working in teams

1. SPM-UNIT III
RISK MANAGEMENT
WORKING IN TEAMS
Prof. Kanchana Devi

2. Working in Teams
Prof. Kanchana Devi
2
 Usually work/task will be divided among the
groups.
 Formal Groups will be divided into subgroups
 There are two types
 Command Group: Formal Mgmt Struct
 Task Group

3. Step wise frame work
Prof. Kanchana Devi
3
 Identify project scope and objectives
 Identify project infrastructure
 Analyze project characteristics
 Estimate effort for each activity
 Identify activity risks
 Allocate resources
 Review/Publicize Plan

4. Becoming a Team
Prof. Kanchana Devi
4
 There are 5 basic stages of development
 Forming
 Storming
 Norming
 Performing
 Adjourning

5. Forming
Prof. Kanchana Devi
5
 Members of the group get to know each other
 Set up some ground rules about behavior

6. Storming
Prof. Kanchana Devi
6
 Conflicts arises, everyone will try to
dominate(Leadership)
 Group’s methods of operation are established

7. Norming
Prof. Kanchana Devi
7
 Conflicts are settled
 A feel of group identity emerges

8. Performing
Prof. Kanchana Devi
8
 The emphasis will be on the task at hand

9. Adjourning
Prof. Kanchana Devi
9
 The group disbands

10. Balance – Different People
Prof. Kanchana Devi
10
 The Chair
 The Plant
 The Monitor – Evaluator
 The Sharper
 The Team Worker
 The Resource Investigator
 The Completer – Finisher
 The Company Worker
 Similar to our institution

11. Group Performance
Prof. Kanchana Devi
11
 One way of categorizing group tasks into:
 Additive Tasks
 Effort to get final result
 Compensatory Tasks
 Judgments of individual group members are pooled
 Disjunctive Tasks
 Only one correct answer
 Conjunctive Tasks
 Progress is governed by the rate of slowest performer

12. Decision Making
Prof. Kanchana Devi
12
 Decisions are categorized as
 Structured: Simple, Routine Decisions (Rules can
be applied in straight forward way)
 Unstructured: More Complex and often requiring
a degree of creativity

13. Obstacles to make good decision
Prof. Kanchana Devi
13
 Faulty Heuristics
 “Rule of Thumb”
 Escalation of Commitment
 Difficult to alter
 Information Overload
 Too much of information

14. Obstacles to good GROUP decision
Prof. Kanchana Devi
14
 Groups deal less effectively with
 Poor Structures
 Problems need Creative Solutions
 Risky Shifts – Making decision on their own

15. Methods to reduce the
disadvantages of group DM
Prof. Kanchana Devi
15
 Delphi Technique: Given a problem following
procedure have to be carried out
 The cooperation of a number of experts is enlisted
 The problem is presented to the experts
 The experts record their recommendations
 These recommendations are collated and reproduced
 The collected responses are re-circulated
 The experts comment
 If there is any deviation the process will be stopped

16. Team Heedfulness
Prof. Kanchana Devi
16
 Eg: Foot Ball team
 Group members are aware of activities of
others that contribute to overall success
 “Collective Mind”
 Shared Understanding, Familiarity and good
communications
 In software development environment
 Egoless Programming
 Chief Programmer Teams
 Extreme Programming
 Scrum – Similar to Agile Model

17. Organization & Team Structure
Prof. Kanchana Devi
17
 There are two important issues that are critical
to the effective functioning of every
organization are
 Department Structure
 How is a department is organized into teams?
 Team Structure
 How are project teams structured?

18. Department Structure
Prof. Kanchana Devi
18
 There are three broad ways in which a
software development department can be
structured:
 Functional Format
 Project Format
 Matrix Format

19. Functional Format VS Project
Format
Prof. Kanchana Devi
19
Top
Management
Project
Team n
Project
Team 1
Top Management
a. Project Organization
Requirements
Design
Coding
Networking
Testing
Database Project
Team n
Project
Team 1
b. Functional Organization
Functional Groups

20. Matrix Format
Prof. Kanchana Devi
20
Project
Functional
Group
#1 #2 #3
#1 2 0 3 Functional
Manager 1
#2 0 5 3 Functional
Manager 2
#3 0 4 2 Functional
Manager 3
#4 1 4 0 Functional
Manager 4
#5 0 4 6 Functional
Manager 5

21. Team Structure
Prof. Kanchana Devi
21
 Denotes the reporting, responsibility and
communication structures in individual project
teams
 There are only three team structures:
 Democratic
 Chief Programmer
 Mixed team organization

22. Chief Programmer team
Prof. Kanchana Devi
22
Project Manager
Reporting
Team Members

23. Democratic Team
Prof. Kanchana Devi
23
Team Member
Communication

24. Mixed Control Team Structure
Prof. Kanchana Devi
24
Team
Members
Senior Members
Project Manager