The Problem Of The Foreclosure Crisis

The Problem Of The Foreclosure Crisis
According to Desmond, Arleen is not alone in her dilemma. A great many Americans are being
evicted in light of the fact that they cannot pay the rent (Desmond, 2016,p 4). Like Arleen, many
poor families are spending the majority of their income on rent and utilities. In fact, using estimates
from The American Housing Survey (AHS), 1991–2013, Desmond finds that, in America, most poor
renting families use over half of their income on housing; and, roughly one quarter spend more than
70% of their income to pay rent and utilities (Desmond, 2016, p 4). Aside from the fact that Arleen's
monthly welfare stipend of $628 has remained stagnate for years, housing costs have soared. Due in
part to the foreclosure crisis, and the deluge of millennials into the rental market, the demand for
rental stock has risen.(Sisson, 2016). At the same time, escalating building and labor expenses, and
declining subsidies, have helped to slow new construction. Thus, demand for rental housing is
exceeding supply, resulting in escalating rent prices. Furthermore, the razing of older public housing
projects and defunding of government assisted housing has pushed poor families into the private
rental market (Sisson, Patrick may 19, 2016). As a result, most poor families in America today live
unassisted in the private housing market. In fact, in 2013, 67 percent of poor renter households did
not receive federal housing assistance (Desmond, Matthew, 2015). One day, Arleen stopped by the
Housing Authority
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Section 8 Housing Case Study
I chose to focus on the rent voucher/section 8 housing, because it is very common in my town and
the surrounding towns I grew up in. Section 8 housing was created to help those who could afford
housing, particularly for those who are low–income. Voucher housing better known as section 8
housing "allows low–income people to live in a private–market housing unit, the landlord, who is in
a contract with the government, is not allowed to take anymore than 30% of your income for rent"
(Palen, 255). "In 2000, there were more than 1.4 million families that lived in section 8 housing, but
many families could not find apartments that they could afford to qualify, because their income was
to high" (Palen, 255). Because of the lack of section 8 apartments "the Department of Housing and
Urban Development (HUD) has increased the amount of apartments open to receive section 8
housing" (Palen, 255). Although section 8 housing is very popular for developers and business
people, "many section 8 housing apartments have had many tough times because of dishonest
officials" (Palen, 255). The "construction of new low–income housing has seen its share of failures
in the past", which is why rent vouchers tend to be more common rather than building a whole low–
income housing unit that could ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Department of Housing and Urban development defines housing choice vouchers as, "a program
that is federally funded for assisting very low–income families, the elderly, and the disabled to
afford decent, safe, and sanitary housing in the private market" (Castro). This definition is very
similar to that of Palen's definition in the book, they both cover it being federally funded, but the
article goes into more detail on who can apply for the voucher and why. The article does go into
more detail about the process of finding an apartment, or in some cases a house, to live in and the
landlord must accept the terms of the voucher for the family to live in the that particular unit or
house

The Homeless Distribution Is Tested Using Spatial- Auto...
The homeless distribution was tested using spatial– auto correlation analysis (SACA). Near analysis
was used to calculate the average distance between the homeless individuals and the closest feeding
service and shelters in each of the six San Diego County regions. Furthermore, the ratio of total
number of homeless individual per bed was calculated to determine whether or not there is an
adequate supply of beds. The prevalent count was performed on Jan 29, 2016, from roughly 4 AM to
7 AM and covered 585 areas. This led to a visible count of homeless individuals and family
members living on the streets, in automobiles, illegal camping, and other areas not intended for
sleeping. Volunteers were all assigned to different areas collecting information based on a survey
questionnaire and interviewing some individuals. Each team was then given a map of the census
track. Categories indicated the location on the map of where homeless individuals are seen, either on
the street, in a car, or tent/ hand–built framework. The volunteers are required to view an online
training component the week of the PIT that goes over the charts, safety, and other protocols.
Volunteers interviewed 24% of all homeless individuals counted to collect information on
demographics, age, and locations. PITC provides information regarding numbers and features of
people suffering from being homeless in San Diego on a single night. Unique initiatives were made
to study a sample of all unsheltered homeless in

Essay on Affordable Housing Crisis
Affordable housing in the United States describes sheltering units with well–adjusted housing costs
for those living on an average, median income. The phrase usually implies to applied rental or
purchaser housing within the financial means of lower–income ranges specific to the demographics
of any given area. However, affordable housing does not include those living in social housing
owned by government and non–profit organizations. More specifically, the targeted range for
housing affordability sets below 30 percent of a household's annual income, including all applicable
taxes, utility costs and home owners insurance rates. If the mean income per household breaches the
30 percent mark, then the agreed status becomes labeled as ... Show more content on
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Statistically, one out of seven families live in severe physical deficient housing. In fact, the housing
and stock market revealed in July of 2009 that the Great Recession further widened the gap and
income disparity between the average, hard–working Americans and the top 1% of wealthy
Americans. Edward N. Wolff suggests that the average American produced a massive 36.1% drop in
overall marketable assets while the top 1% of wealthy Americans only lost 11.1%. This income gap
disparity ensures that ever–increasing need for affordable housing as the economic crisis worsens.
Habitat for Humanity: Affordable Housing Statistics University of California, Santa Cruz: Who
Rules America? Wealth, Income, and Power The Levy Institute: Recent Trends in Household Wealth
in the United States: Rising Debt and the Middle–Class Squeeze: an Update to 2007 Statistics
University of Kent State: Broadening Ownership of Productive Assets Lane Community College:
Income Inequality University of Pennsylvania State: Housing (Un)affordability in Philadelphia
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis: An Alternative View of U.S. Income Inequality Multinational
Monitor: Wealth and Income Inequality in the United States Between the Rich and the Rest The
New York

A Reflection On Policy Observation
Policy Observation
What we see today is that organizations paint this image of morality and striving to help the
homeless, when really what they preach compared to their actions are very incongruent. For
example, Mr. Gladiator is a Muslim and he was praying outside of Kroger and was asked to leave
because he was supposedly disturbing customers, but in reality he was just praying for them. This
ties into commercialization where businesses will kick homeless people out of their properties
establishment to appear more high quality. This is contradicting because they boast about what they
do for communities, yet the situation such as this says otherwise.
In addition, there has been a shift from Section 8 Housing here in Louisville, where poor people are
provided assistance with public, government housing, to Mixed Income Housing that has increased
homelessness because many of these people qualify for Section 8 Housing and do not have the
financial status for Mixed Income Housing, yet there are less homes being provided for Section 8
Housing than there are Mixed Income Housing so it leaves a disproportionate amount of people
lacking shelter (Colley and Dukmasova).
Even worse, if we look at policies at the regional level, or even national levels, our society has
criminalized homelessness by making it illegal to be homeless. Rather than attacking the underlying
issues of homelessness, or resolving the needs of homeless people, our society drives away
homeless people and even any

Homelessness in American
Homelessness in America Homelessness in America has always been an issue but it has become an
even bigger issue over the past years. With a world filled with global conflict, disappearing jobs,
higher education cost, and increasing poverty in America, the homeless need our help more than
ever. Just last year, the national poverty rate rose to include 13.2 % of the population. Also, 3.5
million people were forced to sleep in parks, shelters, under bridges or in cars. Hunger and
homelessness are increasing epidemics plaguing the United States. Because of the high cost of
living, high unemployment rates, and low–wage jobs, countless Americans are forced to choose
between food, housing, and other expenses. According to recent studies, money ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the National Low Income Housing Coalition, families across the country would need
to earn a "housing wage" of $15.37 an hour to afford a two–bedroom apartment. That's nearly three
times the current minimum wage in America. A few other things that contribute to homelessness
would be long–term issues like drug addiction, mental illness, and alcoholism. People who suffer
from addictive disorders ruin their relationships with family, friends, and often lose their jobs. 6% of
the American population suffers from mental illness. When it comes to the homeless population, that
number jumps to 20–25%. People with serious mental issues don't have the ability to handle
essential aspects of daily life, such as household management and self–care. Without assistance,
women and men have little to no chance of gaining stability. Domestic violence also plays a role in
homelessness. 50% of homeless women and children are fleeing domestic violence. When a woman
is dealing with domestic assault, she fears for her safety and the safety of her children. She either
takes the chance to stay at home and continue to be beaten, or leave the abuse and face having little
means of support. Post–traumatic stress is one of the top causes of homeless Veterans. As many as
200,000 military veterans sleep on the street on any given night. Adapting to a "normal life" back in
the U.S. is extremely difficult for those who have served. Because they are unable to cope,

Government Subsidized Housing Research Essay
Government Subsidized Housing Research
The American dream is hard to find. In most cases, the dream includes a home. For many Americans
who financially struggling to feed themselves, having a roof over their head is nearly an impossible
task. As our government has progressed in the twentieth century, aid has been given to homeless
families in the form of basic housing. Low income or subsidized housing has grown immensely I the
past few years. The debate is whether subsidized housing is a free home or a free ride. The
subsidized housing program should be used as assistance and not a crutch. Many say that you make
out of life what you put into it. Homelessness to certain individuals is brought on by the homeless
individual's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In MaryBeth Shinn's article, she quotes a researcher that says, "That as long as the number of
families living in intolerable conditions exceeds the capacity of the shelter system, increases in
shelter capacity will lead to increases in the size of the shelter (Shinn)." Shinn's article goes on
further by saying that families often have to choose between housing that is structurally adequate
and housing that is affordable. Howard Husock came up with a great idea for solving the problem
with subsidized housing and tenants that use the program too long. His idea is to have time limits on
the amount of time that tenants can stay in public housing or use public housing vouchers. Husock
states, "It (Time limits) would allow housing subsidies to be directed to those in most immediate
need rather than simply going to persons already in the system." In his article, startling facts and
figures are given about the length of time tenants stay in assisted living. More than twenty–five
percent of families have lived in their subsidized apartment for more than ten years. Forty–seven
percent have lived in their apartment for more than five years (Weitzman). Imposing time limits
would not allow the extended lengths of time that are currently given. Congressman Rick Lazio is
proposing that tenants sign a form in which a date would be given as to their leaving of public
housing. This signature would be an initiative for tenants to move

Homelessness : The Social Problem Essay
Affordable Housing is the social problem and the social issue addressed by the social problem is
homelessness. Homelessness is "an individual who lacks housing (without regard to whether the
individual is a member of a family), including an individual whose primary residence during the
night is a supervised public or private facility (e.g., shelters) that provides temporary living
accommodations, and an individual who is a resident in transitional housing" (HHS, 2016).
The history of homelessness dates as far back to the American Civil War, but the most noticeable is
the 1930s Great Depression. During this time a lot of families were not able to afford their homes so
they traveled a migrant working trail to find work. "the effects of the Great Depression threw many
families out of their homes and into parks and temporary encampments in the countryside,
homelessness became a national problem" (Jimenez, A., J., Pasztor, Mayers, E., Chambers,
(McDonald), R. M. (03/2014). Over 2 million people were considered homeless at this time who
suffered from hunger and poverty. Today The National Alliance to End Homelessness reports that
564,708 people were experiencing homelessness in 2015. Which is down "from 18.3 in 2014 to 17.7
homeless people per 10,000 people in the general population" (NAEH, 2016).
Theories of homelessness can extend from many things like natural disasters, domestic violence,
loss of a job, loss of a loved one, mental illness, and sometimes even depression. There

Essay about What is Homelessness?
Before going into the main subject this essay will be looking at various aspects of homelessness
which includes the background history, the major causes of homelessness, sections of our
community that are likely to become homeless and social construction of homelessness.
Furthermore, I will also be looking at government policies, act of parliament as well as debates from
different commentators on homelessness.
From my understanding there are people who make it a point to blame those who are homeless
however, not all homeless people choose or wanted to be homeless. Some people become homeless
through no fault of their own as society lead us to believe. People could become homeless due to
various reasons, which includes loss of job, they ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nonetheless, indications from my study suggest that majority of homeless people want to work and
get back to normality but as in most cases, lack of adequate support meant that homeless people
have no accommodation of their own to return to after work and as a result, they end up sleeping on
the street. This kind of behaviour is seen as a deviant act in the society because, it does not fit in
with society's norms and values. Society's perception of the homeless is that they are lazy and
generally, view them as irresponsible drug users. Perhaps, on the down side society fell to recognise
the fact that many homeless people suffers from illness which prevented them from working. In
addition to the above, there may be many other reasons such as family break–up, loss of job, drug
misuse sexual abuse, physical or emotional abuse.
To support this argument Walsh, et al (2000) emphasised that the causes of homelessness could be
viewed in two ways. This could be due to personal circumstances of the homeless person, such as
drug misuse, alcohol problems, institutional background, unemployment, globalisation and mental
illness. The second approach is to examine the wider social or structural factors which could be
explain like those personal circumstances. For example, rent arrears may be as a result of
government economic policy, which outcome might be a decline in employment opportunities.
Other

Homelessness : The Logical Solution
Caio Maluly
Roxana Juliá
Economic Growth
Homelessness: The Logical Solution
Abstract:
Homelessness is an issue, which plagues millions of Americans on a daily–basis. The current
mainstream method of dealing with this issue has proven to be inefficient and extremely expensive,
a burden which is passed onto society, despite the plethora of alternative methods which have a
proven success rate and also have a much larger cost when compared to that associated with general
homelessness in the country.
Introduction:
Homelessness in New York is not a new phenomenon, a plague that sprung as a consequence of the
city's rapid economic development. There is evidence that it dates back to at least the colonial era,
although the sheer volumes of people who experience homelessness have increased tremendously.
The first big wave of homelessness was caused by the Great Depression of the 1930's, which
dislocated millions of American families and made "homelessness a routine, persistent, visible
feature of urban life,"(1) which affected a wide population of the country. After the 2008 financial
collapse, homelessness again became a feature of the majority of large cities, and has been present
in many small towns, a consequence of the latest recession, which affected millions of people.
Today, homelessness in America is experienced on a daily basis, by "at least 800,000 people, out of
which about 200,00 are children in homeless families."(2) It is without a surprise then that "nearly

Homeless Veterans In Vietnam
This provision allowed, "states [to] administer programs for making loans to finance homes and
farms" (National Ingratitude, p.122). Finally, programs were starting to be put in place for helping
all veterans.
Post 1980
By the late twentieth century and into the twenty–first century the main housing program for
veterans was consistently that of the guaranteed home mortgage loans. "Except for a very small
provision for homeless, disabled veterans, there is no subsidized rental program for veterans"
(National Ingratitude, p.135). However, this program wasn't highly utilized, as "many veterans and
their families [paid] far more than they [could] afford for shelter or live[d] in overcrowded or
otherwise substandard dwellings, and well over ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Housing and Urban Development–Veterans Affairs Supported Housing (HUD–VASH) "found that
the combination of immediate access to rent subsidies through housing vouchers plus intensive case
management significantly reduced days homeless by 36% over a three–year period" (Rates and Risk
Factors for Homelessness After Successful Housing in a Sample of Formerly Homeless Veterans,

The Pros And Cons Of Unemployment
Unemployment is something that has negatively impacted homelessness. According to a 2002 study
by the Urban Institute, about 55% of homeless people were not employed. Many homeless people
do happen to be employed, however, there are some associated excuses as to why the other 55% of
homeless people couldn't get a job. No cell phone, no physical address, and bad hygiene are all
reasons why the homeless couldn't possibly work. If 38% of homeless people were using their
money wisely, they should buy a gym membership in placement of alcohol, they would be able to
take a shower every day and start on the road to a healthier lifestyle. They would also be one step
closer to being employed. Homeless people have a work–ethic? Let's muster the 64% of homeless
that are addicted to drugs and divide that percentage in half, leaving 32%. Those 32% are effected
by their addiction, which in logic, makes their drugs priority over any personal or professional
responsibility. Do you think that those 32% have the work–ethic to hold down a job, let alone
research the resources to find a job? In the real world, majority says' no. That's only half of the 64%,
imagine if more than half of that 64% had the same feeling of unworthiness, due to drugs. The
choice to continue misuse of drugs, will end with lack of responsibility prioritization. Subsidized
housing is available for those who are in need of low income housing. There are multiple options
that I have found, in the Phoenix Arizona area)

Homelessness : The Homeless Population Essay
Homelessness affects millions of people every year. Homelessness is an endless epidemic that
continues to grow. There isn't one specific causal factor to this every increasing population.
Individuals experiencing homelessness come from various backgrounds and cultures physically,
financially, and emotionally. They could be considered the melting pot for diversity. Often times
individuals experiencing homeless are judged by their outer appearance with no regard for the
contributing factors to the situation. According to the National Alliance to End Homelessness, "in
January 2014, there were 578,424 people experiencing homelessness on any given night in the
United States. Of that number, 216,197 are people in families, and 362,163 are individuals"
(National Alliance to End Homelessness, 2015). The homeless population contains "about 15
percent who are considered to be chronically homeless and 9 percent are homeless veterans"
(National Alliance to End Homelessness, 2015).
Homelessness has several different subgroups to include families, youth, veterans and the
chronically homeless. Each group can have several different contributing factors that contribute to
becoming homeless. There are sometimes some overlapping factors as well. "Families experiencing
homelessness are similar to other, housed families living in poverty. In fact, many poor families –
homeless or not – share similar characteristics: they are usually headed by a single woman with
limited education, are

Argumentative Essay Housing
Americans across the United States search for the perfect home, location and square footage of
course a great price to pay for their castle. Finding an affordable place to live is ideal, and necessary
for survival in this day of age. As the years go by the cost of living increases but Americans do not
receive a cost of living raise. The demand for affordable housing is on a all time high, but so is the
cost of housing in the metropolitan areas across the United States. America must take care of its
citizens and should provide affordable housing programs, to assist Americans to either purchase or
rent a home.
American's deal with a serious challenge while looking for an affordable place to raise their
families. Renting an apartment ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Often it is housing, that absorbs high proportion of income that can cause Americans to become
homeless. Twelve million homeowners and renters pay more that fifty percent of their annual
earnings for housing. This percentage is astonishing high for the county who has the best weapon
system in the world. Although, several programs were developed such as the US Department of
Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to stabilized homelessness, America should not have a
large amount of homeless people, we should take care of our own people. According to National
Coalition for the Homeless ("In a survey of 24 cities, people remain homeless an average of seven
months, and 87% of cities reported that the length of time people are homeless has increased in
recent years (U.S. Conference of Mayors, 2005)"). Seeing children and families living in shelters
should not be permitted, in this great nation. Instead of interfering with other countries well being,
America should focus on its own citizens. Investing in increasing developing affordable programs
would prevent people from becoming homeless, and be in

The Importance Of Education In Education
These differences in achievement do not in any way result from an inherently lower IQ in
disadvantaged children. Research suggests that, aside from family situation and parental
involvement, the strongest contributing factor may be the neighborhood in which a child grows up.
Indeed, research demonstrates a clear relationship between a better neighborhood and more
favorable educational outcomes. The community environment in which children are raised has a
significant ability to instill in them either positive or negative values.
Unfortunately, many low–income neighborhoods where most public housing units are located
remain far removed from the upper–end school districts that receive greater funding. As a result,
they tend to attract lower–paid and less trained teachers, which results in a lower–quality education.
To determine whether this is the case, the Furman Center conducted a study on New York City's
inner–city school district. First, the study found that these schools consisted of a high concentration
of children from public housing neighborhoods. Most significantly, these schools tended to employ
teachers who had a lower level of experience and training than teachers at average schools across
America (Furman Center, 2008). Data from the Department of Education reveals that these findings
are not unique to the New York school district. Rather, across the country, schools that have high
concentrations of low–income students frequently receive less funding than other

Homelessness : The Problem Within The United States
Homelessness is an arising problem within the United States. Poverty and homelessness are
inheritably linked. As children we were raised to believe that through hard work and determination
that we could accomplish anything. We all had dreams of having nice cars, a nice home and lots of
money, however this is impossible when a person is living pay check to pay check and close to
being homeless. Knowing that we live in the "land of opportunity" brings many dreams to anyone's
mind, however, many families are experiencing financial issues that are causing them to become
homeless because they cannot afford to live and pay their bills, food, child care, health care and
education (National Coalition of the homeless, 2007). Homelessness in ... Show more content on
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On any given night there are more than 300,000 veterans that have no shelter or food. Veterans are
more likely to become homeless, before any other American (Veterans Inc., 2010). With this number
so high, it makes people ask themselves, these men and woman are fighting for our country but they
have no place to live after returning home. We hope that the next generation will either come up
with new ways to accommodate the homeless population and find new resources to modify the
current system.
Domestic violence is defined as emotionally or physically (or both) controlling an intimate partner,
often involving physical assault, stalking or sexual assault (National Coalition for the Homeless,
2009). Something close to my home, Fargo North Dakota 2005, 1 in 5 women reported that she had
left her home due to abuse. In Fargo, 45 percent of homeless women had experienced violence from
an intimate partner in the past year (ACLU Women 's Rights Project, n.d.). Living so close to
Minnesota as well, 1 in every 3 homeless women were driven from their home by domestic violence
in 2003 (ACLU Women 's Rights Project, n.d.). These numbers are unthinkable when a person lives
in the area, and knowing that it happens to just about anyone. Many women don't have the resources
or family around them that they can rely on when something of that nature occurs. When a woman
has had enough of the abuse and decides to leave the situation, they often times have

The Community Action Partnership Of San Luis Obispo County
San Luis Obispo County spans over 3,616 square miles. Currently, in all of that area, there are only
two active homeless shelters according to the San Luis Obispo Homeless Shelter Directory. The
Maxine Lewis Memorial Homeless Shelter provides 50 beds year round, with anywhere between
25–35 additional overflow beds provided by one church every month. The Santa Maria Emergency
Shelter Campus has 150 beds available for up to 90 days at a time. Our two homeless shelters can
only house up to 235 occupants at a time (SLO Homeless...). At any given time, as I had mentioned
earlier, between 2,000 and 4,000 people are homeless in our county. It doesn't take a mathematician
to figure out that there is not nearly enough housing options available to those in need. Now, that's
not to say that there are only two places that offer programs to help the homeless. We have many
programs such as the Community Action Partnership of San Luis Obispo which offers many
different services and programs to ensure the homeless are getting the help they need. The county
itself offers a wide variety of programs available to the homeless as well such as drug rehabilitation
programs, meal services, and mental health services. When people envision our beautiful little town,
for the most part they think imagine the serene beaches, beautiful weather, and cool college town
vibe. Oprah has even donned it the "happiest place on earth." It's doubtful, though, that either Oprah
or the other visitors who come to

Homelessness
Causes of Homelessness in America
Homelessness is an ongoing problem for our society. Every day we come to terms with the effects of
it, but what about the causes? By definition, a person who is homeless lives in public. The lack and
destruction of federal housing programs and increasing rents forced those who are homeless to do in
public what everyone prefers to do in private.
According to the website, National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty, the Low Income
Housing Information Service estimates that "there are twice as many low–income families searching
for housing as there are units available", many of which are waiting on Section 8 housing, a list that
could take up to six years or more. The H.U.D Report, the Department of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Middle class people are more vulnerable to poverty because they supposedly make too much money.
The amount to require for financial aid in college is under $10,000 a year, by then the person should
already be homeless on that salary. Even with assistance, studies show "current TANF benefits and
Food Stamps combined are below the poverty level in every state; in fact, the median TANF benefit
for a family of three is approximately one–third of the poverty level. Thus, contrary to popular
opinion, welfare does not provide relief from poverty," (Published by the National Coalition for the
Homeless, June 1999).
Along with being incapable of paying for bills and receiving assistance, some other reasons behind
homelessness are that many of them are mentally ill and don't evaluate and make rational decisions
(O'Flaherty 99). Some of them are in charge in making the choices not only for themselves, but for
their whole family as well. Studies show that the proportions of mentally ill people are between ten
percent to thirty percent (O'Flaherty 227–28). "A new wave of deinstitutionalization and the denial
of services or premature and unplanned discharge brought about by managed care arrangements may
be contributing to the continued presence of seriously mentally ill persons within the homeless
population" (Mental Illness and Homelessness). Many have chronic diseases such as arthritis,
cancer, AIDS, etc., and according to the H.U.D report, 55% said they have no

Low- Income Housing
Research Paper on Sustainable Low– Income Housing The most successful, long term, low–income
housing projects are those that use sustainable design and address the social, cultural, and economic
needs of residents. Traditionally built low–income housing projects are associated with high crime
rates and high mortality rates among the residents who live in them. They do not provide for the
needs of residents, resulting in many of the problems these low–income housing projects face today.
These problems range from endangerment of human life, psychological afflictions due to the high
stresses that are endured by residents, disease epidemics caused by overcrowding and unsanitary
living conditions (in combination with a substandard public ... Show more content on
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This can start to override the stigma often associated with low–income housing and even serving as
a point of pride for those who live there" (Marin). Green housing projects also provide a healthier
living environment than traditional housing projects (Marin). A Cornell study, comparing over 200
low–income and mid–income children in upstate New York focused on the effects of living
conditions on health, and found that the poorer children were five times as likely to suffer from
environmental stresses which lead directly to health problems (Public Health; Overcrowded and
noisy living conditions may contribute to bad health). "Researchers examined crowding, noise and
housing quality for the sample of 8– to 10–year–olds and found that the levels of stress hormones
measured among the low–income children were consistently higher, indicating those children were
under physiological and psychological stress." Sustainable low–income housing has the effect of
reducing these environmental stressors because it inherently incorporates the issues of occupant
well–being as much as it incorporates green building materials into design. In 1990 the New York
Times ran an article on the skyrocketing rate of epidemics in the inner cities since the 1980's. Urban
poor, the residents of inner cities, are living in what reporter Elizabeth Rosenthal terms

The English Underclass in Dr. Theodore Dalrymle's “Life at...
Dr. Theodore Dalrymle wrote "Life at the bottom" as a way to express his views of the English
underclass. He believes their impaired ways of life, are the cause of poverty in England, "not the
economy". Those who pledged to serve and protect, on many levels, are neglecting their
responsibilities, either in fear of being judged themselves or by simply turning a blind eye to
continuous problems within England. No one wants to accept the reality of England's horrendous
situation. Therefore their endless battle with poverty, suffering and misery will continue in a vicious,
endless, cycle.
The United States compare to England in many ways, one of which is poverty. Stemming from one's
attitude having no real want or need to succeed. There are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
These children will grow to become illiterate adults; with "no knowledge of their past or hope for
the future" all they'll live for is an "eternal present" filled with poverty, suffering, and misery. In the
future these are the individuals who'll seek out government assistance, with a false belief that they
are incapable of succeeding on their own.
The government also puts programs like Section 8 and HUD in place, with hopes to help individuals
sustain livable situations until they can stand on their own two feet. But this programs is actual a
huge hindrance, Section 8 and HUD allows families with very low income to reside in a residence
with people paying "market rate value". This program is the same as England's programs to assist
the poverty stricken in finding homes. Only, these people abuse the system by moving into these
places with no plans of ever moving out, or bettering themselves. To them this is success and there's
no need to seek more, they are content with what's being handed to them. There ok with the idea of
not having to work for anything, but living in the same quarters as hard working individuals, it's
almost unfair in a since.
(http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/topics/housing_choice_voucher_program_section_8)
The government continues to supply these individuals with

Urban Poverty In Rural America
The growing rates of unemployment correlate with the higher rates of poverty seen in rural America
compared to urban areas. The graph below demonstrates the gap between rural and urban poverty
rates. In addition, many of the manufacturing jobs that still exist provide low wages. With residents
earning less money than their urban counterparts, housing is in some cases less obtainable than in
metropolitan areas.
Income and Poverty in the United States from 2015 (Procter et al).
With nearly "three of every four rural poor households paying at least 30 percent of their incomes
for housing and with substantial numbers paying 50 percent and even 70 percent –– little money is
left for other necessities" (Lazere, 22). To make matters worse, rural America is currently
experiencing the same gentrification issue that is widely seen in major urban areas today. Alan
Greenblatt summarizes the situation by saying, "as professionals move in, that raises prices and puts
a squeeze on all the people making a living pumping gas or selling ... Show more content on
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He argues that the tech boom directly caused a massive influx of workers with high incomes into the
Bay Area and there was no feasible way that the region could have built enough units to meet that
sudden supply. The Bay, as a result, has continued to become whiter and wealthier as tech jobs allow
workers to easily out–bid previous inhabitants of the Bay. Not mention the fact that low–density
zoning has been increasingly used by wealthy groups to block high–rise apartment complexes that
would provide housing to non–elite residents. In order to combat the growing inaccessibility to
housing, Walker believes we need to address the role "credit and capital, boom and bust cycles, and
the spatial preferences of the elite" played into the Bay Area housing crisis (Redmond,

Homelessness in America
Social Program: Public Housing
Introduction
The issue of homelessness is one that I can relate to all too well. About twenty five years ago I
found myself among the homeless. My story is simple, I had no formal education and was working a
job making minimum wage. I couldn't keep up with my rent and other living expenses and was
finally evicted from my overpriced apartment. At the time I was on a waiting list for public housing
for which there was at least a two year waiting period. The fact that I was single, with no children
did not help me either. For a while I lived on the streets and in shelters, too ashamed to approach
what family members I had with my problems knowing that they were ... Show more content on
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New York City had started to provide publicly funded housing before the act was created and was
one of the programs that the government used as a model. According to Bauman, (1987)public
housing was not originally created to help the "poorest of the poor," it was created to house select
segments of the working class, specifically the "submerged middle class," who were temporarily
outside the labor market during the depression. These benefits were targeted to whites and helped
move them to suburbs but kept blacks concentrated in cities and inner suburbs. The distribution of
federal benefits made it possible for mostly white working–class people to move out of public
housing, and contributed to a downward income shift in the public housing population after the
1940's. These discriminatory practices were documented by (Massey & Denton, 1993). At one time,
public housing had been thought of as a solution for inner city poverty, isolation, and as a basic
human necessity for less well–off people (Riis 1890; Marcuse 1986b (1978); Stegman 1990). It was
believed by most advocates, that good housing was humane and necessary to the well–being of all
people and would greatly improve the quality of life of the people who lived in slums. They
envisioned public housing as a way of fulfilling part of the states responsibility to ensure that
decent, affordable housing was available for all residents of the U.S. The first national

Introduction. Section 8 Housing Was The First Subsidized
Introduction
Section 8 housing was the first subsidized tenant–based housing program in the U.S. The program
was established under the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974. It differed from the
known public housing program by allowing recipients to obtain housing from the private market as
opposed to government owned housing. Later after merging two aspects of the section 8, certificates
and vouchers, section 8 housing program became known as the Housing Choice Voucher program
(HCV).
Housing Choice Voucher Program is the largest form of federal housing assistance in the U.S. and it
is administered by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). The HCV
program requires recipients to obtain housing from the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This social program demonstration took place in twelve locations starting in the year of 1971 and
ending by 1980. Nearly fifty thousand families were assisted with cash allowances (US House,
2003).
The Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 authorized the Section 8 program with 2
components, Section 8 project–based assistance for existing, newly constructed or rehabilitated
housing and the Section 8 existing housing program, a newly created housing assistance program to
be administered by PHAs provided tenant–based subsidies. Rental voucher program was first
authorized as a demonstration program by Congress in 1984. The program, then, was formally
authorized as a program in the Housing and Community Development Act of 1987. Conversion to
the HCV program from the rental voucher and rental certificate programs started on October 1st in
1999. All certificate tenancies and rental vouchers became subject to the HCV program
requirements (Hartung and Henig, 1997).
(Jana Beller)
Section 8 Programs
The U.S. government provides housing assistance to low–income families and individuals through
different programs, two of them are: Section 8 tenant–based subsidies (also called Section 8
Housing Choice Voucher program); and Section 8 project–based assistance, under which property
owners receive government subsidies to decrease rents (Carlson). The

The Pros And Cons Of Public Housing
Public Housing, also known as subsidized housing or "te projects", was created in the U.S. to sustain
families that had lost their jobs during the Great Depression, the goals were stated in Section 8 of
the Housing Act of 1937 (Schwartz). They were created to produce communities that had adequate
living along with safe communities and proper education. In many cases public housing has served
the low–income class well. Numerous families, disabled people, and elderly depend on government
subsidized housing. However, there is a pressing oversight in which over–income families are being
allowed to live in public housing even when their income levels are much past the income level
implemented by the Department of Housing and Urban Development, or HUD. What is usually the
case is that a family will move into public housing while still under the income bracket. Within a
period of time, they are usually over the income bracket and maybe even have acquired assets.
There are no law in which a housing agency is required to terminate the tenant's term. According to
the Department of Housing and Urban Development's reports, there are more than 25,000 over
income families earning more than the maximum income for government–subsidized housing. There
should be more regulations by the Department of Housing and Urban Development on housing
agencies to relocate families that earn over the income bracket as it denies access to families in real
need of subsidized housing, and it contradicts the

Lack Of Income Or Insufficient Education
. Additionally, studies have shown that lack of higher education is another reason family's lack the
necessary income to afford housing. In lower income families only a small percentage of individuals
go on to college after high school. Those without a college degree make significantly less than those
who do have one. This lack of income limits the housing they can afford.
Moreover, the open waiting list for Public Housing varies from state to state. For example, there is 1
open waitlist in Alaska, 13 in Arizona, and 24 in California. In contrast, there are 79 open waitlist in
Arkansas, and 102 in Alabama (Affordable Housing Online).
As we have seen, low–income individuals, families, and seniors struggle to find housing they can
afford. Lack of income or insufficient education further impacts the problem. Some individuals may
even fall into a life of homelessness. There are some housing options yet they can be difficult to
obtain. There must be another way to help these particular segments of the community.
PART II
To go in more depth, there are multiple affordable housing programs available for low–income
individuals and families. Some housing options are: Privately Owned Subsidized Housing, the
Housing Choice Voucher Program (Section 8), and Public Housing (HUD.gov). These options all
have an application and qualification process. If approved, it may lower or cover monthly rental
costs.
Unfortunately, there are limits to these services and they may also long

Affordable Rent And Flexible Accommodations
Rental assistance programs are offered to those living in the United States to provide affordable rent
and flexible accommodations to fit participant need. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban
Development, often called Department of Housing and Urban Development or HUD for short, offer
three types of rental assistance programs that include privately owned subsidized housing, public
housing, and the Housing Choice Voucher Program. "Privately owned subsidized housing is a
program in which apartment owners offer reduced rents to low–income tenants with the help of
HUD. Public housing provides affordable apartments for low–income families, the elderly and those
with disabilities. Lastly, the Housing Choice Voucher Program, otherwise know ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The housing choice voucher allows a housing subsidy to be paid directly to the landlord on behalf of
a local public housing agency. The public housing agency is able to make payments as the
Department of Housing and Urban Development federally funds the voucher program. After the
subsidy is paid the participant pays the difference between the actual rent and that paid by the
subsidy. Upon receiving the housing voucher the public housing agency determines a payment
standard for the local housing market chosen by the voucher participant. The payment standard,
however doesn't limit the amount a landlord may charge or the voucher holder's portion of payment.
"The housing voucher family [participant] must pay 30% of its monthly adjusted gross income for
rent and utilities, and if the unit rent is greater than the payment standard the family is required to
pay the additional amount" (Housing Choice, n.d.). This is a general requirement and specific public
housing agencies may have slightly different requirements. In Cuyahoga County, "Under the rental
voucher program, the family [participant] is generally required to pay approximately 30% of
adjusted monthly income toward rent and utilities. The Housing Assistance Payment made by
CMHA [Cuyahoga Metropolitan Housing Authority] to the owner generally pays the remainder"
(HCVP, 2015). Eligibility for a housing voucher may vary from state–to–state, but is generally
determined by

Government Grants Essay
Owing a beautiful home is a dream of almost every person. Some of them get succeed in converting
this dream into reality while for others with low income it seems to be a hard nut to crack. Good
news is that now you even during your bad economic time can dream of getting a new home. This is
because several government grants for low income housing plans are available to help you obtain
the much required financial support while looking for a home. The government has a lot of grants to
offer to serve different others needs of the small earnings individuals. Of course, the grants for low
income families are not just restricted to starting a company and to build a brand new house. In
addition to it, the grant is extended to meet most from the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
You need to research through the authorized online sites to collect every minute information and
particulars. Agencies provides such grants particularly ask for proof to your eligibility, make sure to
attach it, too. Remember, if something is wrong with your details, the authorized officers will easily
reject your application on grants. Make each work to total all the work, prior to time to certainly get
the benefits of grants for low income families. Grants.Gov is the funding portal of the government
that can give you details about the various financial assistance programs of US federal government,
state administration and local authorities. The funds flow from the federal government to states and
from states to local government. Fund is raised by the federal government and this is taxpayers'
money that is distributed among the need citizens.Private foundations, business families and
benevolent individuals also help the government in this act. They provide financial assistance to
their communities or non–governmental organizations working in a specific geographic area. If you
are rural citizen and are above 60 years of age then you can get fund for remodeling of your home.
The remodeling work includes changing pipes, electricity wires and using green energy to keep the
house clean and hygienic. Grants for low income housing come in the form of low interest loans,
easy repayment options stretching up to 20 years and other products. Since

Essay on Housing Vouchers: More Than a Housing Solution
Housing Vouchers
Vouchers: More Than a Housing Solution
Introduction
Many advocates and policymakers of housing for the poor believe that to achieve optimal human
development of low–income households the location of the housing must be considered as well as
the quality of the housing unit (Newman, 2008). According to Newman (2008), housing of the poor
has to allow for economic independence and self–care while providing a safe and adequate place to
live. The debate about decent housing alone is sufficient to provide a healthier living environment
has its roots in the late 1920s, when the unhealthy environment of the slums was associated with
numerous social ills. The hands–on approach of the housing and social service agencies was ...
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For the past fifty years the shift from meeting the housing needs of the poor through government
projects–based housing to a more individual approach, has been slowly implemented. Housing
vouchers now enable underprivileged populations to move from high–poverty, segregated
neighborhoods to more un–segregated, low–poverty neighborhoods. Low–poverty neighborhoods
have less crime, better opportunities for employment, and more diverse schooling options. Some
housing advocates however, contend that housing assistance is unnecessary and is an income
subsidy that should be combined with other social safety nets (Clark, W. 2008).
Literature Review
The Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 enacted a voucher program, the Section 8
Housing Allowance program that has since been renamed the Housing Choice Voucher program
(HCV). In the original program vouchers were sent directly to qualifying landlords, however, in
1988, the terms were changed so that the tenants now receive the vouchers. Tenants were given
more leeway in where and how the vouchers could be used (Teater, 2008).
Teater (2008) explained that the original intent of the Section 8 program was to allow minority
households to move to neighborhoods that were less racially segregated and safer. Other intentions
of Section 8 program were to open

The Community Stability Act ( Csa ) Essay
The "Community Stability Act" (CSA) is a policy designed to reduce housing transiency in low–
income urban and rural communities by providing housing subsidies to low–income families, and
financial assistance to families at risk of or experiencing eviction. The CSA will alleviate poverty
through removing the various stressors associated with housing transiency, and have subsidiary
effects related to education and economic opportunity. This policy is predicated on one key
understanding. It is indisputable that the nature of the housing market has changed–– most urban
low–income households are spending a significant portion of their income (>50%) on housing
expenses. The present is an aberration of long held expectations–– that housing costs should not
exceed 30% of one's income–– and it needs to be addressed. However, the problem of housing costs
is multifaceted, and addressing it requires systemic changes (augmenting the power dynamic
between labor and capital in the U.S., fixating on public and affordable housing rather than private
development) that would not be practical in the current political environment, or in the foreseeable
future. This policy, in contrast, derives its attractiveness from how it can be framed, and the
widespread effects (from a geographical and socioeconomic perspective) that it will have. The CSA
will provide a housing subsidy to all parents of schoolchildren (aged four to eighteen). The subsidy
would reduce the family's housing costs to 30% of said

The True Cost Of Living
The True Cost of Living
Affordable Housing is a subject that every federal, state, and policy maker has to address. With high
homelessness rates, there has to be ways to provide affordable housing to those in need
(NationalHomeless.org). A family must have acceptable housing options to have a positive quality
of life. Land Bank defines affordability as, "A common measure of community–wide affordability is
the number of homes that a household with a certain percentage of median income can afford"
(CuyahogoLandBank.org.). Median incomes are calculated by household incomes and by
demographic groups. If a person is under this median income range they have difficulty affording
the housing within their communities.
Of course, there are several housing options available for individuals and families. For example, The
Department of Housing and Urban Development has income based programs like Section 8 and
Public Housing they offer on a limited basis. Non–profit programs like Neighborhood Works offer
foreclosure prevention counseling and some refinancing options. Even so, there are certain
drawbacks to these housing policies that are among these housing options. With the current housing
options open and in light of mediocre housing policies, there needs to be broader options for people
to choose from.
PART I
Acceptable affordable housing is lacking for low–income individuals and families. Without
adequate housing, individuals find themselves struggling financially, and many

Best Practice Research For New Projects
Best Practices Best practice research allows for new projects to be implemented with an
understanding of what works, and what doesn't. Often, this research can reveal a quicker path to
successful program implementation and show how to use resources most efficiently. Thus, best
practice research will help in the planning process of a permanent supportive housing community in
Little Rock. The research has shown permanent supportive housing communities have been
implemented throughout the United States and been successful. The analysis and information has
helped to create a need for the emulation of similar program across the nation. The Substance Abuse
and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA), a subset of the U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services, has created an Evidence Based Tool Kit for the implementation of permanent
supportive housing communities in the United States (2010). The resource breaks down the
implementation into six different dimensions or focus areas: (1) choice in housing and living
arrangements, (2) decent, safe, and affordable housing, (3) access to housing and privacy, (4)
community integration and rights of tenants, (5) flexible, voluntary, functional separation of
housing, and (6) services and recovery–focused services (SAMSHA, 2010). Evidence has shown
that these are the six dimensions that should be the focus of the design for permanent supportive
housing communities. Other best practices when aligned with the focus areas

Homelessness Is An Arising Problem Within The United States
SOC331: Social Justice and Ethics
Professor Ashraf Esmail
Rebecca McRunnel
March 8, 2015
Homelessness is an arising problem within the United States. Poverty and homelessness are
inheritably linked. As children we were raised to believe that through hard work and determination
that we could accomplish anything. We all had dreams of having nice cars, a nice home and lots of
money, however this is impossible when a person is living pay check to pay check and close to
being homeless. Knowing that we live in the "land of opportunity" brings many dreams to anyone's
mind, however, many families are experiencing financial issues that are causing them to become
homeless because they cannot afford to live and pay their bills, food, child care, health care and
education (National Coalition of the homeless, 2007). Homelessness in America is persistent,
complex and widely–occurring problem that incorporates many economic, social and psychological
dimensions (National Coalition of the homeless, 2007). With the shortage of affordable rental
property is causing the increasing number of poverty families. Homelessness doesn't only affect an
adult but it does affect many children. In America, 3.5 million Americans are homeless each year.
However, of these Americans that are homeless children make up more than 1 million people who
are homeless (Home Aid America , n.d.). With children and many families that are homeless,
veterans, and domestic

The Utilization Of The Low Income Housing Tax Credit
Preston J. Eberlyn
November 22nd, 2016
Grad Paper
Dr. Myron Levine
Privatize for the Better The utilization of the Low–Income Housing Tax Credit or LIHTC has had an
overall positive effect on housing for low–income families in the United States. Four key outcomes
of the LIHTC are: First, there is less likelihood of segregation within the tax–credit housing than in
the government provided section 8 and government–subsidized voucher programs (Schwartz, p.
115). Second, the purpose of the program, which was to subsidize mixed income housing to low and
working class families, is provisionally being met (Khadduri, Buron, & Lam, p. 10). Third, through
decentralization of the implementation of the LIHTC program the federal government allowed the
state governments more latitude in the dissemination of the tax credits to appropriate developers
(Furman Center, p. 2). Finally, there is a correlation between the areas where LIHTC housing
properties are developed in the impact on the sounding region. This correlation is both positive and
negative in nature, but heavily is judged on the region that the LIHTC is built in and as to whether it
is in an urban center, suburb, or in the metro areas (Deng, pp. 46–48). These four outcomes will
guide the body of this paper about the overarching theme of LIHTC as a policy tool as opposed to
section 8 housing or government provided housing. To the first key component or outcome is
segregation, as it relates to the LIHTC program, about half (46%)

Americ The Great Depression
America would suffer from one of the worst financial disasters in history after the stock market
crash of 1929. A period in history commonly referred to as The Great Depression (1929–1939)
would take the workforce by storm. The country's unemployment rate would reach a record high
leaving millions of Americans out of work or laid off by the mid 1930s (Smiley, 2014). "The Great
Depression is often called a "defining moment" in the twentieth–century history of the United
States. Its most lasting effect was a transformation of the role of the federal government in the
economy" (Smiley, 2014). As a result, families were unable to repay debts such as farm loans and
mortgages leaving financial institutions in the red and failing to recover. ... Show more content on
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This verdict was hammered home by the well–publicized demolition in 1972 of the Pruitt– Igoe
project in St. Louis" (Massey & Kanaiaupuni, 1993). Although most politicians viewed large
housing complexes (projects) as a social destruction it did help to recreate new strategies for
improving the housing program. America's most impoverished populations were still struggling to
maintain decent housing at an affordable rate. This dilemma prompted the federal government to
seek new alternatives to help aid low–income families. "Federal support for housing since, skimpy
as it is, has largely been in the form of "Section 8" vouchers and dispersed, low–density, mixed
housing. The actual number of public housing units has shrunk in recent decades" (Massey &
Kanaiaupuni, 1993). According to the article, "it was a response to the post–war housing shortage
and too many social scientists' view at the time that poor housing itself – crowded, dilapidated
quarters contributed to social dysfunction" (Massey & Kanaiaupuni, 1993). The immediate need to
accommodate the needy seemed to do more harm than good during the early stages of development.
Politician's immediate reaction was to fix the problem by housing multiple families and individuals
in already impoverished locations and massive projects only seem to created new

Public Housing During The Nineteenth Century
Have you been in a stage in your life that leaves not only you but your children as well on the street
with nowhere to go? If you're family is not making enough money and you need assistance from the
government, Public Housing may be the thing you need. Public housing are homes that are owned
by the government and in some cases by private landlords who give low income citizens a home.
Public Housing was created in between the nineteenth and twentieth century in hopes to decrease
poverty rates from inclining. The Industrial Revolution caused poverty that led to sickness and death
to rise which convinced the government to create this subsidy. As in the old days, there is criteria
you must meet to qualify for Public Housing. In order to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The mission statement overall for Public Housing is "The purpose of the organization is to provide
direct services to children and their families who have suffered a breakdown in the structure of the
family unit–and–home of the placement for children in need of alternative" (lowincomehousing.us).
Unfortunately public housing is not open to all, only those who meet their criteria. The age does not
matter in this situation because things can happen at any age. For example, if you get pregnant at an
age of 16 and are left alone, you may need public housing to be able to provide a home for your
child. Even though the age does not explain the population, the special problems and special
diagnosis of clients do. The clients who are most likely to get public housing are those who have a
special diagnoses such as an illness or a disability who makes the person unable to work. For
example, a 19 year old who is a dependent can injure themselves to the point where you can no
longer work. Another special problems are being an elder, being laid off while providing for your
family, etc. This program offers these people a second chance instead of going straight to poverty.
The families who have a primary head of household that gets laid off can lead to separation of
children from parents. This program offers second

Low Income Family Tragedy Case Study
Ruth, housing for low–income families plays a major part in the government subsidies such as
Section 8. This particular program is not provided to everyone nor is it available in every city but
only in marginal areas for fair market units with the landlord approvals. In addition, every approved
applicant have to pay at least 30% of their annual income. Deverteuil, G. (2005). The section *
program is one of many government subsidies that is funded by the taxpayer dollars. The spillover
regarding this program is not only focused on devaluing the area but that some taxpayers may feel
that they are being forced to take care of a family that may have the possibility to live in their
neighborhoods while their paying regular mortgage. However providing

The National Law Center On Homelessness & Poverty Essay
The National Law Center on Homelessness & Poverty currently estimates that each year at least 2.5
to 3.5 million Americans sleep in shelters, transitional housing, and public places not meant for
human habitation. At least an additional 7.4 million have lost their own homes and are doubled–up
with others due to economic necessity. According to Point–in–Time Count, San Diego had 8,692
homeless people. Almost 3,800 of them were sleeping in emergency shelters or transitional housing.
The Count showed more than 5000 people were unsheltered. Some slept in cars, sidewalks or
abandoned building. Moreover, 61%of the homeless people in shelters were children and 40% were
families and 1157 were homeless veterans. Two advocates put this dilemma of the issue of "falling
from the scene" into perspective:
Something remarkable has happened to the spectacle of the street–dwelling poor in the two decades
since it reappeared on the public stage: Homelessness became domesticated routine; an all–but–
expected feature of the urban landscape. No longer cause for vocal concern, let alone outrage, it has
been integrated into that cheerless diorama of un–abashed wealth and relentless poverty that now
passes for "normalcy "in American cities. (Hopper, 2003, p. 193)
Decades and decades have passed without the resolve to end such an epidemic . . . Homelessness
doesn't end. Year after year, shelters provide refuge, churches and temples provide meals, downtown
missions offer care, social service agencies

Mental Illness and Public Administration Essay
Mental illness is a prevalent issue in our country today. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration estimated that 20–25% of our nations homeless suffer from mental illness
(National Coalition for the Homeless, 2009). Many people with mental illness end up in prison
without proper care and supportive housing (NAMI, 2011). Without proper care, people with severe
mental illness cannot function as productive members of society (HCH Clinician's Network, 2000).
Proper housing, care, and professionals to guide them, the quality of life for people with severe
mental illness is poor. In this paper, I will review and analyze three journal studies regarding
policies about homelessness, and guardianship by public administrators ... Show more content on
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5) for the severely mentally ill. The study followed 185 seriously mentally ill and homeless clients
that were about to be housed in housing programs in the Phoenix area between 2000–2001
(Mushkatel, Guhathakurta, Thompson, Thomas, & Franczak, 2009). The clients were surveyed at
the beginning of their placement into housing, and then every three months over an eighteen month
period (Mushkatel, Guhathakurta, Thompson, Thomas, & Franczak, 2009). The sample dwindled "to
108 after 12 months due to participants dropping out of the programs" (Mushkatel, Guhathakurta,
Thompson, Thomas, & Franczak, 2009, para. 27). The authors of the study concluded that "program
type and concentration of subsidized housing are notable factors in explaining respondents'
perceived quality of life" (Mushkatel, Guhathakurta, Thompson, Thomas, & Franczak, 2009, para.
50).
The limitations of the study were the size of the sample group and some of the participants dropping
out of the study. Due to their illness, the mentally ill are hard to study. Some people with severe
mental illness have fears or mistrust of people that try to care for them (HCH Clinician's Network,
2000). This study illustrated some of the environmental issues that need to be considered when
placing the mentally ill in housing programs. A larger study should be done with a larger sample
group in

National Low Income Housing Of African Americans
This all seems great, a savior program that allows people who cannot afford to pay rent normally.
Section 8 is utilized by the elderly, disabled, and families with and without children but is it really a
golden program? Stated above, section 8 provides for vouchers for all types of apartments and even
condos in certain states; however, are these opportunities open to all races? 41.6 percent of African
Americans are on housing assistance programs, as in this county's displaced history on minorities,
the voucher program produces elements that affect minorities. Although African Americans make up
the overall higher percentage when it comes to housing assistance programs, according to National
Low–Income Housing Coalition, surprisingly Caucasians make up 49 percent of the project–based
section 8. Yet, National Low–Income Housing Coalition mentions that African Americans as of
2010 shows that black and Hispanic public housing residents are four times more likely than their
Caucasian counterparts public housing residents to live in high–poverty neighborhoods. Black and
Hispanic voucher recipients are about three times as likely as their white counterparts to live in
high–poverty neighborhoods. Analyzing this data; furthermore, as of 2010, 28 percent of white
voucher recipients live in the lowest poverty neighborhoods! Reviewing this data Caucasians
obtains overall nationwide more voucher approvals that African Americans living in the highest of
poverty neighborhoods and that comes

The Problem Of The Foreclosure Crisis

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