Senior Program Development Specialist With The Oklahoma...

Senior Program Development Specialist With The Oklahoma...
With great willingness, I am applying for the position of Senior Program Development Specialist
with the Oklahoma Healthy Aging Initiative. My longtime friend, Madelyn Keck, learned of the
position and suggested I apply. I am seeking both a change and a challenge and this opportunity
provides both. My education, skill–set, and experience make me an excellent candidate for this
vacancy.
The following are examples of how my past accomplishments will allow me to meet the needs of
the Oklahoma Health Aging Initiative.
This position will design, coordinate and implement health education programs for OHAI:
The Community Nutrition Education Programs (CNEP) operate under the over–arching statewide
Health and Hunger Issue Teams. I am a member (minor) of the state team tasked with the design,
coordination, implementation and evaluation of Health and Hunger Issue Teams. We began the
process in 2011 by crafting logic models, identifying evidence–based curricula, developing
evaluation tools, training staff and completing the process of full implementation in approximately
¾ of Oklahoma's seventy–seven counties.
Assist in securing income for educational activities:
For the past 15 years I have prepared/authored required reporting to sustain over $54,198,600 in
grant funds. This includes the SNAP–Ed Narrative Six–Month Report), the SNAP–Ed Narrative
Annual Report, and the Evaluation and Administrative Reporting System (EARS report).
While serving Beaver County, I
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Service Quality and Client Satisfaction: Cases of Multiple...
A competitive world of numerous public and private service providers placed perceived quality as
one of the crucial determinant in selecting a product or service. With the aim of determining service
quality present study investigate multiple public and private agricultural extension service providers
in Bangladesh. SERVQUAL model was employed to measure service quality using face to face
interview with 391 respondents. This study was also complimented with qualitative methods like
key informant interviews, focus group discussion and informal interviews. Z statistics revealed that
there was a significant difference between the perceived and expected ratings on all of the service
quality dimensions. It was also confirmed that highest gaps ... Show more content on
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Several other studies posit that the performance of agricultural extension is unsatisfactory and a
remarkable proportion of potential clients remain out of extension service (Haq, 2011; Porimol et
al., 2008; Daily Star, 2008). In addition public agricultural extension is often criticized for being too
top–down as well as large and medium farmer centered (Swanson, 2011; World Bank, 2005;
Sobhan, 1995).
In general extension services offered by private organizations is conceived as better than public
extension service although empirical evidences are scarce. Rather extension service offered by
private companies can logically be criticized for high profit making intension and ignoring
development motive (Haque, 2010). On the other hand NGOs may be little ahead in terms of contact
frequency (ASIRP, 2003) and dealing with special farmer groups such as landless, marginal, etc.
(Birner et al., 2010; Haque, 2010) but the quality of service and skill of extension of worker is not
out of the question. Nonetheless NGOs are commonly criticized for working in fashionable
locations, limited capacity for agricultural technology development and dissemination, more
accountable to funding agencies than clients (Farrington, 1997).
A service deemed to be of high quality when the customer's expectations are corroborated by
subsequent service delivery. Service quality is important and strategic aspect in

Functions Of The IAEAProgrammes And Services
Programmes and Services Since its inception in 1953 the IAEA has pursued programmes or has
provided services to support the international community, in keeping with the UN Charter the
agency operates and functions to promote peace and international cooperation, and is in line with
UN policy in furthering the establishment of global disarmament via safeguards. This is done by
utilizing its functions, such as promoting and facilitating research; advancing and applying practical
and peaceful application of atomic technologies around the globe; instituting and administering
safeguards to warrant against the use of assisted advancement from being used towards military
purposes; enacting safeguards upon relevant actors at the request of member ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Another key programme is the IAEA Water Availability Enhancement Project (IWAVE), which is a
project aimed at assessing the long–term improvement to access fresh water supplies for member
nations using comprehensive scientific analysis of national water resources. (IAEA****, 2017) The
key programmes mentioned above are from a short list of cooperative programmes that involved and
impact numerous member states. The IAEA has also organized and is involved in over 807 regional
and interregional projects around the globe some of which are under cooperative agreements with
member states leading in nuclear technologies. These programmes and projects are provided through
a specialized organization mechanism called the Department of Technical Cooperation (TC) which
is under the IAEA Secretariat to provide the services and technical expertise to the receiving
member states. The services and support provide cooperative expertise in nuclear technology to
develop or expand stakeholder priorities or infrastructure using nuclear energy or techniques. These
programmes are available to any member state, but is typically utilized by developing nations. The
programme of the TC is managed within four regions: Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Europe and Latin
America and the Caribbean, to help address the demands of member states. One of the main
directives of the TC is to avail its member of the services provided

Reoccurring Services Case Study
No reoccurring services policy
The problem: University of Nevada Cooperative Extension (UNCE), ALL4Kids and Little Cooks &
Little Books, are funded by Supplemental Nutrient Assistance Program Education (SNAP–Ed).
SNAP–ED, has imposed a new policy that there are no reoccurring services allowed at the SNAP–
Ed school sites. The policy created more community based instructors (CBI) then SNAP–Ed
available school sites, because of the new policy both programs are struggling. On the structural
totem pole shareholders and the community can dictate what can happen with SNAP–Ed funded
programs. UNCE teams are strong, and ALL4KIDS, and Little Books & Little Cooks teams are have
experience and education people and their focus is finding new sites to serve.

Land Grant Universities
Introduction
The colleges and universities established in all states by the first Morrill Act in 1862 and the second
Morrill Act in 1890 are land–grant institutions (Sherwood, 2004). The original mission of the land–
grant universities institutions is "To teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and
the mechanic, and arts, in such manner as the legislatures of the states may respectively prescribe, in
order to promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits
and professions in life," (Shiplett et al., 2011, p. 84).
Today, the land–grant institutions continue to provide equitable access to education and develop
innovations that continue to strengthen the US. Land–grant universities ... Show more content on
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Today, land–grant universities have moved from their original mission as a result of some issues,
which include budget–related financial issues and the small number of agriculture student
enrollment. The financial issue drove some land–grant universities to increase the tuitions and fees
on their students, and it shifted the institution from their historical mission to provide higher
education for all citizen from all classes. The second issue is the small number of agriculture
students' enrollment each year. This issue threated the survival of the agriculture colleges in the
land–grant universities. Overall, land grant universities have shifted from their mission that was
provided by our

Graduate Assistant Application Essay
At a young age I realized that I enjoyed helping others become better. As I continue with my
education I know that I want my career to have the ability to help and encourage others in whichever
way possible. My range of leadership, professional, research and volunteer experiences makes me a
unique applicant for your position. I feel confident that I will be successful as your graduate
assistant. First, my experiences indicate that I am able to effectively balance a variety of tasks and
responsibilities Due to my strong work ethic and determination, I have acquired a total of over 1400
hours in a professional setting.
My professional, leadership and volunteer positions reveal that I am a self–reliant and a responsible
person. For instance, as a nutrition educator for the Florida Department of Health WIC, I was
responsible for ensuring that the nutrition education process provided to my WIC clients were
accurately documented and submitted daily. Additionally, during my ... Show more content on
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Also, the educational materials I produced during the cooperative extension practicum were
disseminated throughout the state of Georgia and strengthened the knowledge and awareness of
health, diet, and chronic disease prevention. My undergraduate work as a dietitian's assistant helped
decrease the chance for consumption of allergy–containing foods and enabled all students into
making nutritious choices at the dining halls. Finally, I have actively engaged in community service
events such as Athens PBJ, Feed Downtown, and the Northeast Georgia Food Bank delivering
meals, food and food supplies to local homeless and food insecure communities. In the future, I see
myself in a community setting helping people with their goals. I really desire to have a career with
counseling and education and hope that I continue to have a wide variety of those experiences
outside of

Factors Influencing The Adoption Behavior Of Coffee Producers
Selected explanatory variables
A micro–level approach was used in order to test which factors influence the adoption behavior of
coffee producers with regard to SMPs. The model incorporates farm and management
characteristics, the socioeconomic profile of producers and social capital indicators. Table 1 presents
the descriptive statistics of the data collected.
Several factors that were considered are accepted as common predictors of adoption in developing
countries. However, three questions related to explanatory variables were not included in the final
questionnaire. Firstly, we did not take into account access to bank loans since coffee farmers in
Mexico are mostly unable to obtain investment credit from lending institutions. Producers usually
have the option of obtaining short term financing (cash advances) either from local traders or from
coffee cooperatives for those who are members. However, the availability of long term credit has
virtually disappeared making it difficult for producers to defer the costs of implementing new
practices over several years (AMECAFE, 2009).
Secondly, tenure arrangements were not considered since households in the sampled area are
governed by a communal land resources committee, an institution independent of the municipality.
Under this system, producers hold usufruct rights to their coffee parcels. While a 1991 amendment
to the Mexican constitution made the privatization of communal lands (ejidos) possible it remains
the dominant type

Role Of Entrepreneurs For Promoting Agribusiness
ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURS IN PROMOTING AGRIBUSINESS IN INDIA
1Mr. Raghavendra Hajgolkar, ICSSR Doctoral Fellow, Department of Studies in Economics, Rani
Channamma University, Belagavi – 591156 (Karnataka), India. Email: raghvendra59@gmail.com
2Dr. Talwar Sabanna, Professor and Dean, School of Business and Economics, Department of
Studies in Economics, Rani Channamma University, Belagavi–591156 (Karnataka), India.
ABSTRACT
Commercialization of agriculture is possible by performing agribusiness activities. Entrepreneurial
extension is now indispensable and has to perform different roles of promoting production,
processing, value addition, trade and marketing. Agribusiness is a generic term that refers to the
various businesses involved in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Keywords: Agribusiness, Youth, Entrepreneurship Development, Enterprise, Marketing
INTRODUCTION
India is an agriculture based country since ancient time which is considered as the backbone of our
economy and the agrarian sector contributes substantially to the GDP of India. Around seventy per
cent of the Indian population and more than fifty per cent of the total work force still depends on
agriculture and allied areas for live hood, agriculture meets the basic needs of India's growing
population. Today, agriculture has achieved commercial importance and changed from subsistence
farming to commercial farming, import oriented to export oriented sector, supply driven technology
to demand driven technology etc. New inputs and new technologies are hitting market every day. In
the developed countries, agribusiness is defined as the total output arising from farm production and
product processing at both pre– and post–farm gate levels. In developing countries like India,
agribusiness is a generic term that refers to the various businesses involved in food production,
including farming and contract farming, seed supply, agrichemicals, farm machinery, wholesale and
distribution, processing, marketing, and retail sales. Agribusiness is widely used simply as a
convenient portmanteau of agriculture and business, referring to the range of activities and
disciplines encompassed by modern food production. Hence agribusiness can be defined as science
and practice of

Fair Work Australia Essay
Introduction Fair Work Australia (FWA) was established by the Fair Work Act 2009 (the Act) and
will commence operations on 1 July 2009. Fair Work Australia is one of two institutions established
to administer the provisions of the Act and to provide a framework for cooperative and productive
workplace relations that promote economic prosperity and social inclusion. The Act also establishes
the office of the Fair Work Ombudsman to undertake compliance, education and advice functions.
Fair Work Australia and the Fair Work Ombudsman will develop cooperative and seamless
approaches to the delivery of services to employees, employers and organisations. 1.1 Role Their
main role is to advocate harmonious, productive and cooperative relations. Provide compliance with
Australian workplace laws and to monitor certain 457 visa arrangements. Part of their service is to
give free education to people working in Australia about fair work practices, their rights and
obligations. They assess complaints or suspicious breaches of workplace laws, awards and
registered agreements. Bring matter before court of law some circumstances to enforce workplace
laws and impede people from doing wrong in the community and amplifying effective relationship
with industry, unions along with other stakeholders. 1.3 Scope Fair Works Commission manages all
matters overseeing work environment relationship, head honcho representative relationship and all
matters administered under the reasonable works act

If dead, round spots of grass start emerging in once...
If dead, round spots of grass start emerging in once plush, green lawn, you're most likely not a
happy camper. Rather than settling for a less–than–perfect turf that affects the aesthetic appeal of
your property, determine what is causing the spots of dead grass as soon as you notice them.
Whether you're dealing with a lawn disease or insect infestation, quick action on your part can stop
the problem in its tracks.
Lawn Diseases
Spring dead spot, rhizoctonia large patch, dollar spot, and fusarium and pythium blight, are some of
the lawn diseases that can trigger round, dead spots that can range in diameter from 1 inch to 1 foot.
Some start out small and get bigger, while others merge together to form a large dead patch.
Diseases only ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Other insect pests that can damage your lawn, resulting in dead patches that are not necessarily
round, include billbugs and grubs. A visual inspection or drench test can help determine what type of
pest you're dealing with. (See References 3 and 4)
Proper Lawn Care
Proper care can prevent damage to your lawn. To prevent disease–encouraging conditions,
incorporate sound watering and fertilizing practices that are geared toward the type of grass you're
growing. Cool–season grasses, for instance, are less drought resistant and need more water than
warm–season grasses. To maintain even growth, apply 4 to 6 pounds of nitrogen per 1,000 square
feet of lawn each year. Although growth rate of differs per grass type, keep the grass at its
recommended height, mowing no more than one–third of the leaf blade, because removing more
increases disease susceptibility. (See References 1)
Key Concepts
dead grass lawn round lawn spots grass spot damage
References
UC IPM Online: Lawn Diseases: Prevention and Management
[http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7497.html] Texas A&M Agrilife Extension:
"Dog–On–It" Lawn Problems [http://aggie–
horticulture.tamu.edu/archives/parsons/turf/Dog_lawn_problems.html] UC IPM Online: Lawn
Insects [http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7476.html] Seedland: Climate Maps,
Grass Type Chart & More [http://www.lawngrasses.com/info/climate–map.html#.U0cXhaITU1I]

Using Nigeria Agricultural Cooperative and Rural...
! "# $ ! % % & ' (!%%&
Using Nigeria Agricultural Cooperative and Rural Development Bank small holder direct loan
scheme to increase agricultural production in rural Oyo State, Nigeria
1 1
Oyeyinka, R. A. and K. K. 2Bolarinwa
Department of Agricultural Education,Federal College of Education (Special), P. M. B. 1089, Oyo,
Oyo State, Nigeria. E–mail: drraoye@yahoo.com
2
Department of Agricultural Administration,
College of Agricultural Management and Rural Development University of Agriculture Abeokuta,
Nigeria. Correspondent author: E–mail: bolarinwakolade@yahoo.com Abstract: Credit disbursement
has been given priority by the Nigerian Agricultural Cooperative and Rural Development Bank. The
study examined the use of NACRDB Small–holder ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Granting credit to peasant farmers for the cost they incurred on land preparation, weeding and
harvesting operations and labour to increase the use of agricultural inputs will enable them most
importantly to be able to adopt modern farming techniques, so as to increase their agricultural
productivity. Farmer's access to credit will enable them use tractors, which will lead to increased
output of higher quality, thereby resulting in
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increased income and improved standard of living, which is imperative. Public policy in mobilizing
financial resources for agricultural development has not been very effective for a number of reasons.
First, there have been no consistent and effective policies to make private investment in agriculture
more attractive due to persistently low productivity. While this has not induced the necessary
industrial growth in the sector to create larger markets for farm output, it has also curtailed free flow
of funds from the private sector. As a result, the bulk of the investment in agriculture has been from
state resources. The proportion of agricultural output in the GDP which was close to 60 percent
during the 1960s stagnated below 30 percent for most of the 1970s, although, there has been a

reversal of this negative trend since the National Economic Empowerment Development Strategy
(NEEDS) was introduced in 2004. The achieved proportion is however,

Service Quality and Client Satisfaction: Cases of Multiple...
Since the early 1980s customer satisfaction surveys have maintained a conspicuous place in the
research agenda (Allen & Rao, 2000). Quality is the core strategy that organizations execute to bring
better values to customers for gaining a competitive advantage. Quality is conformance to
requirements (Crosby, 1979). However Juran et al. (1974) see quality as fitness for use while
according to Kanji (1990) quality is satisfying the customer's requirement continually. Service
quality is the ability of the organization to meet or exceed customer expectations (Kitchroen, 2004).
Research diagnose several characteristics those are associated with service quality. Schneider &
Bowen (1995) proposed three crucial issues security, esteem and justice ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This model enables a service provider to identify, how customers perceive the real performance of
the service in comparison with their initial expectations on the basis of tangibles, reliability,
responsiveness, assurance and empathy (Parasuraman et al., 1988).
SERVQUAL is a standardized and reliable instrument that has been used by majority of work to
date endeavor to measure service quality (Rohini & Mahadevappa, 2006; Shahin, 2013; Riyadh
Lidhari, 2009) although there are a number of other models (Seth et al., 2005). Zeithaml, et al.
(1990) in his introduction pages mentioned that service quality methods can be used and applied to
all types of profit and non–profit oriented organization services. Direct or modified application of
the SERVQUAL model in measuring agricultural service organizations in no exception (Horri et al.,
2012; Rana et al., 2013). Grīnberga–Zālīte (2011) in his study on the assurance of customer–guided
training services' quality at rural advisory centers found that SERVQUAL model precisely indicates
those criteria of Latvian Rural Advisory and Training Center (LRATC) service quality, which had a
lower performance than customer expectation. The SERVQUAL model also used to measure quality
of agricultural extension service in the KPSDMP – KP regency of Garut, Indonesia (Ruhana, 2011)
and customer satisfaction in Markazi province

The Disadvantages And Disadvantages Of Smallholders And...
2.1.4 Smallholders and Farmer Cooperatives
Coffee farming is crucial as the source of income for smallholders farmer in most of developing
countries. Although, the number of private plantation is quite small, they might have the possibility
to break the boundary and an access broader market channel. However, small–scale farmers might
have several constraints that prevent them from reaching the market. The demand for high quality
products and consistent volumes is one of the possible constraints that they might face. Several
studies have been drawn the important barrier encountered by developing country producers
regarding institutional and infrastructural support (Trienekens, 2011:52). To some extent,
smallholders also faced a various disadvantage ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Still, economies of scale in production are different from economies of scale in marketing that are
rife in high value export market. The conflict lies in the requirements for marketing in terms of
information procurement and dissemination, the role of reputation and branding and the importance
of negotiations (Roy and Thorat, 2008:1876). Although Fischer and Qaim (2012) argued that
cooperative organizations do not necessarily mean that the farmers can get better access to market,
but the farmers' organization can be the important catalyst for innovation adoption and upgrading of
production systems through promoting efficient information flows (Fischer and Qaim,

A Developmental Worker Analysis :
A Developmental Worker Analysis:
(337)Question 1:
The first value that I would bring to a developmental worker for a government agency would be to
provide solidarity within a neo–liberal culture. The current examples of this form of managerial
form of cooperation between corporate suppliers of resources and the governmental collectivization
process. Solidarity amongst all parties is crucial for maintain a cooperative organization that can
adjust through complex community actions and the managerial aspects of producing goods and
services through the organization. This can include crating a managerial environment in which
workers find common bonds that drive them to achieve success in community work. More so, an
extension of this type of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The third value of "participatory approaches" is well founded as a means in which I could bring
together various government, private sector, and community arrangement as development worker.
For instance, Munater et al (year?) defines the Venezuelan approach to health care, which has
provided this type of interactive participation in the management process: "Organized community
action, genuine–community partnerships, solidarity between two low–income to middle–income
countries (Venezuela and Cuba), and no involvement fro the main players in the global arena"
(p.225). These aspects of self–reliance are important within a neo–liberal context, since they rely on
a highly cooperative and interactive system that does not rely on global organizations.
Question 2:
I chose many of these localized values due to the importance of achieving organizational success
without the overarching pressures of financial debt and resources allocation within the global free
market system. For instance, many countries under the WTO, UN, or the World Bank have o abide
certain rules that govern the funding, allocation of resources, and the first world policies that can
inhibit third world developmental workers trying to help the local community. However, this is not
to say that I cannot create alliances and cooperatives with these organizations, but that they do not
have complete control over the

Sample Size
Topics: Agricultural Education and Communication | Program Evaluation | Sampling | Israel, Glenn
D Determining Sample Size1 Glenn D. Israel2 Perhaps the most frequently asked question
concerning sampling is, "What size sample do I need?" The answer to this question is influenced by
a number of factors, including the purpose of the study, population size, the risk of selecting a "bad"
sample, and the allowable sampling error. Interested readers may obtain a more detailed discussion
of the purpose of the study and population size in Sampling The Evidence Of Extension Program
Impact, PEOD–5 (Israel, 1992). This paper reviews criteria for specifying a sample size and presents
several strategies for determining the sample size. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Using Formulas To Calculate A Sample Size Although tables can provide a useful guide for
determining the sample size, you may need to calculate the necessary sample size for a different
combination of levels of precision, confidence, and variability. The fourth approach to determining
sample size is the application of one of several formulas (Equation 5 was used to calculate the
sample sizes in Table 1 and Table 2 ). Equation 5. Formula For Calculating A Sample For
Proportions For populations that are large, Cochran (1963:75) developed the Equation 1 to yield a
representative sample for proportions. Equation 1. Which is valid where n0 is the sample size, Z2 is
the abscissa of the normal curve that cuts off an area at the tails (1 – equals the desired confidence
level, e.g., 95%)1, e is the desired level of precision, p is the estimated proportion of an attribute that
is present in the population, and q is 1–p. The value for Z is found in statistical tables which contain
the area under the normal curve. To illustrate, suppose we wish to evaluate a state–wide Extension
program in which farmers were encouraged to adopt a new practice. Assume there is a large
population but that we do not know the variability in the proportion that will adopt the practice;
therefore, assume p=.5 (maximum variability). Furthermore, suppose we desire a 95% confidence
level and ±5% precision. The resulting sample size is demonstrated in Equation 2. Equation 2.

Cases of Multiple Providers of Agricultural Extension...
1.2 Agricultural Extension System: the Bangladesh case In Bangladesh a multitude of agencies from
private and public origin offer extension support to the farmers (ASIRP, 2006). Although recent
years witness a noticeable change in agricultural extension service providers, the public institutions
still remain the dominant. The new entrants to the field include non–governmental organizations
(NGOs), the private sector agribusiness enterprises and grass–root institutions eg. Self–Help and
micro–credit Groups involving farming communities (WB, 2005).
DAE is the key department under the Ministry of Agriculture which provides extension support to
crop sector farmers. This organization has country wide coverage and operational staff. Other public
organizations involved in providing extension service in crop sectors are Agricultural Information
Service (AIS), Department of Agriculture Marketing (DAM), Bangladesh Agriculture Development
Corporation (BADC), Rural Development Academy (RDA), Bangladesh Rural Development Board
(BRDB), Cotton Development Board (CDB), Tea Board (TB), Department of Youth Development
(DYD), Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB) etc. Except DAE other public extension
organizations have their own way of offering extension services.
NGOs started to provide their own extension services in the late 1970s to disseminate knowledge
among their targeted clients (Haque, 2010). More than 100 local, national, and international NGOs
are involved in agricultural

Cases of Multiple Providers of Agricultural Extension...
3.4 Farmer's satisfaction with extension services
This study used five point Likert scale to measure client satisfaction. As very few responses were
recorded in very dissatisfied category so this category is merged with dissatisfied category. Slightly
more than two third of the farmers are either satisfied (71.1%) or very satisfied (5%) with the
content of extension service (Figure 1). Farmer satisfaction is highest with agent's behavior where
16% farmers are very satisfied and 65.1% satisfied. On the contrary little less than half of the
respondents were either dissatisfied (11.3%) or in no opinion (32.4 %) category with extension
service method. Overall satisfaction percentage shows that a little more than half of the respondents
are either satisfied (46.5%) or very satisfied (6.9%) with extension service leaving a little less than
half (46.5%) in no opinion and dissatisfied category. These findings echoes findings of another
study by Akanda & Rokunuzzaman (2012) in Northern Bangladesh on 160 respondents, where
46.9% farmers were found satisfied to moderately satisfied in terms of getting agricultural
information.
3.5 Factors affecting client satisfaction with extension service
Tabulation of OLM results revealed that among all the selected variables education, type of contact,
farming experience and use of communication media had significant affect on farmers' satisfaction
with contents. However education and farming experience had negative effect i.e. satisfaction

Cooperative Extension Improvements
Cooperative Extension works to offer diverse educational programs in agriculture, community
development, food and nutrition, youth development, and natural resources (Franz & Townson,
2008). It consists of being a part of every state's land grant universities, the United States
Department of Agriculture, and local county governments. Part of the reason it got its name is
because it is an extension of the land–grant universities. It is currently the largest adult education
organization in the United States. The Morrill Act of 1862 is what eventually led to the development
of Cooperative Extension. Land–grant universities were started because of the Morrill Act, and in
1914 the Smith–Lever act allocated funds to land–grant universities. ... Show more content on
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Evaluation practices were most likely instigated by external pressure from the public to validate
results and ensure program quality (Rennekamp and Engle, 2008). Cooperative Extension programs
realized that a large portion of the financial support they received was funding that involved the
public. In order to keep receiving funding, they had to adapt and make changes to their program to
ensure the public was getting what they wanted and had their questions answered. Cooperative
Extension as a whole adapted evaluation, but due to the multitudes of program provided by them
and the difference of demand depending on the location, how they went about evaluating

Case Study: Kelly Services Inc.
Respected Mr. Marchionne In Kelly Services Inc, we are obligated to achieve the highest standards
of excellency to our clients all around the world and also. Proudly KMS is a leading company that
provides staffing solutions and offer outsourcing services for the firms and employees respectively.
In response to the increasing demand of Chrysler's Sedan automobiles and in compatibility with
your company's development plans to compete the car market, We Kelly Services would be very
pleased to assist in achieving this goal through providing and sharing consulting services with all the
department offices, and also enhancing the abilities of your staffing services. our responsibilities
would accommodate the development of the company's workforce

Montana Dietetic Internship Personal Statement Essay
Montana Dietetic Internship Personal Statement:
My first introduction to nutrition began at age eleven when I would often read health books at my
leisure. As a result, I slowly began practicing nutritious habits and even encouraged family members
to join me. After realizing how I positively impacted close family members into making healthier
diet and lifestyle choices, I came to understand the value that education can have in creating change.
I was eager and motivated to start a career helping others live healthier lives and desired to use my
dietetics degree to make an influential impact on rural and underserved areas where resources and
community organizations are limited, yet necessary.
My experiences indicate my ability to effectively ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a dietitian's assistant, I organized the nutrition and allergy database for over 1,000 food and
beverage items served through the University's food service system. My work helped students with
food allergies avoid consuming allergy–containing foods and enabled more students to make
healthier choices at the campus eateries. In addition, as a cooperative extension practicum student I.
My articles were distributed to communities all across the state of Georgia. my WIC clients are
positively impacted by my work in ways such as: decreasing rates of overweight and obese children
and increasing breastfeeding rates. My practice and experience combined with a responsible and
self–reliant nature will allow me to contribute to the dietetic profession to further build the
development, expansion and enhancement of community organizations and initiatives. Furthermore,
I will be able to contribute by utilizing my research, volunteer and professional dietetic background
to effectively communicate in a way that integrates dietetic concepts from all areas of

Agriculture
Zambia's agriculture has the potential of enhancing economic growth and reducing poverty. Good
agricultural policies and a well performing agricultural sector translates into significant
improvements in the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), employment generation, and
broadens the country's tax base since the livelihoods of the majority of Zambians depend on
agricultural–related activities such as farming. The sector, if well developed, should contribute
significantly to welfare improvement. In the colonial period, the government paid particular
attention to provinces which were accessible by railways and also to large estate farmers within
these provinces. After independence, attempts were made to redress the imbalance between ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In other words, even if the exchange rate had not been controlled, domestic price controls still rose
the terms of trade heavily against farmers.
Another policy consideration which was introduced by government was to encourage the
establishment of cooperatives at the village level and to form an umbrella organization of the
cooperatives at the national level.
According to Tadora (2006:470), another policy that the government considered was the emergency
of the rural society based on peasant mass participation. The basic viable input in Africa is
agriculture farming and village labour. This is due to the importance of subsistence farming in the
village community, the existence of some land in excess of immediate requirements, which permits
a general practice of shifting cultivation and reduces the value of land ownership as an instrument of
economic and political power, and the rights of each family (both nuclear and extended) in a village
to have access to land and water in the immediate territory vicinity, excluding from such access use
by families that do not belong to the community even though they may be of the same tribe.
However, even with introduction of peasant masses, the rural areas of Zambia continue to be
poverty–stricken, and food production on a larger scale faces severe constraints, which includes lack
of production assets and inputs, limited irrigation infrastructure and missing governmental extension

Umb Executive Summary
University of Maryland, Baltimore's (UMB) Central Administration (CA) is an integrated
department organized to provide comprehensive high quality service to UMB's investigators,
fostering new research and clinical initiatives with industry, and promoting translational discoveries
into public benefit. UMB CA consists of following divisions, Office of Technology Transfer, Office
of Sponsored Programs Administration, Center for Clinical Trials, Global Initiatives,
BioPark/Economic development and Internal Review Board (IRB). CA assists researchers and
sponsors by expediting research agreement for novel and promising therapies. The CA supports
budgeting, contracting and sponsor relations for agreements, cooperating with the University of
Maryland Medical Center Hospital to expand UMB's achievements as an internationally renowned
center for innovative patient care and research.
P.1.a. Organizational Environment
P.1.a (1). Service offerings
CA serves its customers (investigators) and the University community through its core competencies
of all pre–award and post–award functions, including proposal submissions, the contract
negotiation, the budget negotiations, manage UMB's animal–related activities (IACUC), research
involving human subjects ( IRB), the use of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
and acceptance of all sponsored agreements on behalf of UMB, Contract modifications, sub–
recipient/sub–contract monitoring and contract closeout. UMB CA provides services to UMB's
departmental staff and faculty member through the most effective and efficient means available.
This specialty covers the activities related to the full lifecycle of program administration including
identification of funding sources, proposal submission, contract negotiation, sub–award issuance,
and post–award administration (both financial and non–financial) related to funding provided in the

Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program: Case Study
CHEMUNG COUNTY (WENY) – Seniors in Chemung County will soon be able to eat fresh, for
less! All thanks to the Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program. But you'll want to pay attention if
you've used the program in the past because big changes are coming this year.
As a way to get seniors nutritious food and help out local farmers, New York State participates in the
Senior Framers Market Nutrition Program. Which allows Eligible seniors to exchange coupons for
fresh fruit, vegetables, honey and fresh–cut herbs from participating farmers market vendors. "When
you are doing it locally you're getting a lot better produce, something that is fresh and something
that was probably picked the day before," explains Nutrition Services Coordinator ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
–Wisner Park, N Main St., Elmira 14901, Cornell Cooperative Extension Booth 11:30 to 2:00
Friday, June 24th:
–Eastside Market 2:30 to 6:00 pm If you are not able to walk very far, we will be set up to meet you
at your car in the parking lot.
Saturday, June 25th:
–Teale Park 9:00 to 10:00 am
Monday, June 27th:
–George Bragg Towers 115 Dewitt Ave., Elmira, NY 14901 10:30 to 11:30 am in the Community
Room This is open to people in the community, not just the residents in the building
Thursday, June 30th:
–Wisner Park, N Main St., Elmira 14901, Cornell Cooperative Extension Booth 10:00 am to 2:00
pm
–Van Etten Village Community Building, 57 E Tioga St., Van Etten, NY 1:30 to 2:30 pm
Friday, July 1st:

–Eastside Market 2:30 to 5:30 pm
The coupons can also be picked up at the Chemung County Department of Aging and Long Term
Care between 10:00 am and 3:00 pm beginning Thursday, June 23.
Any farm stands interested in accepting the Farmer's Market coupons can call NYS Department of
Agriculture and Markets Office at (518– 457– 7076 ext. 1 or email
farmersmarkets@agriculture.ny.gov for information. You can also find the application online at

Therapy Dogs Essay
As the saying goes, a dog is a man's best friend. The dog is a loving companion to a man. He is
happy to go everywhere with his master. He shows his affection for his master by wagging his tail
and licking his hand or face. This timeless relationship continues to evolve into new kinds of
human–dog interactions that increasingly benefit society. This has led to the belief that dogs can
provide company, affection and support to people who are going through a difficult time or who feel
lonely. Dogs have aided humans in tasks such as hunting, livestock herding, and guarding. However,
as society moved from small rural communities to increasingly large metropolitan areas, the dog's
role changed. Throughout the years a more specific type of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As a result, Smoky became the first therapy dog we know of. (Visser 2013) There are between 45 to
55 million dogs per household in America (American Humane Association 2012). Furthermore,
according to a national survey, the majority of dog owners chose to get a dog for the companionship
as the major reason for having a dog (American Animal Hospital Association, 2004). After all, dogs
are nonjudgmental, give unconditional love, can be trusted with our most intimate feelings and
emotions, and are highly intelligent. These dog characteristics can significantly enhance the lives of
thousands of youth and adults, especially those with disabilities and/or those who live in continuing
care facilities. There are approximately 20,000 service dogs in the U.S., which includes 10,000
guide dogs (American Humane Association 2012) Most of the therapy dogs come from a selective
breeding program known as the American Kennel Club (AKC). These dogs go through several
months of obedience training and must be able to strictly follow commands. These dogs must also
feel comfortable in the presence of wheelchairs, walkers, crutches, oxygen tanks, food carts, and any
other equipment patients and therapists use. A number of studies have demonstrated that the
presence of therapy dogs serve to increase the quantity and quality of positive attention directed
toward the physically handicapped by both familiar individuals and

Virgin Island Fertilizer Essay
St. Croix's Complicated Potential for Sustainable Island Agriculture
History and culture as obstacles to a sustainable local food economy.
Located in the Caribbean Sea, Saint Croix has a sub–tropical island climate and is the largest of the
U.S. Virgin Island(USVI) territories with the greatest percentage of arable land. Little seasonal
temperature variability, low humidity, and a year–round growing season has historically offered the
island significant advantages for agricultural development and production. Even with seasonal
rainfall and periods of drought, the island is extremely capable of supporting a wide array of tropical
fruits. These include coconuts, mangos, papayas, guavas, passion fruits, soursop, mamey apples,
sugar apples, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Croix and the other U.S. Virgin Islands, but it is undoubtedly hard, dirty, tiresome work that often
fails to reap the appreciation and acknowledgement it truly deserves. Though it can be a profitable
and rewarding venture, it remains truly a labor intensive practice that requires a highly motivated,
consistent, and environmentally sensitive workforce. Many of the most prized jobs on the islands are
now working for businesses outside of agriculture, such as hotels, inns, resorts, eco–tourism
adventure enterprises, and food service industries. Those fortunate enough to make it to the
university often end up leaving to seek superior career or job growth opportunities available to them
only on the

Surge Irrigation Essay
Surge Irrigation
Surface irrigation is not new technology, but through research and the incorporation of some
inventive measures, advances in this area have provided the needed responses to make this type of
irrigation increasingly appealing. Not only is water quality a major concern, but current farmers
must now monitor water quality and provide adequate crop protection measures to insure a good
yield. Water availability is affected by falling water tables, droughts and stressed by the increasing
water demand of growing urban populations (Moody 1993). Likewise, local and federal
governments create strict water utilization laws, limiting chemical concentrations of particular
substances in surface waters throughout the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although the alternative did not prove to be advantageous under certain circumstances, if a farmer
required high water volumes, the surge, low pressure center pivot and low energy precision
application (LEPA) center pivot types yielded favorable results at intermediate and high water
requirements and dominated all other technologies in all scenarios (Amosson 1995). Since LEPA
and center pivot systems may be too expensive for a small operation, the surge technique seems to
be the only option.
Surge irrigation actually is not a new idea, but current methods of applying the water differ from its
original conception. A practice known as "bumping" began in the Great Plains. During this time,
long rows characterized a typical field and falling water tables prompted the need of water
conservation. From necessity, farmers realized that if they disrupted the stream furrow flow and then
restarted it later, they could advance irrigation water to the end of the field (Belt 1993). Although the
process was very effective, moving pipe was very labor intensive.
The actual term "surge irrigation" was created by Utah State University's J. Keller and G.E.
Stringham (Belt 1993). Surge flow is the method of applying water in intermittent surges as opposed
to using a continuous flow pattern (Hill 1994). There are two application phases, the advance stage

Cooperative Extension Research Paper
Cooperative Extension and Extension Programs A significant part of all land–grant universities is
Cooperative Extension (MSU, n.d). It is a partnership between the land–grant universities and the
U.S. Department of Agriculture to provide for cooperative agricultural extension work. Today, the
Extension Service provides research and non–formal education programs "traditional Extension" or
"reaching out" to meet public needs. In Mississippi, county and regional extension offices are
providing educational programs on local levels. Mississippi State University Extension Service has
been working with farmers and agribusiness owners for over 100 years by providing practical and
research–based education programs. The four major program areas covered ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, the MSU Extension service disseminates science–based information pertaining to all
Mississippians so that positive decisions can be concluded related to health and wellness. Nutrition
Education provided through MSU Extension is based upon two federally funded programs
descripted specifically for nutrition education. These two programs are known as the Expanded
Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) and the Family Nutrition Program (FNP). These
are nationally recognized as the (SNAP–ED) or Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program–
Education project. ServSafe is another program offered through FCE. It provides training related to
working personnel involved in state restaurants, school cafeterias and other food related businesses.
The TummySafe program offers training for those who are involved in child–care centers.
Enterprise and community resource development is the third educational program area in MSU
Extension Service (MSU, n.d). The MSU Extension Service offers applied, research–based
educational content for all Mississippians to help problem solving, skill development and to aid in
building a better future. These include preparations and response training to disasters, and
community leader education related to economic development opportunities. Specialists and agents
involved with MSU Extension are helping to build strong communities across the state of

Program : Striving Readers Family Storyteller
Program: Striving Readers Family Storyteller Target audience age: 0–5 Description: Striving
Readers Family Storyteller (SRFS) program is for infant, toddlers, preschool, and kindergarten
students. As the instructor of SRFS I helped expose children to books, reading, fun literacy games,
singing nursery songs and having a special time with their families. In class the students were able
to participate and become engage while reading the book with their families. Program: Clark County
Title I – Empowerment Learning Services & Number 1 Tutors Target audience age: 6–11
Description: Tutoring program that has successfully service all students in a clean, safe, and healthy
learning environment by collaborating with districts, teachers, and administrators to help students
increase their scores on standardized tests and help each student reach their optimal growth in the
area of academic achievement. I was able to give students more one on one to help them
successfully grow academically. Program: Compass Behavioral Health Target audience age: 7–12
Description: Treatment specialists teach concrete training in the community or home setting. These
interventions include but are not limited to: effective communication, behavioral management,
problem identification and resolution, social skills, problem solving, basic living skills, parent
training, personal safety, self–care, organizational skills, time management, moral guidelines and
judgment, life goals and transitional living

Poor Houses in Mercer County
Allysen S. Byers
September 28, 2011
SOWK 604–Poor House Assignment
Location– Mercer County, Pennsylvania
The Mercer County Home and Hospital was opened to residents in January of 1853. As part of an
initiative which began in 1830 by an act of the PA General Assembly and passed into legislation on
March 22, 1850, the exploration of a site to build what would eventually be known to locals as the
Mercer County Poor Farm began. By 1851, a site was purchased and then discarded due to poor
location. A second developmental site was purchased in 1852 and the original facility on 83 acres
became home to an initial 14 residents. Over a time span of almost 80 years, land would be
purchased and developed with three residential facilities erected ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Placement is contingent solely on court placement.
Part of the farm has been used by the Austin Rains family to raise Angus beef cattle since 1987.
Utilizing approximately 96 acres, the Rains family raises up to 40 cattle annually.
The remaining land is home to Munnell Run Farm. A 163 acre establishment, MRF provides a
myriad of environmental educational services to the Mercer County community including but not
limited to agriculture and ecology education, wetlands and watershed management, and forestry.
MRF also provides trout by means of the Munnell Run Cooperative Trout Nursery to local streams
and rivers. This establishment provides nearly 2000 trout annually.
As previously mentioned, Avalon Springs is a fully functional skilled care nursing home. Privately
owned, this non–profit has a maximum potential occupancy of 100 and utilizes the residential
building built for poor farm residents in 1960.
References
Mercer County Career Center. (2011). Retrieved September 28, 2011, from
http://www.mccc.tec.pa.us
Mercer County Cooperative Extension. (2011). Retrieved September 28, 2011, from
http://extension.psu.edu/mercer
Munnell Run Farm. (2011). Retrieved September 28, 2011, from
http://www.munnellrunfarm.org/default.aspx
YES Academy Youth Education Services. (2008). Retrieved September 28, 2011, from

Common Predictors Of Agricultural Adoption
Several factors that were considered are accepted as common predictors of agricultural adoption in
developing countries. However, three questions related to explanatory variables were not included in
the final questionnaire. Firstly, we did not consider access to bank loans because coffee farmers in
Mexico are mostly unable to obtain investment credit from lending institutions. Coffee producers
usually have the option of obtaining short term financing (cash advances) either from local traders
or from coffee cooperatives for those who are members. However, the availability of long term
credit has virtually disappeared making it difficult for producers to defer the costs of implementing
over several years (AMECAFE, 2009).
Secondly, land tenure arrangements were not factored into the model since the communal land
system in Mexico (ejidos) remains the dominant type of ownership especially in the rural areas of
the south (Brown, 2004). Households in the sampled area continue to work the land under this
traditional system and therefore the inclusion of a variable to capture tenure security could amount
to model misspecification.
Thirdly, analysis of the data indicated that all surveyed producers affiliated with a farmer association
had received extension support through their membership whereas no independent producer had
participated in any form of training . In addition, all of those surveyed who had indicated they were
members of a producer organization belonged to organic

What Are Your Three Main Priorities As A Candidate?
Please tell us briefly why you are seeking this position.
As a teenager, I served as a page in the Virginia House of Delegates and became interested in the
politics of the Commonwealth. Motivated by my childhood experience, I took a job as a Staff
Assistant in the Virginia Senate in the 2016 session. During my time in the Senate, I noticed
politicians pledged to their constituents they planned to vote in their interests, only to vote the
opposite way on the Senate floor. A representative should not deceive their voters, nor vote in
accordance to the largest donor. A representative only holds that seat because of the electorate and
therefore must vote in the interests of their constituents.
I believe the people of Fredericksburg and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Future Farmers of America is an organization that is currently partnered with our schools and
offers a great deal of support and opportunities to our students. Stafford and Fredericksburg do host
several institutions that provide education on agriculture. Stafford has a 4–H program that
coordinates with the Virginia Cooperative Extension. The Stafford County Virginia Cooperative
Extension Office offers local educational services including their Master Gardener Clinics as well as
their Family and Consumer Sciences Extension Program that provides nutritional education to
families.
With younger Americans leaving the agricultural sector, I believe our schools should prepare the
next generation of citizens to enter agricultural work. Our State and localities should push for
expanded education and assistance for students to utilize technology to improve our farms, and in–
turn, our economy.
In tight budget times and with 3/4 of Virginia's budget being nondiscretionary, what programs would
you be in favor of cutting? What programs would you oppose cutting?
I believe our budget must be reviewed. Massive amounts of non–discretionary funding fails to
allocate funds in the most efficient way possible. As members of a state government, delegates must
seek to construct a balanced, yet effective budget that assists all its citizens equally. However, I
believe cutting

Importance Of Inclusion And Diversity In Cooperative...
As a future Extension specialist and researcher, my research interest focus on inclusion and diversity
in Cooperative Extension Service (CES). My primary focused is to develop and deliver extension
programs that best aligns with culturally diverse audience needs to better ensure that a healthy
quality of life is fulfilled. In the past, Extension has done minimum work with changing program
delivery from one size fit all. Currently, extension has great programs that are not culturally relevant
for everyone. Having increase more programs that targets diverse populations will have a deeper
impact on the constituents of CES. I would also like to research shown the importance of
compatibility when developing extension programs. Extension services

Cooperative Extension Appraisals
The Bureau of Labor Statistics or BLS found that between September 2012 and September 2013,
approximately 62.6 million people volunteered through or for an organization at least once (2013).
This report only includes persons that volunteered in a capacity that is defined in the above
paragraph; the figures do not include persons who volunteered in a more informal manner. The
report found that the national volunteer rate declined by 1.1% to 25.4% for the year ending. The
volunteer rate in 2013 was the lowest it has been since the survey was first administered in 2002
(Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2013).
This observation is magnified by what has been observed in the Cooperative Extension program,
herein synonymously referred to as Extension ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Traditional methods of recruitment and retention are not always successful when faced with these
changing barriers and trends. In Centre County, Pennsylvania, it was conservatively estimated they
would need more than $240,000 to replace volunteers with paid staff (Van Horn, 1999). However,
there are reasons, other than financial, to maintain a significant volunteer workforce. In order to do
this, traditional recruitment and retention strategies must be reformed to address the current issues
and barriers of the 21st Century. By recreating best strategies, Extension personnel can combat the
issue and ensure the success of 4–H Youth Development

Masters Of Their Own Destiny Summary
Masters of Their Own Destiny is the story told by Mosses Coady of the Antigonish movement of
adult education through economic cooperation. The book is a personal account written by Coady to
tell the story of the efforts in educating people and assisting them to become masters of their own
economic destiny. The book provides an historical overview of development and work that went into
developing the cooperative Antigonish Movement, and describes in great detail the role of the St.
Francis Xavier University's (SFXU) extension department in Nova Scotia to inform and educate the
masses on their cooperative rights and obligations between the late 1920s and later 1950s. Through
his text, Coady highlights how popular education and community organizations ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Coady on the Antigonish Movement and the development of the Extension Program at St. Francis
Xavier University. I thought that the text effectively illustrated importance of cooperative efforts of
educators, farmers, fishermen, and miners, in achieving social reform through education. The text
demonstrated the principles of the Antigonish Movement being that the learner is the most important
factor in the educative process and therefore, the university must be brought to the learner. As Coady
stated, "The educator must take men and groups of men where he finds them, and work with their
background, interests and capabilities" (Coady, 1939, pp.1). Throughout his text, Coady
demonstrates the failure of the current education and economic situations amongst the masses.
Alfred Fitzpatrick also spoke to this issue in his text based on the Frontier College, where he argued
for the increased efforts towards extending the university to all, as well as the need to bring higher
education to the masses through the decentralization of educational

Factors Influencing The Adoption Behavior Of Coffee Producers
Selected Explanatory Variables
A micro approach was used to analyze which factors influence the adoption behavior of coffee
producers with regard to SMPs. We considered farm and management characteristics, the
socioeconomic profile of producers as well social capital indicators. Table 1 presents the descriptive
statistics of the data collected.
Several factors that were considered are accepted as common predictors of agricultural adoption in
developing countries. However, three questions related to explanatory variables were not included in
the final questionnaire. Firstly, we did not consider access to bank loans because coffee farmers in
Mexico are mostly unable to obtain investment credit from lending institutions. Coffee producers
usually have the option of obtaining short term financing (cash advances) either from local traders
or from coffee cooperatives for those who are members. However, the availability of long term
credit has virtually disappeared making it difficult for producers to defer the costs of implementing
over several years (AMECAFE, 2009).
Secondly, land tenure arrangements were not factored into the model since the communal land
system in Mexico (ejidos) remains the dominant type of ownership especially in the rural areas of
the south (Brown, 2004). Households in the sampled area continue to work the land under this
traditional system and therefore the inclusion of a variable to capture tenure security could amount
to model misspecification.
Thirdly,

Competitive Advantage
WEMC FS#5–08
Strategies for Competitive Advantage
Cole Ehmke, M.S.
Extension Educator, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics
University of Wyoming
Overview
A competitive advantage is an advantage gained over competitors by offering customers greater
value, either through lower prices or by providing additional benefits and service that justify similar,
or possibly higher, prices. For growers and producers involved in niche marketing, finding and
nurturing a competitive advantage can mean increased profit and a venture that is sustainable and
successful over the long term. This fact sheet looks at what defines competitive advantage and
discusses strategies to consider when building a competitive advantage, as well as ways to ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There must be a compelling reason to buy; the product is great, the people love to provide service,
the buying experience is easy and fun, etc.
4. The ability to create a "buzz" around the product with aggressive and strategic marketing. Make
scarce marketing resources count. Do as much homework about your customers and their choices as
you can before investing your marketing dollars.
5. Deal–making skills to sell the product at the highest possible price given your market. It comes
down to your customers' perception of the value of your product and sometimes the power of your
personality. 6. The ability to keep developing new products to retain and build a customer base.
Consider gradual product development based on improvements to the current product line and sold
to the current customer base.
7. Deal–making skills to work with resource suppliers to keep costs low. Keeping costs lower than
competitors' and continuing to look for cost reductions even when the business is profitable is key.
8. The maturity to treat employees, suppliers and partners fairly and respectfully. Trust and respect
result in productivity increases in ways that may be difficult to see and quantify.
9. Superior location and/or promotion creating a connection between your product and where it can
be obtained. Studies have shown it can take seeing your product or name seven times before a
customer is ready to buy.
10. A steady source of business during both good economic

Effective Communication Essay
Paper Effective Communication Helena Herbert HCS/325 October 23, 2012 Brian Dufrene
Effective Communication "Communication is the process of sharing information, thoughts and
feelings between people through speaking, writing or body language. Effective communication
extends the concept to require that transmitted content is received and understood by someone in the
way it was intended" (Brown, 2011, para. 1). According to (University of Phoenix, 2012, 2010),
"Workplace trends within and outside of health care require employees to connect with an ever–
widening array of coworkers, consultants, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Long–term care involves providing a level of medical care that requires the expertise of skilled
practitioners to address the often multiple chronic conditions associated with older populations",
("Long–term care," August 18, 2012). Long–term care is provided in the client's home, in the
community, in assisted living facilities or in nursing homes. Long–term care is used and needed by
people of any age, but is more common needed for senior citizens, (Wikipedia (August 18, 2012)).
How does the Familiar Organization Currently Share Knowledge or Involve Employees in
Formulating Solutions to Problems Comfort Keepers Home Health Services has quarterly meetings
every three months which encourages the involvement of all employees, (CNA's, caregivers, and
office workers). All employees of Comfort Keepers are invited to share in the decision–making
process of the firm by participating in activities such as setting goals to better services for clients,
determining work schedules, and making suggestions. Another form of participation may involve
the employee's input on increasing each employee's responsibility or job enrichment. Quarterly
meeting also encourage the employees to form self–managed teams, quality circles, and soliciting
survey feedback to ensure each employee is giving their best in the household of the client

Difficulties Facing Minorities In Administrative Position
1. In most professions, White males remain tremendously represented in administrative positions.
Although this is not the case primarily for minorities racial groups (African Americans, Hispanic,
Asian, American Indians). In particular, what are some boundaries facing minorities males with
attaining leadership for positions in higher education. What are some challenges faced by the
universities achieving minorities in leadership? What are some known difficulties facing minorities
obtaining leaderships administrative positions? How can institutions of higher learning address this
issue moving forward to ensure that leadership position has true parity and inclusion?
2. Over past few years, discussions have centered on initiatives to increase

Industry Analysis: the Five Forces
Purdue extension EC–722 Industry Analysis: The Five Forces Cole Ehmke, Joan Fulton, and Jay
Akridge Department of Agricultural Economics Kathleen Erickson, Erickson Communications Sally
Linton Department of Food Science Overview Assessing Your Marketplace The economic structure
of an industry is not an accident. Its complexities are the result of long–term social trends and
economic forces. But its effects on you as a business manager are immediate because it determines
the competitive rules and strategies you are likely to use. Learning about that structure will provide
essential insight for your business strategy. Michael Porter has identified five forces that are widely
used to assess the structure of any industry. Porter's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Reducing the Bargaining Power of Suppliers Most businesses don't have the resources to produce
their own inputs. If you are in this position, then you might consider forming a partnership with your
supplier. This can result in a more even distribution of power. For instance, Dell Computer uses
partnering with its components suppliers as a key strategy to be the low–cost/high–quality leader in
the market. This can be mutually beneficial for both supplier and buyer if they can: Reduce
inventory costs by providing just–in–time deliveries, Enhance the value of goods and services
supplied by making effective use of information about customer needs and preferences, and Speed
the adoption of new technologies. Another option may be to increase your power by forming a
buying group of small producers to buy as one large–volume customer. If you have the resources,
you may choose to integrate back and produce your own inputs by purchasing one of your key
suppliers or doing the production yourself. Factors Affecting the Bargaining Power of Suppliers
Suppliers have the most power when: The input(s) you require are available only from a small
number of suppliers. For instance, if you are making computers and need microprocessors, you will
have little or no bargaining power with Intel, the world's dominant supplier. The inputs you require
are unique, making it costly to switch suppliers. If you use a certain enzyme in a

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