The Great Debaters Apa Citation

The Great Debaters Apa Citation
"The Great Debaters" Movie (2007)
List five words from the Discipline of Logic in philosophy used in the movie "The Great Debaters"
1. Fallacy: Defined as a mistaken belief, especially one based on unsound argument. Example: "The
notion that the camera never lies is a fallacy"
2. Logic: An argument whereby the conclusion is supported by two premises, of which one (major
premise) contains the term (major term) that is the predicate of the conclusion, and the other (minor
premise) contains the term (minor term) that is the subject of the conclusion.
Example: Major Premise: Most people in philosophy 211 owe student loans.
Minor Premise: Recently a man was arrested for not paying $1,500.00 dollars in student loans owed
for the year 1980.
Conclusion: Therefore, students owing outstanding student loans stand a chance of going to jail but
most likely will not be imprisoned.
3. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Major Premise: A statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn.
Example: Most people in philosophy 211 owe student loans.
4. Minor Premise: In a syllogism containing the minor term, which will form the subject of the
conclusion. Example: Recently a man was arrested for not paying $1,500.00 dollars in student loans
owed for the year 1980.
5. Conclusion: The final and true logical statement that purports to follow from (the major and
minor premises) by means of an argument. Example: Therefore, students owing outstanding student
loans stand a chance of going to jail but most likely will not be
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Argumentative Essay On Hip Hop Culture
This paper seeks to examine different aspects and arguments regarding the hip hop culture. First, the
paper will discuss how Tricia Rose is concerned about hip hop in her book Hip Hop Wars. The paper
will then also discuss many arguments that are argued by both critics and defenders. Not only will
this paper discuss the arguments, but it will also debate them. Overall, from this paper one will see
that there is a reason to be concerned for hip hop and the culture. One will also discover that there is
a purpose for the arguments, but sometimes they are not always the best arguments.
To begin, in Tricia's Rose's Hip Hop Wars, the author goes into great detail about the current state of
hip hop. From reading this book, one will see that Rose feels worried about this new generation of
hip hop. This can be seen when Rose states, "Hip hop is in a terrible crisis" (Rose, 1). Rose feels
concern for this culture because of the messages that are coming from hip hop (Rose, 1). For
instance, Rose states "... the most commercially promoted and financially successful hip hop.... has
increasingly become a playground for caricatures of black gangstas, pimps, and hoes" (Rose, 1). It
becomes increasingly clear that Rose feels that these messages are responsible for the "dumbing'
down of hip hop's imagery" (Rose, 3). The reason for this being that these messages are so prevalent
in hip hop music. Rose states, "relying on an ever–narrowing range of images and themes, this
commercial juggernaut has played a central role in the near–depletion of what was once a vibrant,
diverse, and complex popular genre" (Rose, 1). In other words, when certain messages are delayed
over and over again, it becomes hard to focus on anything else. This is one example of why Rose is
concerned about hip hop. Overall though, the author is concerned with the messages being sent from
hip hop and how it is affecting what hip hop use to be. Further into her book, it is also clear that
Rose is concerned with the negative outlook that people have on hip hop. For example, Rose states
"...the increased profitability of the gangsta–pimp–ho trinity has inflamed already rile critics" (Rose,
4). Therefore, not only are these new messages changing hip hop, but they are

Perelman's Theory Of Argumetorics : Need For A New Rhetoric
I. Need For A New Rhetoric (122)
A. Attitudes of ancient Greeks were that rhetoric appeared to be the study of a technique used by the
common man impatient to arrive at rapid conclusions or to form an opinion without first seriously
investigating.
1. Rhetoric stressed matters of style at the expenses of rationality.
2. Rhetoric had not commanded much respect, particularly from philosophers.
B. Aristotle divides rhetoric into three forms.
1. Forensic Oratory deals with speaking in a court of law.
2. Deliberative Oratory deals with speaking on legislative matters.
3. Epidiectic Oratory deals with ceremonial speaking.
a. Audiences could not judge epidiectic oratory on both skill and content.
i. There was a need for values to be assessed rationally. ii. Questions of value are important to
rhetoric. iii. There was a need for a consensus of the minds of the audience regarding the value
celebrated in the speech. II. Argumentation and Logic (123)
II. Perelman's theory of Rhetoric is a theory of Argumentation rather than one that is based on
logic/demonstration.
A. Demonstration is formed from a calculated set of rules that are previously set.
1. Demonstration uses mathematical language.
a. Mathematical language offers formulas such as a/b=c/d.
b. The conclusion/claim is produced by reasoning from the premises.
2. Demonstration is impersonal.
3. Demonstration is calculation.
a. Calculation is the deduction of conclusions by adhering to a set of rules.
b. Demonstration's axioms are

Persuasive Speech On Free Speech
Free speech, the right for people to express their opinions and thoughts has and will continue to be
an ongoing daily debate in many people's lives. As we grow up and become more aware of the
political, social, and economic issues our world is faced with, we develop these thoughts based on
the issues and we are either for or against them, creating a separation between left and right side
debates. The discussion of being for or against platforming, has sparked the interest of universities
into whether or not they should practice the 'equal' distribution of power amongst the general
population and the steps they should take whether they agree or disagree with the issue as a whole.
The idea that speech can never be one hundred percent free goes to show that although there have
been major improvements in people's rights over time, there are still barriers that some believe must
continue to be implemented to this day. The main topics of conversation during this debate include
that there is a major difference between giving someone a platform, and having free speech. When
you give someone a platform, they are looked at as the main focus and they are able to convey their
opinions to bigger crowds rather than day–to–day human interaction. Giving someone the authority
to speak their opinions to an audience can be risky as you are not aware whether there will be a
certain filter for the specific audience, by being more sensitive to topics that some may get offended
to. In a democratic

Examples Of Logical Fallacies
The project was to learn the logical fallacies and create a political ad using them. We started out
using a storyboard to get our scenes in order. This was so we would plan out are ad and not just rush
into it head strong. For each scene we had three boxes the first one was what your viewer would see
like what you were wearing, background, and camera angle. The second box was what they would
hear like music or what you would be saying. The third would be what logical fallacy was shown in
that scene. All of this was to help our scenes work with the topic, scene, and logical fallacies we
wanted to show. Then once we had all our scenes together we started filming we did most of ours
outside but we even did some with the green screen (it was actually a blue wall). After filming was
done we started editing, I was out for most of this so I am not sure what was done, but this is where
you add green ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
so instead of having a week or so me and my partner only had around four or five days for filming.
Then he had to the editing by himself in three days because I was at game of logging. Also when
editing we could not do music and my voice in the same scene because for the most part I was
standing farther from the camera so my voice was not very loud. This made us have to change our
plans because on one of the scenes I was talking we wanted to have music but we had to Change it
because with the music we could not hear my voice. Another part that was hard for me was hearing
my own voice in the video it annoyed the heck out of me. I JUST CAN'T LISTEN TO MY
VOICE!!! One of the hardest things to do though was to put each logical fallacy in order so they
would make sense with what I wanted to say for each of them. This was a problem because I did not
want to have my ad sound like I was just shooting out a bunch of

The Declaration Of Independence : Argument And Persuasion...
The Declaration of Independence was written for the purpose of separating the American colonies
from the British Empire. In context of history, The Declaration was the first step into a modern
representative democracy. In addition, the makers of the declaration, primarily Thomas Jefferson,
constructed an argument to state the problems they had with Britain and tell how the new American
government was going to deal with the problems. The argument Jefferson constructed was one made
with all the wrong evidence; however, he built the argument in such a way to rally a people for war.
The Declaration of Independence is a well–written example of argument and persuasion with its use
of structure as a whole, use of specific fallacies, and use of appeals.
Foremost, when looking at the Declaration there needs to be an understanding of who the audience
is. The most prominent person who would be reading this document would be the king himself,
King George III. When looking at the Declaration, King George would primarily be looking at the
argument Jefferson put forth. He also would be looking at the attacks and accusations being set
against him. The purpose of the Declaration, with the King for an audience, is to separate all legal
and moral ties. In the newly formed American government, Congress would be looking at what they
were setting themselves up for and placing forth the foundation of their government. Congress's
purpose for writing the Declaration was to start a government and

Perseverance And Work Ethic Essay
Whenever I first joined debate, I was probably one of the worst debaters in the district. My gradual
improvement over the years can be attributed to many causes. However, I believe that my
perseverance and work ethic were the primary factors. The days before a tournament, I would often
stay up until midnight to write and practice speeches. Even if I had an unsuccessful tournament, I
would get back onto my feet and would keep running to prepare for the next tournament. There have
been countless times within the past four years that I have considered quitting debate once and for
all. To be honest, I often felt that my reasons were valid and logical. I hadn't had much success and
the activity seemed like a waste of time. But every time that I considered quitting, I came to the
same ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Now, I have progress drastically from the days where I would stare down at my paper the entire time
while delivering a speech. My perseverance and work ethic would reflect positively on the Eastern
Missouri district. With their massive docket and extremely competitive nature, the NCFL Grand
National Tournament require blood, sweat, and tears. By providing the hard work necessary, I can
hopefully show the entire nation what it truly means to be a Missourian: To work hard and strive for
success. I think that I am also uniquely qualified to compete at NCFL because of my unique
experiences with Congress. This past year, I have been coached by three different competitors that
were finalists at NSDA Nationals, NCFL Nationals, and the TOC. I attended a Speech and Debate
camp at Stanford where I learnt more about Congressional Debate. From my experiences, I have
realized that Congress in Eastern Missouri is drastically different than national circuit congress. For
starters, people at the national circuit don't start off their speeches with a regular quote that the
judges will definitely forget by the end of the

Everything's An Argument Ethos Pathos Logos
Ethos, Pathos, Logos, The base of most arguments that we have. In Everything's an Argument
authors Andrea Lunsford, John Ruszkiewicz, and Keith Walters inform the audience of how there is
a relationship between ethos, pathos, logos and the writer, speaker, audience. In their writing
(chapter 1) argue that everything can be turned into an argument. They support their claim by first
telling about Michelle Obama's tweets about her concern of a kidnapping, by terrorist group Boko
Haram, of more than 200 Nigerian girls in 2014. Then by explaining how we make arguments. The
author's purpose is to inform readers about make arguments by using ethos, pathos, and logos.
Author's, Keith Walters, Andrea Lunsford, and John Ruszkiewicz, in Everything's

No Room At The Inn By Yasmin Alibhai-Brown
In Yasmin Alibhai–Brown's "No Room at the Inn", The main argument is on immigration and the
racism situations immigrants are usually in. Yasmin Alibhai–Brown is a Ugandan–born British
journalist and Author. She has a master degree of philosophy in literate at Oxford in
1975.Additionally, she is a well–known reporter on issues relating to immigration, diversity and
multiculturalism. Alibhai–Brown also hold a position as an originator member of British Muslims
for Secular Democracy ("Yasmin Alibhai–Brown – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia," n.d.).
Alibhai–Brown is also a supporter of the SI Leeds Literary Prize ("Yasmin Alibhai–Brown –
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia," n.d.). In the New Year Honors 2001, Alibhai–Brown was
appointed a member ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Second, she well supported her article with significant amount of statistics. For instance, "In Britain
in 1997 only 0.18 per cent of application from Australian visitors were denied. The figure for
Ghanaians was 30 per cent. Almost all US citizens requesting settlement rights in Britain were
granted these rights but 30 per cent of Indians failed to acquire residency". Third, Alibhai–Brown
backs up her statements with real life examples. To illustrate, "People attending a Holocaust
Memorial Day in London in 2001 will never forget the appearance on stage of Kemal Kemal
Pervanic, the once–emaciated Bosnain Muslim seen on the news looking through barbed wire in the
Sub–built Omarska concentration camp". She supports her reasoning with another example like
"MC–the name appears Kurdish–sends me this email: 'I have no chance of warding off the
emotional tauntings and assaults of some peer groups of white guys...How should I act in this
situation and continue preserving my self–esteem and not start behaving like them? I have been
beaten and called "fucking Paki"

Summary of Deborah Tannen's the Argument Culture Essay
Have we become a world that has forgotten how to listen and debate? Why are people so quick to
argue? Everyone wants to prove their point these days. In "The Argument Culture," Deborah Tannen
discusses how today's society no longer honors the noble American tradition of debate. She explains
how we no longer want to take the time to listen to both sides and definitely not all sides of an issue.
We have become a society that would rather fight and argue, often to the point of violence. "The war
on drugs, the war on cancer, the battle of the sexes, politicians' turf battles– in the argument culture
war metaphors pervade our talk and shape our thinking," affirms Tannen. We approach the world in
an argumentative frame of mind." ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sadly, the more violent the argument is the more people want to watch it. Tannen believes that much
of this breakdown is caused by the lack of people interacting face to face. She feels that our high
tech world infused with social networking, email, cell phones, texting and more has given people a
way to communicate without actually connecting with each other. "The proliferation and increasing
portability of technology isolates people in a bubble–" warns Tannen. "The Argument Culture
shapes who we are and has a defining impact on our lives and on our culture." She believes it causes
us to distort facts.
As an example she cites the Nancy Kerrigan–Tonya Harding story. "After the original attack on
Kerrigan's knee, news stories focused on the rivalry between the two skaters instead of portraying
Kerrigan as the victim of the attack." Tannen also says it causes us to waste valuable time, as she
cites the case of scientist Robert Gallo, who co–discovered the Aids virus. He was the object of a
groundless four year investigation into allegations he had stolen the virus from another scientist. He
was exonerated, but the toll was enormous. In his words, "These were the most painful and horrible
years of my life." So, ultimately Gallo spent four years fighting accusations when he could have
been fighting AIDS. Tannen also states that it limits our thinking and encourages us to lie. "Military
metaphors train us to think about and see everything in terms

Logic Project: Appeal To Spite Fallacy
Logic Project: Appeal to Spite Fallacy
Killeen McClowry
The University of Texas at Dallas
BIS3320–The Nature of Intellectual Inquiry
Logic Project: Appeal to Spite Fallacy
Logical fallacies are fairly common in modern–day America. Fallacious statements are societally
prevalent in mainstream media; whether televised, in print, or found electronically, the reasoning
behind such arguments is erroneous. One such logical fallacy is the appeal to spite.
The Appeal to Spite Fallacy is a fallacy in which spite is substituted for evidence when an
"argument" is made against a claim. . . . This sort of "reasoning" is fallacious because a feeling of
spite does not count as evidence for or against a claim. (The Nizkor Project, 2012)
For an example of this fallacy, we can look to the opinionated writings of Connie Highland.
Highland writes an opinion column for The Paris Post–Intelligencer in Tennessee. In a recent article
Pro–homosexual Agenda Aims to Promote Deviancy, Indoctrinate Young Children, penned by
Highland and wrought with a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Her arguments are unsound, as they are not factually based. Highland is using her position as a
writer, her personal stance on homosexuality/hatred for homosexuals, and her shield of religion in
order to appeal to the readers' emotions in hopes of gaining alignment and support for
discrimination. It is important to identify logical fallacies, such as this and other appeals to spite, as
they infect the media with fatal flaws in logic in regards to inductive and deductive reasoning.
Expressed feelings of spite do not constitute as support for a claim nor does citing others with
similarly based opinions count as evidence in support of the logically fallacious claim. Whether it is
an opinion piece or a news headliner, if it contains a logical fallacy then it cannot be trusted as a
credible

The Argument Against Women 's Combat
Debunking the Arguments Against Women in Combat There are many who would argue that
allowing women, who are physically unprepared, to fight in combat would affect the cohesiveness
and combat readiness of the units in which they serve. Government officials and military personnel
are a just a few of the leaders behind this opposing argument.
When asked about women in ground combat, President Bush summed up his position in four words,
"No women in combat" (Curl and Scarborough A01). He supported his statement further by
claiming that, "The policies currently in place that prevent women from fighting in combat have
served our nation well. There is no reason to change what is already working. Our military is
successful and will continue to be so" (ibid.). In saying this, however, he is providing an emotional
fallacy to the listener. He is appealing with Americans to keep with their traditions. Bush also,
unintentionally, gives a post hoc fallacy when he alludes to the fact that if women fought in combat,
our military wouldn't be as successful. Furthermore, he makes the assumption that if women were
allowed to fight in combat, they would negatively affect unit cohesion and male bonding, but he
gives no evidence to support his assumption.
Other opponents argue that women aren't really interested in fighting in combat, they're more
concerned with the benefits they would get as a result. Anna Simmons, a Professor of Defense
Analysis at a Naval Postgraduate School, stated this,

Four Souls Reflective Essay
The second semester of this course has opened up several different strands of conversation,
including sexuality, erotica, politics, mothering and women's connection to water. The atmosphere in
the class has changed slightly from the last semester, as the class has become more familiar with
each other's views and perspectives. This has increased the dialogue and discussions, though
attendance is lower I find when I did go to class that the discussion was often interesting and in–
depth. This atmosphere allowed students to bring their children without fear of being judged, which
is very uplifting as acceptance in classrooms is sometimes not present. I found this very prevalent
during my seminar lead, as my classmates seemed to be even more excited ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The book was a much needed relief to constant non–fictitious readings, as it allowed a different part
of my brain to process the information and allowed me to truly enjoy what I was reading. Erdrich's
writing depicts a picture of women's strength, which I found to be represented best through
Nanapush's story line. In the novel Nanapush relates to his discussions with the Earth and a man's
place on it, the Earth discussing her disdain of men living on her body; "And I allow it – not because
you are a human and not because you are a man – but because you were born of a woman. I, the
earth, respect a woman's pain as it is freely given to the service of life... You're only here on my
patience and on the patience of women." (Pp. 156, 2006) The indifference the Earth demonstrated
towards men in this storyline really resonated with me, as I found it truly demonstrated the power
Indigenous women hold and our responsibility as life carriers. This, of course does not negate the
responsibilities and roles that men hold, but rather I found it spoke on women's connection to the
Earth and it seemed to be poking fun at current Patriarchal views. Erdrich's words both depicted
both nightmares and humour, which as a previous fan of Erdrich who enjoys darker themes I
extremely enjoyed. Her novel was the perfect way to discuss the accumulated knowledge we learned
throughout the course and allowed students to enjoy their readings during the stress of end of

Examples Of Conjugation Fallacy
Question One The conjugation fallacy refers to the probability that two events are more likely than
one of the events occurring solely (Plous, 1993). This fallacy is a type of representative heuristic
that can form stereotypes and generalizations. As discussed by the book and in class, a common
example refers to Linda the bank teller. A description of Linda is given that portrays her as a well–
educated philosophy major who is also active with controversial social issues and demonstrations.
Then, one is asked to choose between two identities that could be Linda's. One states that Linda is a
bank teller, while the other states that Linda is a bank teller and is an active feminist. Many people,
including myself, choose the second statement that Linda is a bank teller and is an active feminist
when it is equally probable that Linda could be just a bank teller. The book depicts a Venn Diagram,
which is helpful to better understand the conjugation fallacy (Plous, 1993). It shows how the overlap
between bank tellers and feminist is just as probable as being a bank teller or a feminist. Kahneman
and Tversky ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One may experience cognitive dissonance when he or she has performed an undesirable action that
is inconsistent with his or her belief of his or herself (Plous, 1993). The self–perception theory
explains this dissonance by how people think of themselves (Plous, 1993). People naturally tend to
believe they are good people, so actions inconsistent with their thoughts create an unsettling feeling.
To reduce this feeling, an individual tries to justify his or her actions. In order to justify the decision,
an individual can revoke the decision, increase or decrease the attractiveness of the decision, or
minimize the importance of the decision. After further learning about this phenomenon, I often
notice the simplest moments of cognitive dissonance in my daily

Analysis Of Stephen Toulmin's Argument
The Stephen Toulmin was a British Philosopher who created a system of argumentation, called the
Toulmin Model. The Toulmin Model breaks down an argument into six parts: claims (what I hope to
prove), evidence (support), warrant (connection between "claims" and "evidence), backing (support
for the warrant), rebuttal (potential objection to the claim), and qualifier (limits put on the claim).
The first three parts are the most important. The Toulmin Model is an actual structure that can be
used in any argument, from academic essays to commercial advertisement. It can also be used to
analyze irrational situations.
I found the Toulmin Model video and power point to be the most useful in terms of improving my
writing. The examples were extremely

Argumentation Theory Vs. Argument
Introduction Since the beginning of time, humans have made arguments. Arguments doesn't
necessary mean that you disagree with someone, or want to attack someone else's opinions. It could
just be something that you want to convince people is right, or it could be an argument just like you
would think an argument between two people would be. As Toulmin states in his book The Uses of
Argument, "Not every argument is set out in formal defense of an outright assertion"(Toulmin,
2003, pg 12). Sometimes an argument is just sharing a thought with someone who doesn't have
those same thoughts. The argumentation theory has developed as humans and communication has,
but it still has the basic principles that it had when it was invented. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Nobody is making a valid argument. Instead they are making statements; statements that have no
logical reasoning, or anything to back them up. Because of this, because nobody is making a valid
argument as the argumentation theory states, we have people that just simply cannot respect one
another's statements and points of view.
As Argumentation Theory Stands Today Argumentation has been studied, and as I stated earlier, has
evolved over the many years it has been studied. The most modern and well–known scientist that
has had a major role in explaining argumentation theory is Stephen Toulmin. Toulmin breaks down
the stages of an argument, and made a structure that if used, expresses the argumentation theory as
the definition I described above states. He claims that if this structure is used, arguments will
become more favorable to be accepted by others without that same idea (Toulmin, 2003). He breaks
the structure down into six parts, all crucial to one another without any of them being able to stand
alone without the other. The first thing in the structure is a claim, which he describes as purely a
statement, meaning that without something to actually back it up, it means nothing (Toulmin, 2003).
He then moves on to the ground or foundation of the argument. This is where you explain why your
making the statement, why it means what your about to say it means (Toulmin, 2003). Then he
moves on to warrant, or a justification of your claim, telling

Fallacies : A Logical Fallacy
A logical fallacy is false or misinforming opinions that prove nothing. At times fallacies seem to be
sound, and often have lots of persuasive control, even after it's undoubtedly exposed as being
untrue. Fallacies are not always deliberate, still yet we find them all over the place, like commercials
for an example. Though there are several logical fallacies, four logical fallacies generally found in
advertising are amphiboly, appeal to authority, appeal to emotion, and non sequitur (logic). Fallacies
should not be allowed in advertising because they create more harm than good; alcohol commercials
make drinking appear fun but do not always show the consequences of drinking too much and some
commercials even use scare tactics to sell products.
When a reason contains a fallacy, it is invalid; the conclusion is no longer acceptable, but the
listener may not notice what went wrong. There are many ways arguments can go wrong and many
fallacies. Some occasionally appear or are unlikely to deceive; others more undoubtedly mislead,
especially when people do not examine carefully what is being said. "Fallacies are put into two
groups: formal and informal. A formal fallacy is a type of inaccuracy in the logical structure of an
argument. An informal fallacy is basically a flaw in logical form." The reason may have such a flaw,
but when it is put in a correct logical form something else emerges as the real problem. One type of
informal fallacy is the argument from ignorance; assuming

Fallacies In The Logical Structure Of The Argument
What is logic? What is a fallacy? Well both, logic and fallacy almost mean the same thing or even
relate to one another. According to quora.com, a fallacy is a pattern of reasoning that is always
wrong. This is due to a flaw in the logical structure of the argument which renders the argument
invalid. However, there are many fallacies out there but the three main ones. First, there is appeal to
authority, Second, there is begging the question. Third, there is attacking the person. It is important
for a student to understand fallacies as well as logic and how they relate to each other.
To begin with, the first main fallacy is when the writer is appealing to authority. According to
www.logicallyfallacious.com, the definition of appealing to authority is when Using an ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to www.logicallyfallacious.com, the definition of attacking the person is when Attacking
the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself, when the attack on the person is
completely irrelevant to the argument the person is making. In other words, it is when the person
talking is being attacked personally is attacked by thing that do not relate to the subject that he or
she are talking about. However, the first example of attacking the person is "Jane says that drug use
is morally wrong, but she is just a goody–two shoes Christian, so we don't have to listen to her.".
Another example is, "That claim cannot be true. Dave believes it, and we know how morally
repulsive he is." However, there are also a few examples from the story called "Love is a Fallacy"
which are relating to the fallacy "attacking the person" The first example from the story is when
Dobie says "Petey, are you in love with Polly Espy and Petey says "I think she's a keen kid". The
second example from the story is when Petey says "What's Polly to me, or me to Polly"? To
conclude, these are all the examples and details about the fallacy " attacking the

Fallacy: Definition And Explanation
Definition:
A statement suggests that unpleasant consequences will follow if a person does not agree to a
condition. However, this fallacy should not be confused with legitimate threats. The fallacy is in full
effect when the proposition "uses threat of harm to advance one's conclusion" (Engels 216).
Examples:
(i) Whether you swung to the left or swung to the right, you will swing . (The Turner Diaries)
(ii) NAFTA is wrong, and if you don't vote against NAFTA then we will vote you out of office. (iii)
If you bring me to my room earlier than 9 PM a tiger is going to eat you.
Re–position:
Identify the threat. Note if it is legitimate (the threat could some true) or contrived (the person is the
one making the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(iii) My life will be sad and empty if you don't give me a horsey–ride Re–position:
Identify the proposition and ask yourself if you should judge the argument on the subject at hand or
on the person speaking. Argue that the pitiful state of the arguer has nothing to do with the truth of
the proposition.
Explanation:
If you read the forward to this book, you would have encountered the discussion of context. That is,
some theories suggest we need to know the context of the argument to decide if an argument is valid
of fallacious, and some theories suggest we need to also view the context of the people speaking. In
i, my "pitiful" plea about the time I spent working on this text should have no bearing on your
approval or disapproval of it, likewise with grades in example ii.
Sometimes, the use of this fallacy is valid. The "pitiful" state of starving children seems like a valid
reason for asking or giving money to a foundation helping such kids. The main point seems to be
this: is the "pitiful" state reaffirming the subject, such as with starving children, or is the pitiful state
asking us to ignore the subject, such example

The Fallance Of A Fallacy
Literature Review:
INTRODUCTION:
A fallacy is, very generally, an error in reasoning. This differs from a factual error, which is simply
being wrong about the facts. To be more specific, a fallacy is an "argument" in which the premises
given for the conclusion do not provide the needed degree of support.
(Michael Labossiere)
The word "fallacy" is not an accurate term. One reason is that it is questionable. It can mention
either to
(a) a sort of an error in argument,
(b) a sort of error in thinking
(c) a false opinion
(d) the reason for any of the past mistakes including what are typically referred to as "explanatory
strategies."
HISTORY
Aristotle was both the main formal and informal logician, inventorying sorts of off base thinking, ...
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The point is to think of a record or theory of when premises of an arguments make the conclusion
more possibly to be valid, if the premises are valid. Also, logic is concerned with the connection
between the premises of an argument and the results. This is because of arguments or bits of
thinking are a way that we can convince somebody to acknowledge a conclusion, and if the thinking
is conceivable, we can then pass on learning or if nothing else sensible belief to that individual.
FALLACY
A Fallacy is a misconception in arguments. As logicians utilize the word it assigns not any mixed–
up thought or false notion, but rather regular errors, faults that emerge usually in conventional talk,
and that feels unsound the error in which they show up.
There are various contending and covering approaches to order fallacies of argumentation. For
example, they can be categorized into formal or informal fallacies. A formal fallacy can be
recognized by inspecting the logical type of the thinking, while an informal fallacy relies on the
substance of the thinking and potentially the motivation behind the thinking. That informal fallacy is
error of thinking that can't without much of a stretch be communicated in our arrangement of formal

Examples Of False Analogy
The logical fallacy identified in question five is False Analogy. False Analogy is a false comparison
between two objects or two different points of view. In the cartoon two men are sitting next to each
other in their cars. One of them is a member of the National Regulatory Authority that says "Guns
don't kill people do" and the other one is a drug dealer that says, "Drugs don't kill people do". This
cartoon actually comes across comical because both of them are obviously going to have two
different points of view. These two analogies are not something you can really compare because we
have constitutional rights to bear arms, but drugs do not have constitutional rights. It is like
comparing oranges to apples. They are two completely unrelated topics. However they can both be
dangerous, but drugs and guns do not serve the same purpose. They are two completely different
subjects. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Equivocation works by intentionally using a word that has more than one interpretation. It misleads
the reader or listener by comparing two things that are not necessarily equal. In the cartoon, two
students were caught cheating and tried to explain their actions to the professor by saying "We
weren't cheating. We were consulting." As it shows in the cartoon the professor is clearly
unimpressed by the students witty response. If I were the teacher my response would be consulting
during a test is not allowed. Even though the students tried to twist the truth the professor knew they
were lying. The students did not want to get in trouble so therefore they resulted in twisting the truth
and hoping that the professor would believe

Fallacy Arguments
In the literary exposition, finding the good argument or why bother with logic, Rebecca Jones,
demonstrates how to invent and recognize good and bad arguments. Jones advances her
demonstration by providing the different models of rhetoric. These arguments are demonstrated as
well through ideas such as ethical behavior is necessary, fallacy of public argument in mainstream
media, as well as the three appeals using the power of emotion to persuade us.
Fallacies in argumentation occur in many different situations. One such situation where this is
apparent is fallacy of public argument in the mainstream media. These fallacies can be unintentional
though described by this quote, "While fallacious arguments, if purposeful, pose real ethical
problems, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She speaks on many different topic but her major premise is augmentation and what makes a good
or bad argument, as well as the nature of argumentation itself, She begins with discussing the idea
that "argument is war," where she goes on to say further "The war metaphor offers many limiting
assumptions: there are only two sides, someone must win decisively, and compromise means
losing." Jones describes how Americans see argumentation as a battle or war that can be won or lost.
Jones then goes on to talk about fallacies in the public and in media, she illustrates this with her
usage of a cartoon and a video link leading to a debate between john Stewart and a talk show host.
Jones later speaks upon classical rhetoric, rhetoricians such as Aristotle and Gorgias, and the nature
of a good citizen. She subsequently begins to introduce and elaborate upon deductive reasoning,
inductive reasoning and syllogisms, afterwards moving on to the three appeals. She then goes on to
describe Toulmin who "views argument as it appears in a conversation, in a letter, or some other
context because real arguments are much more complex than the syllogisms that make up the bulk
of Aristotle's logical program," meaning that he sees arguments in

Counter Argument On Meditation
Counter Argument
Although admired by many very few of us truthfully know what meditation is. It is more or less
mental activity aiming at shifting human concentration to something else; others consider that
humans meditate when they visualize something that gives them peacetime or satisfaction. No
matter what the scientific definition is, the goal is to slow down and, eventually, completely break
the continuous activity of the human mind. Mariam Emara is supporting meditation powerfully as
she is an Arhati Yogi, pranic healer and meditation instructor she is trying to transfer her knowledge
to others and to inspire people to start practicing meditation. Although the writer of the article tried
to promote the idea and practice of meditation, she relied more on her personal experience instead of
scientific facts. She resorted to false assumption, logical fallacies and weak evidence from different
cultures without explaining any of them.
The reader would with the author's ideas because at the beginning she mentioned that meditation, ...
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The first logical fallacy is slippery Slope – meditation can help, because it is the brain that
ultimately controls the body. Meditation is a mental and spiritual activity, while the brain in the
article context is a human organ that produces chemicals, renews cells and controls the physiological
aspects of the human body. I.e. meditation as a spiritual practice does not necessarily lead to
physiological enhancement. Another slippery slope is: "by using techniques of positive affirmation,
it can help in weight loss." Weight loss is more problematic than this. The third logical fallacies false
analogy – "Egypt has not always been fertile ground for a meditation culture...many people do not
believe in meditation. "The fourth logical fallacy generalization – American or Chinese counterparts
practice meditation and make a difference in their

American Indian Mascots Racist Analysis
To reach a compromise, a person must be able argue effectively, but also not ignite or be hostile
towards the opposing arguer. An argument is an exchange of diverging or opposite views but it does
not need to be a belligerent debate because it leads to a verbal stalemate. The Rogerian Method,
derived from psychologist, Carl Rogers, is a way for two parties to peacefully argue to avoid an
adversarial approach. An example of effective use of the Rogerian Method is in "Is The Use of
American Indian Mascots Racist?," written by Jane Willy discussing that the use of Native
American tribe names is not meant to be condescending or demeaning. The first part of the Rogerian
Argument in the introduction or the "meet in the middle." In the introduction, ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The author cases that people would not call sports teams "the Jewboys," "the Chinks," or any other
clearly derogatory names (Willy, 2008). These racist nick names directly relate and is mentioned
with hostility because they were originated from a time in which their ethnicity was seen as, but in
correctly, inferior. Willy also provide exceptions, such as the "'Fighting Irish'" and the "Yankees"
(Willy, 2008). No one has ever mentioned these two examples or has stated it is "hurtful" (Willy,
2008). The author provides another strong example which is continuously argued daily. African–
Americans are visually and physically black, hence the name "'Negro,'" which from the "Latin root,"
means "'black'", but if African–Americans prefer not to be called by "'Negro'" then they shouldn't
(Willy, 2008). It is the people of the ethnicity who possess the authority to choose what they wish to
be recognized by. The group of Seminoles in Florida is "supporting" Florida State University's use
of their tribe name as the university's team name, but the Seminoles located in Oklahoma was
against this (Willy, 2008). The author uses this context to show that the opponent's position may not
be valid by showing that it is not a matter of racism, but a matter of social allowance of these names.

George Bush Fallacies Analysis
Not only do democrats have fallacies in their reasoning but republicans do too. At the start of the
21st century, George Bush had to make a case against the horrible terrorist attacks of September 11,
2001. Instead of presenting a sound argument, Bush used the fallacy of False Dilemma to persuade
people to believe him. Bush said, "Either you are with us, or you are with the terrorists." ("Logical
Fallacies: George W. Bush.") Though Bush could have made a more persuasive argument that did
not involve fallacies, he decided to use faulty logic to present this issue. When Bush talks about
bringing justice to the American people, he also presents a logical fallacy. He said, "Whether we
bring our enemies to justice or bring justice to our enemies, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This topic was one of the biggest topics discussed in the presidential debates of 2016. Because this
issue has many consequences, people should be able to form an argument that conveys their opinion
without presenting a logical fallacy that will undermine their entire argument. Some of the people
who believe immigration is one of the biggest reasons the U.S. is a great country use the past to
build their argument. They say, "After our huge wave of immigration at the turn of the century,
America went on to greatness." (Garling, Scip). This is an example of the Post Hoc fallacy. The
argument is wrong because it is saying that immigration made America great. This is not a fact. It
could be true but cannot be proven. Even these arguments can be pushed by emotion. Another
argument says, "Widowed Maria Vargas, who works two jobs and sews her own clothes, only wants
to make a better life for her baby girl. She heard that, in America, if she works hard, she can give her
daughter the life she could only dream of as a child." (Garling, Scip). This is an example of the
Appeal to Pity fallacy. This fallacy is one of the easiest to see and one of the most commonly used.
This argument's point is to make someone feel sorry for people living in other countries. Though it
is natural to feel pity for people, it is not a valid argument because it is not based on

Logical Fallacies: Wednesday's Nutrition Exam
After learning about the logical fallacies, I began to notice that people use them quite a lot. This
weekend I tried being on the lookout for when someone used them, but now that I reflect back I
realize that I have used some too. I realized that I used the post hoc, ergom pro pter hoc, and that
people around me used the appeal to tradition. I employed the psot hoc, ergo, pro pter hoc this week
when it came to my study method. On my last nutrition exam, I receive an A. I did not really study
of the book or of my notes from class, instead I focused mostly on going over my past homework
assignments and researching about the topics. This weekend, as I studied for Wednesday's nutrition
exam, I employed the same study methods. I thought that if

Comparison Between Friedrich Nietzsche And Dr. Martin...
Whether or not you agree with their views, both Friedrich Nietzsche and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
were great, highly influential men. Their views, though radically different, impacted the world in the
greatest of ways, altering history for many nations. While Nietzsche, a German philosopher from the
1800s, spoke from a materialistic point of view, believing that there is no god and that all that exists
is matter, King, a civil rights activist of the 1900s, spoke from the belief in transcendence, that there
is indeed a god, and that he exists in a divine realm outside of this universe. But not only do these
men differ in their backgrounds and religious beliefs, they differ radically in how they believe
society should function. In Nietzsche's writings, he promoted a system that emphasizes will to
power. He believed that an aristocracy was the basis for a great society. King, on the other hand,
promoted a system of equality and justice. He thought all men were created equal, and that society
should reflect that belief. The writings of these men have come to be studied by people everywhere.
They are so influential, in fact, that one of them played an incredible role in getting our society to
the point that it is today.
As stated previously, Nietzsche's work was both great and highly influential. The Nazis even used
his writings as a basis for their beliefs. Nietzsche believed that the greatest societies were always
built upon the aristocratic system. Since he believed there

Summary Of For Argument's Sake By Deborah Tannen
After reading the article "For Argument's Sake" by Deborah Tannen, it was clear that she was trying
to prove that people now a day will argue just to argue. She uses her own experiences as examples.
For example, she was on a talk show with her antagonist, who stated to her "When you get out there,
I'm going to attack you. But don't take it personally." Even though her antagonist clearly stated he
enjoyed her book, he was still going to argue with her over it, therefore arguing just to argue.
Another example she uses is when a woman called that talk show. The woman told a story of her
walking to an area that was a non–smoking area, where there she found a man smoking. She figured
that instead of demanding him to stop smoking, she simply states

Against High School Sports Amanda Ripley Summary
Do Sports have a Negative effect on Students Academic Progress? In the article "The Case Against
High School Sports", Amanda Ripley provides solid reasons on whether sports have a negative
effect on students' academic progress. Along with solid reasons, Ripley gives the audience live
examples to support her claim. Ripley claims that eliminating sports is the best way to improve
students' academic progress because students will have a larger emphasis on intelligence. Ripley's
first argument is built around comparing United States and South Korea's academic achievements.
With the help of Jenny, "who moved to America from South Korea with her family in 2011" (para
2), Ripley compared the two schools according to these academic and sports performances. The first
difference Jenny notices is that Sports are getting way too much attention in comparison with South
Korean School. The school she attended in the United States had and 6 tennis courts, lush grass
fields and an athletic Hall of Fame (para 2).
In the South Korean School, students in Jenny's school played soccer on dirt fields during their
lunch period or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The author points out a connection between high school sports and academic progress of students.
She conveys this through her example regarding foreign school that do not believe in having sports.
As mentioned previously, South Korean School placed 4th worldwide in the math test, and they do
not have sports in the school culture. This is an example of false cause because there is no
relationship between h sports and academic progress. As well as being a false cause, the example
referencing Jenny also contains a hasty generalization. Ripley does not present plentiful evidence in
order to support her claims because she only demonstrates few countries in comparison with the
United States. Along with Jenny's example, there are more fallacies in the other examples she
provides the audience

Argument Of An Open Source Visualisation Tool
Argument Visualisation tools
1. Abstract
2. Introduction
Argumentation is the area that studies the relation between a claim and any statement that supports
or opposes this claim.
Argument visualisation is the way to present the arguments, which make it easy way to analysis and
evaluate. There are many tools help to visualise arguments used different type of visualisation, such
as, network, tree, and table.
Argument graph is import to summarize the complex argument on documents, which make all the
argument's elements and relation clear and explicit. Also it can play role in making decision. The
decision can be taken after analysis the graph and find solution for problems.
3. Background
3.1. Network Visualisation:
It is type of visualisation which support directed and undirected graph. The graph consists of nodes
and lines.
3.1.1. CompendiumLD: is an open source visualisation tool that is usually used for learning
purposes [1]. It helps education's staff to organise their ideas, design learning tutorials, and share
relevant materials with students. CompendiumLD has a clear layout as Fig. 1 shows. This tool
consists of sets of icons. Users can simply drag and drop the icons and use arrows to link between
the icons and describe task's direction between them. The icons are divide to groups according to
their objectives [2]. Some icons are used for learning design while other are used to express
conditional issues in the task. For example, if a student passes the

Fallacies And Aspects Of Cheating In The Film : Faking The...
Cheating, also known according to the film as faking the grade, is certainly unfair to honest
students. The unfairness comes in some cases where the cheater outperforms the honest student.
Faking the Grade is a film that portrays cheating as something immoral and that it puts the honest
people at a disadvantage whether it is during school/university or throughout their lives. Children
nowadays are depending on the many forms of cheating to be successful. According to Schmuley
Boteach, however, cheating is something to blame on the parents and not the children because that is
where it starts (Faking the Grade, web). In this paper I analyze arguments made in the film by
specifically focusing on the generalizations made and connecting them to the different fallacies and
principles of argumentation that relate to hasty generalizations. First, I discuss a hasty generalization
that was introduced in the film at the beginning which led for the remaining arguments of the film to
be weaker and narrowed down. Then, I discuss Boteach's argument which concludes that parents are
the main fault for kids cheating and I mention the variety of different fallacies committed in that
argument.
The generalizations made in this film are very clear. The narrator starts off the film by bringing up a
study made in Canada where half of the undergraduates admitted to cheating in university and over
three quarters admitted they cheated in high school (Faking the Grade, web). We can tell from the

Does Argument Means To Be Right Or Wrong?
In ordinary English, the word argument often means a fight, and there is a hint of unpleasantness in
the word. That is not the way the word is used here. In the logicians sense, an argument is a chain of
reasoning designed to prove something. It consists of one or more Premises. (Rachels, 2010, p. 21)
When two people argue, it is out of the belief that what that one person believes to be right is right,
and what the other believes is wrong. There is a lot of that in society today. The Christians believe
that there is a God, and that we were created for a purpose. The Atheists however, believe that we
came from animals billions of years ago, and they believe that there is no God, and so believe in
nothing. So putting myself aside here, Christians

Modern Technology And Its Impact On Modern Society Essay
Modern technology has undoubtedly had a profound impact on contemporary society. However,
critics of modern technology emphasize that modern technology has had deleterious effects on
young Americans. In The Dumbest Generation: How the Digital Age Stupefies Young Americans
and Jeopardizes Our Future: Or, Don 't Trust Anyone under 30, Mark Bauerlein attempts to argue
that the young Americans of contemporary society are increasingly unintelligent as a result of
modern technology, but fails to elaborate on his criteria for evaluating intelligence. Bauerlein
engages in fallacious rhetoric while presenting his argument that today's young Americans are part
of the "dumbest generation" because he fails to acknowledge the beneficial impacts that modern
technology has had on Americans. His overall argument is diminished by his usage of logical
fallacies, while arguments that do not rely on logical fallacies and rather focus on deliberate
rhetorical appeals are more cogent. Bauerlein's failure to contribute relevant evidence and his
excessive use of logical fallacies ultimately hinders his argument that modern technology has led to
the decline in youth intelligence, which is what makes counter–arguments presented by other
authors, such as Clay Shirky and Donald Norman's, much more convincing. In his book The
Dumbest Generation, Emory Professor Mark Bauerlein emphasizes his belief that most young
Americans avoid learning due to their pre–occupation with modern technology. He

The Pros And Cons Of Abortion
A hotly debated topic in our time is whether abortion should be allowed. Moral arguments have
battled back and forth for years, each argument refuting the next. Finally, Don Marquis, a professor
in philosophy at the University of Kansas, makes his argument against abortion. Does Marquis play
the trump card? Is this the end all argument? Let us explore his argument. What makes killing us
wrong? Much had to be considered when approaching this question, but, in summary, Marquis
comes to this conclusion: it is sufficient to make killing us seriously wrong, he says, that "killing
someone is wrong...when it deprives her of a future like ours" (Marquis, 1997). Killing us is wrong
because it causes premature death; premature death is a misfortune, and it is a misfortune because it
deprives an individual of a future value (Marquis, 1997). Marquis's argument is called the "Future
Like Ours" argument (FLO, for short). To support FLO, Marquis gives four arguments: The
Considered Judgment Argument, The Worst of Crimes Argument, The Appeal of Cases Argument,
and The Analogy with Animals Argument. First, In The Considered Judgment Argument, Marquis
suggests that the wrongness of killing outlined in FLO "fits with our considered judgment
concerning the nature of the misfortune of death" (Marquis, 1997). If one were to ask someone
dying of a fatal disease if their loss of a future of value makes their death a misfortune, the answer
would certainly be yes (Marquis, 1997).
Second, crimes of

Case Study for Acuscan, Inc Essay
Critical Case Study Assignment
Maurine Shaughnessy
GEN/480
Paul C. Moretti, M.B.A.
September 12, 2006
I am the newly hired Vice President of Organizational Development. My responsibilities include
creating the Organizational Development Department. I look forward to working with all of you
especially with finding a new and improved product based on our already developed retinal
scanning system iScanner. First of all I am going to discuss assumptions made by Kelly Thomas, Pat
Lambert, Cliff O'Connor and Chris Martinas. After each employee assumptions will be their
arguments and my evaluation of whether the argument is sound or unsound and why.
Kelly Thomas – Senior Engineer, Product Development
1. Assumed that Pat, Director of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2. Assumed programmers had plenty of time to work on new product even though he knew staff was
cut last year.
3. Assumed because they were not agreeing with him they were not committed to the new product.
4. Assumed that the job could be done by outside contractors in the specified time frame. Also with
money being a problem.
5. Assumed a meeting would resolve all problems.
6. Assumed the customer would be happy with whatever product was developed and launched.
7. Assumed Kelly was being a "smart ass" because he questioned his knowledge about QC.
Pat argued that the scanner needed to be launched in retail, not banks or other easy markets. He also
argued with Chris, Kelly's manager, that Kelly informed him that it would not be a problem to
expand the iScanner. Another argument he made is he had bigger problems than to listen to than
answering other questions presented by other staff members. Pats decision to launch a new product
in a new market was sound. To be the first company on the market with a new product to get ahead
of your competitors is a good market strategy. His idea to use an outside contractor was unsound
because we are already in a budget deficit and there is now guarantee that the contractor would have
the product completed in time. His statement about having bigger problems than to answer questions
from other staff members was an emotional one. I think he felt nobody wanted to work with

Why Women Still Can T Have It All Summary
Rough Draft Many people have different perspectives about who can have it all. In "Why Women
Still Can't Have It All," Anne–Marie Slaughter makes a point in her essay which is that you cannot
have it all. However, in "Why Men Still Can't Have It All," Richard Dorment responds to her essay
with a different opinion, and he makes arguments to prove his opinion about this topic. To
understand his opinion, we are going to look at his points, how did he make the points, and my
personal opinion on his argument. First of all, Dorment makes many points in his essay responding
to Slaughter essay. He starts by trying to show that men and women have equal opportunities. Also,
there is not gender advantageous in 2013. He also claims that men and women have roughly the
same number of workload hours weekly including the hours of work at home and outside the house.
Dorment claims that men get involved and help with the house work more than men 30 years ago.
He also says that sometimes men do not help with the house work because they spend more hours in
their jobs than women do. In addition, he thinks that men do not as much as women do in the house
work since there is the expectation that women would do the majority of the house work. Also,
sometimes women do not like the way that men do the house work because it is different from the
way the women do it which make them think it is the wrong way. Dorment makes another point
which is that men nowadays have better relationships with their

The Church Of Liberalism By Ann Coulter
Brittany Zeock
James Holland & Michael Martin
Government & Politics in the US
4/30/15
Ramblings of the Ill–informed
In Godless: The Church of Liberalism, published by Three Rivers Press in 2007, author Ann Coulter
argues that liberalism has become a religion despite liberals rejecting god and religion. On the first
page Coulter writes, "Of course liberalism is a religion. It has its own cosmology, its own miracles .
. . its own churches, its own high priests, its own saints, its own total worldview, and its own
explanation of the existence of the universe. In other words, liberalism contains all the attributes of
what is generally known as a religion." Coulter attempts to draw many parallels between liberals
and religious people in the beginning of the book. Coulter then gets into the ideologies that the
"liberal religion" possesses in the chapters to follow. This includes Coulter's assertion that liberals
love violent criminals, but hate fetuses because all liberals oppose the death penalty and support
abortions. Coulter's overgeneralizations continue when she rants and yells about the liberal media's
adoration for educators and how teachers are the saints for leftists and schools are like churches of
socialism. Then Coulter states that educators are indoctrinating students with false beliefs in
evolution and turning children away from Christianity. Finally, Coulter attempts to disprove
evolution a very small amount understanding of what evolution really is. In Godless: The

Argumentative Essay
Argumentative Essay
The function of an argumentative essay is to show that your assertion (opinion, theory, and
hypothesis) about some phenomenon or phenomena is correct or more truthful than others'. The art
of argumentation is not an easy skill to acquire. Many people might think that if one simply has an
opinion, one can argue it successfully, and these folks are always surprised when others don't agree
with them because their logic seems so correct. Argumentative writing is the act of forming reasons,
making inductions, drawing conclusions, and applying them to the case in discussion; the operation
of inferring propositions, not known or admitted as true, from facts or principles known, admitted,
or proved to be true. It clearly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Inductive logic arrives at likely conclusions by counting up evidence, while deductive logic arrives
at necessary conclusions by examining the logical meanings of statements. According to Purdue
University English Profession Neil Gill, deductive arguments can be grouped into two categories: A
Rogerian argument considers several viewpoints and selects the best one, whereas a Toulmin
argument presents a single, linear argument (i.e., A therefore B) in support of a position. Fallacious
Fallacious arguments are logical–seeming arguments that are not valid. Unlike logical arguments,
fallacious arguments do not arrive at valid conclusions or inferences. There are literally dozens of
fallacious arguments you can commit; a fallacious argument style is one that commits one or more
fallacies frequently. For example, if a person in an argument persistently says, "the economy went
up this year, therefore the party in power caused the economy to improve," that person is engaging
in the "post hoc ergo propter hoc" fallacy, an invalid argument of the form "x happened, y happened,
therefore x caused y." Social Argumentation Styles
Argumentation can be looked at in terms of the way the interlocutors perceive each other. According
to the textbook "Perspectives

Utilitarianism In The Movie Matrix
In the movie Matrix, people live in a virtual world composed of happiness –although delusional, and
are not conscious of this fact. Their daily lives are carried on oblivious to the painful, decrepit, and
depressing conditions of reality. There exist two different sides to this predicament. In a
utilitarianist's perspective, this condition is understandable because ultimately, overall happiness is
higher compared to an otherwise situation. However, in a realist's point of view, it would seem that
anything achieved in a false world will always be false, therefore humans should achieve real things
that matter. Ever since the 17th century, utilitarianism –and many more political ideals like it, started
becoming popular, and rightfully so as the world grew unbalanced economically due to
expansionism. Utilitarianism is used precisely for achieving overall happiness in a society and does
so without regards to how it is achieved. Specifically, to achieve the greatest
Kim 2 amount of happiness to the greatest amount of people. An example of act utilitarianism would
be in a situation in which a single man is permitted to die in order to save three. Upsides to
utilitarianism is, when applied to a society, it causes them to become less selfish and understand that
everyone lives in the pursuit of happiness. Anything that may cause unhappiness is commonly
refused. Therefore, many of the problems that exist right now due to selfish causes as well as
economic imbalance will be

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