1 Give three (3) properties of viruses. [3] 2 With the aid of an appropriately labelled graph, explain what generally happens during the infection process of a typical eukaryotic virus. [5] 3 Name and discuss the mechanism that Adenovirus C uses to generate multiple RNA transcripts of differing lengths from the single major large promoter. [5] 4 How do the two influenza virus receptors co-operate with each other during viral attachment? [2] 5 Outline some of the mechanisms/methods that HIV utilizes to enter susceptible T4 cells. [5] 6 In phage MS2 the replicase gene is inaccessible to ribosomes due to high intramolecular H-bonding of the RNA genome. How and when then, is the replicase gene translated? [5] 7 How is oncogenesis stimulated during SV40 infection? [3] 8 What mechanism does SV40 use to ensure that the host DNA polymerase preferentially replicates viral DNA? [2] 9 The Adeno Associated Virus (AAV) lacks a DNA or RNA primer yet the genome is still replicated. How is this achieved? 10 Discuss transcription as it occurs in the Togaviridae. [6] 11 Explain how full systemic infection is achieved by viruses in the Geminiviridae group. 12 What is the role of the VP4 capsid protein present in Poliovirs C ? [5].