Case Study On Zubr

Case Study On Zubr
4.1. Container train "Zubr"
Container train Zubr belongs to LDz Cargo Logistika and first began the transportation in 2009 by
the agreement between several railway companies from four countries. The route includes such
countries as Estonia, Latvia, Belarus, Ukraine and Moldova. However, to be more clear, the cargo
delivery route starts from Tallinn, then goes to Riga, after that to Minsk, then to Kiev and ten to
Odessa/Ilyichevsk.
This particular routes creates a possibility to deliver cargo to or from Scandinavian countries via
Latvian ports and Tallinn ports. Additionally Zubr makes it possible for railway companies to
deliver freight to or from the Caucasian countries and Turkey via Ilyichevsk and Odessa ports.
Furthermore, the train is able to carry 20, 40 and 45 feet universal and special containers (tankers,
reefers, etc.).
"ZUBR" operators
Latvia LDz Cargo Logistika SIA
Belarus BELINTERTRANS (BTLC State Enterprise)
Estonia AS EVR Cargo
Ukraine ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the construction of this railway, new technologies and materials will be utilized. Furthermore, the
line is planned that way that it avoids Nature2000 protected areas and also the noise protection
barriers will be installed.
Safe: To make the route more safe, Rail Baltica will be built according to the most precise and
accurate safety requirements. Consequently, to control the train movement, there will be used the
newest generation of ERTMS (European railway traffic management system).
Modern: The route will be built using the most up to date materials and technologies, where some of
them are in process of elaboration. According to news of Rail Baltica, there is a plan of building
new intermodal freight terminals in each Baltic country to make the transfer of containerized cargo
between different modes of transport more efficient. (Railbaltica.org.,
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Multimodal Transport Essay
This paper will explore the multimodal transportation world. The multimodal transport turnover is
defined as the movement of goods using two or more modes of transport covered by a contract of
multimodal transport between locations. Commonly the term as a synonym for intermodal
multimodality used in terms of transport, however the intermodal transport is a model of
multimodality and is defined as the movement of goods in the same logistics unit or vehicle using
successively two or more modes of transport without handling the goods in the process of modal
interchange. Some general aspects about multimodal transportation are expedition, shipping or
remittance which is the set of goods covered by a single contract of carriage. Also, the freight that is
the price ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As part of this process of globalization, individual country economies tend to disappear. The
products that are consumed in the domestic market and the products that go to the foreign markets
are those able to compete on favorable terms without considering the place of origin. For this
reason, comparative advantages available to each country depend largely on the abundance of
certain factors of production, such as labor, natural resources and the key factor transportation.
Multimodal transportation has been a way to improve, and make easier the movements of any kind
of material all over the world. It is basically the transfer of goods from one country to another with
use of more than a means of transport (road, rail, air, sea or river) and where the cargo is never
separated. In the international multimodal transport, the commodity may change of means of
transport during the journey. Despite these changes in transport the goods must remain

Disadvantages Of Rail Transportation
This website contains information form the U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics. The types of
information that are include value of shipments, fuel consumption, and other rail related
information. This information could add more detail and provide relevant statistical data to my
paper.
Bureau of Transportation Statistics. (n.d.). freight–transportation. Retrieved October 6, 2017, from
bts.gov: https://www.bts.gov/topics/freight–transportation
This section of the book in chapter 14 outlines several aspects of rail transportation. One of the
topics disused was the high cost of upkeep and operation of rail transportation. Furthermore, it also
talks about rail's ability transport vast amounts of cargo overland. This includes both cost and
delivery time. This information may serve to be useful in describing the benefits and disadvantages
of rail transportation.
Chopra, S., Meindl, P., & Vir Kalra, D. (2016). Supply chain management: strategy, planning, and
operation (6 ed.). (pp. 443–444). Person. Retrieved October 7, 2017
This section is also from chapter 14. However, this part concerns itself with the importance of
transportation in the supply chain. This involves some examples and descriptions of the operating
and selecting transportations methods. The information in this section will provide me with added
specifics about the selection of transportation.
operation (6 ed.). (pp. 439–440). Person. Retrieved October 7, 2017
This is yet another section from chapter 14 talks about some trends regarding freight. This includes
the amount of ton–miles needed to "produce $1 of goods GDP" in 1970 as opposed to 2002
(Chopra, Meindl, & Vir Kalra, 2016, p. 441). This type of information will help my paper when
discussing the benefits and disadvantages of rail transportation.
operation (6 ed.). (pp. 441). Person. Retrieved October 7, 2017
This section from chapter 14 covers intermodal transportation. Intermodal transportation is not a
single mode of transportation but combination two or more modes of transportation. This

The Container : The Story Of A Customer Company
At Mesosphere, being Customer First is one of our core values. To us, being customer first is first
and foremost our ability to listen deeply and empathetically to our customers, to truly understand
what they need to be successful, and then work backward to help them achieve success. Throughout
this process, we relentlessly strive to create Insanely Great products for our customers. Last Quarter,
we held our inaugural customer advisory board meeting and we are proud to share a brief overview
of how far we've come together and how our customers are disrupting industries. Introduction To
start, I want to tell you a story, which can be heard in depth by listening to Containers (an 8 part
podcast) by Madrigal. This is the story of Port ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We are privileged that we get to work with leading companies in virtually every industry vertical in
transforming their industries. Every Mesosphere customer increases the value of DC/OS and we
have been truly impressed to see the diverse array of industry–defining use cases and architectures
that are being adopted by our CAB Members, their teams and the broader base of DC/OS customers.
Use Cases enabling Enterprise Transformation Above you see a small set of use cases directly
shared by our CAB members. Our CAB Members partnered with Mesosphere to run DC/OS for
many of the above use–cases, which directly enable them to disrupt their respective industries and
drive innovations at the rate of leading hyper–scale companies. When we dove–in, it came as no
surprise that the top reason why customers chose to standardize on Mesosphere DC/OS was due to
their ability to achieve business outcomes around Data Agility with SMACK stack, Operational
agility by leveraging Containers all while enabling their developers to run fast across any
infrastructure. While Microservices and Container Orchestration remains the most prevalent
customer initiative to adopt Mesosphere technologies, distributed stateful services together with
modern analytics and AI/ML frameworks is a big reason why our customers are DC/OS first.
Disruptors are embracing

Service Breadth And Reliability Of Intermodal Service
Intermodal service evolves
The full range of interdependent intermodal (IMDL) transportation and distribution services have
evolved in recent years and now offer the service breadth and reliability necessary to play an
important part in domestic and global supply chains.
Intermodal was once a slow trailers–on–rails alternative to inter–city trucking with less than
dependable transit times typically available only between limited sets of origin and destination
cities. The service was not integrated with other transportation and distribution components of the
supply chain.
Today, intermodal offers dependable, flexible and cost–effective linehaul, dray and transload options
for large and small shippers moving products through logistics networks, whether across North
America between major population centers, or as "final miles" distribution of an international
supply chain. Increasingly, Intermodal is being leveraged by shippers over relatively short distances
at a cost that's competitive with OTR (Over–The–Road) trucking service and with scheduled and
reliable transit times.
Intermodal's value proposition for shippers centers around the concept of using multiple,
coordinated and highly–managed transportation and distribution services. These services consist of
off–dock and terminal drayage, ocean container to domestic equipment transloading, rail linehaul
and destination drayage to effect efficient, cost–effective and risk–managed supply chains. The
development of

The Causes And Consequences Of The Logistics Revolution In...
An organization's strategy is the overall plan for an entire business that sets out how the
organization will use its major resources. In other words, an organization's strategy is a plan of
action aimed at reaching specific goals and remaining in good attitude with clients and vendors. On
the other hands, an establishment's structure is the way the pieces of the organization fit together
internally.
Strategy focuses on the ways to be dynamic with an organised plan to achieve a goal or benefit
within a firm/corporation.
Structure is a series of organisational techniques to relate/arrange between parts or elements of
something more complex.
℗4. Logistics revolution in a business context
Logistic revolution has evolved businesses improving the efficiency of strategy and structure,
leading to a profitability increase with firms inducing an optimisation belief with selected specialist
skills. Bonacich and Wilson
The logistics revolution and its consequences are the central points of focus to their book. They
define the logistics revolution as "a quiet change" to how "consumer goods are being produced and
delivered" (p. 3). It has a "sizeable impact on society and the way it is organized" (p. 3). The
revolution is how the "entire cycle of production and distribution is now viewed as a single
integrated unit that requires its own specialists for analysis and implementation" (p. 3). Following
arguments advanced Marxist geographers, such as David Harvey, authors maintain the

The Effects Of Containerization On The Cities And Ports Of...
Containerization and the Effects on The Cities and Ports of San Francisco and Oakland
The effects of containerization are arguably as far reaching as they are underappreciated. When
considering technologies that changed the world, it is easy to quickly think of the internet and
computers easing the speed of communication across the world. Although not as glamorous, the
advent of the steel container is at the core of today's global economy, responsible for accelerating
the transfer of goods from place to place cheaply, efficiently and effectively. Containers are the
physical means of exploiting cheap labor around the world and the cornerstone invention of the
modern worldwide supply chain. The extent to which the "container matters to the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
San Francisco primarily relied on the backbreaking manual labor of longshoremen to load and
unload ships that came through the port, a profession that had existed unchanged for hundreds of
years. Officials' beliefs that containers were a passing fad, in combination with the lack of
investment and acreage required for the new technology, allowed the Port of San Francisco, and its
longshoremen, to fade into history, just as its neighbor, the Port of Oakland emerged as a
sophisticated leading container port. The migration of the maritime industry across the bay
dramatically altered and restructured the economies of both San Francisco and Oakland. Similarly,
their waterfronts were forever transformed.
After World War II, the US economy boomed, while the maritime industry did not. The merchant
fleet had been commandeered aby the government when the United States entered the war, and did
not return to private ownership until two years after it ended, in 1947. Coastline shipping stagnated
at prewar levels, while trucking grabbed the market share of domestic transportation. A cargo ship
typically would spend as much time in port being loaded and unloaded as in transit, and was
therefore unreasonably expensive. Despite this, there was relatively little competition for larger
American ship lines since foreign lines were barred from coastal and island service. However
inefficient and costly,

Let There Be Light Lamp Shade Company Essay
According to Murphy & Wood (2011), Let There Be Light Lamp Shade Company serves an
upscale local market and is currently placing a bid for several public buildings in Asia. Total of
5,400 identical lights will be installed and delivered to the foreign port where the buyer would take
possession. Let There Be Light Lamp Shade Company has three styles of lamp shades. In order to
determine the best possible bid, the company will determine how many lamp shades can fit in the
intermodal container and the total cost of delivering for style A, B, and C lamp shades.
The interior dimensions of the intermodal container are 8 feet wide by 8.5 feet high by 40 feet long
and can hold up to 44,000 pounds per loaded container (Murphy & Wood, ... Show more
The cost of ocean freight rates is $2,970. Adding the figures together brings the total costs of
delivering for style A shades to the port of importation to $31,366.80. Style B lamp shades cost $5
per lamp shade for a total cost of $27,000. The packaging of the style B lamp shade is $1,800 ($2 x
900). It will take two loads to the Port of Oakland for a total of $2,000. Insurance for style B lamp
shade will cost $616 because the total cost thus far is $30,800 time 2% of the value of the shipment.
The ocean freight rate cost is $1,960; for a total cost of delivering of $33,376. For style C lamp
shades, the cost per shade for manufacturing is $6 for a total of $32,400 and the total packaging cost
is $1,620. Again, two loads will be needed to deliver to the Port of Oakland for a total of $2,000.
The insurance for style C lamps shades is $720 ($36,020 x .02). The ocean freight rate cost is
$1,238. The total cost of deliver the style C shades to the port of importation is $37,978. Thus, style
A lamp shades would be preferred because it the least expensive out of all three styles.
In conclusion, Let There Be Light Lamp Shade Company will be placing a bid for large public
buildings in Asia. After analyzing how many lamps shades can be loaded into the intermodal
container and the total cost of delivering, the company will be placing a bid with style A lamp
shades.
References
Murphy, P. R., & Wood, D. F. (2011).

Cons Of Rail Transport
II. Pros and cons of using Rail/risks and benefits of using Rail There are several pros and cons to
any mode of transportation. These pros and cons include cost, efficiency, and responsiveness. The
goal is to find the most appropriate mode of transportation for the type, amount, and destination of
cargo. There will be different needs for every product, origin, destination, and organization. First on
the list is cost. Cost of transportation is one of the major considerations involved in a successful
supply chain. Fortunately, in this department rail is one of the best performers. Rail is known for
being a relatively inexpensive mode of transporting large amounts of overland cargo. In fact, "The
price structure and heavy load capability ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the other hand, if the organization were able to ship their goods by truck, then they would have
the option of either operating an in–house fleet or outsourcing their transportation needs. When
comparing rail to tucking it is important to keep some things in mind. In the early days, the choice
of rail vs truck was easy because by the time that transportation by tuck came about rail
transportation had been around for a long time. In addition, "the adoption of motor cars also proved
to be more gradual than that of passenger trains, the result of primitive technologies, high costs, and
poor roads" (GRANT, 2012, p. 248). This further added to the dominance of rail. In defense of
trucking it can hall large amounts of cargo over long distances. In addition, it can do so with a
reasonably high degree of responsiveness. However, the amount of cargo that rail can hall is
considerably larger than that of trucking. The responsiveness of trucking also comes at a higher cost
then rail. Trucking is more suited to haling more expensive goods that require higher
responsiveness. However, in other parts of the world where the rail infrastructure is more developed
or more suitable for transporting cargo this may not be an option. Perhaps the best use of both rail
and truck is in combination through intermodal transportation. This method makes use of one or
more transportation methods in order to achieve to achieve the best mix of

Trying to Understand Bundling
Bundling: Bundling is a term that refers to the process of transportation of goods belonging to
various flows in a common vehicle intermodal unit such as truck, train or barge or other segments
during part of their journey. As a result, this process is a major business of the transportation sector
given that operators occasionally examine their service networks and change their bundling
operations. The adjustments made in bundling operations are usually a reaction to changing cost
structures, situations, and competition with regards to the requirements of demand and performance.
During the adjustments, the operators basically change the bundling type, extent of network
concentration, frequency of service, vehicle load, and utilized physical means (Kreutzberger, 2010,
p.160). Generally, the major factors for adjustments are changes in flow directions and sizes and the
operator's share in the market. According to market players in the maritime transport, inland
logistics are one of the most significant segments still enhancing economic signals in order to add
value and enhance profitability. Bundling is regarded as one of the most probable solutions on ways
to enhance the intermodal transport and could also improve competitiveness. As a result, the concept
or process enables resolving suitable intermodal conditions since it can be utilized in situations
where container flows are not economically adequate to meet the needs of a direct service. Bundling
process is

Basic Mode of Transport
INTRODUCTION
Each business has its own particular transport needs. These depend on the nature of the business and
the type of products or services it buys and sells.
This guide will help you decide on the most appropriate transportation for your business needs and
assess the tax implications and costs to your business.
It also tells you what licenses, insurance and training you or your staff will need to operate business
vehicles.
ROLE OF TRANSPORT:
Transportation is the physical thread connecting the firms geographical dispersed area. It helps in
transfer of materials from suppliers to the firm and finished goods to be transferred from the firm to
the market. It serves as link that facilities of the firm.it also suprts the products of ... Show more
The large number of carriers is due in part to the low capital that entering the trucking business
requires. High variable cost and low fixed cost characterized the cost structure. The motor carrier
does not require extensive terminal and equipment investment and does not invest in its own
highway, and the carrier pays for highway use through fees such as use of taxes licencing charges.
These variable expenses contribute to the high variety cost structure.
Motors carriers are classified in manner as truckload and less than truck load. Less than truck load
carrier accept small packages of shipment where truckload carrier accepts shipment of full truckload
size.
ADVANTAGES OF ROADWAYS
1.road transportation offers advantages of speed, door–to–door flexibility and widespread
geographic coverage.
2. the major advantage of motor transport over the modes is its inherent ability to provide service to
any location.
3. the large number of motor carriers suggest a high availability. For example,many more motor
carriers than railroad facilities are available in an area.
4. motor carriers do not need to consolidate wagons together or decouple wagons at various
locations on the route as it in railway transport it speeds up the transportation.
5. motor carriers used in road transportation have lower fixed capital costs as compared to other
modes of transportation.
6. due to the lower entry costs of capital, this mode of transportation is characterized by

8 Second Decision, By HJ Bellus
8 Second Decision is a another short read from Author HJ Bellus. Merek Slatter is a manwhoe hot
shot rodeo cowboy, who is addicted on chasing his gold buckle and making money for his family
ranch. He never stayed in town long enough to be an active cowboy with his brothers, but his
brothers forced him into staying for a few months break to be part of the ranch. It didn't take him
long to set his eyes on new girl Challis, who is feisty and strong woman. Her green eyes called on to
him and he couldn't help but want her. Challis fought him in everyway she could, but she couldn't
help the pull that Merek had on her. Two messed up people falling for each other, what can go
wrong? This was a fun and refreshing read, especially after watching the

The Transportation Industry Does Not Have A Great Impact...
Transportation is an important sector that drives economic activities within and outside the state.
Although transportation as a sector does not bring in significant revenues to the economy of
Arizona, it does assist the smooth operation of other industries such as manufacturing, tourism,
agriculture and mining. Without roads, rail, and airports, it would be difficult to move goods and
services from one part of Arizona to another. Arizona's transportation industry does not have a great
impact on its economy because the state is largely used as a transit hub. More than half of the freight
that comes into Arizona originated from outside, rests for some few days and moved to their
destinations in other states. This means that the Arizona state government can only gain relatively
small revenues from the freight may be in the form of storage charges, repackaging, and
accommodation for truck drivers. The remaining 50% of freight is intra–state implying that no
money is brought in from outside Arizona. Transportation sector acts as a vital factor in attracting
investors because modern businesses critically examine the transport infrastructure before deciding
whether to relocate or not. For instance, manufacturing companies depend on well–established road
and rail network to move large volumes of bulk freight. Some also rely on the trucking to move
containerized freight on highways with low congestion levels.
Question 2
Arizona depends on the international trade for economic

Transportation Systems And The Transportation System
The United States transportation system encompass numerous "interconnected modes of
transportation, including aviation, freight and passenger rail, highway, public transit, and pipelines
and moves billions of passengers and millions of tons of goods every annually" (Government
Accountability Office, 2014). The Transportation Systems Sector consists of seven key subsectors,
or modes: Aviation, Highway Infrastructure and Motor Carrier, Maritime Transportation System,
Mass Transit and Passenger Rail, Pipeline Systems, Freight Rail, and Postal and Shipping
(Department of Homeland Security, n. d). This transportation system is critical for the growth and
prosperity of societies, to the nation's supply chain, and as such is an important national security
asset (Obama, 2012). Good transportation network will help to improve Americans' cost of living
through expansion of business opportunities, keeping jobs here in the United States, making prices
of goods and services cheaper for the American families (The National Economic Council and the
President's Council of Economic Advisers, 2014). Surface transportation consists of the highways,
transit systems, railways, and waterways that comprise the intermodal transportation network in the
United States (American Association of Port Authorities, n. d).
According to the Department of Homeland Security (2010) "Freight Rail consists of seven major
carriers, hundreds of smaller railroads, over 140,000 miles of active railroad, over 1.3

Union Pacific Case Study for Strategic Alternatives Essay...
Union Pacific: A Case Study for Strategic Alternatives PART 1: INTRODUCTION Union Pacific
Railroad Company (UNP) is one of the four major railroad companies that transports a variety of
goods across North America and is an American staple of industriousness and endurance. Union
Pacific with its workforce of 43,000 highly trained people has been in operation since 1862, and its
span of operation stretches from Western to Southern United States and internationally into Western
Canada and Northern Mexico. The American Association of Railroads has classified Union Pacific
as part of the Class I Railroad Group, which consists of seven other railroad companies but Union
Pacific is by far the standout ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One reason is the high capital investment for the development of railroad infrastructures and
technologies. Consider this, "between 1980 and 2009 Class I railroads spent $460 billion on
infrastructure, equipment maintenance, and upgrades" (Hitt et al. 2011, p. 387). In addition, new
rails and routes must be coordinated and integrated into a complex and congested system that is
owned and operated by well–established companies. Although there is a clear and formidable barrier
into the industry, railroads are not without competition. In addition to the fierce rivalry with the
railroad companies within its strategic group, UNP must also compete with the trucking industry.
Union Pacific and the rail industry saw a surge in business in 2007 compared to other modes of
transportation due to the rising cost of fuel (diesel, jet, and gasoline) and an increase in
environmental awareness. This rise and fall of fuel prices have presented both opportunities and
challenges for UNP. The trucking industry poses a legitimate threat to the rail industry in terms of
freight transportation because of accessibility and logistical versatility. The free–wheeling trucking
industry is not subjected to the heavy regulations that the rail industry must face. Trucks are not
restricted by complicated rail networks and benefit from the use of roads and highways that are
federally and state funded. Whereas UNP and other rail companies must subsidize

Existing Canals in the World: The Panama Canal and The...
Introduction
Canals are human–made and completely subject to the sovereignty of the state in which they are
located. Canals are internal waters that have no right of innocent passage through canals. Typically,
there are only two canals in the world – Panama Canal and Suez Canal. Panama Canal opened on 15
August 1914 with a total length of 80.5km (50 miles). Panama Canal is the integral link for shipping
traffic from the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean in North U.S. (refer Fig. 1). Panama Canal consist a
system of locks to raise or lower the ships to a new level. When a ships goes through one of the
gates the water level decreases or increases depending on the level of the next lock. When the water
level is the same as the next lock then the gate opens (Mitchell, 2011) (refer Fig 2). This
combination successfully reduced the journey between east and west of US by 13,000 km (refer Fig
3) (Rodrigue et al., 2014). Thus, it is the main route from Europe to West of US and Pacific Ocean,
accommodating an estimated 5% of the world's total cargo volume (U.S. Department of
Transportation and Maritime Administration, 2013). There are about 1,200 ships passed through the
canal every day and more than 14,000 ships transit the canal, 70% of the containerized freight is
inbound or outbound from the U.S. East Coast annually (Knight, 2008).
Intermodal transportation deﬁned as the transportation of a person/load from its origin to its
destination by a sequence of at least two transportation

The New U.s. Shipping Act Of 1984
The new U.S. Shipping Act, signed into law by President Reagan on March 10, 1984. The Shipping
Act of 1984 altered and replaced what was in the previous Shipping Act of 1916. Some of the things
which the Shipping Act of 1984 were different were that markets, industry, microeconomics, law,
and regulations were all different since the Act of 1916. The Shipping Act of 1916 made all
conference agreements subject to approval by the Federal Maritime Commission, or FMC for short.
On August 3, 1981, Senator Gorton introduced a bill (S. 1593) to revise U.S. regulation of
international liner shipping. This bill was the forerunner of the current Shipping Act of 1984. Where
the Shipping Act of 1916 left unclear as to whether the FMC had ultimate ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Although U.S. law has acknowledged the constructive role of conferences in the liner trades since
the Shipping Act of 1916, the American commitment to free trade and competition has led Congress
to disallow many features of international conferences. Most importantly, the Shipping Act of 1916
required shipping conferences transporting the foreign commerce of the United States to offer
membership to any liner carrier capable of engaging in such service. U.S. conferences are therefore
termed "open conferences". A conference agreement had to meet a strict antitrust standard in order
to be approved. Deferred rebates were illegal and the freedom of carriers to tie.
S. 1593 provided for the following:
(1) Legalization of closed conferences.
(2) A broad scope of conference activities to enable carriers to discuss and fix prices and conditions
of service, pool earnings and traffic, allot ports, regulate sailings, limit the volume and character of
cargo carried, engage in exclusive working arrangements, enter into agreements to regulate and
prevent competition among themselves, and bring intermodal cargo transportation under the ambit
of permissible conference agreements.
(3) Use of loyalty contracts, except deferred rebates.
(4) Absolute antitrust immunity for ocean common carriers engaging in any activities described in
(1), (2), or (3), above.
(5) A limited right

A Report On The Plane Detectors
The airplane was equipped with a smoke and fire detection and warning system to provide flight
crews with a visual indication in the cockpit of smoke or fire in the cargo compartments. The
airplane had a total of 26 smoke detectors. The main cargo compartment had 7 smoke detectors
installed, and in the 4 lower cargo compartments were 19 smoke detectors installed. During the
preflight checks the flight crew tested the operation of the smoke detectors by enabling their test
function from the cockpit. The flight engineer reported that no problems were encountered during
the functional check of the smoke detectors before the flight. The main cargo compartment smoke
detector system consists of detectors located in the compartment ceiling that were designed to
provide a smoke indication whenever the smoke around a detector reached a certain density. Five of
the seven smoke detectors were mounted on the left side of the ceiling at locations corresponding to
cargo containers 2, 5, 8, 11/12, and 14. The other two detectors were mounted next to each other
near the ceiling centerline at locations corresponding to cargo containers 17 and 18. The smoke
detector switch, which is located on the flight engineer's upper panel, provides a means for testing
the smoke detectors and the system wiring. The smoke detector switch has the following labeled
positions: OFF, NOR [normal], and 1 through 7. However, the system is not able to identify the
specific sensor(s) detecting smoke in

Multi Echelon Inventory Control With Integrated Shipment...
In today's market, every company is looking for ways to cut cost and improve upon the movement
of goods from origin to final destination. Companies can achieve this with the intermodal
transportation design. Intermodal transportation eliminates the need for the company's movement
experts to locate multiple carriers in order to move their goods from warehouses to stores or even
home deliveries. By eliminating the multiple transactions with different transportation modes, the
companies can quickly cut costs. Numerous companies and retailers are now asking to have
research completed for their stores in order to see if the benefits of intermodal transportation were
truly there. More often than not, the use of intermodal transportation has been a huge success and
companies have transferred to using these methods. When it comes to needs of transportation, the
companies need first look at their inventory management and see what the best fit for their
transportation needs is. This paper is a review of Multi–echelon Inventory Control with Integrated
Shipment Decisions by Olof Stenius. In a three–part study conducted at the division of Production
Management in the Department of Industrial Management and Logistics, at Lund University, the
researchers put together three scenarios on how inventory management helped guide decision
making on the use of intermodal transportation versus single mode transportation. The studies, titled
Sustainable Multi–echelon Inventory Control with

A Brief Note On The Railroad, Trucking And Air Industry
Throughout the development of the United States and its economy, transportation has been the
catalyst as well as sometimes the prohibitor of growth from industry to industry and region to
region. As supply chains have become more globalized, so has the need for a more efficient and
accessible transportation infrastructure within the country to allow greater access to newer markets
overseas. By having such a crucial role in U.S commerce over the years, there has been fluctuations
in the amount of regulation drawn up by the government and enforced by federal agencies and the
courts. In this case, the railroad, trucking and air industry's have reflected the national trends of
regulation and deregulation movements over the last 15 years. Soon after the first transcontinental
railroads were federally subsidized and created in the 1860s, concerns arose over cases of predatory
practices being carried out by certain rail companies. This was made possible in part by the
monopolization taking place within the industry. Jay Gould, a wealthy man at the time who was a
leading developer and speculator of railroads, possessed much control over rail activity. Such
control created challenges for local economies of particular cities like St. Louis. For example, in
1881, Gould controlled Eads Bridge, the main bridge crossing the Mississippi River from Illinois
into the city of St. Louis. Gould charged high tariffs which caused rail companies to re–reroute up
through Chicago, ultimately

Harley Davidson Case Study
Trident University
Beverley Lionel
Module 3 SLP Optimizing Inventory/Transportation
LOG 501: Managing the Supply Chain Dr. Michael Allison
18 June 2017
Background
Harley Davidson is the iconic American motorcycle manufacturer. It was founded out of a small
shed in 1903 by William S. Harley, Arthur and Walter Davidson in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
(Motorcycle usa.com). Due to modernization the Motorcycle has change in style, shape and power.
As mentioned previously all materials that were used to manufacture this iconic American
Motorcycle were readily available because they first made bicycles and the parts were locally
manufactured. Over the years the popularity of the motorcycle increased, which made the demand
for raw materials for this product to increase as well in other to sustain the demand.
The raw material used to make the Harley Davidson motorcycles were imported from countries all
over the world to wholesalers who then supplied Harley Davidson. Since these raw materials were
needed (rubber, metal and leather) they were imported from various countries and different modes
of transportation were used for delivery. In other for those products to get to the Harley Davidson
production plant different modes of transportation were used. We will identify in the EESC where
each of the four modes of transportation are used: rail, inland water, ocean, and Over the Road and
also discuss why this mode is used and the costs.
Rail
According to Bellis, (2017)

Container Moving Freight : The Technology And Imaginative...
Intermodal Containers Moving Freight
The advancement in technology and imaginative techniques, the procedures and systems of how
cargo is moved and handled is streamlined. Prior to containerization, moving freight from one
location to another across the globe was a tedious practice and often took an extended amount of
time. Manufacturers would use various configurations with dissimilar sizes and weights which led
to additional time at each location being required to handle the different sized cargo. The use of
intermodal containers has changed the shipping industry allowing for multiple modes of
transportation to rapidly cross load the containers and mover the containers to the next destination.
Implementing the use intermodal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There were significant delays in cross loading cargo onto the ship, workers would have to stack like
packages, construct shipping pallets, and block and brace items in the hulls of the ships as well as
the decks. When a piece of cargo was too large or heavy it would require additional material
handling equipment to move the freight to the next transportation mode being either rail or road. At
the receiving port there was also a time delay due to the need to offload the cargo by individual
piece and separate in on the dock. Road and rail transportation were very effective, but encountered
similar delays and issues depending on the size and weight of the cargo. This resulted in a call for
change in the way freight is transported among all modes of transport. The Department of
Transportation Federal Highway Administration identified the need to implement change which is
topic in the Intermodal Surface Transportation Act of 1991 (ISTEA). Outlining what intermodal
transportation is "utilizing two or more 'suitable' modes, in combination, to form an integrated
transport chain aimed at achieving operationally efficient and cost effective delivery of goods in an
environmentally sustainable manner from their

Swot Analysis Bristol Port
SWOT Analysis STRENGTHS 1. Private Limited Company – more freedom in investment, always
been profitable 2. Britain's most centrally located deep sea port – most economical location, closest
to UK container markets 3. Heritage / history as dominant in Bristol City centre 4. Both docks have
good access to main motorway and railway 5. Strong motor vehicles sector (import and export) (p.
8) 6. Critical point for entry of a quarter of UK aviation fuel 7. Cost–effective, efficient and
sustainable service lead of marketing mix (p.11) 8. Diversity of services (shipping, distribution and
logistics) and products offered in different sectors (containers, motor vehicles, bulk energy products,
animal feed and grains, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
15th port in UK: they should increase their total tonnage 7x to reach Grimsy and Immingham (1st),
and by about 6x to equal London (2nd) and Milford Haven (3rd) [table 1] 5. Not significant on lists
of largest liquid and dry bulk (relevant in the past and at the moment) 6. Loss of customer (coal) –
forced changed in portfolio 7. Delay in container port has weakened BP competitive position 8.
Need more investment to grow and increase competitiveness OPPORTUNITIES 1. Trend toward
containerisation (p. 6), already a strong sector for them 2. Containerisation accounts for the majority
of goods most freely exchanges across the world – busiest ports are container ports, trend to
continue in the future 3. Imbalance between established location of UK ports and the distribution of
high container destinations (p. 11) 4. Environmental issues gaining importance – need to improve
energy consumption, reduce freight carbon emission levels and increase the use of sustainable
modes of transport (p. 11) 5. New Deep Sea Container – only one with direct motorway and railway
links in UK 6. Motor vehicle export growing in the UK – UK proved to be a popular location within
the EU for other global manufactures to local major plants (p. 8) 7. Growth of imports in the UK 8.
Decline in liquid bulk traffic, not important for Bristol but a hit for its competitors 9. Growth of
developing economies – Manufactures goods produced

History Of Intermodal Containers And The World Trade Commerce
History of Intermodal Containers For a very long time people have been trading goods with each
other within their city, out of their city, and even across borders and oceans. As technology has
advanced, so has different modes of transportation to make it easier for people to get their products
that they need while shipping out products to other people. The world that we live in is a great big
place and in order for us humans to survive and grow we need ways to reach out to other people and
communicate the things that we need to do that. What I 'm going to be talking about is the history of
intermodal containers and how they play a big role in the world trade commerce. It all started with a
man that goes by Malcolm McLean who was born in 1913 in Maxton, North Carolina. Malcolm
started out by pumping gas at a local gas station to where he saved up enough money to buy him a
truck. From there he created McLean Trucking company, involving his own family members and as
Malcolm as one of the drivers they hauled empty tobacco barrels as their first cargo. Since his only
pick–up truck in 1934 to 1770 trucks and 32 terminals in 1956, McLean Trucking became the
second largest trucking company in the United States, and the first trucking company to appear on
the stock exchange. Though all of his success early on, Malcolm sold his interest in his company
and wanted to try something different. The idea of transporting trucks on ships during World War II
was around but Malcolm

The Box
Summary – "The Box", by Marc Levinson. Princeton 2006
Marc Levinson brings together in his book "The Box", How The Shipping Container Made The
World Smaller And the World Economy Bigger, a history in unitised freight handling in its
birthplace, and shares with us an education in obsession, innovation, and invention. He describes
through his main character, Malcom McLean, how to do business by integrating shipper, transporter,
and customer in controlled logistics/ in a smooth supply chain. Further, the reader is given a lesson
in investor relations whether they be public or private sector.
Despite regulated land transport, and unregulated freight handling on the docks, the result is the
same: inertia in the evolution of both road and rail, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"To run a high frequency service between major ports on a regular schedule" (pp.222) becomes the
mantra for operating containerised sea–freight. Although many countries Government subsidise the
investment of shipbuilding, or lend funds at very low rates of interest, and extend payment terms,
ship owners need to supply themselves with containers, and chassis, to provide an integrated service
to their customers. The sudden explosion of containers, containerships, enormous slot capacity
between 1970–73 sees the coming of age of this new industry. More than ever, containers oblige
their operators to constantly monitor costs, and the minimum requirement is to cover operating costs
to keep the ships sailing.
Operating a profitable freight handling business requires "ship lines ... to build bigger ships and
faster cranes to reduce the cost of handling each container ... [to] have the best chance of survival"
(pp227). Before the end of the 1970´s, however, the reality of operating containers is that it is "a
capital intensive, cyclical transportation" (pp.230) business. The bitter pill is that "they would
always be hostage to external forces, their prices and profit margins depending mainly on economic
growth and on the competitors´ decisions to build new ships"(pp.230). "The revolutionary impact of
containerisation, the biggest advance in freight movement for generations, has largely worked itself
out" (pp.230 – The Financial Times

The Intermodal Shipping Container is a large steel box...
The Intermodal Shipping Container is a large steel box that was created to transport goods by train,
truck, or ship for around the last 50 years. The pioneer of this revolutionizing box goes is a man by
the name of Malcom McLean who began his transportation interest with his trucking company
(McLean Trucking) that he built into one of the nation's largest. From there, he developed the steel
container in 1956, which replaced the previous loading and unloading method known as the "Break
Bulk Method." The Break Bulk Method was a much less efficient method where all goods are
loaded individually using bags, boxes, drums, crates, or barrels instead of unified large containers.
This method definitely being much more time consuming and risky ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Containers at half height are used to carry heavy, low volume products in order to not waste extra
air space in containers. Last but not least, the car carrier containers are made specifically to transport
different types of vehicles safely and efficiently. With many of these containers having distinct
differences, they all serve the same general purpose for transportation.
Container ships have completely redefined efficiency in terms of shipping quantity, speed, and
safety. Before the mainstream introduction of container ships in the 1950's, shipping by sea was
slow, not standardized, and very inefficient. Loading and unloading cargo required many long and
strenuous man–hours, and was generally not safe. After World War II, the concept of standardized
boxes for shipping was starting to grow, and on April 20, 1956 the SS Maxton shipped 58 truck–
trailer vans from New York to Houston. Their chassis were not connected, and the boxes were
loaded and unloaded from the ship by gantry crane–one of the most important pieces of machinery
in intermodal containerization. This is not the first example of containerization, but indeed the first
successful use of an intermodal structure. Almost immediately after, more cargo ships underwent
modifications for these shipping containers. (Board)
Businesses instantly realized the benefits, ports and ships were quickly modified for intermodal
container support. However, they were not immediately as standardized as was necessary

Case Study Of APL Lanka Private Limited
1. Introduction
1.1 Introduction to the case study
APL Lanka Private Limited is a Shipping agency company whose principal is based on Singapore.
Company will provide all the shipping agency services on behalf of its principal to the desired
customers. In this report it will discuss about the failure of the container deposit refund system
project which was initiated in year 2010 by the company from an Actor Network Perspective. In
order to present the case in an organized and more understandable manner I have adopt and used the
Demise of the Thai Smart ID card case study as a guideline report.
This report will be structured as follows. First it will provide some literature on theoretical
background of Actor Network Theory, brief discussion about the Container deposit refund process
of APL Lanka Private limited before the implementation of the project, discussion about the
container deposit refund system project idea and project objectives and the failure of the project, the
method of data collection, analysis of the failure through Actor Network Perspective and finally the
conclusion.
1.2 Literature review on Actor Network Theory
What is ANT
ANT fills a big gap ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Other main actors include the Managing Director, Finance Department, Operations Department,
Software programming company, and the customers as the users of the refund system. These actors
had different goals and interests, various kinds of resources and challenges, along with different
tasks which are showing in the below table for the understanding of the case. By this case it could
identify the failures which occurred throughout the project designing and implementation process,
as well as the involvement of the various actors to the implementation of the

Questions and Answers on the Carrier Industry Essay
1. What are the various factors used in classifying commodities for tariff purposes? The National
Motor Freight Classification (NMFC), as determined by the Surface Transportation Board (STB), is
the tariff system that has classification and description of commodities based on four main
characteristics. These are density of the commodity, liability, handling and storability of the
commodity. Carrier companies negotiate the rate and terms of transporting the commodities on the
basis of these four characteristics. It is important to mention that product density is the dominant
factor that determines use of carrier's vehicle and cost per hundredweight. Higher product density
results in lower cost per hundredweight but higher capability of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
During 1980, the TL motor carriers fared quite well. These companies include J.B. Hunt, MS
Carriers and Werner. There was 30% to 40% annual increment in their revenues during 1980s. For
instance, J.B Hunt's revenues at the start of 1980 was around $25 million but increased to $732
million starting 1991. MS Carriers increased from $35 million in 1980 to $152 million in 1991.
During 1980s, TL segment of the motor–carrier industry rapidly outgrew other segments such as
LTL, rail boxcars, and long–haul private fleets. 3. Railroads have abandoned a significant number of
miles of track (over 260,000 miles) since 1916. Why has this trend developed? Will it continue into
the future? Why or why not? The major reason of railroads abandoning significant number of miles
of track (over 260,000) has been the rapid inter–model transportation competition. Since the gradual
deregulation of railroad industry, the two major industry segments in motor carrier transportation
have been truck load (TL) and less–than truck load (LTL) industries. TL and LTL industry segments
have rapidly developed after the US government reregulated the transportation industry. There has
been an increasing competition of rail boxcars with trucking industry. The improvement of water
ways carried out by the engineering corps of the U.S army has also led to increased competition
between inter–modal transportation carriers. The trend is

Essay about Railroad Deregulation in Eu and Us
Railroad Deregulation in Europe and United States Assignment: By Charmaine Silva TLMT352
Distribution Systems Dr. Carmen K. Mousel, PhD Railroad Deregulation ins EU and US Railways
were the leading innovation in the early 19th century, and economic long cycle research (Ayres
1990) has argued it to have sullen the economic wealth in that time (industrialization, and especially
steam power, iron and cotton textiles were the enabling factoring in the first approx. 55 year long
wave). After the beginning of the 20th century the most relevant innovations, including diesel and
electricity trains were invented, and finally put into mass production. Railways in the whole world
framework are under great change due to privatization and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
(Slack) The railroads right away walked away from unprofitable passenger business, and
concentrated on freight as their core business activity; this side of the business was the most
profitable and there was not too much competition. Rail traffic started growing by flows of coal,
grain, and ores, indeed 43% of all traffic was accounted for by coal shipments in 2003. Larger
capacity cars were brought into service. Although general freight produced higher revenues per ton
it was more subject to competition, and therefore received less attention. (Slack) Due to the high
fixed cost of operating and maintaining a railroad, and considering that companies had to build and
maintain their own tracks there were certain routes that were not profitable. Before1980, economic
regulation prevented railroads from any flexibility in pricing needed to meet both intra as well as
intermodal competition. Regulation also prohibited carriers from restructuring their systems,
including abandoning redundant and light density lines, a necessity for controlling cost. Added to
these problems was the industry's inability to cover inflation due to the regulatory time lag in rate
adjustments. As a consequence, nine carriers were bankrupt, the industry had low return on
investment and unable to raise capital, and faced a steady decline in market share. Therefore, in the
post–Staggers Act environment, the railroads began abandoning portions

Logistics Strategy And Components Of Japan And China
Nowadays, logistics companies are becoming significantly vital in our world and it has a major role
within the economy. However, any logistics company should set logistics strategies in order to
achieve their goals and there are many logistics and supply chain strategies that companies can
make.
Therefore, this report will firstly define the logistics strategy and then explain how the car making
components comes into the United Kingdom from Far East particularly Japan and China.
Consequently, will demonstrate what modes of transport used in order to bring car making
components such as, body parts, steering and chassis parts, interior furnishing and wheels and tyres.
Then, it will determine the best transport modes which is cost effective and time efficient.
Eventually, will analyse the advantages and disadvantages of using each modes of transport and
illustrate storages and warehouses for these products.
2 Logistics strategy and components from Japan and China.
Generally, logistics strategy has three different goals such as, cost reduction, capital reduction and
service improvement. Firstly, the cost reduction is strategy which is minimising the variable costs
associated with storage and movement and the great strategy is formulated by estimating different
courses of action, such as, choosing between different warehouse locations or selecting between
different modes of transport. However, the main goal is still to achieve maximum profit. Secondly,
capital reduction

Containerisation
What is containerization and how did the innovative use of containers transform the distribution of
goods? "Containerisation is a method of distributing merchandise in a unitised form suitable for
transportation by rail, road, air, canal and sea." (Branch, 1996, p.194). The simple principle of the
container has undoubtedly made the global economy grow, and brought the world closer together
through ease of transportation (Wetherly & Otter, 2008, p.86–7). To be able to use one single sized
unit for the transportation of goods was the ultimate solution to transporting cargo, which was
becoming larger part of global trade, and helped put shipping into the modern age. In 1956,
Malcolm McLean used an innovative idea to transport 58 trailer ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This reduces the need for warehouse space, decreases the risk of obsolescence and improves stock
control (Hann, 2010). Faster transportation has transformed the distribution of goods in allowing a
greater selection of cargo to travel further than it was previously capable of. So what about the
costs? "The container made shipping cheap" (Levinson, 2006, p.10). Just after McLean's idea, it was
thought that the costs of shipping were 11 percent of the value of United States exports, and could
be as high as twenty–five percent. By contrast, shipping costs in comparison to product price have
fallen sharply. (Asteris, 2009). It is not just the use of containers and ships that is responsible for the
transportation costs, the larger normal routes, the increasing competition between the major
container ship operators, such as Maesrk and Evergreen, the investment in modernising crane
handling equipment and the logistics, have all had an impact. Before containerisation, businesses
thought of distribution as a series of processes, ships, trucks and trains. Somebody had to move
every box and pallet, and could easily consume half the cost of shipping. Levinson (2006) described
this as "breaking bulk". With goods waiting in warehouses ready to be moved onto the next stage,
transferring and delays made shipments slow and the delivery times erratic. The introduction of
containers meant that for the first time, cargo could be locked away when in storage. Whiskey was

Income Tax : Tax And Tax Essay
Income tax Liability method is used to executive the income tax process for a transportation
company. The deferred tax assets and liabilities are being accomplished for upcoming tax
consequences. It is attributed to distinct financial statement carrying values of current assets and
liabilities and respective tax basis as well as operating loss as well tax credit could be carried
forward. The temporary differences or expected to be settled or recovered by using enacted tax rates
and being measured in deferred tax assets and liabilities to comply taxable income in the years. The
changes on deferred tax assets and liabilities were effected in tax rates, which would be
accomplished as income, or expense includes enactment date at the time of period. Valuation
allowances for deferred tax assets are recorded to the extent which these assets not be realized by
reversal of current taxable of difference or forecasted taxable income or tax planning strategy. In the
console interest and penalties of uncertain tax, positions are derived as interest expense upon audit
and record a liability for unrecognized tax benefits are considered to be unsustainable when the
benefits of tax positions obtained on tax returns. IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF
EXISTING ORGANIZATION STRATEGY: Business development: Hunt followed Paul Bergant
and bought 24 trucks and Interstate Commerce Commission license covering 33 states to expand his
business. Later, Bergant has become the chief legal counsel and the

Explain The Panama Canal Modernization
Introduction:
In this assignment I will first explain the Panama Canal modernization and then I will discuss about
the industry experts/forecasters prediction about its impact on east and west coast of U.S. followed
by the detailed analysis to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction. Furthermore, based on the
analysis, I will present my opinion for rejecting or agreeing with the forecaster's prediction of the
panama canal's positive impact on intermodal traffic market share of east coast ports and west coast
ports, western railroad of U.S.
Overview:
The Panama Canal expansion is one of the biggest developments in maritime trade in last few
decades. When the canal first opened in 1914, it reduced 8,500 miles and several weeks of transit ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ports to gulf or east coast U.S. ports as a result of Panama Canal expansion.
Most businesses in the area numbered as 5, currently rely on West Coast ports to receive goods
namely Los Angeles–Long Beach, Oakland, Seattle, and Vancouver. After the Panama Canal
expansion, shipping through the East Coast will be especially attractive to businesses that are more
price–sensitive and less time–sensitive.
Therefore, for companies in the 5th region, it will become cheaper to handle goods through East
Coast ports, although doing so will add a few weeks to the total transit time but a justification for
this potential switch will highly depend on a company's time preferences, price sensitivity, and costs
of working capital.
Thus, there is a prediction from forecasters that, that West Coast ports and western railroads would
see a significant drop in intermodal traffic market share. Eastern and Southern ports and railroads,
on the other hand, would see a corresponding increase.
Analysis to find out accuracy of the prediction:
So, after 18 months, is the prediction

The role of government in fostering intermodal transport...
The role of government in fostering intermodal transport innovation: Freight transportation systems
are very important all over the world and are considered to be very significant to the world for
regional and local economies (Konings & H. Nijkamp, 2008). The author has explained that using
1994 gross national product numbers freight transportation made 6.3 per cent of total expenditure
(Knoning & H. Nijkamp, 2008). Freight transportation represents a percentage of total expenditures
38.52 per cent of the total. Here in the United States freight transportation system has become very
important of global network, which has increase capacity and demand for the needs of customers
that are placed on freight services. There have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The twentieth century, research efforts by the government and universities and private industries has
grown and so have diversity (page, 305). The major agency that identifies and sponsor or conduct
freight transportation research in the United States that highlights their influence role. (1) National
Science Foundation (NSF)–and expanding the partnership with USDOT, based on successful model
of public–private research partnership in the semiconductor industry. (2) Federal Highway
Administration (FHWA) largest best funded of USDOT, responsible for managing the Federal Aid
Highway program. (3) Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) conducts research in the area of
safety. Bur of Transportation Statistics (BTS) is the America's primary repository of data on all
aspects of mobility, and in cooperation with the US Census Bureau, BTS is conducts a Commodity
Flow Survey (CFS) every five years. The Department of Transportation (DOT) supports and
participates in applied transportation research aimed at for improving maintenance or enhancing
their operations and funds freight research projects that is through local universities and the
federally sponsored University Transportation Centers (UTCs), which are projects that focus on
either specific operational issues or freight

Business Model That Presents ( Operation Process...
1. Introduction
Any Leadership knows that it's not only what products or services you provide what make
customers engaged or loyal. Bad operation practice affects commercial result in a negative way and
will leave customer with a bad experience about that specific company in general not only the
operation department of that company.
But, can the same operation become the reason of the success of the business and the source of extra
Sales and revenues? What is the possibility of generating more revenue and more sales by only
optimizing operation as one of the primary activities of the value chain?
This Document will discuss a business model that presents (Operation process optimization) as
value proposition that will deliver the concept ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Import stripping area is the Area inside the terminal that the customs inspection activities take place
and then the importer has option to strip the container inside this area or take it outside the port to
his premises. This Area and the activities happening inside it has become the source of empty
containers for export because this empty containers go to Shipping Line Container Yard where the
line receive container to decide what to do with it.
Low and poor performance in the Import stripping area will negatively affect the rest of the
activities. In this document we will present only the export Activates which is primary activities of
the value chain and is directly affect the customer experience.
The pain points are mainly resulted from lack of containers handling equipment and the behaviour
of labour in the terminal. For example, if 100 Containers stripped per day (in our system Log File)
50 containers inside Import stripping area and 50 containers outside the port 10 Containers only will
be shifted from the Import stripping area to Shipping Line Container Yard to use for export at that
day and all 50 from outside will reach Shipping Line Container Yard. While exporters need 70
containers per day for their cargo.
The current situation is we provide 10 containers from Import stripping area plus 50 containers
returned from outside the terminal. this resulted in losing 10 containers from export volume or delay
them to the next day.

Globalization Is The Act Of Physical, Political, Social...
Globalization is the act of physical, political, social and economic interaction of people across the
world leading to an integrated system that is synchronized through common understanding (Scholte,
2000). The main area of concern is across border trade where business resources are shared beyond
domestic markets to establish an interconnection with preferred foreign markets. There have been
three forces that have continually increased the globalization phenomenon. They include
transportation, technology and communication.
Transportation
Improvement in the transportation sector has been essential in enhancing globalization.
Transportation modes move faster and have more capacity in storage volumes than previous
decades. Improved ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The double stacking capabilities introduced incurred minimal extra costs of long distance shipment.
The competitive capacity of rail transport was enhanced against the shipping industry. Road
transport also embraced the advancement in containerization through new trailer or hauler trucks.
Multiple containers could be latched onto one trailer and successfully delivered over long distances.
Therefore, transfer of commodities was based on economies of scale with guaranteed minimum
costs as compared to previous years. Due to standardized containerization, intermodal transportation
emerged to effectively maneuver geographical constraints for timely deliveries. In this new system,
integrated transport modes act in a specific sequence to ensure cargo is delivered door to door.
Multiple networks of distribution centers linked to terminals were designed to penetrate a big
portion of productive areas (Rodrigue, Comtois, & Slack, 2006). Customers no longer needed to
have defined routes of cargo movement. Instead, they only needed to worry about the time of
delivery and costs of shipment. The ability to enjoy faster transportation that was cheaper and
covered longer distances as compared to previous decades, encouraged movement of people and
goods through long distances. The ease and comfort in movement motivated the venture of investors
and ordinary people into previously

Silicachem Corporation: Outbound Freight Transport Report...
Full–time
MSc in Logistics & Supply Chain Management
2011/12
Freight Transport Assessment
SilicaChem Corporation:
Outbound Freight Transport Report
Jia GUO, Bethie
09/01/12
1. Introduction
This short report recommends the best options of serving the Spanish distributor and the North
America customer based on information given. Although cost is the main consideration in the
analysis, various other criteria such as service level and transport modal features are also examined.
In order to deliver a more comprehensive discussion, weaknesses of the recommended modals are
listed, which should be carefully evaluated when further information is available.
2. Serving the Spanish distributor
2.1 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another alternative the company could consider is using multiple carriers in intermodal transport.
As illustrated in Appendix 1, the quotations of the same route or activity from two carriers can be
significantly different. Therefore, it is beneficiary for the company to understand the cost
components of carriers and the rationale behind the quotations, in order to grasp the opportunity of
better deal and more reliable service (Jennings and Holcomb, 1996).
In terms of transport mode selection, SilicaChem could consider the feasibility of using only road
and rail transport in intermodal so as to boost transit speed. However, further information
concerning routing and cost are needed for detailed evaluation.
3. Serving the North America customer
3.1 Recommendation

As shown by the calculation in Appendix 2, sea freight is more cost effective than air freight. Based
on the assumptions listed in the appendix, sea freight is estimated to have an annual total cost of
about £264,000 lower than that of air freight. The main contributor of this difference is shipping
cost, as the total annual shipping rate of sea freight is £310,000 cheaper. As a result, although
adopting air freight would provide a saving of about £60,000 in inventory holding and warehousing
costs, the total cost of sea freight is still substantially lower.
Apart from the cost factors, sea freight would also

Comparing The Pon Just Requested For The Via Chicago
1. Assume you are Vanderpool. Draft the comparison Pon just requested. I will compute
conveyance. For the via Chicago, I will choose to use rail. Here's the comparison:
Via Chicago Costs ($)
Container charter 72,000
Load and block ($20/trk) 2,000
Rail rate at $90/trk 9,000
Wharf age 1,070
Loading and stowing ($80/trk) 8,000
Seaway tolls ($27/trk) 2,700
Unloading 4,200
Insurance ($105/trk) 10,500 Total 109,470
Via Baltimore Costs ($)
Load and block ($30/trk) 3,000
Rail rate at $448/trk 44,800
Handling @ Baltimore ($100/trk) 10,000
Ocean freight ($720/trk) 72,000
Insurance ($75/trk) 7,500 Total 137,300
1. Which of the two routing alternatives would you recommend? Why?
In terms of transportation costs only, the chartered vessel is cheaper. However, when we take into
account cash flows and the value of money, the Baltimore route becomes advantageous. Assume we
use the charter vessel. It should arrive on May 30th and HDT will be paid. However, if trucks are
sent two at a time via Baltimore, the middle pair (#25 and #26) should be finished on about April
16th and arrive at Doha about May 8th, when they will be paid–in other words, 22 days earlier than
if they arrived on May 30th on the chartered vessel. HDT pays 8% per year for its money so here is
how to calculate the savings for truck #25 or #26:
($172,000 times .08 times 22) divided by 365 = $829.37
Multiplying $829.37 times 50 yields $41,468.50. When added to the costs of using Chicago
($109,470), the total cost now

Evolution of Intermodal Transportation
With the global market becoming more connected and competitive, the United States supply chain
needs to constantly evolve to survive. Advancing technology and E–Commerce allow customers to
order products from literally anywhere in the world, resulting in a sudden emergence of strong
global competition. To compete America needs to be able to provide the same goods faster and more
efficient that their competitors. However many improvements in every branch of the American
transportation supply chain including infrastructure and logistics need to be made in to achieve this.
One practice that is becoming more essential to compete in the growing global market is intermodal
freight transportation. Before the history and evolution of intermodal freight transportation can be
discussed it must first be defined. One article defines intermodal freight transportation as "the use of
two or more modes to move a shipment from origin to destination" (Dewitt and Clinger, n.d., p. 1).
A prime example of intermodal freight transportation in America is transfer of trailers and
containers from container ships to either trains or trucks. Goods are then typically transferred to
trucks for the final delivery door to door. Intermodal transport is not only trailer and container
traffic, but also bulk goods like grain, building products, and coal (Dewitt and Clinger, n.d.). In
North America intermodal freight transport benefits from the country's huge landmass which offers
great potential

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