The Civil War And The End Of Reconstruction

The Civil War And The End Of Reconstruction
After the Civil War, following the Compromise of 1877 and the end of Reconstruction, the
protection for the rights of African American ended if there was any. Southern States had moved to
impose a system of segregation on nearly all areas of life. New laws that required segregation that
stirred "separate but equal" doctrine that disenfranchise African Americans for almost six decades. It
is hard in this days and age to be able to imagine segregation as a law, but the remnants just change
form and name. A petition file on June 7, 1892, in the supreme court Louisiana by a local shoemaker
named Homer Plessy against Honorable judge John H. Ferguson. His filling set a test case to
challenge Separate Car Act that prompt Plessy v. Ferguson case perhaps one of the most noticeable
actions to nullify "separate but equal" doctrine. Homer Plessy was arrested and put in jail for sitting
in the white only train car of the East Louisiana Railroad. He was one–eighths black and seven–
eighths white, but under Louisiana law, he was considered black due to the hints of black blood, and
was therefore required to sit in the "colored" train car. Even though the companies of the cars
opposed to law due to expenses of maintenance of separate cars and lose of black customers White
dominated state legislature move to make segregation mandatory and ensured that African American
barred from challenging the "separate but equal" doctrine. However, the main reason segregation
prevailing in the south is a
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Malcolm X And His Childhood
Malcolm Little commonly known as Malcolm X was born in Omaha Nebraska. Malcolm's trouble
has started before then even while he was in the womb of his mother. Clansman would often circle
his house in search of his father who was a preacher who talked about the evils of the clansmen and
wished for a day when African Americans will return to the ancestral homelands in Africa. In
chapter 1 of the Malcolm X book I will describe his childhood has rough he seen his father killed
been relocated to 4 or 5 different houses and at the end of it all his mother was killed. Malcolm little
commonly known as Malcolm X have been through a lot in his upbringing. He was separated from
his seven siblings and put into foster care Change would be one word to describe his childhood as he
was in and out of schools and by the age of 13 he was in a reform school. The book takes a major
shift when he heads out to Boston with his sister Ella. From here he tours the town and find other
African Americans who are just like him. One in particular by the name of shorty becomes one of
his closest friends. He introduces them to the locals and takes Malcolm under his wing. One thing in
particular that Malcolm falls in love with is the Roseland Ballroom. With the help of shorty he gets a
job as a shoe polisher. While doing this he falls in love with a new dance called the Lindy Hop. This
ultimately leads to him quitting from shoe polishing in a short time because he cannot do both.
However he only works there

Essay From The South To The North
From the South to the North In the beginning of the 20th century, most of the South, geographically,
was inhabited by African Americans. African–Americans have been stuck in poverty in the past, and
they did not have any job opportunities, due to racial prejudice. They have suffered ever since they
were slaves picking up cotton and when the Ku Klux Klan was around. African Americans grew in
fear in the South. Because of this, the North needed workers after World War I African–Americans
jumped at the chance of moving to the North because the demand of employees had gone down.
Blacks thought the only way to leave their oppression was to travel to the North. Many African–
Americans moved to places like Chicago, Detroit, and especially Harlem ... Show more content on
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This started "the rise of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) it grew more during the beginning of the 20th
century. It was a "secret terrorist organization founded the Reconstruction" (Sonneborn 14).
Then the African Americans in the South realized that they had to leave. An African American Man
from Louisiana wrote a letter to the governor of Kansas saying, "I am very anxious to reach your
state, not just because of the great race now made for it but because of the sacredness of her soil
washed by the blood of humanitarians for the cause of black freedom." African–Americans felt like
they had no future in the South, and soon began moving from Tennessee to Kansas. There were
about ten thousand blacks moving to Kansas, and the migrants were known as the Exodusters. The
name "referred to the biblical book of Exodus"(Sonneborn 20) telling a story about Moses leading
God's followers out of Egypt and to the promised land. Very few Blacks found Kansas to be the so
called promise land but they did find it to have less racial interference than the South. The "dreams
of the Exodusters faded, but the idea of migration still intrigued many southern African Americans"
(Sonneborn 21). That's when African Americans started to look to Liberia. It started off with blacks
going back to Africa since Liberia was founded by the American colonization which made it easier
for them to go. It was a group of antislavery reformers and slave owners that wanted to send slaves
free in

Langston Hughes: A Harlem Renaissance Poet
Langston Hughes, a Harlem Renaissance poet, grew up in a time of discrimination. He battled
people telling him that he couldn't make it as an author. He could not keep a job because he was
black, and he wasn't allowed to go certain places, but despite everything he became an influential
poet. Hughes uses these struggles in his life to write poetry and show the life of a black person
during the Harlem Renaissance. Langston Hughes had a difficult childhood because he was
constantly moving and his family had financial difficulties. Hughes' parents separated, because his
father wanted to move to Cuba to be a profitable lawyer. Langston and his mother,Carrie, moved to
Mexico to reunite with his dad and make their marriage work. They eventually returned back to the
United States without his father. They lived in downtown Topeka, Kansas. The school Langston
wanted to go to wanted to send him to a colored school. His mother fought for him to go to the
school because it was their rights of a free person. Later, when speaking about this experience,
Hughes said, "They wanted to send me to a colored school, blocks away down across the railroad
tracks. ... But my mother, who was always ready to do battle for the rights of a free people, went
directly to the school board, and finally got me ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He wanted to leave early in the summer because his father was never home, because he was always
traveling for his job. Langston only stayed because his father told him if he came he would pay for
his education. Langston's father, James, wanted him to go to a foreign school to get a better
education but he didn't want to. The reason he wanted to go to college in New York was because of
Harlem For the rest of the summer James refused to pay for his college in the United States. He
wanted to experience the culture of black people in Harlem, New York, so he could write better
poetry and talk about their

The Harlem Renaissance, By Gwendolyn Bennett, Walter...
Gwendolyn Bennett, Josephine Baker, Walter White, and Palmer Hayden are some of the many
people who influenced the Harlem Renaissance that are idols to those around them, excellent at
what they do, and influenced many people to believe that they could do anything they put their heart
into.
The Harlem Renaissance, was part of the larger "New Negro" cultural and intelligent movement of
the 1920s, remains one of the most studied and popular periods of American and African American
literary and cultural history. It was also was a period between World War I and the Great Depression
when black artists and writers flourished in the United States. Critics and historians have assigned
varying dates to the movement 's beginning and end, but most tend to agree that by 1917 there were
signs of increased cultural activity among black artists in the Harlem area of New York City and that
by the mid–1930s the movement had lost much of its original vigor.
Gwendolyn Bennett lived an exciting and full life as a poet, short fiction writer, graphic artist, art
and English teacher, columnist for the National Urban League 's Opportunity magazine. Which lead
to her being the editor of Fire!! The avant–garde magazine produced by young writers of the Harlem
Renaissance and head of the Harlem Community Arts Center. For more than twenty years she was
actively involved in black culture and the New York arts community. Although Bennett knew she
was born on July 8, 1902, in Giddings, Texas, no record of

Essay on The Poetry in Harlem Renaissance
Many assume that Blues and Jazz were the only musical influences that impacted the Harlem
Renaissance. Indeed, with the pursuit for heritage and identity, many aspects of African culture
influenced Renaissance poetry musically. However, focus also needs to be placed on more
controversial topics, such as religion and gender, as poets challenged oppression. When discussing
the poetry of the Harlem Renaissance, due to the strength of their relationship, one must look at
Blues and Jazz. Many viewed this genre as a voice for the black communities and as "the New
Negro poets expressed a deep pride in being Black" (Smith, 1983, p. 37) it is easy to see how this
influenced their poetry. The main theme of Blues were the troubles of life and ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
As a result, the speaker concludes that "to keep from cryin'/ I opens ma moth an' laughs" (Ramazani,
1994, pp. 152–3), a juxtaposition of emotions that was common in the Blues genre as this sense of
fracturing was a common shared feeling to many of those in the Black communities, especially
those who were forced to be happy simply for others, like children, despite the massive social and
economic prejudices they faced. The half rhyme between "laugh" and "have" creates a sense of
mocking, which many would have felt, especially with the popularity of both Blues and Jazz with
the white communities, who couldn't understand the pain it came from. Perhaps the most popular
piece of Blues poetry that incorporates the technical devices of the genre is Hughes' Weary Blues.
The poem highlights how Jazz affected everyday life through its exaggerated musicality. This is
created through internal rhymes, alliteration and consonance which creates a similar rhythm to a
Blue song. The Blues influence can further be seen by the twelve bar stanzas and repeated use of
rhyming couplets which create a musical atmosphere. Hughes often refers to music in his poetry and
it seems to pose as a metaphor for feelings that can't be spoken, and these disenfranchised feelings
often dominated Blues songs. It showed where language failed, music could take over. We can see
that Hughes used music to inspire a generation and give them a

Harlem Renaissance & the Hip Hop Movement
Harlem Renaissance and the Hip–hop Movement
AN OVERVIEW The Harlem Renaissance and the Hip–Hop Movement are a culmination of co–
related cultural art forms that have emerged out of the black experience. White people understood
black people more through their expression of art during both movements. Both movements brought
about a broad cross–racial following and, ironically, in both instances brought about a better
understanding of the black experience for white America. The bridge between Be–Bop and Hip–
Hop was made by Quincy Jones with the "Back on the Block" project; which featured such artists as
Dizzie Gillespie, Miles Davis, Sarah Vaughn, Ella Fitzgerald, Tevin Campbell, Ice Tea, Big Daddy
Kane, Al B Sure, Barry White and many ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rent parties allowed for the residents of Harlem and other poor ghettos to pay their rent on time and
avoid eviction. The rent party also represented the way that African–Americans overcame the
oppressive surroundings of the ghetto. For example, in "Rent Party Jazz", written by William Miller,
a jazz musician gives a rent party in order to raise money for a certain family in need. In this way,
rent parties not only assisted people in paying the rent, but it also helped the growth and
development of jazz as a music genre. Through jazz music and the celebratory nature of the parties,
a community was built. [3] [4] The Harlem Renaissance arguably lasted about 15 years and is said
to have ended with the onset of the Great Depression. The European American infatuation with the
Negro declined in the 1930s, in large part due to the collapse of the stock market. Also, the
depression exposed the economic vulnerability of Harlem, given that much of the real estate in
Harlem was owned by European Americans; and when the depression hit, African Americans lost
their jobs at faster rates than European Americans, caused foreclosures on mortgages, evictions from
rental properties, and a depression and alienation from the American Dream that was expressed
violently in the first modem race riot,

The Men Who Built America Essay
Much credit was given to six men, for creating the foundation of America. The first 4 were
Cornelius Vanderbilt, John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and J.P. Morgan. Through shipping
and trains, oil and its development, steel and construction, and corporate finance, these men
constructed the foundation of our country. Through their careers, these men saw much change
during prosperous times that effected business then and ultimately in the long run. Cornelius
Vanderbilt was an American industrialist and philanthropist. His claim to fame and fortune was
through shipping and railroads, becoming one of the richest men in American history. Vanderbilt
took an interest in railroads in the 1850's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Andrew Carnegie was an industrialist who led the expansion of the steel industry in America. He
made his fortune in the steel industry, controlling the most iron and steel operations ever owned by
any individual in America. In the 1880's, his steel company was the largest manufacturer in the
world of pig iron, steel rails, and coke. The company had the capacity to produce about 2,000 tons
of pig metal per day. In 1892, he launched the Carnegie Steel Company which was combined of
Homestead Steel Works and a line of lake steamships which he bought in 1888. In all, by 1889,
Carnegie's empire consisted of Edgar Thomson Steel Works, The Lucy Furnaces, Pittsburgh
Bessemer Steel Works, the Union Iron Mills, the Keystone Bridge Works, the Union Mill, Hartman
Steel Works, the Frick Coke company and the Scotia ore mines. In 1901, Carnegie was 91 and
considering retirement. He made all the necessary preparations to his end and made negotiations
with J.P. Morgan to sell his company. March 2, 1901, the United States Steel Corporation was
formed and was the first corporation in the world with a market capitalization over $1 billion
(History.com). While Andrew Carnegie was building his steel empire, he realized that in order to
exceed production, he would have to make some changes. In 1892, labor declared a

The Countercultures: Once Pooh-poohed, Now Revered
Throughout American history, the countercultures have greatly influenced the societies of their
respective eras. The Quakers, the Harlem Renaissance participants, and the Hippies have had an
immense impact on American culture. This impact is especially apparent in the political actions and
art一audio and visual一of the countercultures' respective times. The Quakers first arrived in North
America after facing constant persecution under England's monarchical government. Led by
William Penn, Jr., the Quakers landed in the not–yet–founded colony of Pennsylvania. During the
early stages of their settlement, the Quakers and Native Americans had a mutual relationship; this一
at the time一was unheard of between European settlers and Native Americans. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is pronounced by one of the strongest products of the Harlem Renaissance, the National
Association for the Advancement of Colored People; this organization has taken a leading role in
pushing for legislation like the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Civil Rights Act of 1968. It has
also, since its founding, been an organization to be depended on for legal counsel in cases
concerning civil rights. The artists of the Harlem Renaissance too pushed for governmental reform
in their own rite. Harlem Renaissance poets like Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen, and Zora Neale
Hurston, and Harlem Renaissance artists like Aaron Douglas and Archibald Motley helped by using
their art to change public opinion; instead of lobbying, they changed the views of the lobbyists. Both
types of Harlem Renaissance participants though, en masse, helped to remold American culture into
its contemporary form.
The Hippies of the 1960s are one of the most recognized countercultures in United States history. Its
members included many of the most easily identified celebrities of the time, including Jimi Hendrix,
Jim Morrison, and Janis Joplin. The Hippie movement greatly influenced music to this day and
American culture as a whole. Due majoritarily to the Hippie movement, the Rock music genre saw a
sharp increase in popularity in the 1960s. In the years of and following the Hippie movement,
American ethical values also changed as they had become more liberal; images that

Grand Central Station : New York
Name Professor's name Course Date Grand Central Station 42nd Street, New York Abstract The
Grand Central Station or officially the Grand Central Terminal is one of the most remarkable
structures in the United States. It was built in New York City when railway transport was in its
heydays. The magnificent structure was built in an effort to pronounce the thriving status of the
nation's financial and cultural capital. The Grand Central Station was more than an aesthetic
structure. The beautiful façade covers the practical and innovative design and engineering that
complete the structure. The station was, therefore, designed with an aim of merging elegance with
efficiency. It could achieve the efficiency of providing transport to the many residents and visitors of
the city, while reflecting New York's restless energy and style. The Influence of Culture on the
Construction and Its Contribution to the Built Environment The terminal was a result of efforts of
two schools of thought. The first was led by New Yorkers that felt that the city was the cultural
capital of the nation and as such, it deserved to have a significant landmark. The second was led by
City Beautiful, a movement that had considerable influence in the city and wanted to transform it
into a capital of architectural excellence. Therefore, the building of the Grand Central Station was
able to fulfill both desires. The terminal that was built on 42nd Street in the city would revolutionize
the transport system

How Did Cornelius Vanderbilt Change America
During the Industrial Revolution, businesses, jobs, and manufacturing started to prosper rapidly. As
the businesses started growing, so did the economy. The power and wealth of business leaders
dramatically increased which had a great influence and became vital to the growth of the American
economy. One of the very famous business leaders during the Industrial Revolution was Cornelius
Vanderbilt. Cornelius Vanderbilt was a captain of industry who helped to make America strong.
Cornelius Vanderbilt was the the leader of steamboats and railroads who built important
infrastructures in the 1800s that helped the American economy to thrive. According to Charles R.
Geisst in his article Vanderbilt, Cornelius, before Vanderbilt entered the steamship industry, he
already owned a shipping business, but due to its unprofitable future because of the competition
with the newly introduced steamboats, he decided to sell all of his current ships and decided to enter
the steamship industry business. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
" In 1873, he continued to expand his railroad business and he acquired the Lake Shore and
Michigan Southern, which he merged with the New York Central in order to provide uninterrupted
service between New York City and Chicago Illinois, via Buffalo, Cleveland, and Detroit" (Charles).
This made transportation of goods and people more efficient and just proved how powerful
Vanderbilt when it comes to purchasing power. Cornelius Vanderbilt is also considered a
philanthropist even though he made a little bit of contributions compared to other business leaders.
During the Civil War, he helped the federal government fight its enemies, the Confederates, by
donating his ships to them. He also funded $1,000,000 to build Vanderbilt University in Tennessee

Empire State Building Research Paper
The once legendary Murray Hill, continues to run the best view of the Empire State Building. As
residents understand, the location from East 34th to 42nd Street and from the East River to Madison
Avenue represent genuine wealth and top notch New York citizenship. With the Chelsea portion of
Manhattan extremely near, the enriched beauty of the luxury condos and prewar buildings uphold
their prime along with brilliant landscaping and conveniences. Marray's Wharf started this luxurious
reputation, after a Quaker merchant named Robert Murray moved into the area from Pennsylvania.
During the mid–1700s Robert Murray and his family relocated to New York with no fear of success.
He began his journey as a member of the Society of Friends, and the patriotism of his family
continued throughout the Revolution during the late 1700s – ultimately, spending moments
entertaining the legendary likes of George Washington and the genre of the British. Unfortunately,
the Murray legacy was erased by the early 1800s due to fire and demolition, which is now parts of
New York and Harlem Railroad. Top Five Attractions – Murray Hill 1. Grand Central Terminal
(Landmarks & Historical Buildings, Train Stations) Midtown East 89 E 42nd St ... Show more
Rockefeller Center (Landmarks & Historical Buildings) Midtown West 45 Rockefeller Plz New
York, NY 10111 Phone number(212) 632–3975 4. Empire State Building (Landmarks & Historical
Buildings) Koreatown, Midtown West 350 5th Ave New York, NY 10118 Phone number(212) 736–
3100 5. The Ride (Bus Tours) Midtown West 584 8th Ave New York, NY 10018 Phone number(646)
664–1312 Today, Murray Hill remains popular by attaining a fine mix of entertainment, great eats,
and luxury housing. Additionally, the authorities are on their toes, and the city plans on providing a
safe environment for its citizens. While in Murray Hill, expect to be in the close proximity of
Midtown, Grand Central, and Gramercy Park. Bus and railway transit is

Ella Fitzgerald Research Paper
On April 25th 1917 Ella Fitzgerald was born in Newport News Virginia. Her parents divorced soon
after she was born. Her mother moved Ella and herself to Yonkers New York, where her long time
boyfriend resided. At fifteen, Ella's mother died and Ella went to live with her aunt. She was very
affected by the loss of her mother. Fitzgerald acted out and was sent to reform school, not long after
she ran away and lived on the streets independently.
Apollo, a club in Harlem, is notorious for their weekly amateur night. In 1934 Ella partake in this
tradition. She was planning on dancing but her nerves were so bad she could not stop shaking and
resorted to singing. She won the competition and was officially paroled in Chick Webb's band in
1935.

The Harlem Renaissance : A Time Of Happiness, Music, And...
The Harlem Renaissance was a time of happiness, music, and migration. Everyone was enjoying
this time. This was a time when blacks from the south started migrating north for better
opportunities. In the twentieth century, blacks started to move to the North as the train provided easy
access to Chicago and other Northern Cities (Wormser). For African Americans in this time period
there was not much to do in the south to make a reasonable living without being mistreated by
whites and they felt that the North had much more to offer them. Jim Crow in the South was quite
prevalent and African Americans knew that they weren't wanted and those who could afford it
decided to leave. In the city of Chicago there was a paper called the Chicago Defender that inspired
blacks to come to Chicago. The North was and had always been a way out to African Americans
since the time of slavery for a chance at freedom. Among those who migrated were the most creative
people in the South. Jazz Musicians came from New Orleans to play in Chicago, Kansas City, and
New York (Wormser).
One of the staple places that still holds true today to its roots of black culture in the twenties is
Harlem, New York. This is a place where the migration of southern artist really had an influence and
this fascinated the whites. The Harlem Renaissance in ways excluded jazz but however embraced
the poetry and writings of African Americans. Any benefit a burgeoning black contribution to
literature might have in defraying

W. E. B. Du Bois's Criticism Of Claude Mckay Â´ S Home To...
Among the critical responses to Home to Harlem, W.E.B. Du Bois's criticism of Claude McKay's
text seemingly speaks from an essentialist perspective. Du Bois simply found that McKay's
representation of black culture within his novel reproduced stereotypical and crude images which
white audiences desired in the midst of the Harlem Renaissance. In response to Du Bois, McKay
argued that the novel was created for a black audience, but, to delve even deeper outside of Claude
McKay's views, it could be argued that Home to Harlem does not produce a single identity at all.
Rather, Home to Harlem's perpetual mobility and movement invests in the idea of black "identity as
'production'" rather than as the exhibition of a "collective 'one true self'" ... Show more content on
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Had Felice not offered up Chicago as a new place of residence, Jake would have wound up exactly
how he'd started, having been "thinking a gitting away from the stinking mess [of Harlem]," a place
he'd previously designated as home, to "go on off to the sea again" (McKay 322). Throughout the
text, Jake frequents a variety of unique places, from Harlem to Pittsburgh to Brooklyn to the train in
which he "had taken [a] job on the railroad" (McKay 125). McKay's audience is privy to a plethora
of details regarding Jake's rousing endeavors in every new location he discovers. Home to Harlem's
audience watches as "that strange, elusive something" in Jake catches him and has him "[roaming]
away" and "wandering to some unknown new port, caught ... by some romantic rhythm, color, face,
passing through cabarets, saloons, speakeasies," and so on; in short, the emphasis on Jake's travels is
on his restlessness in his desire for movement rather than a search for some inner truth he may hold
(McKay 41). Thus, the picaresque novel employment of the episodic form is vital for Home to
Harlem as it allows for the motif of movement to be used for its potential. Not only that, though, but
it can easily be inferred that Claude McKay designed his novel to be structured in such a way with a
degree of intentionality. For whatever reason, McKay understood that an episodic format was the
best to display Jake's story. Thus, his audience must

Hudson River Railroad Research Paper
The Hudson River Railroad is one of numerous train lines that still in full operation along the
Hudson and into New York City. In the middle of the 1800s, many property owners along the
Hudson did not love the idea of a railroad; mainly because the railroad was noisy and cut them off
access from the river bank. However, the new railroad along the Hudson was necessary to built for
the public services, because during the winter months an average of 50 to 90 days of each year the
river is closed due to the ice. The annual freeze–up of the Hudson makes it impossible for any water
vessel to navigate in the water including steamboats. For instance, in the winter, when the river is
closed the railroad must do all the business such as transporting ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Hudson River Railroad attracted Cornelius Vanderbilt because it was clear that the railroads was
the smart money and this industry is what made Vanderbilt one of the most wealthiest man in the
late 1800s. In fact, Vanderbilt anxious to control the Railroads between New York City and Albany
lead to the acquisition of the Harlem Railroad and gain control of the New York Central. Therefore,
in 1864 Vanderbilt became the new owner of the Hudson River Railroad. Overall, the Hudson River
Railroad brought a more faster transportation and unified more those communities along the Hudson

The New York City's Government
New York City Government
New York City is the largest and one of the oldest cities in the United States, having been
'rediscovered' by Henry Hudson in 1609 while working for the Dutch East Indies Company. New
Amsterdam, as it was then known, was settled in 1614 by Dutch fur traders and became the most
important port in America. (Reed, 2011) The two rivers flowing on each side of Manhattan grant
easy access to the ocean, and Henry Hudson remarked that the harbor was the best natural harbor he
had ever seen in the world. For hundreds of years the city has been at the epicenter of world trade,
and immigration to the new world. Millions of immigrants have filled the streets of New York, from
Europe, Africa, South America, Asia, and elsewhere.
The city of New York has not always had as positive of a city government as the city's history may
suggest, however. It has had a mixed political system since its beginning, with its democratic
principles in question as corruption has taken hold of the city from time to time. Boss Tweed, a
notorious mayor from the 1860s, was so corrupt he was openly the mastermind of the city for thirty
years. His huge profit margins as a result of his control over the streetcar transportation system in
that time prevented the New York subway from being built until 1910. The Italian immigrants who
came from Sicily maintained traditional family ties, which soon became the American Mafia, which
controlled crime in the city from the 1920s until the

Who Is Cornelius Vanderbilt's Business
As a young boy, Cornelius Vanderbilt worked on ferries in New York City, quitting school at age 11.
By age 16, he was operating his own business, ferrying freight and passengers. On December 19,
1813, Cornelius Vanderbilt married his cousin and neighbour, Sophia Johnson (1795–1868),
daughter of his mother's sister. He and his wife had thirteen children one of which, a boy, died
young. By 1830, Vanderbilt's business had expanded to the Hudson River. Soon he controlled
coastal trade along the entire coast of New England. During the California Gold Rush, he ran a
steamship line from New York to California via Nicaragua. In the early 1860s, Vanderbilt started
withdrawing capital from steamships and investing in railroads. He acquired the New

Discrimination Of The North And African American
Shane Rigsby R.
History 313 – Prof Gorman
4/4/16
Discrimination in the north (African American) One of the most dramatic demographic events that
had a significant change in America would be the Great Migration. It had to do with the moving of 6
million of African American from the southern hemisphere of the united states to the northern
hemisphere around the time of the 20th century. To better explain this event in American history it
would be best to start with the chain of events that caused it in the first place. That starting point
would have to be the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863. This was an announcement that was laid
out to say that if any state if not by the start of the 1863 that is in rebellion would have all there
slaves declared free if they did not reunite back with America. Abraham Lincoln, being the president
at this time, pushed this through because would have hurt and reduce the South's capacity to start a
war by encouraging and threatening that their slaves would leave the southern lines and come to
America's. Once the slave would come and join America they would be enlisted into the army and
fight against the south. This defiantly was the most important and first act done to help Africans in
America because it helped bring up the idea of freed slaves, but this was only done as a war measure
because slave was at that time very essential to the South's war effort and did not have helping and
freeing slaves as the main idea. This announcement did not

African Americans : The Black Codes, And The Jim Crow Laws
By the turn of the 20th century, African Americans who were once slave, less than 50 years ago
were now full pledge citizens who can vote and exercise their rights as Americans. Reconstructive
efforts were issued to aid the newly emancipated black population, more several in the south.
Programs such as the Freedman's Bureau, provided free blacks and poor white with food, housing,
schooling and medical assistance in attempts for a better transition. However, freed blacks were met
with challenges with discrimination and segregation among their white societals. These challenges
came in forms of locally organized laws such as the Black Codes, and the Jim Crow Laws. When
those barriers were challenged or wasn't doing enough, violence is referred to in the epidemic of
lyncing. African Americans endured these hardships under restrictions both socially and
economically as blacks had little non economic mobility. Majority of the black population were
sharecroppers, household personnel and many were also illiterate. Not only did African Americans
suffered socially and economically but politically as well. Numerous cases are brought to the courts
to exercise their rights as citizen but were often shut down. The 1896, Plessy v. Fergusson, voted in
favor of segregation; as long as they are equal in what is being offered. But a break was in for the
African Americans to move north. The industrial cities of NY and Philly have already attracted
African Americans prior and in the year 1914,

Essay on The Harlem Renaissance
The Harlem Renaissance
The Harlem Renaissance refers to a prolific period of unique works of African–American expression
from about the end of World War I to the beginning of the Great Depression. Although it is most
commonly associated with the literary works produced during those years, the Harlem Renaissance
was much more than a literary movement; similarly, it was not simply a reaction against and
criticism of racism. The Harlem Renaissance inspired, cultivated, and, most importantly, legitimated
the very idea of an African–American cultural consciousness. Concerned with a wide range of issues
and possessing different interpretations and solutions of these issues affecting the Black population,
the writers, artists, performers and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These migrations created the first urban Black communities in the North, which flourished in
Chicago, New York, Detroit, and Cleveland.[ii]
In New York, in particular, a "sizeable chunk of real estate in the heart of Manhattan" had been
available, and, as it came to be occupied by Blacks, had become the site of "a series of literary
discussions in the lower Manhattan (Greenwich Village) and upper Manhattan (Harlem) sections."
These discussions were largely influenced by an increased availability of African–American
literature, one of the most important being the publication of The New Negro, an anthology of
works compiled by Alain Leroy Locke. Locke compared the northern migration of Blacks to
"something like a spiritual emancipation," and the anthology exposed people to the works of
Langston Hughes, Claude McKay, Zora Neale Hurston, among many others. These discussions
became known as the New Negro Movement, and as they fueled other social activity, specifically in
a spirit of 'progressivism' that believed in "art and literature as agents of social change," the Harlem
Renaissance.[2]
Although the works were about race and/or concerned about race, it is important to note that there
was not a single sociopolitical vision that dominated the works of the Renaissance. In addition to
Locke, there were two other extremely influential

Transportation In The 1800's
During the early 1800's America needed a type of transportation that was faster, cheaper, and more
reliable. So when in 1811 the British made the first successful railroad it did not take long for
Americans to start building the first common railroad the Baltimore and Ohio in 1828. After the
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was built America felt railroad fever and hundreds of railroads were
built. The Railroad changed the American economy and culture in just a few years.
People built so many railroads that within 10 years of the first railroad the amount of miles of canals
and railroads was the same. During the 1840's there were many improvements to railroad like the T–
Rail, cowcatcher and many others. The number of miles of railroad in 1840 was ... Show more
My railroad will be vastly different than the early American railroads because they were so
fragmented that "if a traveler wanted to go from Boston to Georgia, he could go by rail to to
Stonington,Connecticut; by steamer to New York City and across to Jersey: by rail to Washington,
via Camden,Philadelphia, and Baltimore: and by steamer forty miles down the Potomac to rail
service which would get him to Wilmington, North Carolina." After that take stage trip to Charleston
and the train to Hamburg and cross the river into Georgia (Stover 20–21.) In my Railroad if you
were in Johntown and wanted to get to Crayola you hop onto train go to Retroville and then Harlem
to New Orleans and finally New Orleans to Crayola and all through the convenience of the railroad.
My will cost 16,000 per mile and 10,000 per bridge and the total cost would total up to be
65,524,000 in total which is why I need a right of way 400 feet wide and for every mile of track, I
will be given 10 square miles of land for every mile of the railroad so I can build it. In return for all
of that I will deliver the mail for free and only use American steel to make my

Life and Work of Langston Hughes Essay
Life and Work of Langston Hughes
Early Years
James Mercer Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri, on February 1, 1902, to James
Nathaniel Hughes, a lawyer and businessman, and Carrie Mercer (Langston) Hughes, a teacher. The
couple separated shortly thereafter. James Hughes was, by his son's account, a cold man who hated
blacks (and hated himself for being one), feeling that most of them deserved their ill fortune because
of what he considered their ignorance and laziness. Langston's youthful visits to him there, although
sometimes for extended periods, were strained and painful. He attended Columbia University in
1921–22, and when he died he, left everything to three elderly women who had cared for him in his
last illness, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For a time, he worked as an assistant to the distinguished black historian Dr. Carter A. Woodson, but
he found the tedious research tasks disagreeable, and he was angered and offended by the harsh,
avert segregation of life in the nation's capital. He also began to make the acquaintance of writers
and intellectuals associated with the Harlem Renaissance, the extraordinary flourishing of black arts
and culture in the 1920's. He won prizes in poetry contests sponsored by the black journals
Opportunity and The Crisis, and also had poems accepted by Vanity, a leading mainstream journal of
the arts. In May 1925, Opportunity held a dinner for its award winners, where Hughes was sought
out by Carl Van Vechten, whom he had met the previous year. He was a photographer who had
interested himself in the Harlem Renaissance, asked recommend to his own publisher. Less than
three weeks later, The Weary Blues was accepted for publication by the prestigious New York firm
of Alfred A. Knopf. While waiting for the book's publication, Hughes was working as a busboy at
Washington's Ward man Park Hotel, where, while serving the poet Vachel Lindsay and his wife at
dinner, he left several of his own poems on the table. Lindsay read them that evening to a large
audience at his poetry reading, and the story of his "discovery" (he was unaware that Hughes had
already published widely in magazines and had a book in press, although he accepted the discovery
of these

The Autobiography of Malcolm X Essay
The Autobiography of Malcolm X By Alex Haley On May 19, 1925 Malcolm Little was born in
Omaha, Nebraska. His father was a Preacher who spoke out about the unity of black people. Which
caused several white racists to strike out against Malcolm's father and his family violently. His
family moved to Lansing, Michigan where Malcolm, his parents, brothers, and sisters were shot at,
burned out of their home, harassed, and threatened. When Malcolm was 6 years old, his father was
murdered by a white man. After his father's death his mother had a nervous breakdown and the
family got split up by welfare agencies. Malcolm was placed in a lot of different schools and
boardinghouses. He was a good student ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He went to Mecca, known as the Hajj, and this is a religious obligation that every orthodox Muslim
does at least once in a lifetime. On his pilgrimage to Mecca is where he started looking at things
differently. He saw that in the Muslim world the white man is brotherly. He met with, talked to, and
ate with people who in America were considered white. He now wanted to unite people of all races
under the power of one God and believed that blacks all over the world should join to combat
racism. Malcolm returned from the pilgrimage as El–Hajj Malik al–Shabazz. His pilgrimage
broadened his outlook on life. During his visit in the Holy Land he saw all races, all colors in true
brotherhood living in unity, living as one, and worshipping as one. He was questioned about this
because in the past he had preached out that whites were the devil and now he said that he will never
be guilty of that again. His friends are now black, brown, red, yellow, and white, which includes
capitalists, socialists, and communists. He now speaks out to his Harlem audience about peace and
proclaims that he is not a racist in any form, and he doesn't believe in any form of discrimination or
segregation. At the end of the book he

Today's Hellfighters
The 369th Infantry Regiment served 191 days under enemy fire in Europe. They returned home one
of the most decorated American units of World War I. The syncopated stylings of their regimental
band, led by James Reese Europe, introduced French listeners to American jazz. As soldiers, the
Harlem Hellfighters left their mark in the trenches of France. "We did not give ourselves our name
[the 'Harlem Hellfighters']," says Col. Reginald Sanders, a former commander of the 369th
Sustainment Brigade, which descended from the original World War I unit. "Our enemies gave us
our name, [which] is an honor."
Today's Hellfighters specialize in combat logistics in places like Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Mali.
But Sanders hasn't forgotten the unit's early ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People crowded the streets, welcoming home these brave soldiers. But despite this celebration, little
to nothing had changed in their day–to–day lives. And it would take another world war, and decades
of civil rights activism before the hopes of these African–American doughboys would be realized. In
fact, the inequalities experienced by these brave men is still being remedied today. Legislation
passed Congress in December 2014 to pave the way for Sgt. Henry Johnson, who served with the
369th, to receive the Medal of Honor for his actions during World War I. While there was no official
policy of discrimination regarding the Medal of Honor, during World War I prejudice in the Armed
Services prevented African–Americans such as Johnson from receiving the honor. But in death, the
Harlem Hellfighters no longer faced segregation. There are 169 members of the 369th Infantry
Regiment. There are 169 members of the 369th Infantry Regiment, 93rd Division buried or
memorialized at ABMC cemeteries–the majority at Meuse–Argonne, but also at Aisne–Marne,
Oise–Aisne, St. Mihiel, and Suresnes. As in all ABMC sites, these cemeteries are integrated. Race or
rank had no determination on burial

Cornelius Vanderbilt Symbolism
Cornelius Vanderbilt is a name that people in American society associate with success, wealth, and
prestige. Although the name may not be easily recognized by the average American citizen,
Cornelius Vanderbilt is a name that symbolizes greatness to the American elite, members of
academia, and aspiring businessmen who wish to someday build an business empire. The fact that
he is still well esteemed amongst a smaller group of elite members in society allows him to be
considered iconic. Cornelius Vanderbilt became the face of the American Dream through his
aggressive business efforts, became a symbol of American values by having a lasting economic and
historical impact, and defined what American royalty is. Cornelius Vanderbilt and the empire that he
built has had an influential impact on how many Americans see their country and the opportunities
within their reach. When people think of the American dream, what comes to mind is the ability to
become successful and prosperous despite one's social status. Vanderbilt followed this ideal
perfectly and became an example of what one can achieve when they have the American Dream.
Cornelius Vanderbilt was born into a humble beginning on May 27th in 1794. He was not raised in a
wealthy household rather he was born into a blue collar family in Staten Island, New York. He
attended school briefly and worked with his father ferrying produce and transporting cargo
throughout the harbor. Despite his circumstances, Vanderbilt

The Robber Barons: The Captains Of Industry
The American Industrial Revolution at the turn of the 20th century brought about a big change to the
way the United States operated. It called for long work hours, and high output. The Industrial
revolution was influenced by the men known as, "The Robber Barons" or "The Captains of
Industry." These men Included; Cornelius Vanderbilt, John Davison Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie,
John Pierpont Morgan, and Andrew William Mellon. These Captains of Industry and Robber Barons
would never have gained the level of influence and power that they had achieved if they had not
acquired great wealth.
A robber baron is a person who takes advantage of a resource by completely controlling it and
capitalizing off of it. A robber baron is usually a person who puts ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Vanderbilt donated a lot of his larger ships to the Union Navy, but the rest he sold for sum of nearly
$30 million. Vanderbilt bought the New York and Harlem Railroad along with the Hudson Railroad
when he was 70 Years old. These railroads ran along the Erie Canal. After this the ruthless
Vanderbilt wanted New York Central Railroad. He shut down the Hudson Railroad Bridge in order
to gain control over opposing railroad companies. When he shut down the bridge, he let the other
companies bleed until their stocks were really low and he bought as many as he could. He gained
complete access to three companies, The Hudson Railroad, The Harlem Railroad, and The New
York Central Railroad. Vanderbilt then brought all of his railroads together to make the Grand
Central Depot, which was the largest building of its time. The Grand Central Depot would be later
named the Grand Central Station. Vanderbilt's railroads helped the country transport goods and
people. The railways let America expand and develop from ocean to

Langston Hughes Influence On Harlem Renaissance
The Harlem Renaissance, occurring from the end of World War I to the Great Depression, was a
colorful explosion of artistic, social, and cultural movements. Acting as the center of this explosion,
Harlem drew upon the talents of many great African American writers, poets, musicians, and artists.
One such great talent was Langston Hughes. Langston Hughes wrote many essays, short stories, and
poems with the common theme of celebrating and vocalizing African American culture. Hughes's
representation Harlem changed and varied throughout his life, and is reflected in his numerous
poems. For much of his early body of work, Hughes viewed Harlem as a glittering and vibrant
neighborhood. However, as the peak of the movement dropped off into the doldrums of the Great
Depression, Hughes work took on a more cynical view towards Harlem. Harlem came to represent
the lost dreams of its citizens. This change in Hughes's ideals can be traced back to both ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The area is most recognized for the Harlem Renaissance taking place during the 1920's. Yet, many
events had to occur in order for the area to reach its cultural zenith. Originally, the Lenape Indians
occupied Harlem until Franco–Dutch settlers arrived. In 1664, the English then triumphed over the
Dutch and they led New York into the Revolutionary War era. For much of the early 19th century,
Harlem remained a small, yet fashionable settlement. The Harlem Railroad as well as the Civil War
brought even more wealth and infrastructure to the area. However, the Panic of Harlem in 1937,
caused by the large amount of poor immigrants, initiated the city of New York to annex the
neighborhood. This annexation proved to be a good thing for Harlem, as an economic recovery
triggered new life and the opportunity to examine a fascinating new culture (Osborne, Boghani). As
Harlem was brought into the 20th century, the upcoming Harlem Renaissance began to

Cornelius Vanderbilt: The Richest Americans Of The 19th...
Cornelius Vanderbilt was a self–made multi–millionaire known for shipping and railroad who end
up being one of richest Americans of the 19th century. Cornelius was born on May 27, 1794, in the
Port Richmond area of Staten Island, New York. Cornelius was at first a passenger ferry business in
New York harbor with one boat, then started his own steamship organization, and eventually
controlling Hudson River Traffic. Cornelius likewise gave the primary rail benefit between New
York and Chicago. When he passed away in 1877, Vanderbilt had amassed the biggest fortune
aggregated in the U.S. around then. According to biography.com, Vanderbilt is regarded as one of
America's leading businessmen and entrepreneur and is attributed for forming the present–day

James Baldwin Research Paper
James Baldwin was born on August 2nd, 1924 in Harlem, New York to a young single mother
named Emma Jones. She never talked about James's biological father because of his drug abuse and
she didn't want her baby boy to be put in danger by her ex–husband's problems, but Emma went on
to marry a Baptist Minister named David Baldwin when James was about three years old. James and
his stepfather had a strained relationship and even though this was true James still tried to follow in
his stepfather's footsteps. James also referred to his stepfather as his actual father. When James
reached his teen years he served as a youth minister in a Harlem Pentecostal church. He started at
the age of 14 and stopped at the age of 16. As James went through high school, he demonstrated a
true gift for writing and a true love for reading. The high school, he attended was DeWitt–Clinton
High School in Bronx New York. Baldwin worked on the school Magazine with future famous
Richard Avedon. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In these times of despair Baldwin had to take any work he could find. One of these jobs was laying
down railroad tracts for the US army in New Jersey. At this time in his life Baldwin had been facing
racial prejudice. He was not being served at bars, and restaurants. So one day Baldwin decided to
walk into a restaurant where he knew he wouldn't be served. When a waitress explained that Blacks
were not served at the restaurant he threw a glass of water shattering a mirror in the establishment
luckily he was not hurt or

The Harlem Renaissance : A Period Of Ethnic Rebirth
The Harlem Renaissance was a period of ethnic rebirth in the streets of Harlem, New York that
changed the way people viewed black culture and their art. During the Great Migration, hundreds of
African Americans packed their bags and moved north in search of a better life. There, they were
given the chance to express themselves through their music and literature. New artists, musicians,
and writers emerged from the city. Musicians like Duke Ellington and Billie Holiday performed in
clubs, showcasing their talent to white audiences. Artists and photographers like James VanDerZee
captured the real lives of black people living in America. Through the art, music, and literature of
the Harlem Renaissance, black culture becomes ours to share and appreciate. The Harlem
Renaissance began in the early 1900's when W.E.B DuBois became the Director of Publicity and
Research for the NAACP. Once he assumed this position, DuBois moved himself and his family
from Atlanta, Georgia, to New York City. He knew that the NAACP could not survive in the South,
where whites did anything to oppress and suppress black voices. Under DuBois, the National
Association for the Advancement of Colored People became an interracially run organization that
ensured equal rights. This defined the mission of the NAACP and inspired many blacks to do the
same. More black people began to move North along with other racial organizations such as the
Nation League on Urban Conditions Among Negroes. This large influx of

Great Migration Research Paper
Nichole Winter
Prof. Douglas Giacobbe
AMH–2020–V4
November 28, 2015
What were some issues that African–Americans faced during the Great Migration?
During the twentieth century more than six million African Americans migrated from rural
communities in the South to large cities in the North and West. One of the major causes of this
widespread movement was for African Americans to escape the segregation policies known as the
Jim Crow laws, racism, and to seek better civil and economic opportunities. They migrated to the
northern and western big cities because employment agents in the North and Midwest began
enticing African–American men and women to migrate north by offering to paying for their travel
expenses. The high demand for workers, higher pay, better education and better housing options in
the North sounded very appeasing to many African–Americans since their current living conditions
in the south were horrendous, and millions obliged to what they hoped was "a journey into
freedom".
African Americans migrated to large cities such as New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, and Detroit
mostly by train, boat or bus and few relocated by car or horse–drawn carts. Upon arriving to their
new homes in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Racial issues, living conditions, and labor work improved slightly from what they were in the South,
but it most definitely was not the fantasy world that employment agents had advertised and
promised in the beginning. The Great Migration came to an close in 1970. The end result of this
widespread migration resulted in a major decline of blacks living in the South. It was reported that
in 1900, "nine out every 10 black Americans lived in the South, and three out of every four lived on
farms, by 1970 the South was home to less than half of the country's African–Americans, with only
25 percent living in the region's rural

How Did Cornelius Vanderbilt Impact On America
"Law! What do I care about the law? Ain't I got power?". When Cornelius said this he meant that he
could pretty much be meant that he was so rich he could overrule the authority. Cornelius
"Commodore" Vanderbilt was one one of the first tycoons ever. Cornelius ended up being one of the
richest people in the world of his modern era. When Cornelius died, he was worth 100 million
dollars. Cornelius made a huge social impact by making the track gauge, laying train track rails all
around the USA and was one the first people to make monopolies. Cornelius "Commodore"
Vanderbilt was born on May 17, 1984, in Port Richmond, Staten Island, New York, U.S. Cornelius
quit school at 11 and started to work at a waterfront. In 1810 his parents gave him 100 ... Show more
The track gauge is a machine that measured the distance between each railroad track. Cornelius
ordered that all the railroads would be replaced with steel instead of iron. He did this for the fact that
steel was more durable and lighter than iron. Cornelius would soon be one of the richest people ever.
Cornelius would the first person to create a monopoly. Cornelius later bought so much railroad stock
that he pretty much owned it. An impact the Commodore on our society was that he laid railroad
tracks wherever he could put them. He acquired the Hudson river railroad and the new york central
railroad in 1869. Later he got the Michigan road and Harlem railroad in 1873. Vanderbilt was then
the first person to offer rail service from New York City to Michigan. Later the commodore made
the track gauge. Cornelius was the first person to create a monopoly. A monopoly was a system
where he could control the aspects of production of certain products. Cornelius inherited one of his
traits from his mother, he spent less than what he earned then saving and investing the difference.
Cornelius lived below his means and took care of his health which helped him build his fortune.
Cornelius died as one the richest people in

How New York Became a Melting Pot
New York was once called the "melting pot." Why? Many from different places with different races
and religions traveled to New York to try and camouflage in with others. In order to do so, it
required drastic changes. It could have meant changing their name, hiding their accent, adapting to
new food or new music. As you may see, for one to be a New Yorker, they were to melt their traits
into the New York culture for them to be equivalent to others. Now days, New York attracts people
worldwide like a magnet. Unlike the past, people remained with their culture. That is why New York
has become so diverse. As a result of that, in 2000 the census for New York State was 18,976,457
people, making New York the third largest state. Not only has the population grown, but also as of
2000, New York has a total of 62 countries! Let us travel back in time to about 3500 B.C.E. to learn
the origins of New York's people, which include the discussion of eight different groups of
immigrants. Around that time, Native Americans, mound builders, lived in the area, but their culture
spanned from the Mississippi River to the Atlantic Ocean, which is 5,404 miles in distance. So
imagine having such a wide capacity of land, they would be able to hunt and gather plants. If they
lived by the water, they too would be able to fish. Near the end of their stay, the Native Americans
grew corn and other crops. Long after they left, the first European travelers arrived. By then, two
tribes, the Iroquois and

The Work And Paintings Of Jacob Lawrence
For my research paper, I will be studying the work and paintings of Jacob Lawrence. Jacob
Lawrence was an American painter and was very highly commended African–American artist of the
20 century. What he is best known for is his Migration Series. He was born in Atlantic City, New
Jersey on September 7, 1917. When he was the age of two his mother deposited him and his two
younger siblings in foster care in Philadelphia after his parents divorced. When he was thirteen he
went to work in New York City and there he went to join his mother. He also spent fifteen years
teaching as a professor at the University of Washington. Lawrence was also widely known for
producing narrative collections such as the Migration Series and War Series. Shortly after Lawrence
had arrived there, he was introduced to art when his mother had enrolled him in Utopia Children's
Center, which then had an after school art program. At the age of 16 he dropped out of school and
took classes at the Harlem Art Workshop where it was taught by Charles Ashton and he very often
visited the Metropolitan Museum of Art. In 1937, he won a scholarship to the American Artist
School in New York. When he graduated in 1939 he had received funding from the Works Progress
Administration Federal Art Project. By that time, he had already established his own type of
modernism and that is then when he began to create his narrative series; where he would paint about
30 paintings or more for that one subject. In 1941, he had

The Harlem Renaissance Essay
Harlem Renaissance
The Harlem Renaissance was a time of racism, injustice, and importance. Somewhere in between
the 1920s and 1930s an African American movement occurred in Harlem, New York City. The
Harlem Renaissance exalted the unique culture of African–Americans and redefined African–
American expression. It was the result of Blacks migrating in the North, mostly Chicago and New
York. There were many significant figures, both male and female, that had taken part in the Harlem
Renaissance. Ida B. Wells and Langston Hughes exemplify the like and work of this movement.
Wells was a fearless anti–lynching crusader, women's rights advocate, journalist, and speaker. After
her ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Wells was on of the founding members of the NAACP. In 1930, Wells was disgusted by the
nominees for the state legislature, so she decided to run for Illinois State Legislature. This made her
one of the first black women to run for public office in the U.S. The Harlem Renaissance exalted the
unique culture of African–Americans and redefined African–American expression. She was a person
who never stopped believing in what she thought or knew was important to her and other people of
her race and gender. She had to have a large amount of courage to do all that she has accomplished
in her time, and this is why she is an important figure to the Harlem Renaissance.
Langston Hughes was one of the most important writers and thinkers of the Harlem Renaissance.
Hughes creative intellect was influenced by his life in New York City's Harlem neighborhood.
Hughes had a very strong sense of racial pride. Through his works he promoted racial equality and
celebrated the African American culture. It was in Lincoln, Illinois that Hughes started to write his
poetry. In November 1924, he moved to Washington D.C. where he published his first book of
poetry. Hughes is known for his insightful, colorful portrayals of black life in America. Langston is
also known for his commitment to jazz. Hughes refused to distinguish between his personal and
common understandings of black America. He

The Industrial Leaders of the 19th Century Should be...
The Industrial Leaders of the 19th Century Should be Admired for their Work
The industrial leaders, Robber Barons, of the 19th century are men who are very respected and
admired. Andrew Carnegie was a boy from Scotland who came over to this country with nothing.
He continued to save and work his way up in the industry until he had complete control over the
steel industry. John D. Rockefeller was also one who came from an ordinary home. When he saw an
opportunity, he took it, along with the risks. He came to control the oil industry. Another man that
took many opportunities to expand and grow was Cornelius Vanderbilt. These men saw what they
needed to do to become successful and they did it. These men's' lives reflected the ... Show more
He sold the company to J. P. Morgan, for which he personally received $250 million of the $492
million Morgan paid for it. He supported and began many corporations and institutions. Many
positive establishments were created only because of his generous donations. To this day many
people are still benefiting from the large Carnegie fortune. Cornelius Vanderbilt was the most
powerful railroad baron. He earned a fortune for himself in the steamship line. He also combined the
New York and Harlem and New York and Hudson estate ferry boat operations. He established a
connection between New York and Albany to make Lake Shore and Michigan Southern link Buffalo
with Chicago. When he died he owned and operated nearly 4500 miles of track between New York
City and most of the important cities in the Midwest. He left his fortune to his son, unlike the others
he did not donate to many organizations. The only contribution he gave was to support the, now,
Vanderbilt College.
John D. Rockefeller also started at humble beginnings. By taking risks and investing he found
himself engulfed in the rapidly expanding oil industry. Not yet in the business directly he started his
own company, The Standard Oil Company of Cleveland. Rockefeller's stake in the oil industry
increased as the industry itself expanded caused by the rapidly spreading use of kerosene. The
Standard Oil eventually, in a few years, purchased and controlled almost all the refining firms in
Cleveland, plus two refineries

Arguing for Authenticity: A Comparison and Contrast of...
"[F]uture commentators on American poetry and political issues will not be able to ignore the ...
authentic voice of the region," argues Barry Ahearn, author of the article Poetry: 1900 to the 1940s,
which discusses the importance of the author writing about his or her region of choice in their poetry
and how it affects their writing (Ahearn 373). Ahearn discusses writers such as Sterling A. Brown,
Langston Hughes, H.D. (Hilda Doolittle), Robert Frost, Robinson Jeffers, Edna St. Vincent Millay,
Lorine Niedecker, George Oppen, John Crowe Ransom, Charles Rezikoff, Muriel Rukeyser,
Gertrude Stine, Wallace Stevens, Sara Teasdale, William Carlos Williams, and Louis Zukofksy. The
purpose of mentioning so many, claims Ahearn, is to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, poetry as a whole is the art of meticulous observation and ability to express every
observation into words that, potentially, move the reader into action. The action may be climbing a
mountain, or simply thinking deeper into a subject. At the same time, Robert frost uses his powers of
observation and literary skills as a Modern poet to express the attractive properties of the woods
against the realities of responsibility.
In "Stopping By Woods on a Snowy Evening" Frost uses a voice that recognizes how humanity has
somehow forgotten nature, it is a mourning for the natural world. The speaker displays some disdain
for the responsibilities at home. For example, the speaker laments how, "The woods are lovely, dark
and deep, / But I have promises to keep," which show how the speaker desires to stay and look over
the beautiful scenes of nature but cannot because of accountabilities at home (13–14). The speaker
exhibits a longing for inner peace; however, the speaker cannot achieve what this peace because of
"promises" or responsibilities that the speaker holds in his/her life, (13–14). The responsibilities may
also be attributed to the ringing of the bells, which are on the horse of the speaker's carriage,
symbolizing as a reminder for what the speaker still needs to do before taking time to observe the
woods. The speaker is taking time to notice the implied

Summary Of Ann Path Petry
African american essayist Ann path Petry skillfully enlightened those extent for dark and white
american knowledge done her novels, short stories, Also other meets expectations. Those Street, her
The majority well known novel, might have been An hard–hitting social discourse on the despair
from claiming dark urban an aggregation in the 1940s. Distributed in 1946, those novel sold 1. 5
million duplicates and brought Petry to national consideration. Those sway about Petry's composing
keeps on being appreciated: abstract critics acclaim her Likewise those The majority fruitful
supporter of the 1940s "Richard Wright school" about urban protest writing; Furthermore bootleg
feminists refer to the road as the primary african–american novel in which parenthood will be An
major subject. On addition, dark feminists recognize Petry to indicating through the road 's principle
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Done 1938, she wedded George d. Petry, another York puzzle writer, and moved on new york city.
Ann quickly discovered an occupation as an promoting salesman and news hound to those
amsterdam news and the individuals' Voice, two harlem daily papers. Her Initially distributed short
story, "Marie of the lodge Club", seemed to An 1939 release of the afro American, under a male
pseudonym, arnold Petry. Beginning On 1943, the Crisis, Opportunity, What's more other dark
diaries distributed A greater amount of her short stories under her identity or name, including "On
saturday the siren resonances at Noon" (1943) and "In haziness & Confusion" (1947, over the
harlem riot from claiming 1943). Martha Foley printed Petry's story "Like An Winding Sheet"
(1946) in the best american short Stories about 1946 Also committed those volume to Ann. On 1945,
Petry won the houghton Mifflin artistic partnership for those starting sections of her initial novel, the

The Civil War And The End Of Reconstruction

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