Pediatric optometry

1. Pediatric Optometry
By - Krishna Banjade
Consultant optometrist
M. Optom
FLVPEI - Pediatrics and BSV

2. The preferred method of testing visual acuity in a four
year old child is which one of the following charts
a. HOTV
b. Lighthouse
c. Allen
d. Tumbling E

3. The preferred method of testing visual acuity in a 8
months old child is which one of the following methods
a. HOTV
b. TAC
c. Allen
d. Tumbling E

4. The following undergoes emmetropization
a. hyperopia, myopia
b. hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, amblyopia
c. hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism
d. hyperopia

5. Children in the first year of life have a high prevalence
rate of significant ____________ the rule astigmatism.
a. With
b. Against
c. Oblique
d. None of above

6. Which type of retinoscopy is mainly used for
determining refractive error of infants
a. Mohindra retinoscopy
b. Bell retinoscopy
c. Chromo retinoscopy
d. Monocular estimation method

7. Which of the following term indicates congenital
glaucoma diagnosed prior to 3 years of age
a. Buphthalmos
b. Hydrophthalmos
c. All of above
d. None of above

8. Cornea attains adult diameter by the age of --------- years
a. 2 months
b. 6 months
c. 2 years
d. 6 years

9. What is the minimum difference of power required to
cause hypermetropic amblyopia ?
a. 0.25
b. 0.75
c. 1.25
d. 2.0

10. What is the drug of choice for cycloplegic refraction in
children ?
a. Tropicamide
b. Cyclopentolate hydrochloride
c. Homatropine
d. Atropine

11. Astigmatism up to ___ dioptre is common in children
up to 2 years of age
a. 0.25
b. 0.75
c. 1.25
d. 2.0

12. Refractive error of a 4 years old child is (OD) -0.75/-0.50*30
(OS) -7.0/-0.75*150
What is your first step of treatment for this patient ?
a. Prescribe glasses
b. Prescribe contact lens
c. Perform axial length and keratometry
d. Wait till the age of 6 years for emmetropization

13. Accommodation is properly attained (10cm) in a
newborn at the age of_______ ?
a. 2 months
b. 4 months
c. 6 months
d. 1 year

14. Which of the following is a clinical sign of pseudo
strabismus in infants ?
a. Prominent epicanthal fold
b. Telecanthus
c. Broad nasal bridge
d. All of the above
Gives impression to
pseudoesotropia

15. Which of the following statements is wrong about
pinhole ?
a. if less than 1mm diameter, impairs the image quality
b. abolishes the need for the eye to focus
c. increases the depth of focus
d. increases the depth of field
e. improves ametropia of less than 6 D

16. Which of the following statements are true about
clinical refraction ?
a. Accommodation results in a more myopic prescription
b. The visual acuity is measured binocularly for distance and near
c. Occlusion is recommended for patient with nystagmus to reduce the
ocular movement
d. A high minus lens over the non-examining eye of a patient with
bilateral congenital nystagmus can reduce the nystagmus
e. Recent wearing of gas permeable lens may give erroneous results

17. Which of the following test does not require binocular
vision ?
a. Maddox wing
b. Moddox rod
c. Duochrome test
d. Worth’s 4 dot test
e. Bagollini striated glasses test

18. Regarding refraction in children which of the following
statements are false ?
a. myopia is more common than hypermetropia
b. refractive amblyopia can occur if there is more than 1.25
dioptre of hypermetropic anisometropia
c. increased accommodation is used by children to overcome
uncorrected hypermetropia
d. myopia tends to progress as the child grows older
e. correction of hypermetropia can reduce exophoria