Advantages And Disadvantages Of Microcontroller

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Microcontroller
A Microcontroller is a single–chip microcomputer that contains all the components such as the CPU, RAM, some form of ROM, I/O ports, and timers.
Unlike a general purpose computer, which also includes all of these components, a micro controller is designed for a very specific task – to control a
particular system. Micro controllers are sometimes called embedded microcontrollers, which just means that they are part of an embedded system. A
microprocessor is a general–purpose digital computer with central processing unit (CPU), which contains arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), a program
counter (PC), a stack pointer (SP), some working registers, a clock timing circuit, and interrupts circuits.
The main disadvantage of microprocessor is that it has no on–chip memory. So we are going for micro controller since it has on–board programmable
ROM and I/O that can be programmed for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The series of diodes used is IN4007.
ii) Filters:
The output of a rectifier contain d.c component as well as a.c component. Filters are used to minimize the undesirable a.c., i.e. ripple leaving only the
d.c.an inexpensive filter for light load in the capacitor filter, which is connected directly across the load for high pass filter resistance should be
connected in parallel with capacitor and output is taken across capacitor. When low pass filter is required output is taken across the resistance.
iii)Voltage regulators:
In an unregulated power supply, the output voltage changes whenever. The input voltage or load changes. A voltage regulator is an electronic
component that provides a stable d.c voltage independent of the load current, temperature and a.c. line voltage variations. Component series used as
voltage regulator is 78xx and 79xx. Since it is required to connect capacitor before the voltage regulator in order to block a.c current totally. For 12v
output, operating range of capacitor should around of 25v, which is quite sufficient to drive
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Implementation Of The Sdn Switch Core, Interconnection Of...
This section contains information about the implementation of the SDN switch core, interconnection of multiple SDN switches with the SDN
controller (PowerPC) and the attacker nodes (Microblaze). The main functionality of the SDN switch is to modify packet header fields based on the
flow table and forward it to the next port(s). The SDN controller is responsible for programming the flow table in each switch and monitor these
switches to observe each packet flow. The Microblaze processor, acting as attacker nodes plays the role of an outside network and transmits packets at
different programmable rates to the SDN switch network using an array of packet drivers. The big picture showing the connection between different
components is given in Figure 3.1. The chapter is divided into two main sections. Section 3.1 describes the details of hardware implementation and
section 3.4 describes the software implementation. 3.1SDN Switch The Figure 3.2 shows the implementation of a 4 Г— 4 programmable switch
implemented with store and forward architecture. It contains multiple internal registers for software access to provide insight about the traffic flowing
through the switch. This switch is a simplified version of NetFPGA's 1G Switch [21]. The logic is customized so that multiple switches can fit in to
one FPGA. This switch provides 10–tuple matching to identify a flow and can support 32 flows at a time. The flow lookup table is implemented in a
hash table which is programmed by

In The Description Of The Hack Machine Language In Chapter 4
Q1. In the description of the Hack machine language in chapter 4, it is stated that in well–written programs a C–instruction that may cause a jump
should not contain a reference to M, and vice versa. Discuss why this should be avoided.
In order to access the value of M in a C instruction, the A register is used to contain a pointer / address of the location of the value of M, in memory
(RAM). In a jump instruction, the A register is used to contain the pointer / address of the next C instruction in the instruction ROM, should the jump
be triggered (Nisan & Schocken, 2005, p. 69)
@10Set A equal to 10.
M:JEQIf the value of M at address A (10) in the data RAM) is equal to 0 then Jump to the C instruction at... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This interrupt takes the form of a memory address of code needed to handle the interrupt (in this case print a file). Alternatively a simple pulse can
be sent over the signal line. This results in additional processing for the CPU prior to step 4 to pole the devices and find the one responsible. In this
case the device id becomes a pointer to an array containing the address of the event handler for that device (Zaks,1980, p. 506).
3. When the CPU receives the interrupt it suspends processing and saves off all data and registers associated with it's current processing tasks.
4. The CPU then loads the first line of the event handling code and sends the required data to print following the event code instructions.
5. When the processing is complete the CPU reloads the previously suspended program's registers/commands/data, and processing continues from
where it left off.
This is a basic view of standard interrupt handling. Additional or alternative solutions continue to be developed and added across many different
platforms. Here are some additional approaches.
Concurrent Events: Since it takes time to process an event, other events may stack up. In this case a software stack using push and pop is often used
to track events. Alternatively where few events are expected and speed is of essence a hardware stacks using registers could be used to accomplish the
same task.
Event Priorities: Some systems might

Advantages And Disadvantages Of SCADA
SCADA
SCADA is an acronym for 'Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition'. It can be defined as 'is a system operating with coded signals over
communication channels so as to provide control of remote equipment"
SCADA is one of the oldest methods to control data across a network. Unlike many other software's used in the industry,SCADA can be used in any
field, be it in electrical power control, mechanical machinery, civil projects, data managements etc. This versatility means more than one type of
system, for example both electrical and mechanical systems can be controlled by one software from the same place at the same time.
A basic SCADA layout is as shown in the figure. The SCADA has three main components
1.RTU
2.Communication Network ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Data Acquisition: It should collect information from RTU and display it to the operator
2.Control: The SCADA should allow the operator to control the devices directly from the SCADA control room.
3.Data Processing: The SCADA should have the ability like collecting data, check its quality and integrity, check for the limits etc.
4.Tagging: The SCADA allows the operator to tag certain specific operation restrictions to prevent from unauthorized operation.
5.Alarms: The SCADA systems have the capability to alert the operator of fault conditions and undesirable operating conditions in order of their
criticality and severity.
6.Logging: SCADA should log all operator entries, alarms and selected entries
7.Trending: This are graphs that the SCADA plots continuously on the selected items in the selected scale
8.Archiving: The SCADA software typically saves all the information for later review and research purpose. Usually the reports are transferred to an
external database for permanent archiving if so desired.
Project

Automatic Punching Machine
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
1.Introduction
2.Synopsis
3.Block Diagram
4.Block Diagram Description
5.Circuit diagram
6.Circuit description
7.Component details
8.Working of project
9.Fabrication of PCB
10.Application
11.Future development
12.Cost estimation
13.Conclusion
14.Bibliography
INTRODUCTION
Introduction:
The automation is now carried on not only industries but also houses. The automation of a particular system avoids the total care about the system.
Nowadays lot of components and techniques are available to automate the particular field. Here we are going to automate the necessary things in
houses. To carry on the automation process PLC based technique is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Regulator 5. Indicator

The ordinary low power E & I core transformer is used to get required voltage. It is basically step down transformer, which reduce the voltage from
mains supply depending upon the output voltage. The rectifier sections convert AC into DC. The rectifier is designed using four 1N 4007 diode. It is
a bridge type rectifier, which give full cycle conduction output. The capacitor based filter section smooth the rippled DC and make it as pure DC. The
smoothing level is increased by increasing filter capacitor value. The regulator block is designed using 78 XX series.
The regulator is selected to get constant voltage at output side. We can give input voltage up to 30V. The LED indicates circuit is on live. This circuit
arrangement gives constant voltage output.
Power Supply Design Concept:
Transformer Selection:
Voltage Rating = DC output voltage +5V Current Rating = required current +1/2 required current.
Type: Ordinary Transformer = Half wave & Bridge rectifier
Control Tape Transformer = Full wave rectifier.
Example:
For +5v @ 1A RPS Transformer Voltage Rating
Voltage = 5V + 5V = 10V
Transformer Current Rating
Current = 1A + 0.5A = 1.5A
Type:
Ordinary Transformer = 0–10v @ 1.5A Center Tapped Transformer = 10– 0 – 10V@ 1.5A
Practical Selection of Transformer:
0 –9V @ 2A (Or) 9V–0–9V @ 2A
Diode Selection for Rectifier (Based on Load Current):

1N 4007– 1A 1N 5408– 2A 6A 4 Mic– 3A

My Training At Finetech Controls Pvt
ABSTRACT
The focus of my training at Finetech Controls Pvt. Ltd. was Industrial Automation and its applications in the modern era of industries, be it in
manufacturing, quality control, or material handling processes. During this period I was made aware about the fundamentals and components involved
in the field of automation, from manual switches to sophisticated sensors, along with their operating principles, powering circuits and application
based installation. Training was also provided on the operation of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) in order to control each of the various
components involved in a process with a purpose to remotely control, troubleshoot and manipulate that process in accordance with the need of the
industry, all with the help of a computer device. It also comprised of the basics about Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) and their applications in
speed and rotational direction control of motors.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
S. No.TopicPage
1.Abstracti
2.Introduction 1
3.Components of Industrial Automation:
1.Switches
a.Mechanical Switches
b.Electromechanical Switches
c.Electronic Switches – Sensors
2.Controllers : Timers and Counters2
2
7
12
19
4.DRIVES

1.VFDs
2.Fundamental Function Codes 23
24
26
5.PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS
1.Components of a PLC
2.Fundamentals of PLC
3.Programming
4.A Scaled Conveyor System27
28
29
31
35
6.Conclusion and Scope38
7.References39 INTRODUCTION
Automation is a term which is used widely

Stuxnet Worm
STUXNET Worm Webster University SECR
–5080 Information Systems Security Author Note Certificate of Authorship: This paper was prepared by
me for this specific course and is not a result of plagiarism or self–plagiarism. I have cited all sources from which I used data, ideas, or words either
quoted or paraphrased. Abstract Discovered in June of 2010, a computer worm called Stuxnet was designed to attack programmable–logic controllers or
PLCs that are used to control switches and values in industries that operate a specific type of on Siemens PLC device using Step7 software running
on a Windows operating system. The worm was successful because it was able to exploit a of four zero–day flaw of Windows operating system. Stuxnet
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Figure 2: Flash Drive Then the virus hid itself and become dormant once it enters the host system using digital signatures, from trusted computer
companies that are encrypted data bits that notify computers that the software is legitimate, allowing for free travel of the virus from computer system
to computer system. Most viruses use hacked or forged digital signatures to gain access to computers. The digital signatures used in Stuxnet was unique
in that it used real signatures obtained from Realtek, a trusted name in the semiconductor business, the new virus had unlimited access to any computer
system it entered. Figure 3: Realtek Semiconductor Corp Logo (RealTek, n.d.). Figure 4: Realtek Certificate (Symantec, 2010). How Stuxnet Works
Using Windows operating system the Stuxnet worm attacks computer systems by using four separate zero–day attacks via Windows. Stuxnet uses
vulnerability in the way Windows handles shortcut files to spread to new systems. The worm was designed from the bottom up to attack Supervisory
Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, or those used to manage complex industrial networks, such as systems at power plants and chemical
manufacturing facilities (Broad, W., Markoff, J., & Sanger, D., 2011). Stuxnet is spread initially via removable flash drive to use exploits such as
peer–to–peer RPC to infect and update other

Application Of Sdn And Its Architectural Principle
Emerging new trends in information and communication technologies domain, in particular mobile, social, cloud and big data are urging computer
networks for high bandwidth, ubiquitous accessibility and dynamic management. However, traditional approaches based on manual configuration of
patented devices are unmanageable and error prone. Also traditional approaches cannot fully utilize the capability of the physical network infrastructure
and its resources. In response to the aforementioned requirements of computer networks, one solution would be to make additional investment in the
network. In this paper, we survey the SDN literature and aim at presenting the definition of SDN and its architectural principle. We also discuss about
research... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since 2012, however, many companies have moved away from OpenFlow protocol, and have embraced different techniques for the purpose of
determining the path of network packets across network switches. These include Cisco Systems ' Open Network Environment and Nicira 's network
virtualization platform. Google had big problems like high financial cost managing their data centers, delayed caused by rebuilding connection after
link failure. Google went ahead and implemented SDN. In 2013, they built their hardware and wrote their own software and surprised the industries
by announcing that SDN is possible in production. They named it B4, a private WAN connecting Google's data centers across the planet. B4 has a
number of unique characteristics like Massive Bandwidth requirement, Elastic traffic demands and full control over edge servers and network. We
compared the performance of various workloads between SDN (OpenFlow and ProGFE), running in the user space of Linux, and non–SDN (dedicated
application that executes the networking tasks directly, e.g., pure Linux forwarding) running in the user space (for comparison), and in the kernel
space (to explore the PC potential). The following workloads were examined: IP routing, as a rather simple Forwarding Element task, and VLAN
tagging, which represented a more complicated task for an FE. In order to evaluate performance, we ignored the indirect

Reactor Process Parameter Monitoring Using Plc And Hmi
Reactor process parameter monitor using PLC and HMI Abstract –our paper outlines the basic stage of operation required to automate the reactor. Over
the years demand for high quality, better efficiency and automated machines has increased in this globalized world. It briefly explains the process
followed by the industry to automate an entire plant. This project basically focuses on the primary part of monitoring the parameters namely the
temperature and the pressure. As the reaction proceeds in the reactor the temperature and pressure of the same varies. The temperature and pressure are
measured using various temperature sensors like RTD and pressure sensors like pt100 respectively. Our aim is therefore to monitor them on HMI
which is connected to PLC via a communication cable. (Keywords–PLC–Programmable logic controllers, HMI–Human machine
interface,RTD–Resistor temperature detector ,pt100–pressure transistor 100 pascals) 1.INTRODUCTION Automation is the use of various control
systems for operating equipment such as machinery, processes in factories,boilers and heat treating ovens,switching on telephone networks,steering and
stabilization of ships,aircraft and other applications with minimal or reduced human intervention. Automation has been achieved by various means
including mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic,electrical,electronic devicesand computers , usually in combination . 2.LITERATURE REVIEW A.
control of boiler operation

Case Study Of Schneider Electric
Schneider Electric India Pvt. Ltd is a 100% subsidiary of Schneider Electric industries, a globally known company whose energy efficient solutions
are benefitting major population of the world and also (( is a global specialist in energy management. )) The company's dynamic performance has
already set a standard in the global market and in India its plan to meet the energy standards as well as corporate social responsibility is ambitious.
Schneider has been in India for more than 50 years and since inception its focus on sustainability and CSR has been aligned to its business process. In
India the company stepped into its first project with a joint venture between Merlin and Gerin with Tata sons and Voltas in 1963 and in 1995 it became
a 100%... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The purpose of this policy is to ensure total satisfaction for all of our customers, shareholders and employees through the continuous development and
improvement of products, services and the skills of our employees. Our policy of dynamic quality is built on seven principals Constantly listening to
our customers to ensure the sustainable improvement of their satisfaction. Commitment from all levels of management and employees. Openness of
communication. Systematic measurement and communication of performance. Control and improvement of processes, products and services.
Recognition of exemplary actions. Sharing our quality policy with our internal and external partners. Dynamic quality is planned Specific plans are
deployed through our Annual Quality Assessment and the progress is measured

The Faults Of The Power Grid
Chapter: 1 Introduction
In today's modern world is heavily dependent on continuous and reliable power supply. Many of the industrial processes, manufacturing, production,
repairing, maintenance and not to forget a whole city is heavily dependent on this continuous supply. It is a harsh reality to live in system without
problems is next to impossible. This problems in general are called 'faults' in the power grid language.
On daily basis many faults occur on the power grid and steps are to be taken to eliminate/remove this faults as quick as possible. If the fault persists
for long it could result in a havoc and loss of huge amount of money, which is unacceptable.
The faults mainly occurring on a power grid includes over–current, over–voltage and short circuit. It is also a harsh reality that this problems cannot be
to some extent kept in mere attention of humans, whose capability and speed to some extent are limited.
Hence a fast acting mind is required that takes care of this problem. To solve this problem PLC (Programmable logic controller) comes into the picture.
It is used to operate relays (a type of switch) which in turn assists the CB (circuit breaker) to isolate the faulty part from the healthy one as quick as
possible. It operates as per the logic stored in the mind of the PLC by the user. The program language used in PLC is very much simple and
user–friendly as compared to other previously used software i.e. micro–controller. The programs can be fed to the brain

The Uk Manufacturing Industry Is The Third Largest Of The...
1.1MOTIVATION OF THIS RESEARCH
The UK manufacturing industry is the fifth largest in the world [1] and it is a significant contributor to the UK's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). As
examples, the UK aerospace and defence industry is the second largest in the world, accounting for $40bn of annual sales and the UK has the third
largest automotive industry in Europe, with total sales of around ВЈ9bn (11% of the UK's total exports) [2].
In manufacturing, automation has replaced some dangerous, mundane, arduous and routine manual operations, for example, transportation of heavy
parts, stamping of large parts, repetitive welding and bolt fastening. However, skilled operators still carry out critical manual processes in various
industries such as aerospace, automotive and heavy–machinery. Most of these processes are complex because operators receive a high number of
inputs or because the relations among inputs change dynamically over time (or both). These inputs are; вЂЋparts, tools, вЂЋinformation cues,
вЂЋstimuli, data or вЂЋprocedure [3]. In addition, if these inputs are affected by variability, the complexity of the process will increase.
In the context of manufacturing, variability is suggested as a main cause of lack of robustness in вЂЋвЂЋproduction processes. It can be defined as
any unwanted deviation from some pre–determined requirements [4]. As manufacturing processes are not perfect, some manufactured parts have
uncontrolled geometric variations from the nominal values. These

Assessment of the Scada, Stuxnet Worm on US and Global...
Assessment of the SCADA/Stuxnet Worm on U.S. and Global Infrastructures
The rapid proliferation of malware and sophisticated computer viruses capable of electronically interrupting and dismantling nuclear sites, key elements
of infrastructure to the Programmable Logic Controller device level while "learning" or accumulating knowledge at the same time is becoming more
pervasive. The well–known Stuxnet worm, which experts theorize was originally funded and supported technologically by one or more nations to attack
Iran's Bushehr reactor (Greengard, 2010) is one of the most strategically lethal cyberweapons in existence today. What makes the Stuxnet worm so
lethal is its ability to traverse and navigate Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) networks, targeting specific devices and programmable
controllers down to the manufacturer and operational block level (Network Security, 2010). The Stuxnet worm is widely believed to be designed to
quickly navigate the Microsoft–based platform of the Iranian Bushehr reactor and disable it from operating, as this nation is widely believed to be
using the reactor to produce uranium for their weapons program (Network Security, 2010). The stealth–like nature and speed of the Stuxnet worm has
also been problematic to catch even in controlled SCADA–based infrastructure systems. The level of sophistication of this threat is at a level not seen
before by many organizations and national security agencies (Greengard, 2010). The intent of

Fpgas Advantages And Disadvantages
I.INTRODUCTIONWith the advent of modern controls theory and in the semiconductor technology, the use of high sophisticated technologies,
advance digital controllers and embedded systems which include microprocessors, DSPs (digital signal processors), ASICs (application–specific
integrated circuits), and FPGAs (field–programmable gate arrays).in the area of AC power control have become global challenges nowadays[1].
Recently FPGAs have become a good alternative answer and have been generally accepted as a tool for the controller`s platform in high performance
embedded control system[2]. This device completely give inventors the ad–liberty to use their design customs adapted to their area of applications, by
allowing both hardware and software to be customized at very low cost[3], it has a key impact on hardware or software co–design and they are used as
devices for rapid pro–to typing, and for final products[4]. This find application in sophisticated motor drive systems, such as fully integrated
controllers, sensor less control, sensor less control with an extended Kalman filter algorithms, and adaptive fuzzy based controller[5]. Also in some
application like Intelligent maximum power point trackers for photovoltaic applications, Realization of active power filter based on indirect... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Indeed, these devices belong to the so called semi–custom Application Specific Integer Circuits (ASICs). The latter low cost devices consist of
predesigned (by the manufacturer) elementary cells and interconnections that can be programmed and interconnected by the user. This has the credit to
allow rapid–prototyping solutions and make the design process more flexible and cheaper. This is not the case for full–custom ASICs, which are
manufactured for a specific application and cannot be user

Implementing Complex Protocols On The Network System
Introduction:–
In the present computer networks are being built by implementing complex protocols on an array of network devices such as routers, switches and
middleware like ISD intrusion detection systems and firewalls systems. In order to allow the network to be modified to the changing environment, the
network Administrator have to manually configures all new configuration policies by converting them into the low level commands that are supported
by the system. Companies need to depend on the network vendors in order to deal with the problems related to security, scalability, manageability and
other issues. Many efforts have been done to make the network programmable even before the SDN. Some of those are Forces (2003), Routing Control
Platform (2004), Ethane (2007), and Open Flow (2008).
Main body:–
Network technology passed many stapes to reach the advance level it is now a days. The first step was how to control a packet–switched network
which started the project Forces which was implemented in 2003. It has Protocols for multiple control elements and forwarding elements, the project
failed because it requires standardization, adoption, deployment of new hardware. After the failure of Forces a new project have been applied called
Routing Control Platform (RCP) which was implemented in 2004.The RCP computes routes on behalf of routers, the RCP uses existing routing protocol
(BGP) to communicate routes to routers. The RCP Convert the best route of internal routing

My Experience As An Intern:. Reflection Paper.. Mohammed
My Experience as an Intern: Reflection Paper Mohammed A. Ali Texas A&M University Commerce For my internship, I had the pleasure of working
at HCM Systems Inc which is located in the west suburbs of Chicago. HCM is a leader in complete material handling systems integration for the
distribution and manufacturing industries. HCM Systems, specializes in package and unit load handling, automatic single line and multi–line
palletizing, accumulation conveyor systems, sortation, identification and special custom devices to fulfill specific material handling applications. I had
the opportunity to serve as software engineer/ Qualitative Analysis. I worked very closely with the senior developer to work on various projects and
perform... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He advised me not to call myself an intern because it lowers the expectations both that I have of myself and that others have of me. I had a few other
encounters with Michael and he continued to strike me as a very powerful and impressive man. From him I learned the importance of appearance,
confidence, competence, and leadership which I plan to implement in both my professional and personal life from here on. In general, I am pleased to
say that my goals were largely fulfilled. From my very first day on the job, I was very keen to know as many employers as possible in the firm and
scheduled a number of informative interviews during lunchtime throughout my internship. In addition to attending all the scheduled talks and team
meetings, I assisted the project manager with the documentation of project requirement. As for experiencing the great work environment, I achieved the
goal by default by treating myself as a full–time employee, doing all of my assigned work in good faith and accepting responsibilities. In regards to
specific skills that I developed on the job, my interpersonal and research skills improved the most. As an intern, I had to interact with different people
every day, from senior managers to all the engineers and this experience has enabled me to develop and employ different modes of communication
based on the specific circumstances. As for my research skills, I had to do extensive research

The Controller Of Sdn Architecture : Stronger New Heart...
The Controller in SDN architecture:
Stronger new heart for Broadband Network
Tian Mei
Illinois Institute of Technology
Computer Science college
Stuart Building 10 W 31 ST
Chicago, United States tmei1@hawk.iit.edu Abstract–Software–Defined Networking (SDN) is a new intelligent architecture which is composited by
several kinds of network technology aimed at making the network as agile and flexible as possible. The SDN Controller is one of the most important
components in the SDN architecture. The SDN Controller can help the network architecture to reduce hardware limitations, and allowing network
engineers and administrators to respond quickly to changing business requirement. It indicates the perfect relationships between software ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
SDN architectures decouple network control and forwarding functions, enabling network control to become directly programmable and the underlying
infrastructure to be abstracted from applications and network services. Figure 2. SDN Architecture
II.SDN CONTROLLER
1. At first, the SDN Controller is designed as the following functionsпјљ
(1) "Translating the requirements from the SDN Application layer down to the SDN Data paths."
(2) "Providing the SDN Applications with an abstract view of the network (which may include statistics and events). "
An SDN Controller consists of one or more NBI Agents, the SDN Control Logic, and the Control to Data–Plane Interface (CDPI) driver. As in Figure 3
shows, an SDN controller will command the switches, the switch will do what actions they should take by the southbound API. Open Flow is the only
way between an SDN controller and switches. Anther need to point out is that the programmability of SDN controller is by implementing a northbound
API. The
Figure 3. SDN and Switch & Open flow
2. The Functions of SDN controller.

The SDN controller have ten factors totally. As fig.4 shows, there are 1. Open Flow Support, 2. Network Virtualization, 3. Network Functionality, 4.
Scalability, 5. Performance, 6. Network Programmability, 7. Reliability, 8. Security of the Network, 9. Centralized Management and Visualization, 10.
The SDN Controller Vendor.
For example, for the security of the Network, the SDN

Software Defined Networks : Cloud Administrations
3. SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORKS
Cloud administrations are blasting and organizations are uniting their server farms all together to exploit the consistency, coherence and quality of the
service. As the demand of network challenges and traffic increases network operator require new solutions. Software Defined Networking has emerged
as the major player with potential solution.
3.1 WHAT IS SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORK
In the SDN architecture, the control and data planes are decoupled, network intelligence and state are logically centralized, and the underlying
network infrastructure is abstracted from the applications [1]. This is the definition of SDN given by Open Network Foundation (ONF). Basically,
in SDN the Network plane is divided into data plane, control plane and management plane. It focuses on the separation of control plane from the
data plane. By separating the control logic out from the switch we are able to use a centralized controller that can view and control the network and
routing. SDN gives us a more programmable and customize freedom to the network. It also leads to creation of open interfaces between the control
and data plane devices. fig 1 : a) Traditional Network b) SDN controlled Network. [2]
3.2 SOFTWARE DEFINED ARCHITECTURE
In software defined architecture the data and control planes are separated. The Controller carries out the forwarding of data packets whereas the
forwarding elements such as switches and routers are only used for only moving

The Choice Of Two Districts
The Choice of Two Districts
Depending on what is already in place and what needs to be created in school A I would want to make sure implement a PLC is in place. I would
also ensure the vison and mission statement were in place and being utilized. I would want to make something my own in school A, as it is harder to
follow a great leader. If a PLC was in place and being utilized correctly as well as the vision and mission statement, I would create a plan that would
take this good school into a great school. In year one I would start the foundation for my five year plan that will involve student achievement, highly
trained and effective teachers, family and community involvement, and creating a 21 century learning environment. It would be easier to follow bad
leadership and come out looking like the hero. In District B before the school year officially started with the students, I would meet with the
administrative teams and the teacher to teams to identify concerns. Then I would map out positive solutions to the problems that seem the most
evident with the culture and climate. I would also set up the first faculty meeting to start looking at a mission and vision and how it could be
followed. Even if district B already has a mission and or vision in place, I would want to collectively agree on a new vision and mission that will
transform the school. I will also discuss with my administrative teams the power players in each building and start discussing the forming

The Advantages Of Top Down Approach To Engineering Problems
PART 1
*QUESTION;
*Research, describe and explain in your own words the advantages of using 'TOP DOWN' approach to engineering problems.
*ANSWER;
Top Down Approach
There are many strategies available to solve the engineering problems. One of the most famous strategies is Top Down approach. The strategy, in
which the complex engineering problem is solved by dividing it into many sub small problems, is called Top Down approach in problem solving. At
below part, four advantages are described which are related with the top down approach of problem solving.
Advantages of Top Down Approach;
If the problem is divided into the parts, it is easier to understand clearly what should to do.
Reproduce the parts to new parts reduces the level of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Smaller size: In alike capabilities, electrical actuators generally have a lesser footmark than either pneumatic or hydraulic actuators because of the
lesser number of components but in the all implementation or designs, the lesser dimension results are more intensive so, is gained more elasticity due
to including the actuator.
8.Cleaner: Pneumatic and hydraulic devices may have some failure probability. Pneumatic ones count on compressed air and if failures occur, it may
cause an environmental pollution with blow contaminants. In the same way, hydraulic ones may danger for every kind of thing that next to it because,
it may leak and contaminate the area and product as well, especially workers may be at risk as life hazard. In contrast, an electrical actuator utilises just
efficient, clean and safe electricity to run that's why is much better than

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Energy Automation
Today, it has become necessary to control energy consumption. The main aim of energy automation is to protect the energy. To minimize the risks.
Basic principles of automation;
1 Calculation of energy costs
2 Provision and reporting of energy sustainability
3 Timely detection of possible failures
4 Determination of energy consumption points
ADVANTAGES OF ENERGYAUTOMATION
We use energy automation energy in the most economical way, life and property do not risk. Energy saving to keep us under control. The fault is
detected most easily by the system. Much safer and safe operation is provided.
STRUCTURE OF ENERGY AUTOMATION SYSTEM
It consists of 3 basic parts.
1.Control and Control System
Control system usually uses plc (Programmable Logic Controller). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By means of operator screens in the control center, the operation of the plant is controlled and automatically executed, and the operator also has the
possibility of controlling and controlling the computer. For more efficient operation of the system, computer automation is required for more reliable,
more economical operation. System control and monitoring software has been implemented for this. Monitoring of the system in the computer
environment makes the control and control of the system more flexible.
We can sort out the benefits in the following way
1.Save time and work power by reducing maintenance time
2.Detection of energy consumption points and energy saving measures
3.Prevention of suspended situations (Demand and compensation)
4.Move in such a way as to not allow human error
5.Registration of system interventions
6.Instant notification and recording of alarms in the

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Miniature Circuit Breaker
INTRODUCTION 1.1 Definition : Water is important resource for all the livings in the earth. In that some people are not getting the sufficient
amount of water because of unequal distribution of water. So we implement this project. This project is used to distributing the water equally. So
that everyone gets the equal amount of water. It also used to prevent the water theft during the distribution period. In past time person in charge will
go to that place and open the valve for a particular time period. Once the time over again the in charge person will go to the same place and close the
valve. It is wastage of time. The proposed system is fully automated. Here human work and time is reduced. Water wastages such as leakages and
operating... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fast operation. High reliability. Long service life. Compact design. Disadvantages: Control signal must stay on during operation. CHAPTER : 9
MCB INTRODUCTION MCBs or Miniature Circuit Breakers are electromechanical devices which protect an electrical circuit from an over current
as well as overload condition. MCB is a better than Fuse since it does not require replacement once an overload is detected. In the case of tripping
because of a current overload, MCBs are very easy to reset, which is much simpler to do that having to replace blown fuses. MCBs also trip to stop the
current from flowing much faster than fuses can operate. When the current exceeds its pre–determined value, solenoid forces the moveable contact to
open and the MCB turns off and discontinuing the current to flow in the circuit. To resume the flow of current; the MCB needs to be turned on
manually. Fig. 9.1 MCB Advantages: MCB is quick work against short circuit. MCB is work quickly on overloading and under voltage. MCB is
reliable. Disadvantages: The cost of MCB is greater than fuse. The cost of on MCB distribution board is greater than rewire able fuse

Pisces : A Programmable, Protocol-Independent Software...
We propose a mechanism to dynamically move an existing firewall from one switch to another switch. We design a service in the P4 Controller, that
can detect and prevent a DOS attack using a multi–layer firewall approach and the packet counters available inside the P4 firewall. This service is also
leveraged to enable a Honeypot intrusion detection–prevention system. We provide an evaluation of the packet–processing capability of the P4 firewall
and a comparative study between an NFV based firewall [1] and P4Guard. Current State–of–the–Art Paper [4], paper [5] "PISCES: A Programmable,
Protocol–Independent Software Switch" and paper [6] "DC.p4: programming the forwarding plane of a data–center switch" demonstrates the
mechanism of dynamic... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A simple python based framework is designed which can dynamically inject rules to this firewall, by sending control messages to the switch, which is
then forwarded to the virtual firewall. The firewall framework proposed here could be dynamically created and destroyed, dynamically updated with
new states and also dynamically moved to any part of the virtual network without the firewall state being destroyed. Design and Demonstration of
SDN–Based Flexible Flow Converging with Protocol–Oblivious Forwarding (POF) [2] This paper proposes a mechanism to avoid the
protocol–independent nature of OpenFlow. It introduces Protocol–Oblivious Forwarding based flexible flow converging (F–FC) scheme, that allows
the user to reconfigures the data plane with a protocol independent instruction set. This increases the scalability of the switch feature–set and thus
widen the horizon of SDN framework. User–defined actions for SDN [3] This paper focusses on the need of including user–defined actions inside the
switch. As the vendors support different feature–set they need to include vendor–specific headers to OpenFlow protocol. This solution does not scale.
Thus this paper introduces TagFlow, a mechanism of defining user–defined actions inside the switch. High speed packet forwarding compiled from
protocol independent data plane specifications [4] This paper proposes a high–level programming language called

The Importance Of Teachers And Classmates At The...
The author would like to acknowledge the contribution of lecturers and classmates in the Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering.
Great appreciation goes to my Supervisor Eng.W.M Goriwondo who helped me through the project. The author wishes also to express her sincere
gratitude to Marange Resources team for its support. Author's family also provided material and spiritual support that helped her through life. Finally,
the acknowledgement is due to the Almighty who has blessed the author with the knowledge, required for doing this project. ABSTRACT
During diamond recovery process, Ferrosilicon density control is very crucial. It determines the end product quality. Density of Ferrosilicon should be
kept high (2.45–2.65 SG) so that there will be less fraction of unwanted material on the end products and high percentage of diamond. The project
highlights the aims, objectives, and background related to the design of the design of a density control system and optimisation system of Ferrosilicon
on a Dense Medium Separation (DMS) plant. Literature review included an in–depth look into dense medium separation (DMS) plant process,
Ferrosilicon density control, Ferrosilicon recovery system and Genetic Algorithm. The various concepts for the density control system were developed.
Each presented and its associated advantages and disadvantages in case of implementation. The best control concept selected uses the programmable
logic controller (PLC). The sections to form

Annotated Bibliography On Import Java
import java.io.*; import java.util.Random; import java.util.Scanner;
public class Processor { // Register variables
static int IR, AC, X, Y, timer; static int PC = 0; static int SP = 1000; static int instructionCount = 0; static int userStack = 1000; static int systemStack =
2000;
// turns to false on interrupts static boolean userMode = true; // avoid nested interrupt execution static boolean interrupt = false;
public static void main(String args[]) {
String file = null; // check argument length if (args.length == 2) { // checks and sets interrupt timer file = args[0]; timer = Integer.parseInt(args[1]); }
else { // throws error for wrong input argument System.out.println("Invalid argument."); System.exit(0); }
try { // create child processor and pipe Runtime runTime = Runtime.getRuntime(); Process process = runTime.exec("java Memory");
OutputStream outputStream = process.getOutputStream(); PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(outputStream);
// maps input stream to scanner to read from memory InputStream inputStream = process.getInputStream(); Scanner memoryScanner = new
Scanner(inputStream);
// function to send file name to memory sendArgumentToMemory(printWriter, inputStream, outputStream, file);
while (true) {
//checking interrupt timer if (instructionCount > 0 && (instructionCount % timer) == 0 && interrupt == false) { interrupt = true;// if true then

Critical Information Infrastructure Systems Worldwide
Introduction In modern society, most (if not all) countries have Critical Infrastructure (CI) sectors that manage the security, management and
distribution of imperative resources for the survival of the country. Examples of these critical infrastructure sectors are water and sanitation, energy and
utilities, transportation and Information Technology Communications among others. Critical Information Infrastructures (CII) systems are used for
controlling and managing the respective CI. The critical information infrastructure systems worldwide are evolving from traditionally being
stand–alone, isolated, non–connected systems to being interconnected via networks and the internet (Valdes, 2014). This implementation was a
manifestation of numerous advantageous reasons including data sharing amongst critical infrastructure systems, improved efficiency, quality reporting
and the ability to remotely control and monitor Critical Infrastructure plants. The increase in connectivity, however, has given rise to disadvantages as
well. The internet is a public global platform and thus, the security vulnerabilities that can potentially disrupt, substitute, eavesdrop on Critical
Information Infrastructure have also increased. These issues become paramount to a country due to the nature of the operations that are at stake. This
paper entails a discussion about Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems. An explanation with reference to what they are, what they are used for,
where, why and

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Power factor monitor & control 63. PROCURE SYSTEM FOR VEHICLE USING CAN PROTOCOL 64. TCP/IP BASED STUDENT

ATTENDANCE LOGGING SYSTEM 65. SECURE SYSTEM FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSE 66. CARGO MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 67.
Temperature Data Logger 68. SMS Enabled Industrial Networking 69. Digital Anemometer 70. Mobile car Security System 71. ETHERNET
BASED PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM 72. Electricity theft Identification using RF Modems 73. Security Integrated System Based On WAP
For Remote Monitoring and Control of Industrial Process 74. Railway Gate Management using GPS and GSM 75. Priority for Emergency
Vehicles in Traffic Signals 76. WIRELESS SENSORY BASED ENERGY CONSERVATION SYSTEM 77. Programmable Hopper Controller 78.
TCP/IP BASED ENERGY MONITORING SYSTEM FOR ELECTRICITY BOARD 79. Wireless Temperature Monitoring and Controlling Using
Embedded System 80. GPS GSM based patient monitoring 81. Security System for Remote Access using Telephone Line 82. I2C EPROM
Programmers 83. Multi>channel Temperature Monitor & controller 84. RF Based Embedded Virtual Highway Patrol 85. Mail Transfer System 86.
Lift control System 87. Tyre pressure monitoring system 88. WIRELESS SECURE POLLING SYSTEM USING GPRS 89. Accident identification
system 90. Pc to Microcontroller communication Through USART. 91. Wireless Water Level Controller 92. Traffic Priority for Ambulance 93.
Telephone interface security system 94. VOICE BASED AUTO RECEPTIONIST FOR EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

Gsm Based Remote Patient Monitoring System
GSM BASED REMOTE PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM
Mrs. M. V. PatH, Mrs. M. S. Cbavan Department of Electronics Bbarati Vidyapeetb University College of Engg. Pune. Email:
mv14patil@gmail.com.meenacbavan2007@rediffmail.com
ABSTRACT:
This paper presents the methodology for monitoring patients remotely using GSM network & Very large scale integration (VLSI) technique. Patient
monitoring systems consist of equipment, devices and supplies that measure, including blood pressure, body temperature, heart activity,
display and record human physiological
characteristics,
various bodily substances (e.g. cholesterol, glucose, etc.), pulse rate, respiration rate and other health–related criteria. A patient monitoring system for
providing continuous ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
[1,2,]. Micro–controllers don't make the
transducers
used
bioelectrical signals. The signals obtained from the transducers are weak signals,
which are then amplified and converted into digital form using Analog to Digital
world go round, but they most certainly help us get around in the world Micro monitoring controller system, which based has patient several
Converter (ADC). ADC output is fed to the FPGA device.

form of variables and compares with desired values stored m processor. Processor
continuously displays these variables on the LCD Display. FPGA continuously does this work, thus providing a real time monitoring and control of
temperature Field programmable Logic array is another way to extend the density of the simple PLD's. The concept is to have a few paths can be
implemented within a single block, where a lot of inputs and outputs are u ...
CIS
a ... ...
~ ~ a..
"0 0
.8
0.
u
=
~ .... ...
X Figure.l.l
0
as
required. Processor continuously does this work, thus providing a real time monitoring and control of these variables .
E 0
m
iii

0
Block diagram of remote patient monitoring system.
III. IMPLEMENTATION This system is to monitor information of multiple patients in ICU/CCU via 3G mobile
Field programmable gate array receives digital form of variables then compares with desired hard coded values stored in the processor

Vlsi Based Accident Information and Car Security System
Abstract:
VLSI based Accident information and car security system deals with the concern of saving the victim , who get trapped in accident and also about the
car security. Accident of the car is detected using pressor sensors which are fixed in car. Accident information to the nearest hospital is carried out with
the help of RF communication. The location of the car is found using the GPS technique. The security of car is ensured by using password. The theft
information is sent to the owner's mobile using GSM module. The ultimate design of the project is in VLSI. FPGA is used to interface these modules.
Keywords: Very Large Scale Integration,Global Positioning System, Global System for Mobile Communication.
I.INTRODUCTION:
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By comparing the codes, the time difference between the satellite generated the code and the receiver generated the code can be determined. This
interval is the travel time of the code. Multiplying this travel time, in seconds, by 186,000 miles per second gives the distance from the receiver
position to the satellite in miles.
D.Increased accuracy by using differential gps: A technique called differential correction is necessary to get accuracies within 1–5 meters, or even
better, with advanced equipment. Differential correction requires a second GPS receiver, which is a base station, collecting data at a stationary
position at a precisely known point (typically it is a surveyed benchmark). Because the physical location of the base station is known, the correction
factor can be computed by comparing the known location with the GPS location determined by using the satellites.The differential correction process
takes this correction factor and applies it to the GPS data collected by a GPS receiver in the field. Differential correction eliminates most of the errors
listed in the GPS Error Budget discussed earlier.
III.GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is the most popular standard for
mobile phones in the world. GSM service is used by over 2 billion people across more than 212 countries and

Micro Controller At Mega
Micro Controller AT Mega– 328 In the area of control and automation, the need for some processing unit became indispensable in a wide variety of
applications. Among these, microcontrollers stand as a lower cost alternative, satisfactory reliability, simplicity, reduced consumption energy, however,
with limited memory capacity and processing.
A microcontroller contains a processor, memory access and peripheral input / output. It is a microprocessor that can be programmed for specific
functions, in contrast to other general purpose microprocessors (such as those used in PCs). Basically, the use of a microcontroller is in the
processing of data from one of your peripherals, with the set of output data. For example, send data via serial port or generate a reaction in system as
an LED light.
The architecture of a microcontroller generally consists of a core processing, bus and Peripherals:
Processing core consists of the data processor (calculations, flow control program, etc.) and administration of peripherals.
Bus is divided into data and address, is on the lines of communication between the processor and peripherals.
Peripherals characterize the set of features available by the microcontroller and are controlled by the processor. For example, memory, serial port,
parallel port and AD converter.
Microcontrollers are typically used in automation and control products and peripherals, such as control systems of automotive engines, remote controls,
machines, etc.

Mobile Networks : The New Norm For Networks
Latest trends such as mobiles, IT–as–a–Service, Server Virtualization and the requirement to respond rapidly to developing business conditions are
placing demands on the network, which cannot be handled by today's conventional network architectures. Software–Defined Networking proposes new
approach to avoid the traditional vertically integrated networking stack in order to improve the present basic network architecture by improving
architectural flexibility and manageability. SDN enables "mass customization" of network operations to better support differentiated services. With this
technology a single program can control the behavior of entire networks.
Networking in future will rely completely on software, which will help increase the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All these transformation of high level policies into low level configuration commands with adaption to changing network conditions is done manually.
Frequently, they likewise need to finish these exceptionally perplexing errands with access to extremely constrained instruments. As a result,system
administration and execution tuning is very testing and subsequently slip inclined. The way that system gadgets are generally vertically–coordinated
secret elements worsens the test system administrators and chairmen face.
An alternate practically unsurmountable test system professionals furthermore analysts face has been alluded to as "Internet ossiп¬Ѓcation". Due to its
tremendous organization base and the actuality it is viewed as a major aspect of our societies critical infrastructure (much the same as transportation
and force frameworks), the Internet has gotten to be greatly difп¬Ѓcult to develop both as far as its physical framework and in addition its conventions
and execution. Then again, as present and rising Internet applications and administrations get to be progressively more unpredictable and requesting, it
is basic that the Internet have the capacity to advance to address these new difficult.
The thought of "programmable networks" has been proposed as an approach to encourage system development. Specifically, Software Deп¬Ѓned
Networking (SDN) is another systems administration ideal

Network-Based Network Essay
1. Introduction
As the number of modules in Systems–on–Chip (SoCs) increases, bus based interconnection architectures may prevent these systems to meet the
performance required by many applications. For systems with intensive parallel communicat–ion requirements buses may not provide the required
bandwidth, latency, and power consumption. A solution for such a communication bottleneck is the use of an embedded switching network, called
Network–on–Chip (NoC), to interconnect the modules in SoCs. NoCs design space is considerably larger when compared to a bus–based solution, as
different routing and arbitration strategies can be implemented as well as different organizations of the communication infrastructure.
A network–on–chip is composed of three main building blocks. The first and most important one are the links that physically connect the nodes and
actually implement the communication. The second block is the router, which implements the communication protocol. The last building block is the
network adapter (NA) or network interface (NI). This block makes the logic connection between the cores and the network, since each core may have a
distinct interface protocol with respect to the network.
A communication link is composed of a set of wires and connects two routers in the network. Links may consist of one or more logical or physical
channels and each channel is composed of a set of wires. A NoC link has two physical channels making a full–duplex connection between

The Internet Of Things Connecting The Unconnected
Andy Pye's article "The Internet of Things connecting the unconnected" evaluates the impact, application and prospective future of connecting
machines to machines. With this connection Pye discusses the potential for industry automation and improvement. The article addresses several points
relevant to this change: Big Data, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), scientific exploration, and environmental impact. The reader is left with the
philosophical question; what will be the impact on humanity as smart technology becomes more and more advanced. The Internet of Things (IoT) is
the interconnected network of sensors, machines, and devices via wireless transmission. The challenge with this concept is that it requires an abstract
definition of a concrete process. Connecting devices together to enhance their potential and to increase proficiency is the theory behind the IoT. The
data created, complied and used by sensors, machines and devices is the application of IoT. Pye's article takes these concepts and further defines the
impact on industrial and scientific applications.
Industrial automation is one of the key points Pye focuses on when defining some of the benefits the IoT will bring to manufacturing. The ability to
monitor, control, and query in real time to enhance production while reducing cost can only be achieved through IoT (Pye 2014). The goal of this is to
allow manufacturers or bakers the opportunity to use data to determine the most effective

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The controlling : вЂ«Ш§Щ„Щ…Щ€Ш¶Щ€Ш№в
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What is Controlling
Controlling consists of verifying whether everything occurs in conformities with the plans adopted, instructions issued and principles established.
Controlling ensures that there is effective and efficient utilization of organizational resources so as to achieve the planned goals.
Controlling measures the deviation of actual performance from the standard performance, discovers the causes of such deviations and helps in taking
corrective actions.
Process of Controlling
:
Process control is extensively used in industry and enables mass production of consistent products from continuously ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Financial Controls: Financial controls focus on income, expenditures, cash flow, asset mix, and acquisition of funds and investment of funds.
Informational control: This control helps managers and others get the information they need to make lamely and intelligent decisions. It focuses on
collection processing, storage, security and dissemination of data at the right time and place, in suitable quantity quality and format.
Operational Controls: This monitors production, marketing finance, and staff process; inventory control; effectiveness of planning abilities and method
used to meet customer needs.
Different Internal Controls:
Generally speaking there are two types: preventive and detective controls. Both types of controls are essential to an effective internal control system.

From a quality standpoint, preventive controls are essential because they are proactive and emphasize quality. However, detective controls play a
critical role by providing evidence that the preventive controls are functioning as intended:
Preventive Controls are designed to discourage errors or irregularities

Architecture Of Automated System Systems
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURESPAGE NO
Figure 1 : Architecture of Automated System02
Figure 2 : Block diagram of Project04
Figure 3 : LabVIEW contains several valuable components06
Figure 4 : LabVIEW connects to almost any hardware device07
Figure 5 : (A) and (B) are Block diagram of PLC09
Figure 6 : Design of PLC operation11
Figure 7 : Different types of PLC13
Figure 8 : Capacitive sensors14
Figure 9 : Inspection Camera16
Figure 10 : Single–acting cylinder17
Figure 11 : Symbols of 3/2 solenoid valves18
Figure 12 : Schematic 3/2 NC solenoid valve single acting cylinder19
Figure 13 : Pneumatic Valve19
Figure 14 : Classification of Air compressor20
Figure 15 : Reciprocity(Piston type) Air Compressor21
Figure 16 : USB RS–485 Converter22
Figure 17 : Conveyor–Belt23
Figure 18 : Single–Phase Synchronous Motor25
Figure 19 : Empathy Mapping Canvas26
Figure 20 : Ideation Canvas27
Figure 21 : Product Development Canvas29
Figure 22 : AEIOU Summary31
Figure 23 : Block Diagram of Automated System32
Figure 24 : Project Hardware33

Chapter 1: Introduction
In today's fast moving, highly competitive industrial world, a company must be flexible, cost effective and efficient if it wishes to survive. In Process
and Manufacturing Industries, this has resulted in a great demand for industrial automation in order to streamline operations in terms of speed,
reliability, and product output. Industries involve many products to be manufactured and should be divided into different

The Uk Manufacturing Industry Is The Third Largest Of The...
INTRODUCTION
MOTIVATION OF THIS RESEARCH
The UK manufacturing industry is the fifth largest in the world [1] and it is a significant contributor to the UK's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). As
examples, the UK aerospace and defence industry is the second largest in the world, accounting for $40bn of annual sales and the UK has the third
largest automotive industry in Europe, with total sales of around ВЈ9bn (11% of the UK's total exports) [2].
In manufacturing, automation has replaced some dangerous, mundane, arduous and routine manual operations, for example, transportation of heavy
parts, stamping of large parts, repetitive welding and bolt fastening. However, skilled operators still carry out critical manual processes in various
industries such as aerospace, automotive and heavy–machinery. Most of these processes are complex because operators receive a high number of
inputs or because the relations among inputs change dynamically over time (or both). These inputs are; вЂЋparts, tools, вЂЋinformation cues,
вЂЋstimuli, data or вЂЋprocedure [3]. In addition, if these inputs are affected by variability, the complexity of the process will increase.
In the context of manufacturing, variability is suggested as a main cause of lack of robustness in вЂЋвЂЋproduction processes. It can be defined as
any unwanted deviation from some pre–determined requirements [4]. As manufacturing processes are not perfect, some manufactured parts have
uncontrolled geometric variations from the nominal values.

Industrial Process Monitoring By Using Raspberry Pi And...
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS MONITORING BY USING RASPBERRY PI AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATION 1ANJALI V. PATIL, 2A.M.PATKI
1Final Year M.E Communication Systems, ICEM Pune 2Prof. and HOD of Electronics and Telecommunication, ICEM Pune E
–mail:
1anjali.patil2503@gmail.com, 2anjali511964@gmail.com Abstract–Wireless communication is widely used in various fields like automation, military
etc. The advanced technologies in wireless sensor network (WNS) lowers he data rate failure and increases its productivity in automation. This paper
proposes a design and implementation of industrial process monitoring by using raspberry pi and wireless communication. The system consists of a
single master and multiple slaves with wireless communication based on WSN and a raspberry pi system that can either operate on raspbian linux
operating system. The parameters that can be tracked are current, voltage, temperature, and water level. The Android app is made to control industrial
automation automatically using cloud. Manager manages this app with specific username and password. Manager can control this app automatically or
manually.
Keywords– Wireless communication, raspberry pi, industrial, Internet of Things (IoT).
I. INTRODUCTION
Wireless communication is the best technology and it is widely used in industry

Education And Success Levels Of All Students On Their Campus
Introduction and Background The main idea of ELCC Standard One is the role the administrator takes to influence the education and success levels of
all students on their campus. It is imperative the administrator works with all stakeholders to help facilitate the development, articulation, and
implementation of a vision that everyone can agree on. The principal must embrace and support their vision before they can expect others to share their
vision. It is important for the administrator to build relationships with the staff and community before they expect their vision to be excepted. They
need to not only tell they community and staff their vision, but they must lead their stakeholders to collaboratively build the school's vision... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The school must re–state the importance of the vision every time there is an opportunity. The school must remind faculty and students of the vision,
and communicate the vision to students, parents, and the learning community through our school newsletter, our school Web site, and any other
available outlets.
When talking about student achievement at Bernal Middle School Mr. Mendez stated the struggling students were in the special education program. One
way Bernal is trying to reach the parents of these students is by newsletters, phone calls and meetings that discuss our special education programs.
Recently, the school created an outreach program that showed parents of special education student our collaborative model of learning. The parents
were invited by phone, email and newsletter to attend a meeting that focused on the achievement of their student. The meeting introduced them to the
learning techniques that were being showcased in a collaborative model classroom. The program was not as successful as intended but more than
twenty–five parents attended and were able to share this vision with the school.
PLCs Not an Ordinary Planning Period Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) are slowly becoming more relevant in public education. Any school
that wishes to improve their

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Microcontroller

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