An informative and a well designed presentation on Control and Coordination in Animals

2.  A living being does not live in
isolation. It has to constantly
interact with its external
environment and has to respond
properly for its survival. The
responses which a living being
makes in relation to external
stimuli are controlled and
coordinated by a system; especially
in complex animals.
 The working together of the
various organs in a systematic
manner so as to produce a proper
response to the STIMULUS, is
called coordination.
 Stimulus- The changes in the
environment to which the
organism respond and react is
called stimulus.
Lion responds to the bite given by his

3. A system made up of nerve cells
is called NERVOUS SYSTEM. It
consists brain, spinal cord,
nerves and sense organs.
Receptor- A receptor is cell in a
sense organ which is sensitive to
a particular type of stimulus.
Effector- an effector is a part of
the body which can respond to a
stimulus according to the
instructions sent from the
nervous system(brain & spinal
cord).

4. Neuron is the structural and
functional unit of nervous
system. They carry electrical
messages called IMPULSES
throughout the body.
There are 3 types of
neurons-
Sensory Neuron
Motor Neuron
Relay Neuron(Inter
Neuron)
Synapse
Synapse
Synapse
Sensory
Neuron
Relay
neuron
Motor
Neuron
Muscle
Contracts

6. Reflex Action & Reflex Arc
Reflex action is an
automatic involuntary
response to stimulus. It
is the simplest form of
response in the nervous
system. Example-
Yawning, Sneezing
Reflex arc is the
pathway taken by nerve
impulse in a reflex
action.

7.  BRAIN
 Cerebrum
 Voluntary or conscious activities
of the body-learning, judgment
 Cerebellum
 Coordinates and balances the
actions of the muscles
 Medulla Oblongata (Brain Stem)
 Controls involuntary actions like
blood pressure, heart rate,
breathing, and swallowing
 Spinal Cord
 The main communications link
between the brain and the rest of
the body

8. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
A group of
endocrine glands
which produces
various hormones
is called
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM.
The HORMONES
produced by
endocrine glands
act as messengers
between the
nervous system
and the organs of
our body.

9. Control and coordination are the
functions of the nervous system and
hormones in our body.
The responses of the nervous system
can be classified as reflex action,
voluntary action & involuntary action.
The nervous system uses electrical
impulses to transmit messages.
The nervous system gets information
from our sense organs and acts
through our muscles.
A “FEEDBACK MECHANISM”
regulates the action of hormones.

10. Control and coordination are the
functions of the nervous system and
hormones in our body.
The responses of the nervous system
can be classified as reflex action,
voluntary action & involuntary action.
The nervous system uses electrical
impulses to transmit messages.
The nervous system gets information
from our sense organs and acts
through our muscles.
A “FEEDBACK MECHANISM”
regulates the action of hormones.