Caring For The Client With Post Cardiac Trauma Syndrome

Caring For The Client With Post Cardiac Trauma Syndrome
Caring for the Client with Post–Cardiac Trauma Syndrome
Post–cardiac trauma syndrome has gone by many names over the past sixty years including: postpericardiotomy syndrome, post–traumatic pericarditis,
post–myocardial infarction syndrome, and Dressler's syndrome. The first case was described by Dressler after a myocardial infarction in 1956. This
syndrome can occur after any type of injury to the pericardium and results in cardiac injury that can lead to further complications. It is important for all
nurses to know the signs, symptoms, and treatment of this syndrome in order to provide the best care to their clients. The following report will provide
a thorough description of post–cardiac trauma syndrome with an emphasis on the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One study showed that younger patients are more at risk for developing post–cardiac trauma syndrome. Some physicians think this may be due to the
difference in immune response between the young and old (Alraies, 2014). There is not an exact time frame that post–cardiac trauma syndrome
follows, it can occur weeks or even months after the cardiac trauma and can last from a few weeks to over six months.
Signs and Symptoms
There is not a specific definition to diagnose post–cardiac trauma syndrome; however, the consensus among investigators is that the patient needs to
meet 2 out of 5 criteria to make a diagnosis. These criteria are: fever without infection one week post event, pericardial friction rub, new or worsening
pericardial effusion, pleuritic chest pain, and new or worsening pleural effusion (Alraies, 2014).
Fever without infection. The client may have a fever as part of the body's immune response to the antigens in the cardiac muscle. The signs and
symptoms of a fever may include sweating, shivering, headache, muscle aches, dehydration, fatigue, or confusion. Fever is a sign of infection so lab
tests, like blood and urine analysis, would need to be performed to rule out infection.
Pericardial friction rub. A pericardial friction rub occurs when the pericardium becomes inflamed and rubs together causing a sound that can be heard
when listening to the client's heart.
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Cardiac Muscle Structure
Structure The cardiac muscle is only found in the heart. This muscle had one nucleus and is an involuntary striated muscle. Cardiac muscle also
contains intercalated disc, which acts as a junction between the two muscle cells in order to communicate. Also, the cell contains no motor nerve
terminals. The extracellular calcium ions and the cells of the heart act as a stimulus allowing it to contract via electrical impulse. The cardiomyocytes
/ myocardiocyteal muscle cells and the one nucleus makes up the cardiac muscle. Skeletal muscles are the muscles that are under the control of the
somatic nervous system (voluntary) and are striated. Also they have many nuclei and are triggered into motion via electrical impulses from the motor
neuron terminals connected to the muscle fibres. These motor neurons are coordinated by the central nervous system and are networked. A bundle of
collagen fibres known as tendons is usually attached to bones of the muscle. The muscle is made up of individual components known as myocytes.
These are made up of myofibers.
Role The main role of the cardiac muscle is to keep the heart beating. The muscle has a large number of mitochondria and numerous myoglobins
because the muscle is different to other muscle cells as it never gets tired and it is to provide a good blood supply. ... Show more content on
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Negative feedback is important in regulating hormone levels in the blood. There are three groups of hormones: steroid hormones including sex
hormones, amino acid derivatives like epinephrine and peptide hormones like insulin. Exocrine glands are named apocrine gland, meocrine gland and
holocrine gland. In the apocrine glands, a portion of the plasma membrane buds off the cell, containing the secretion. In the holocrine glands, the entire
cell disintegrates to secret its substances. In the merocrine glands, the cells secrete their substances by

The Effects Of Different Stresses On Frog Cardiac Muscle
Effects of Different Stresses on
Frog Cardiac Muscle
Brett Cashion
Laboratory Partners: Michael Comisac, Haylee Kaushaar, Jessica Self, and Kaitlyn Strosnider
April 22, 2015
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences
California University of PA
BIO 318, Human Physiology
Introduction: The heart is made up of cardiac muscles that are striated, involuntary, and contains intercalated disks which consist of gap junctions that
send electrical signals to the heart. In order for contraction to occur in the heart, action potentials have to first move through the T–tubules to the L–type
calcium channels. The calcium used here is not used for contraction. From there, more calcium comes in from outside the cell and binds with ryanodine
receptor which causes the actual contraction of the heart. Next, cross bridge cycling occurs and in order for contraction to end, calcium is decreased by
using ATP pumps to pump the calcium to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In the heart, the heartbeat is maintained by the pacemaker cells in the SA node.
For it to maintain its heart rate, the SA node is stimulated which causes an action potential to happen. The action potential goes quickly from the
top–down and it continues through the AV node. The AV node is another pacemaker in the cell but is slower than the SA node. It is also the only
pathway where action potential can move from the atria to the ventricle. From the AV node, it goes to the Bundle of His which then branches

Cardiac Hypertrophy Research Paper
Cardiac Hypertrophy
This paper will discuss Cardiac Hypertrophy. There are two types that will be discussed as far as the physiological and pathological hypertrophy,
which was taken from three articles discussed in class and other scholarly articles.
The heart is divided into four columns: Left and Right Arteries and the Left and Right Ventricles. The walls of the four chambers are made up of
the thick muscle (McMullen et al., 2007). There are two types of growth in the human body. Hypertrophy refers to the increase of the size of cells
that make the whole area larger. This is how cells grow through hypertrophic method. Secondly, Hyperplasia is the division of cells. This is when there
are low levels of cells being produced. The heart has ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Molecular distinction between physiological and Pathological caridiac Hypertrophy: experimental findings and Therapuetic strategies . Volumer 128
issue 1, pg 191–227. october 2010.
Ichihara, S., Senbonmatsu, T., Price, E., et al. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor is essential for left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis in chronic
angiotensin II–induced hypertension. Circulation. 2001; 104: 346–351.
McMullen, J.R., Jennings,G.L. Differences between Pathological and Physiological Cardiac Hypertrophy: novel therapeutic strategies to treat heart
failure. 2007, April;

Cardiac Conduction
Cardiac Conduction
To complete this worksheet, select:
Module: Distribution Activity: Animations Title: Cardiac Conduction
1.What is the function of the Conduction System? All cells must contract in a specific sequence. This sequence is determined by the pathway known as
the conduction system.
2.Cardiac cells are connective and autorhythmic. What does this mean? Connective cells, action potentials, (excitatory signals) can propagate from one
cell to another via gap junctions. Autorhythmic cells can excite themselves spontaneously without stimulation of the nervous system and contract at a
regular rhythm.
3.Cells from different parts of the heart's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The signal moves quickly from the SA node through the atria where it experiences a slight delay when it reaches the AV node and it must pass into
fibers with smaller diameters. The signal then quickly resumes along its path through the AV bundle branches apex and base of the ventricles
contraction begins.
7.What happens at each of the following points of a normal ECG?
P – Atrial excitation (atrial depolarization).
QRS – Ventricular excitation (ventricular depolarization).
T – End of ventricular excitation (ventricular repolarization).
8.Contrast a healthy heart ECG with an abnormal one in which ventricular excitation is independent of atrial excitation (P waves). The sequence of

depolarization and repolarization can be seen in a normal electrocardiogram usually called the ECG. The electrocardiogram can also show problems
with the conduction system. Look at this trace showing complete heart block by comparing the QRS waves to the P waves. You can see that
ventricular excitation is independent of atrial excitation. The pace of ventricular excitation is being sent by the ventricles slower natural rhythm not by
stipulation from the SA node atria.
9.Contrast the resting potential of typical myocardial cells with that of SA nodaL cells. A typical contractile cell in the

Cardiac Dysrhythmias : Medical Careers
Eduardo Cardenas
Cardiac Dysrhythmias: Supraventricular Tachycardia
N254: Medical Surgical Nursing II
Mr. Decker
Medical Careers Institute
Date of Submission
1/7/2016
Cardiac Dysrhythmias: Supraventricular tachycardia
Supraventricular tachycardia is increase in heart rate over 150 bpm due to do the over firing or redirected firing of the SA Node conduction above the
ventricles. With supraventricular tachycardia the patient can have an abrupt onset and termination of rhythm, flattened or retrograde conduction P
waves and narrow QRS waves specifically less than 0.08 second (Kyle, 2012).
Clinical Manifestations and Pathophysiology The clinical manifestations of supraventricular tachycardia are palpitations, dizziness, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The nurse should also palpate pulses, noting rate, regularity, amplitude, and symmetry. This is done to differentiate in equality, rate, and regularity of
pulses that are indicative of the effect of altered cardiac output on systemic or peripheral circulation (Vera, 2013). Another nursing management is to
monitor vital signs. Assess adequacy of cardiac output and tissue perfusion, noting significant variations in BP/pulse rate equality, respirations, changes
in skin color, temperature, and level of consciousness. The rationale although not all dysrhythmias are life–threatening, immediate treatment may be
required to terminate dysrhythmia in the presence of alterations in cardiac output and tissue perfusion (Vera, 2013).
The nurse should also administer supplemental oxygen as indicated, Insert and maintain IV access, reduce patient stimulation, tell the patient to splash
cold water on their face, or to do a vagal movement to help decrease heart rate (Kyle, 2012). Adenosine (Adenocard) is the drug of choice of to treat
supraventricular tachycardia if vagal maneuvers have not worked due to its short half–life and minimal side effects. Other medications that can be used
to suppress supraventricular tachycardia can be

Cardiac Rhabdomyomatous Dysplasia in a Heifer Essays
Summary
This report is about an incidental finding during slaughter inspection of the heart in a heifer from a feedlot. The lesion, studied by histopathology and
immunohistochemistry, resulted composed by several types of heart tissues, all of them immature, disordered and, out of proportion. The most
conspicuous was a disperse population of large, vacuolated and PAS positive cells, forming islands, enmeshed in excessive fibrous connective tissue.
These cells were identified as abnormal Purkinje fiber–like cells, known as spider cells which resulted markedly positive to desmin, and negative for
vimentin, smooth muscle О±–actin and myogenin factor 4. Based on characteristic changes and immunoreactivity, the lesion was originally classified ...
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Therefore, we sustain the opinion that, in this kind of lesions the common denominator is a congenital dysplasia and propose the term
rhabdomyomatous dysplasia for this kind of lesions in the heart.
Key words: rhabdomyoma, hamartoma, dysplasia, heart, bovine
During the red offal inspection in an abattoir for slaughter bovines, an alteration inside the right free ventricular wall in a heart was recognized.
The affected heart belonged to a commercial cross heifer from a feedlot. The heart was condemned and the lesion was trimmed for subsequent
examination. Apart from a congested liver that passed inspection, other lesions were not recognized in the carcass. The official veterinarian thought
that the heart lesion could be a scar. Two samples fixed by immersion in 10% buffered formalin, were submitted to the pathology lab. The samples
were processed routinely, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 4 Вµm and stained by H&E. Furthermore, special stains such as PAS, Masson
trichrome, and Giemsa were carried out. Macroscopically the lesion was whitish to grayish, more obvious from the endocardial side and not well
defined at edges. The lesion was rhomboidal with dimensions 4 cm width and 5 cm long. The lesion was smooth on surface, mobile and extensible as
part of myocardium. The myocardium affected was almost entirely the whole wall, including papillary muscles and

Informative Speech On Cardiac Arrest
Yearly, 10s of countless Americans make it through heart attack, get back to function and drink a typical life. You have every need to be confident of
a complete recovery. Your heart is healing and also with each passing day you'll get more powerful and also a lot more active.
The adhering to inquiries and also responses will assist you a lot better recognize exactly what has occurred to you and also how you get started on the
road to recovery.
Your heart muscle mass requires oxygen to make it through. Acardiac arrest occurs when the blood circulation that brings oxygen to the heart muscle
mass is significantly reduced or removed entirely (View an animation of blood circulation). Due to the fact that coronary arteries that supply the heart
muscular tissue with blood flow could gradually end up being narrow from a build–up of fat, cholesterol as well as other elements that with each other
are called cavity enducing plaque, this occurs. This sluggish procedure is referred to as atherosclerosis. When a plaque in a heart artery breaks, a
blood clot forms around the oral plaque buildup. This blood clot can obstruct the blood flow via the heart muscular tissue. When the heart muscle is
starved for oxygen and nutrients, it is called ischemia. When harm or fatality of part of the heart muscle takes place as a result of ischemia, it is
called a cardiac arrest or coronary infarction (MI). Concerning every 34 secs, somebody in the United States has a heart attack (cardiovascular disease).
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The network of broadened vessels is called collateral blood circulation as well as helps secure some people from cardiac arrest by obtaining required
blood to the heart. Collateral flow could additionally create after a heart attack to help the heart muscle

Historical Perspectives Of The Treatment Of Cardiac...
"HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES OF THE TREATMENT OF CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA"
INTRODUCTION:
The contraction and relaxation of the heart is represented in the form of electrical signals in electrocardiogram. Normally the depolarisation of SA node
present in the right atrium of the heart is helpful in determining the heart rate of a person. SA node i.e. the sino atrial node is called the natural
pacemaker of the heart. The electrical signal produced by the SA node starts the first beat, it causes the atria to contract and then these signals arrive
AV node which allows ventricles to contract causing the blood to flow throughout the body. The normal rate at which heart beats is 60 to 100 beats per
minute. Any changes in this rhythm cause cardiac ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Tilt Table Test: The heart rate and blood pressure is measured while lying on the table and then the table is tilted and doctor monitors the heart activity.
Electrophysiological testing and mapping: Electrodes are placed in the heart and mapping of the electrical signals within the heart is done. (Scott C.
Litin, October 6 2009)
TREATMENT:
For bradycardia generally an artificial pacemaker is used which implanted near your heart so when the heart slows down or stops pacemaker generates
impulses in order to stimulate the heart.
For tachycardia generally a pacemaker is used which emits impulses for the normal functioning of the heart. In this condition implantable cardioverter
defibrillator is also used.
It is recommended only when the patient is at high risk. When there occurs sudden cardiac arrest then this implantable device sends low or high
impulses to reset the heart so as to beat in normal rhythm. Many surgical procedures like maze procedure in which doctors make an incision in the
cardiac tissues and thus they does not conduct electricity and which results in lowering down of the heart rate, another surgical procedure involved is
cardiac bypass surgery, this is performed when there are many other coronary artery problems other than arrhythmia. Minor tachycardia can also be
controlled by medication. (Scott C. Litin,

Sudden Cardiac Death By Ghanshyam Patel
Ghanshyam Patel, EMPL ID: 23591518
CHSS Research Paper
SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH
Author: Ghanshyam Patel
MBBS, MPH
EMPL Id: 23591518, Ghanshyam.patel18@sphmail.cuny.edu
FROM,
CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy,
55 West 125th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
Abstract:
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is major public health problem. SCD continues to be one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, with an annual
incidence estimated at 250000 to 300000 in the United States and with the vast majority occurring in the setting of coronary disease and other cardiac
events. I performed the systematic review of journal article ranging from 2006 to 2016 with appropriate information related to sudden cardiac death and
related consequences, the context of problem and related solution. SCD is so immediate that detailed study should be performed to understand and to
review in better depth with screening evaluation and permanent treatment.
Objective is to summarize published sudden cardiac death information literature and article with valid information and to understand extend of issue
with available options for solution.
Conclusion: The sudden cardiac death is tragic event to happen. Many research had been published and new content comes nearly every year, but
existing research related to it is weak. Future research efforts should be directed for developing new policy changes and social aspect of this situation.
The prevention measurement with genetic evaluation

Cardiac Muscles
The human body consist of 680 skeletal muscles. The name of a muscle can distinguish its location, action, shape, and function. One such example is
the biceps brachii, which is commonly referred to as biceps. As the name implies, this is a two–headed muscle. The term biceps brachii is a Latin
phrase that means, "two–headed muscle of the arm." This is references to the fact that the muscle consists of two bundles of muscles. Each of these
bundles has its own origin and share a common insertion point near the elbow joint. The biceps brachii muscle is the one that gave all muscles their
name because it comes from the Latin, musculus, meaning, "little mouse.". This originated because the appearance of the flexed biceps resembles the
back of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The name of the muscle comes from Latin, meaning, "Three–headed arm muscle." This muscle is sometimes called the three–headed muscle because
there are three bundles of muscles and each has a different origin and join together at the elbow. The triceps is an extensor muscle of the elbow and its
function is to fixate the elbow joint when the forearm and hand are used for fine movements, such as writing. The triceps can function through either
isolation or by compound extension movements.
The quadriceps femoris, most commonly referred to as quadriceps, comes from Latin, which means, "four–headed muscle of the femur." These are
large muscle groups that include the four prevailing muscles on the front of the thigh. Quadriceps are also divided into four portions, or heads, hence
from the Latin origins. The quadriceps are powerful extensors of the knee joint. These muscles are crucial for walking, running, jumping, and squatting.
The skeletal muscles are one of three major muscles types. As the name implies, these muscles are attached to bones by bundles o collagen fibers that
are known as tendons. Skeletal muscles are made up of individual components that are known as muscle cells. These muscles have the appearance of
long cylinders. The basic function is responsible for skeletal muscles to

Cardiac Muscle
Structure, shape and size of cells
Cardiac muscle is involuntary because the heart works all the time and never gets fatigued unlike skeletal muscle which is voluntary because it is used
for body movement such as sitting, walking and lifting. Skeletal muscle differs from cardiac muscle as it is multinucleated compared with cardiac
muscle that is uninucleated. This means skeletal muscle have more than one nucleus and cardiac muscle has one nucleus in the muscle cells. Also,
cardiac muscle has semi–spindle shape–like cells compared to skeletal muscle which has cylindrical shaped–like cells. Cardiac muscle has a good blood
supply in contrast to skeletal muscle that has well– supplied nerve and blood vessels. Furthermore, cardiac muscle has 3

Sudden Cardiac Death Information Literature
Ghanshyam Patel, EMPL ID: 23591518
CHSS Research Paper
Instructor: Dr. Christian Grov
SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH
Author: Ghanshyam Patel
MBBS, MPH
EMPL Id: 23591518, Ghanshyam.patel18@sphmail.cuny.edu
FROM,
CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy,
55 West 125th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
Abstract:
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is major public health problem. SCD continues to be one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, with an annual
incidence estimated at 250000 to 300000 in the United States and with the vast majority occurring in the setting of coronary disease and other cardiac
events. I performed the systematic review of journal article ranging from 2006 to 2016 with appropriate information related to sudden cardiac death and
related consequences, the context of problem and related solution. SCD is so immediate that detailed study should be performed to understand and to
review in better depth with screening evaluation and permanent treatment.
Objective is to summarize published sudden cardiac death information literature and article with valid information and to understand extend of issue
with available options for solution.
Conclusion: The sudden cardiac death is tragic event to happen. Many research had been published and new content comes nearly every year, but
existing research related to it is weak. Future research efforts should be directed for developing new policy changes and social aspect of this situation.
The prevention

Sudden Cardiac Arrest Research Paper
Sudden cardiac arrest
What is cardiac arrest?
Sudden Cardiac arrest is when the heart's electrical system starts malfunctioning and beats in a useless rhythm causing the victim to become
unconscious and to stop breathing almost immediately.
Sudden Cardiac arrest is the leading cause of death in the United States, killing around 325,000 people a year.
It is also estimated that around 95 percent of victims die before being able to receive help.
Signs / symptoms
The symptoms of cardiac arrest are suddenly collapsing, losing consciousness, losing the ability to breath, and losing the pulse in your heart. Signs of
possibly having Cardiac arrest in the future include feeling chest pain, dizziness, or shortness of breath frequently.
Treatment

Similarities And Differences Between The Cardiac And...
This table shows the similarities and differences between the cardiac and skeletal muscle. One of the main similarities is the fact both muscles are
categorized as striated muscles. Striations are the main key to identifying the skeletal and cardiac muscle. The striated muscles are attached to the bone
of the cells in which they produce all the movement in the body. Another similarity is that they can be electrically conducted because they both contain
t–tubules. The t–tubules are the plasma membrane of both muscles. They allow depolarization of the membranes which then penetrate into the cell.
They are both resistant to fatigue, especially the cardiac muscle due to the large amount of mitochondria is contains. However the skeletal muscle ...
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Both of these muscles expand and contract as they have complex structures so it is essential how they do this. The cardiac muscle needs the
contractions to occur in order to pump blood out of the atria and into the ventricles and round the circulatory system so the structure of this muscle
shows the systole of the heart. The contractions of the skeletal muscle also depend on its structure. The binding and releasing of two strands of
sarcomere is how the repeated pattern of contractions occurs. ATP is used to prepare myosin for binding to allow the contractions to happen. The
skeletal and cardiac muscle also both has elasticity. The elasticity is used to restore the muscles back to their original lengths which enable them to
resume back to their original length once they have contracted and been stretched.
As well as the skeletal and cardiac muscle having many similarities, they also have differences. The main difference is the location of these two
muscles. The cardiac muscle is found in the walls of the heart however the skeletal muscle is attached to the bone by tendons. This is because they
have different functions. The skeletal muscle needs to be attached to the bones as its function is to produce movement of the body and the cardiac
muscle is to pump blood around the body.
Another difference is the fact they have different lengths, the skeletal muscle is much longer than the cardiac muscle. This is because when cell

Cardiac Arrest Research Paper
The sudden cardiac arrest is a growing healthcare problem in many growing nations. According to the survey done by blah blah 1878 out of hospital
cardiac arrest. Such deaths are frequently related to cardiac arrhythmias. Among the different arrhythmia, the ventricular tachyarrhythmia is
life–threatening and need an immediate diagnosis. If such lethal arrhythmias can be detected early, it could save the life of one–third patient suffering
from them. The most common out of hospital devices that are used to restore back the normal signals are AEDs, ICDs, and WCD's. If a device
detects VF a strong is send to restore the normal signal. IF VT is detected a milder shock is sent to restore a normal signal. AEDs are portable devices
that are found

The Possibly Detrimental Effects of Cardiac Arrhythmia
Cardiac arrhythmia is defined as, "a condition in which the heart's normal rhythm is disrupted" (Scholarpedia). A heart usually beats anywhere from
60 to 100 times a minute. If there is a palpation or a fluttering rarely, the person should usually be fine. If these occur more often or on a frequent
manner, this cardiac arrhythmia could be very severe (Hopkinsmedicine). The hearts electrical system is what controls the speed and pace of the
heartbeat (NHLBI,NIH). Sinoatrial node or SA node is located in the right atrium and controls the rhythm of the heart. The SA node is cardiac muscle
cells, and it acts as a pacemaker. Sinus rhythm is the regular heart rhythm (Scholarpedia). Atrial tachycardia is when the heart beats too fast. On the
other hand, bradycardia is when the heart beats too slowly. The heart can also beat irregularly (Hopkinsmedicine). The electrical signal goes from
the SA node to the left and right atria. This allows the atria to pump and contract blood to the ventricles. Then, the signal goes to the atrioventricular
or AV node. The electrical signal slows down here, so the ventricles have time to fill themselves with blood. After the AV node, the electrical signal
goes to the bundle of His, where the signal is eventually transported to the ventricles. In this phase, the signal causes the ventricles to contract and
pump blood to the lungs and the other parts of the body (NHLBI, NIH). The reason I described this whole process was for the reader to

Comparing Cardiac Muscle And Brain Tissue
1) Comparing and contrasting cardiac Muscle tissue (figure a) and brain tissue (figure d)
Commonalities in the structures and functions of muscle tissue and brain tissue
In cardiac muscle, a single nucleus is located in the middle of each fibre. The brain tissue also has a nucleus which is located in the middle of cell
body. The cardiacmuscle and brain tissue don't have the exact same function. The cardiac muscle and the brain tissue don't work together because the
cardiac muscle doesn't takes any instructions from the brain tissue (Neurones). This means that the cardiac muscle contracts automatically.
Differences in the structures, functions and location of muscle tissue and brain tissue
The cardiac muscle consists of long branched fibres. Whereas, the brain tissue has spider web like structure. The cardiac muscle cell are made up of
fibres. The function of cardiac muscle is to help the heart to pump blood. The function of brain tissue is to send messages to and from the brain. The
cardiac muscle is present inside the heart. However, the brain tissue is located inside brain.
2) Comparing and contrasting loose Connective tissue (figure c) and simple cuboidal epithelial tissue (figure b)
Commonalities in the structures and functions of loose connective tissue and simple cuboidal epithelial tissue
The cells in simple cuboidal epithelium have a nucleus. The cells in loose connective tissue also have nuclei. Although the loose connective tissue and
simple cuboidal

Cardiac Muscle Cells
Your heart beats approximately 100,000 times a day to circulate 7570 liters of blood.
Cardiac muscle cells are called Cardiomyocytes. These cells are equipped with specialized organelles such as myofibrils, mitochondria, the
sarcoplasmic reticulum for storage and release of calcium and the sarcolemma which is a membrane that encloses each muscle cell.
Cardiomyocytes have a tremendous amount of mitochondria present inside the cell compared to many other cells, this gives the cardiomyocyte the
ability to be highly resistant to fatigue. Whereas skeletal muscle cells can fatigue much easier.
Cardiomyocytes are very flexible as they shorten and lengthen to perform the mechanical function of a beating heart.
The Cardiomyocytes are equipped with

Disparities In Cardiac Arrest
The lack or delay in appropriate treatment for individuals who experience a sudden cardiac arrest has created a major public health disparity. Research
into pre–hospital treatment and subsequent implementation has historically seen neglect by the medical and scientific community creating vast
differences in survivability of cardiac arrests between demographic groups. In 2010, the American Heart Association and Emergency Cardiovascular
Care program developed the 2020 impact goal to reduce death from cardiovascular disease and stroke by 20% and double out–of–hospital cardiac arrest
(OHCA) survival rates (http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/121/4/586#sec–1). This has prompted a massive influx of research into the disparities that
exist and an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Due to numerous etiologies that will lead to cardiac arrest there is a potential for variable mortality reporting and therefore it is conceivable this
number is misrepresented. A more accurate estimation of the burden of cardiac arrests can be elucidated from ROC data where the incidence of
EMS–treated OHCA was found to be 73.0 individuals per 100,000 population (95% CI, 71.2–74.7) for adults and 7.3 per 100,000 population (95% CI,
6.3–8.3) for children <18 years old (heart disease and stroke). As compared to an overall incidence rate, individuals who have received treatment by
EMS have the most potential for survival as this excludes arrest events where signs of obvious death were present, or a DNR was in place. An
Oregon–based study extrapolated a national risk–adjusted incidence of sudden cardiac death, due to a cardiac etiology to be 60 per 100,000 population
(95% CI, 54–66) with a premature death burden for men of 2.04 million (95% CI, 1.86 – 2.23 million) and women 1.29 million years of potential life
lost (95% CI, 1.13 – 1.45 million). (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24610738). The CARES data report from 2005–2010 provides insight into
the demographics of OHCA due to cardiac etiologies and their survival rates (see table 1). Mean socioeconomic status of the region was found to be a
significant indicator of increased incidence of sudden cardiac arrest, with a two– to fourfold greater incidence in regions in the lowest economic
quartile compared to the highest quartile in the US among people less than 65 years old (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3193117/).
The previous studies do not allow for a complete representation of the mortality that results from cardiac arrest due to selective populations studied.
There is a clear necessity for

Cardiac Arrest Essay
The process of resuscitating a patient after cardiac arrest depend on what type of dysthymia they are presenting with. The first action that the nurse
should take is check for the patients' consciousness. If the patient is unresponsive and the nurse cannot feel a pulse, usually the carotid pulse, the nurse
should initiate a code without leaving the patients side. After initiating the code the nurse should start compressions. Compressions are a one–person
job until additional help arrives. Once additional help arrives that person should manage the patients airway by performing a head–tilt or chin–lift
maneuver to use the bag–mask device to administer 100% O2, (15 L O2 ). When we use the bag–mask device we want to make sure that it is covering
the patients nose and mouth to ensure proper... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If there is enough people to participate in the code two people can oxygenate the patient, one can hold the mask in place while the other provides the
breaths. To defibrillate a patient two pads are placed in the patient. One of the pads is placed left side under the nipple and the other above the patients'
right nipple. If the patient is in v–fib or pulseless v–tach the patient should be defibrillated as soon as possible at around 120–200 joules. Before the
patient is shock we want to make sure that everyone is clear by saying, " I'm clear, your clear, we are all clear shocking in 3,2,1. Shocked deliver!)
Also we want to remove the bag–mask away from the patient and place it by the way every time the patient is shock to prevent explosions. Every two
minutes the person giving compressions should be switched. After shocking the patient we can administer medications, but first we want to make sure
that the patient has an IV or I/O access. The medication that we can administer first is 1mg of epinephrine followed by 20cc of normal saline or sterile
water. Throughout this the patient is still receiving high quality compressions. The recorder makes sure that the patients' heart

Running Head : Cardiac Arrest
Running head: Cardiac Arrest
Cardiac Arrest
Dylan Noble
Utah Valley University
Captain Steve Allred
Paramedic 3110 Intro
"Each year, 326,200 people in the U.S. experience EMS–assessed out–of–hospital non–traumatic sudden cardiac arrest, and nine out of ten victims
die." (www.sca–aware.org 1) This number may seem quite low, but in the end one out of ten lives saved is still better than none.
This paper will be going over a scenario involving a real patient and what things could have been different with EMS care. It will also be covering what
exactly cardiac arrest is and what rhythms produce it. And for every cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest, there is a specific treatment plan paramedics can
follow.
Scenario
The day started off normally. I got to the station early at 0645 and started to talk to some of the guys working. There were a couple guys I just met
that day. Then I started to get all my stuff ready for the day. I put all my gear on the ambulance and started on the daily checks for our rig. The
daily checks consist of checking the lights and sirens, fluids, and making sure all our supplies are in the compartments and in the bags. As I started
going through the monitor bag with the electrocardiogram (EKG), we get a call to a male in his 40's unresponsive and not breathing. Everyone
jumped into the rigs and we rushed off to the scene code three. We were en route to a residence to the south. When we arrived we looked for the
address but it did not

Cardiac Arrest Medical Case Scenarios
CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES and STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR CARDIAC ARREST IN INPATIENT CARDIAC
SURGERY PATIENTS
POLICY and PROCEDURE FOR MANAGEMENT OF CARDIAC ARREST PATIENTS POST
–CARDIAC SURGERY
PURPOSE: To provide guidelines for staff caring for Inpatient Cardiac Surgery population requiring advanced life support duringcardiac arrest events.
SCOPE: All nursing personnel who have been oriented to and/or care for Cardiac Surgery population. All attending Cardiothoracic Surgery Physicians
currently practicing and providing surgical care within Brooke Army Medical Center. All Trauma Surgery Physicians currently practicing/providing
surgical care to include nightly on–call rotations.
I. POST–CARDIAC SURGERY–CARDIAC ARREST PATIENT... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Staff should begin setting up for emergent resternotomy once cardiac arrest is noted. Goal is to have chest opened within 5 minutes. Please verify the
physician performing resternotomy is aware of procedure patient had done (high risk for graft detachment with retractors). Internal cardiac massage is
preferable and more efficient than external cardiac massage (should only be performed by trained physicians with two–hand technique).
g. If patient paced prior to cardiac arrest with functioning epicardial pacing wires and the rhythm shows PEA with paced rhythm, the pacing spikes may
be masking Ventricular Fibrillation. Detach pacing wires from pacemaker to assess underlying rhythm.
h. For severe bradycardia, Atropine can be given per AHA protocol.
i. Epinephrine should be witheld unless ordered by Cardiac Surgeon (Severe Hypertension with Return of Spontaneous Circulation– ROSC).
j. During external cardiac massage with intra–aortic balloon pump (IABP) in place, change trigger to "pressure." If prolonged period without cardiac
massage, change trigger to "internal" at rate of 100 BPM.
V. POST–CARDIAC SURGERY–CARDIAC ARREST GUIDELINES: Intervention– Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA)

a. Do not delay external cardiac massage for any more than 1

Cardiac Arrest Research Paper
Cardiac arrest is another type of heart disease that may occur by a heart attack. It is the abrupt loss of heart function in a person who may or may not
have diagnosed a heart disease. The time for it is unexpected and instantly occurs. The term heart attack is not the same as cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest
is caused when the heart's electrical system malfunctions. This results in when the heart suddenly stops working.
Congestive heart failure is a fluid buildup in the lungs, live, gastrointestinal tract, and the limbs. It is a serious condition that occurs when a heart
cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. The heart has not stopped working, but the muscle is not strong enough to pump enough blood.
Majority of these cases are chronic conditions. The only cure for heart failure is a transplant. It is usually managed with medications, but must be
closely monitored.
Risk ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Heart disease is more prominent in African American women being the number one killer. African American women are less likely to be aware of
the education of heart disease than white women. Heart disease kills nearly 50,000 African American women annually. From ages 20 and older,
about 49 percent of women have heart disease. Less than half of the women know that heart disease is a health risk, but more than 52 percent are
aware of the signs and symptoms. However, men are at great risk for heart disease as well because about 44 percent of black men have heart disease.
African American men are at a 70 percent higher risk than white men. Early onset of heart disease means premature death, earlier disability, and higher
hospitalization cost. African Americans are among the highest in the world with high blood pressure. They develop high blood pressure earlier on in
life because of eating habits and high rates of obesity. But, why is it targeting African

A Study On The Cardiac Rhythm
Introduction: The electrocardiogram remains the single most important tool for interpretation of the cardiac rhythm. 1 It can be used to successfully
pick up conduction abnormalities, rhythm disturbances, possible myocardial ischemia, and a slew of other abnormalities that can be linked to
various cardiac or metabolic diseases. 1,2 ECGs can also be used as a preventive tool to screen for abnormalities early in the disease process. 3,4 In
1982, Italy passed a law that all individuals who want to compete in competitive sports undergo a clinical evaluation that included an assessment of
family history, person history, a physical exam, and an electrocardiogram. The bulk of the evaluation relied heavily on the ECG looking for any
abnormalities... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This program recruited community volunteers to perform the ECGs and were given a standardized training on how to correctly obtain one. The
ECGs were then interpreted by 6 cardiologists experienced in adolescent ECGs. Among the 32,561 screened, 2.5% had abnormal ECGs. The
importance of this study was to show that mass ECG screenings can be efficiently obtained and still yield quality results when assessing for risk
factors for SCA. This study reported that the cost per ECG was only $8.67, which is more proof of why ECG screening should become a
standardized preventive modality. ECGs can play an essential role in monitoring the status of a patient and for recognizing trends in the patients
progression. Fesmire et al5 reported that serial ECGs were more sensitive for evaluating acute myocardial infarctions (AMI) and acute coronary
syndrome (ACS) than an initial ECG. Serial ECGs were 68.1% more sensitive for identifying AMI compared to 55.4% using an initial ECG. For
ACS, serial ECGs were 34.2% more sensitive compared to 27.5% for an initial ECG. The purpose of this ECG workshop is to teach people to be
proficient at reading ECGs. The amount of information that an individual can obtain from an ECG can be extremely beneficial in helping with
diagnosis of patients or determining the proper treatment. This workshop will include hands on learning, lecture, and worksheets to help individuals
develop skills on recognizing variations on the

Cardiac Arrest And Cardiac Death
Sudden cardiac arrest is a condition in which the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating. When this occurs the blood flow stops to the brain
and vital organs. Sudden cardiac arrest is not the same as a heart attack or myocardial infarction. A heart attack is when the blood flow to part of the
heart is blocked.(ADD MORE)
Without early intervention on average 360,000 people out of the hospital succumb to cardiac arrest. " Cardiac arrest and sudden death account for 60
percent of all deaths from coronary artery disease",(Bledsoe, Porter, & Cherry, 2011,2007,2004, p. 1229) [Click and drag to move] There are several
causes of sudden cardiac arrest. Most are caused by ventricular fibrillation. "During ventricular fibrillation, the ventricles do not beat normally. Instead
they quiver rapidly and irregularly." When this occurs, the heart pumps very little and blood does not get circulated throughout the body. " Most of the
cases found with sudden cardiac death are related to undetected cardiovascular disease.("Sudden Cardiac Death," 2015, para. 2)Sudden cardiac arrest
are immediate and drastic that includes sudden collapse, no pulse, not breathing, and loss of consciousness. "Four rhythms produce pulseless cardiac
arrest: ventricular fibrillation, rapid ventricular tachycardia, pulseless electrical activity and asystole."("Circulation ," 2005, p. IV–58)Other signs and
symptoms that could occur prior to sudden cardiac arrest, include fatigue, fainting, blackouts, dizziness,

Research Paper On Cardiac Arrest
1)BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is a common cause of death in the United States. More than 350,000 cardiac arrests occur outside of a
hospital; the overall survival rate in these cases is 9.5% though it can vary greatly from community to community. The likelihood of surviving a
cardiac arrest depends on an efficient cardiac system of care. States like North Dakota and Montana face unique challenges in the delivery of an
efficient cardiac system of care to a small population spread across a large area. Long emergency medical service response times coupled with limited
human resources may affect patient outcomes. However, community initiatives improving the timeliness and the quality of the care delivered by the
cardiac system of care

Cardiac Arrhythmia Essay
The heart is one of the most important organs in an organism's body, no matter if they are aquatic, amphibian, or a mammal. This super organ works
automatically, able to pump massive amounts of oxygen rich blood through the body by means of electrical impulses and the opening and closing of
valves within its many layers. It is what keeps us and every other creature on this earth alive; so it is only natural for one to fear when there might be a
problem with one's heart. A cardiac arrhythmia can happen to anyone, no matter the age, race, or gender, and as such, doctors and scientist have spent
years trying to better understand the heart and the way it functions so that they can try to prevent these problems and save millions of lives. A ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, scientists have found that genetics also plays a role in cardiac arrhythmias and that in some cases patients have commented that they
had no symptoms before they succumbed to some form of episode of cardiac distress, like a sudden heart attack. This has proven to be standard for
many different forms of arrhythmias, whether it's due to genetics or not. One such case is the long QT syndrome (LQTS) which is estimated to
affect one in every 5000 people and is recognized as a family disorder, frequent in children during their childhood years (Wilde, and Bezzina
1352–1358.) Patients with this disorder can have symptoms of a fluttering heartbeat, shortness of breath, and chest pain, while other patients might not
experience any symptoms at all (Wilde, and Bezzina 1352–1358.) Another known disorder is cardiac conduction disease, which is mostly due to some
form of cardiac injury (Wilde, and Bezzina 1352–1358.) Symptoms for this

Cardiac Fibroblasts Research Paper
Human Cardiac Fibroblasts (HCFs) are the most prevalent cell type in the heart, comprising 60–70% of all cells. They play a central role in the
maintenance of the ECM in the normal heart and the synthesis of growth factors and cytokines. Under pathological conditions, cardiac fibroblasts are
involved in scar formation following myocardial infarction, cardiac fibrosis, and cardiac hypertrophy.
As mentioned previously, cardiac muscle includes involuntary striated muscle of the heart. Cardiomyocytes are the muscle cells that contract to propel
blood through the heart chambers, lungs, and circulatory vessels.
2.1.5BONE CELLS: OSTEOBLASTS, OSTEOCLASTS, AND OSTEOCYTES
Bone is a very dense, specialized form of connective tissue. Bone matrix is comprised ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The immune system includes innate and adaptive immune responses. The innate immune system acts as the first line of defense to rapidly and
nonspecifically respond to foreign pathogens. The adaptive or acquired immune system, however, responds to pathogens to create a long–term
immunological memory. As a result, the adaptive immune system can initiate a heightened response to subsequent exposures to the same pathogen and
provide a protective immunity. Leukocytes can be classified as neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils and mast cells, monocytes/macrophages, and

The Heart Of Cardiac Muscle Essay
INTRODUCTION The cardiac muscle, more commonly known as the heart muscle, is quite different from the more familiar know skeletal muscle.
Unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle is able to conduct its own electrical impulses allowing it to contract and relax spontaneously without being told
to by the brain or any other organ (Marieb, Mitchell, p. 512). This is due to the constant leakage of sodium ions into the mainly potassium filled cells
which then eventually lead to action potentials causing the heart to beat rhythmically (Mariev, Mitchell, p.512) this rhythm is more commonly referred
to as one's heartbeat. From this BIOPAC laboratory, the student(s) should learn how different stimuli will affect a restingheart rate. Due to the fact that
cardiac muscle is able to create action potentials on its own, a change in chemical, temperature, and ionic balance causes the heart to react differently
and change its rhythm of beats by either slowing down or speeding up. More specifically, by saturating the heart with histamine the heart rate should
speed up, while pilocarpine will cause the heart to substantially slow, and finally the addition of epinephrine will cause the resting heart rate to speed up.
MATERIALS ANDN METHODS
Activity 4: Chemical Agents MATERIALS
Dissecting Instruments and Tray
Disposable gloves and bag
Frog Ringer's solution with dropper
Frogs (double pithed by instructor)
Thread
(Marieb, Mitchell, p.511)
Activity 4: Chemical Agents METHOD Before

Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome Case Study
All patients' post–cardiac arrest has risks associated ICU level of care such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pneumonia, debilitation,
PE, depression, and so on. Post–cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) is a unique condition that is associated with CA. It is an umbellar term for the major
complications for complications that are directly associated with CA, which include brain injury, cardiac dysfunction, and systemic inflammatory
response (SIRS). Ischemia related injuries are the pathogenesis of all the complication. And, the physiological response these complications can
overlap. For instance, tachycardia can be caused by cardiac dysfunction and SIRS. Brain injuries are one of the major complications. It is the main
cause of disability

Cardiac Arrest And The Effects Of Epinephrine Essay
Cardiac Arrest and The Effects of Epinephrine in Pre–hospital Setting
Sudden cardiac arrest is a condition in which the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating. When this occurs the blood flow stops to the brain
and vital organs. Sudden cardiac arrest is not the same as a heart attack or myocardial infarction. Aheart attack is when the blood flow to part of the
heart is blocked.
Without early intervention on average 360,000 people out of the hospital succumb to cardiac arrest. " Cardiac arrest and sudden death account for 60
percent of all deaths from coronary artery disease",(Bledsoe, Porter, & Cherry, 2011,2007,2004, p. 1229)There are several causes of sudden cardiac
arrest. Most are caused by ventricular fibrillation. "During ventricular fibrillation, the ventricles do not beat normally. Instead they quiver rapidly and
irregularly." When this occurs, the heart pumps very little and blood does not get circulated throughout the body. " Most of the cases found with
sudden cardiac death are related to undetected cardiovascular disease.("Sudden Cardiac Death," 2015, para. 2)Sudden cardiac arrest are immediate and
drastic that includes sudden collapse, no pulse, not breathing, and loss of consciousness. "Four rhythms produce pulseless cardiac arrest: ventricular
fibrillation, rapid ventricular tachycardia, pulseless electrical activity and asystole."("Circulation ," 2005, p. IV–58)Other signs and symptoms that
could occur prior to sudden cardiac arrest, include fatigue,

The Cardiac Effects Of Intractable Seizures
The Cardiac Effects of Intractable Seizures in Children
Short running title: Heart and intractable seizures
1–Hatem H. El Shorbagy: (MD), Department of Pediatric–Faculty of Medicine– Menofia University–Egypt.
2– Naglaa M. Kamal: (MD), Department of Pediatric – Faculty of Medicine– Cairo University, Egypt.
3– Mostafa A.Salama: (MD), Department of Pediatric – Faculty of Medicine– Benha University– Faculty of Medicine– Egypt.
4– Ahmed A.Azab: (MD), Department of Pediatric– Faculty of Medicine– Benha University– Egypt.
5–Naglaa F. Barseem: (MD), Department of Pediatric–Faculty of Medicine– Menofia University–Egypt.
6– Mohamed M. Bassiouny: (MD), Department of Pediatric – Faculty of Medicine– Tanta University–Egypt.
7– Ibrahim A.Ghoneim: (MD), Department of clinical pathology– Faculty of Medicine– Al–azhar University– Egypt.
Corresponding author:
Hatem Hamed Elshorbagy.
Tel:00966567500908.
E.mail:shorbagy732000@yahoo.com.
The author to whom communication will be directed: Hatem Hamed Elshorbagy,
Tel:00966567500908.
Address Department of Pediatric, Menofia University
E.mail:shorbagy732000@yahoo.com.
Abstract
Objectives: We aimed to evaluate serum levels of heart–type fatty acid binding protein (H–FABP) during seizures compared to their interictal levels
and healthy controls and changes in heart rate (HR) and HR variability in epileptic children with intractable seizures.
Methods: We included 30 epileptic seizures in 25 children with intractable epilepsy and 30

Cardiac Arrest Victim
When not given CPR right away , the cardiac arrest victim may have no chance to survive until professional care providers arrive on the scene. On an
average it takes three to four minutes for the EMS to get there. It is most effective immediately after a victim's heart stops beating. According to The
American Heart Association(2017), "For each minute CPR is not performed the chance of survival decreases by 10%"(para.5). Saying that by the
time the EMS arrives to the scene that victim's chance of living decreased by 40%. For a bystander to perform CPR they would be getting the blood
pumping to the brain and other organs. If a cardiac arrest were to take place the victim may have chest pains then collapse or faint. By collapsing they
will go

Cardiac Muscle Vs Skeletal Muscle
Cardiac muscle tissue is a specialised muscle tissue that is only found in the heart. It is an involuntary muscle as it doesn't response to the needs of your
body, even though it's controlled by the brain. In contrast, to the skeletal muscle which is a voluntary muscle as the brain controls the movement but
you are aware of the movements.
The main function of the cardiac muscle is to pump blood around the body and essentially keep us alive. Whereas, the skeletal muscle has many basic
functions such as enabling you to move freely, postural support, and in heat and energy production. Thecardiac muscle has evolved to have incredibly
high strength and endurance because the heart beats powerfully and continuously throughout an entire lifetime

Cardiac Arrhythmias
Cardiac Arrhythmias occurs when the electrical impulses of the heart don't work properly, causing the heart to beat either too fast, too slow or irregular.
There a two different types of cardiac arrhythmias; supraventricular and ventricular. The supraventricular arrhythmias occur when electrical
abnormalities are generated in the sinoatrial node, atria, atrioventricular node, and the junctional tissue in the heart. The ventricular arrhythmias are
generated in the ventricular conduction system and the ventricle. Due to the fact the ventricle pumps blood to the heart, if the blood isn't pumped
effectively to the vital organs they can't function properly causing them to shut down and becoming damaged, causing ventricular arrhythmias to be
more

Cardiac Muscle Research Paper
Has anyone ever wondered what happens inside of the body? Or about cell really makes the human body work? The answer is cardiac muscle. This
is what really makes the body work. The cardiac muscle is located on the inner walls of the heart. It helps the heart pump blood to the rest of the body,
without it the body would die, that is why it is the imperative for a person's health..
The cardiac muscle is important because it is what keeps that person alive."The major function of cardiac muscle cells is to contract so as to enable the
heart to pump blood to all the parts of the body." The cardiac muscle is vital because it is what pumps all the blood to different places in the body.
Without the blood pumping, no one would be able to live. Another

Hypothermia Treatment Of Cardiac Arrest
Hypothermia for Cardiac Arrest
Introduction
Survivors of cardiac arrest often suffer from neurological damage when oxygen to the brain is depleted. This ischemia to the brain can cause lesions
or damaged areas; which can effect any part of the body that is controlled by that portion of the brain. Decreasing the body temperature of a patient has
shown to be effective in decreasing the amount of damage to the brain. Therapeutic hypothermia may be a reasonable treatment for patients following
cardiac arrest due to its ability to decrease the impact of ischemia; reducing the number of lesions to the brain and possibly reducing the patient
mortality rate. This paper will discuss the benefits, risks, and Mercy Hospital 's protocol for using therapeutic hypothermia following a cardiac arrest.
Article Summary One In the first article, "Caring for Patients Receiving Therapeutic Hypothermia Post Cardiac Arrest in the Intensive Care Unit",
Gardner and MacDonald state that decreasing the body temperature of a patient to 32В° to 34В° has shown improved outcomes during trials. This
treatment is intended for "patients who present with non–perfusing ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, are resuscitated to hemodynamic
stability, and remain unresponsive" (Gardner & MacDonald, p. 15). The article states that brain injury occurs when there is a loss of oxygen carrying
blood flow to the brain. This damage starts at the cellular level and leads to neurological dysfunction.

Cardiac Arrest
Getting Children Certified in CPR Cardiac arrest is one of the leading causes of death in adults each year, and 92% of cardiac arrest patients fail to
survive. These people that fall victim to cardiac arrest fail to survive because parents, children, co workers, fellow students, and other people you
associate with everyday lack the knowledge that it takes to give the victim the simple two step process of CPR. Learning CPR is easy to
comprehend, and does not take a lot of time to learn the and master the steps of CPR. Getting the knowledge of how CPR works and learning how to
effectively perform it is something we should be teaching students as early as we possibly can. A time where the students are ready and willing to
learn about the importance... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After somebody goes into cardiac arrest, you must call EMS services. This is a very serious thing and the life of the patient is at risk. But if you have
to wait for emergency medical technicians to arrive to start cardiopulmonary resuscitation, chances are you have waited too long to save your patient.
Cardiac arrest is a very time sensitive thing and if not treated for immediately, it could very well mean death for your patient. This is why quick and
effective bystander CPR is so important. The faster someone can get the patient started on CPR compressions and get an AED on the patient, it
will also give the automatic external defibrillator (AED) more time to send the electric shock to your heart and have it be more effective than if
somebody would have started the process of CPR later. Although the death of some people who go into cardiac arrest is inevitable, many more
lives could saved by if more bystanders knew how to perform CPR. In the article Inotropic Therapies in Asphyxiated Neonates: The Clinical and
Laboratory Facts, Chloe Joynt says, "If bystander CPR is not provided, a sudden cardiac arrest victim's chance of survival fall seven percent to ten
percent for every minute of delay until defibrillation. Few attempts at resuscitation are successful if CPR and defibrillation are not provided within
minutes of collapse.". If more people knew the signs and symptoms of cardiac arrest, more lives could be preserved. Also, it is very important that
CPR is given effectively. If bystander CPR is given immediately and effectively, it can double the victim's chance of survival. Most people get the
idea of how CPR works and the basic motions of it, but you also must know the correct timing and techniques that come with performing this skill.
CPR is not as helpful if you don't take a class to understand what you are supposed to be doing to the patient, and how what you are doing

Caring For The Client With Post Cardiac Trauma Syndrome

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