inoculation procedure and sterilization procedure

1. Submitted to Maam Maryum
Submitted by khadija khawar
Program Biotechnlogy
Roll # 14011579-010

2. Topic : sterilization

3. Sterilization
• Sterilization is the process of killing all forms of
microbial life in or on the given object or
preparation
• Articles having direct application on humans and
animals are subjected to sterilization
• These materials include gloves, drugs, laboratory
equipments, surgical equipment, etc

4. Methods of sterilization
Sterilization is done by 2 main methods
 Physical methods
• Heat
• Radiation
• Filtration
 Chemical methods
• gaseous sterilants
• Liquid sterliants

5. Physical methods
 Heat
• It is the most reliable method. The application
of heat is a simple, cheap and effective
method of killing pathogens. Methods of heat
application vary according to the specific
application.
• There are two types of heat i. moist heat ii.
Dry heat.

6. Radiations
• UV, x-rays and gamma rays are used
• X-rays and gamma rays are ionizing and far more
penetrating
• UV has limited penetration , kill DNA of microbes
Filtration
• Filters are used to sterilize heat sensitive materials
• enzymes, vaccines,drugs and vitamins
• Filter microbes

7. Chemical methods
Propylene oxide
• In industry for sterilizing culture media,
powdered and flaked foods, barley seeds and
dried fruits
Beta- Propiolactone
• Used in the pharmaceutical industry to
sterilize plasma and vaccines and to
fumigate houses

8. Ethylene Oxide:
• Ethylene oxide gas treatment is one of the
common methods used to sterilize because of its
wide range of material compatibility.
• It is also used to process items that are sensitive
to processing with other methods, such as
radiation

9. Aldehyde
• Glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde solutions are liquid sterilizing
agents.
• Glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde are volatile, and toxic by
both skin contact and inhalation.
• The mechanism of action of formaldehyde is based on protein
denaturation.
Phenol:
• Phenolics are phenol (carbolic acid) derivatives. These
biocides act through membrane damage and are
effective against enveloped viruses, fungi and
vegetative bacteria.

10. Alcohols
• Ethanol or 2-propanol is used to disinfect skin
and decontaminate clean surfaces.
• These are effective against fungi, vegetative
bacteria, Mycobacterium species and some
viruses.
• Alcohols work through the disruption of cellular
membranes, solubilization of lipids, and
denaturation of proteins by acting directly on S-
H functional groups.