3. •Chriatianity -considered the world’s largest
religion
-based on the teachings of Jesus
Christ who is considered the Son of
God and the Messiah or Savior.
•The core teaching and message of Christianity is
that a loving God sent His begotten Son to
redeem humanity from eternal damnation.
4. Symbols
•a symbol of Jesus
Christ’s victory over
sins when He died on
the cross for
humanity’s
redemption and
salvation.
5. Symbols
•The fish symbol is as old as Christianity itself
•It was used by persecuted Christians as a
secret sign when meeting other Christians.
•Greek word for fish, which is ichtys: Iseous
Christos Theou Yios Soter, meaning Jesus
Christ, Son of God, Savior
6. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
•Historical Context
-Judea, the mountainous southern part of
Palestine, was the home of Christianity.
-Christianity was born in an era when
Palestine was ruled by a foreign power, the
Romans.
7. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
•Historical Context
-the birth of Jesus Christ was considered as
the fulfilment of the prophesy among the
Jews paved the way for the development and
spread of a new religion called Christianity
8. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
•Jesus as the Founder of Christianity
-Jesus lived and preached teachings that served as
criticisms of Judaism.
-He began his ministry in his early thirties.
-he started to preach teachings which were
considered revolutionary at that time
-Taught the new covenant of God to humanity ̶ that
of sending His begotten son to save humanity from
their sins and restore the people’s relationship with
Him
9. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
•Jesus as the Founder of Christianity
-Jesus preached that he was sent by God to
fulfill this goal by dying on the cross, then
resurrecting to life after three days to prove that
God’s plan had succeeded.
-Jesus was seen by his followers to be the
Messiah they were waiting for
10. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
•Deity/God
-believed in one God
-God is seen as the creator and maintainer of
the universe.
-believed to be omnipotent (all-powerful),
omniscient (all-knowing), omnipresent (all-
present), and omnibenevolent (all-good)
-sacred, moral, unchangeable, compassionate,
graceful, and timeless.
11. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
•Holy Trinity
-God is composed of three persons: God the
Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit
-In Matthew 28:19, it is stated that:
“Go therefore and make disciples of all nations,
baptizing them in the name of the Father and of
the Son and of the Holy Spirit.”
12. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
•Holy Trinity
-In 2 Corinthians 13:1:
“The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ and the love of
God and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit be with
you all.”
-some Christian churches rejected it, such as The
Church of the Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,
Jehova’s Witnesses, Christian Scientists, Unitarians,
the Unification Church, the Christadelphians, and
Oneness Pentecostals, among others
13. SACRED SCRIPTURES
•The Bible is considered the sacred scripture of
Christianity.
•Divided into two: The Old Testament and New
Testament
14. SACRED SCRIPTURES
•The Old Testament
-The Old Testament, also called the Hebrew
Bible, is composed of 39 books
Three parts of Old Testament
-The first five books are considered as “The
Law” or Torah which may refer to guidance or
instruction.
-Later these books were called the Pentateauch
15. SACRED SCRIPTURES
•The Old Testament
Three parts of Old Testament
-the second part of the Old Testament is called
“The Prophets” which is divided into two parts,
the earlier prophets and the latter prophets.
16. SACRED SCRIPTURES
•The Old Testament
Three parts of Old Testament
-The third part is called “The Writings,” which
include Psalms, Proverbs, Job ,and the five
scrolls which were grouped together for their
associations with a particular religious festival.
17. SACRED SCRIPTURES
•The New Testament
-composed of 27 books
-composed of two sections: The Gospels which
tell the story of Jesus (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and
John); and the Letters (or Epistles)
-Revelation is the last book of the New
Testament which is considered an epistle and an
apocalypse
18. SACRED SCRIPTURES
•The New Testament
-composed of 27 books
-composed of two sections: The Gospels which
tell the story of Jesus (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and
John); and the Letters (or Epistles)
-Revelation is the last book of the New
Testament which is considered an epistle and an
apocalypse.
19. SACRED SCRIPTURES
•The New Testament
-composed of 27 books
-composed of two sections: The Gospels which
tell the story of Jesus (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and
John); and the Letters (or Epistles)
-Revelation is the last book of the New
Testament which is considered an epistle and an
apocalypse.
20. BELIEF/DOCTRINES
•TEN COMMANDMENTS
•Seven Sacraments
-Baptism- to remove the guilt and effects of
Original Sin and welcome the baptized to the
Church
-Confirmation- to complete Baptism and bring
the baptized the graces of the Holy Spirit
-Holy Communion- entails the reception of
Christ’s body and blood
21. BELIEF/DOCTRINES
•Seven Sacraments
-Confession-meant to reconcile Christians with
God by confessing their sins
-Sacrament of Marriage-the union of a man and
a woman for the purpose of procreation and
mutual support
-reflects the union of
Jesus Christ and the
church
22. BELIEF/DOCTRINES
•Seven Sacraments
-Holy Orders-considered the continuation of
Christ’s priesthood which He passed on to His
apostles
-Anointing of the Sick-administered to those
who are on the verge of death or are seriously
ill, or about to undergo a serious operation, for
physical and moral strength
23. BELIEF/DOCTRINES
•Eight Beatitudes
-known as the “Sermon on the Mount” recorded
in Matthew 5-7
-eight sayings of Jesus at the beginning of the
“Sermon on the Mount”
•Apostles’ Creed
-not written by the apostles themselves but it
serves as a summary of their basic teachings
24. BELIEF/DOCTRINES
•Story of Creation
-narrates how God created the universe in six days
-first day- light and darkness
-second day- sky and the ocean
-third day- earth and plants
-fourth day- sun, moon, and the stars
-fifth day- sea creatures, land animals, and birds
-sixth day- man
-seventh day- God rested
25. WORSHIP AND OBSERVANCES
•Advent
-the season of waiting for the birth of the
Messiah
-four Sundays before Christmas and ending on
Christmas eve
-also anticipate the Second Coming
-Advent comes from the Latin word “adventus”
means coming or visit.
26. WORSHIP AND OBSERVANCES
•Lent
-refers to the season observed by Christians in
preparation for Easter, a celebration of the
resurrection of Christ.
-Ash Wednesday-signals the start of the season
of Lent
-begins 40 days before Easter
-follows certain rituals, such as fasting,
repentance, moderation, and self-discipline
28. WORSHIP AND OBSERVANCES
•Pentecost
-celebrated as a holiday to commemorate the
coming of the Holy Spirit to the early Christians
-Pentecost comes from the Greek word
pentekostos, which means “fifty”
-pertains to the Jewish holiday celebrated every
fifty days from the end of Passover to the
beginning of the next holiday
29. SUBDIVISIONS
•Catholics- largest sect, follow a Pope
•Orthodox- from earliest split in Christianity, many
subdivisions, no pope
•Anglican- English split from Catholicism, differs
from Catholicism in most traditions, no pope
•Protestant- from English reformation of
Catholicism, no pope
•Baptists- split from Protestant Christianity, believe
only practicing Christians be baptized
•Lutheran- from same English reformation, follow a
monk's view on religion in life, no pope
30. SELECTED ISSUES
•Ecumenism
-the effort of the Catholic Church to sponsor
activities and initiatives to promote mutual
understanding and unity among all Christians
-based on three principles
1) Christ established the Church on the Apostles
and their successors, whose head became
Peter and his successor the Bishop of Rome;
31. SELECTED ISSUES
•Ecumenism
2) since the first century there have been divisions
in Christianity, but many persons now separated
from visible unity with the successors of the
Apostles under Peter are nevertheless Christians
who possess more or less the fullness of grace
available in the Roman Catholic Church
3) Catholics are to do everything possible to foster
the ecumenical movement, which comprehends all
“the initiatives and activities, planned and
undertaken to promote Christian unity, according to
the Church’s various needs and opportunities”
32. SELECTED ISSUES
•Sexuality
-Christianity -advocates that the goal of sexual
union between men and women is procreation,
thus anything that might hinder this is
considered immoral.
-advocates natural family planning
-The Church does not allow same-sex marriage
and is vocal in opposing homosexual
relationships.
34. SELECTED ISSUES
•Family and Divorce
-divorce is not allowed in the Church, since it
believes in the sanctity of marriage
-marriage should be a lifetime bond between a
man and a woman, and is considered a legal
bond on earth and a spiritual bond in heaven
35. SELECTED ISSUES
•Family and Divorce
The Christian view on marriage is based on
Matthew 19:4-6, “He who made man from the
beginning, made them male and female. And he
said: For this cause shall a man leave father and
mother, and shall cleave to his wife, and they
two shall be in one flesh. Therefore now they
are not two, but one flesh. What therefore God
hath joined together, let no man put asunder.”
36. SELECTED ISSUES
•Family and Divorce
-Decree of Nullity, in which it is declared that the
marriage was never valid in the first place.
-every country in the world has a divorce law
except the Philippines
37. SELECTED ISSUES
•Capital Punishment and Euthanasia
-Capital punishment or death penalty wherein a
person is punished by death for his or her capital
crime.
-Christian belief that life is given by God and
should not be taken away by any person.
38. SELECTED ISSUES
•Capital Punishment and Euthanasia
-Euthanasia or mercy killing is also considered
immoral since it entails taking away what has
been given by God
-It is believed that human beings should not
interfere with the natural process of death.
Editor's Notes
In Roman Catholic churches, the crucifix is a regular feature, with the image of Christ nailed on the cross. This aims to emphasize Christ’s sufferings for humanity.
Protestant churches often feature only the cross without the image of the body of Christ, to emphasize Christ’s resurrection and not His suffering.
He criticized the uprightness and insincerity of religious officials and emphasized that God values service and love.
He criticized the uprightness and insincerity of religious officials and emphasized that God values service and love.
For some Christians, the concept of the Holy Trinity is not easy to understand. Although it is central to most Christian denominations
The first three sacraments are Baptism, Confirmation, and Holy Communion, which are considered the sacraments of initiation.
A letter written by the Council of Milan
features certain colors, such as purple/dark blue, which symbolizes seriousness, repentance, and royalty; and pink, which signifies joy.
The Acts of the Apostles, Chapter 2, which narrates how the first Christians came together in one place when suddenly they heard a sound coming from heaven and tongues of fire rested on their heads. They were said to be filled with the Holy Spirit which enabled them to speak other languages, after which Peter stood up and delivered his first sermon.
But unlike divorce, annulment entails a long, tedious, and expensive process, in which a partner has to prove that his/her partner is psychologically incapacitated to understand the commitment marriage entails, or one of the partners has deliberately hid some information, such as previous marriage, impotence, or infertility.
