Local controllers

1. Kamal C
kamalc1997@gmail.com
Application No 64ed0e14e78b11e991174b277ecc527d

2. LOCAL CONTROLLERS

3. Basic Structure

4. Control Methods
• Hierarchical Control
• Consensus Control
• Decentralized Control
• Networked Control

5. Hierarchical Control

6. Contd….
Inner Layer
• The function of this layer is to determine the operating state of DER
units.
Primary Controller
• Primary control aims at dealing with controlling and sharing power
between DERs.
• Primary control will send the setting values for inner control.
Two Methods:
• Droop based methods and Non droop based methods.

7. Contd…
Secondary Control:
• Secondary control has responsibilities for both the reliable
and economical operation of the MG.
• The function of secondary control is only to eliminate the deviations
of frequency and voltage amplitude created by primary control.
Tertiary Control:
• The tertiary control is more related to economic optimization, based
on energy prices and electricity market and it decides the import or
export of energy for the MG.

8. Consensus Control
• Consensus among a group of agents or subsystems means to arrive at
a certain agreement concerning a particular value or quantity that is
dependent on the states of every agent.
• A consensus algorithm or protocol is a rule that explains the
interaction between an agent and its surrounding subsystems
enclosed in the network.
• Management of the shared information between the agents is a very
critical issue that has to be resolved in order to carry out coordination
among the subsystems.

9. Decentralized control
• Because of the distributed nature of the system, these interfaces need to
be controlled on the basis of local measurements only.
Issues
• Interfaces should share the total load (linear or nonlinear) in a desired way.
• Decentralized control based on local measurement should guarantee
stability on a global scale.
• Inverter control should prevent any DC voltage offsets on the microgrid.
• Inverter control should actively damp oscillations between the output
filters.

10. Networked Control
• A control system consisting of a real-time network in its feedback can
be termed a networked control system.

11. Basic MG Architecture

12. Communication Layer
Technologies For MG Communication:
• LAN(Local Area Network)
• FAN(File Area Network)
• WAN(Wire Area Network)

13. Different Technologies and Standards

14. Issues in Control
• Interoperability Issues
• Reliability Issues
• Security Issues

15. Need for Control Techniques
• Communication based control.
• Time Variance and Topological changes.
• Low inertia and stability issues due to new components.

16. Techniques/Algorithms

17. Conclusion