 count of >_ 500 cells /uL of CD4 percentage of total lymphocytes of >_29 Stage 2: No AIDS – definition condition  CD4 count <200 cells/uL or CD4 percentage of total lymphocytes<14 HIV infection ,stage unknow:  No reported information on AIDS-defining condition and no information available on CD4 count or percentage.  AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is the final stage of HIV infection , which causes damaged to the immune system.
  • 5. HISTORY  AIDS wad first identified in USA in 1981 when numbers of gay men started to develop life threatening opportunistic and cancer.  In 1981 AIDS was first identified among gay men in USA.  In 1983 discovery of a new retrovirus called lymphadenopathy-Associated virus (or LAV)
  • 6. HISTORY  In 1983 world health organization first meeting to assess global AIDS situation.  In 1984 virus was isolated by Gallo and coworkers from national institution of health in united state human T-call lymph tropic virus III (HTLV-III).  1985 , the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA )licensed the first commercial blood test, ELISA, to detect antibodies to the virus.
  • 7. HISTORY  in 1985 first international AIDS conference in Atlanta Georgia.  In May 1986, the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses gave a new name called (human immunodeficiency virus) instead of HTLV-III/LAV.  In 1988, the WHO declared 1st December as the first World AIDS Day.  Since its identification , HIV/AIDS is devastating disease of mankind.
  • 10. Agent
  • 11. Agent HIV 1 HIV 2 HIV-1 more common worldwide HIV-2 found in west Africa , Mozambique , and Angola, HIV-1 is more pathogenic hIV-2 is less pathogenic MTCT is relatively common with HIV-1 Duration of HIV-2 infection is shorter
  • 13. HOST FACTORS  Age: 20-49  Sex: HIV infection people of any sex Europe And Australia : 51% homosexual or bisexual man Africa: Sex ratio is equal Higher Risk group : • prostitutes (heterosexual) • Male homosexual and bisexual • Intravenous drug abuser • Transfusion recipient of blood and blood products • Hemophiliacs and clients of STD
  • 14. Environmental Factors Social norms Average rate of sex partner change Condom self efficacy Local prevalence Probability of exposure Social and economic determination
  • 15. Factor of HIV AIDS  Behaviors and condition that put individuals at greater risk of contracting HIV include:  Having unprotected anal or veginal sex:  Having another sexually transmitted infection such as syphilis, herpes , chlamydia gonorrhea and bacterial vaginosis
  • 16. Risk Factor of HIV AIDS  Sharing contaminated needles, syringe and other injection equipment and drug solution when injection drugs  Receiving unsafe injection , blood transfusion tissue transplantation , medical procedure that involve unsterile cutting or piercing and  Experiencing accidental needle stick injuries including among Health workers.
  • 18. Determinant for HIV AIDS  Economic status : poverty  Poor education : low literacy regarding HIV and AIDS  Occupation : laborers , migrants , transport workers police militaries, surgeons  Political system : conflicts in country resulting in:
  • 19. Determinants for HIV AIDS  Gender inequalities : more in male  Inadequate health care delivery system  Migration and mobility  Alcoholism and drug abuse  Legal framework  Change values : early sex  High population growth and density
  • 21. Statement of Problem GLOBAL SCENARIO  Prevalence of HIV increased from 29.8 million in 2001 to 36.9 million in 2014  Globally 36.7 million people are living with HIV in 2016  World wide 1.8 million people become newly infected with HIV.  54% of adult and 43% of children living with HIV are currently receiving lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART)
  • 22. Global scenario  world wide 1 million people died from AIDS related illness in 2016.  Global ART coverage for pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV is high at 76%.  The WHO African region is the most affected region with 25.6 million people living with HIV in 2016. The African region also accounts for almost two third of the global total of new HIV infection.
  • 23. Estimated number of people living with HIV globally (2016)
  • 24. National Scenario  In India , first case of HIV /AIDS was diagnosed in 1989 , by Dr. Suniti soloman and her student Dr. Sellappan Nirmala in Chennai.  Prevalence of AIDS in India in 2015 was 0.20% which is down from 0.41 in 2002.  Number estimated 2.11 million people live with HIV/AIDS in India in 2015.
  • 25. Distribution of reported HIV cases by developmental Region
  • 26. Estimated HIV infection by age group
  • 27. Rational of the seminar  Recognized as an emerging disease only in the early 1980 , AIDS has rapidly established itself throughout the world , and is likely to ensure and persist well in 21st century.  AIDS has evolved from a mysterious illness to a global pandemic which has infected tens of million people.  Among the special features of HIV infection are that once infected , it is probably that a person will be infected for life.
  • 28. Objectives  General objective To study epidemiology and overview of current policies , strategies and programs for prevention and control of HIV AIDS Specific Objectives To explore epidemiological distribution and determinants of HIV AIDS. To review the milestone of HIV AIDS control in India.
  • 29. Objectives  To evaluate the current situation of HIV AIDS control program.  To discuss on policy and strategies on HIV AIDS.  To explore prevention and control methods of HIV AIDS.
  • 30. Methodology  Key words used : HIV AIDS
  • 36. Findings  Window period 6 weeks to 3 months Incubation period uncertain ( from few months to 10 Yrs from HIV infection to development of AIDS )
  • 37. Clinical Features  The clinical presentation of HIV and AIDS has been divided in to four phase of infection. 1. Primary infection 2. Asymptomatic carrier stage 3. AIDS related complex 4. Progression to AIDS
  • 45. Prevention , Control and Treatment PRIMARY: Primary prevention refers to activity focused on preventing uninfected people becoming infected.  Health education  Peer group education  School curriculum  Most at risk population  Behavioral modification  Specific protection
  • 46. Secondary  VCT  SCREEN TEST: WESTERN BLOT , ELISA  Diagnostic test
  • 47. Tertiary  Tertiary HIV prevention aims to minimize the effects of ill health experience by someone who is symptomatic with HIV disease (i.e. the prophylactic use of drug and complementary  Rehabilitation  Economic  Social  vocational