Emic vs Etic Perspectives in Anthropology

Etic In Powdermaker
The concept of emic and etic is whether or not one can be an insider or outsider. Emic is insider perspectives, while etic is outsider perspectives.
When conducting fieldwork and ethnographic assignments depending on whether or not you are emic or etic can provide great differences in data.
In Powdermaker Jim Crow Mississippi she studied the differences between black and whites. Powdermaker herself had to fit into the society, in order
to be able She studied the segregation that she does not usually encounter. In this one case Powdermaker was able to become an insider as she
interviews a white man. He was incredibly shocked as she explained to him that she regarded black people with respect such as saying Ms. and Mr. The
way he abruptly began
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Emic vs Etic
THE EMIC VERSUS ETIC DILEMMA IN CROSS CULTURAL MARKETING RE... Page 1 of 8 THE EMIC VERSUS ETIC DILEMMA IN CROSS
CULTURAL MARKETING RESEARCH: A PERSONAL CONSTRUCT THEORY PERSPECTIVE Richard E. Plank, Western Michigan University
ABSTRACT Cross–cultural research in marketing, particularly involving the measurement of behaviors and attitudes using methodologies which
require the respondent to respond to scale type questions, is difficult as well as time and resource intensive. A major issue is the so called emic versus
etic dilemma which focuses on whether or not the measure is culture bound (EMIC) or can be used across all cultures (ETIC). This paper argues, based
on personal construct theory, that behavioral type measures or scales must... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If the construct is culture or time bound, that means that it may be inappropriate for the particular culture as well as the time period in question. In the
sociology literature Hage (1972) suggested that such theoretical concepts as bureaucracy were either culture or time bound whereas the construct
degree of complexity was not likely to be time or culture bound. The second issue deals with the operational definition of the theoretical concept. The
question becomes do the indicators have meaning to the respondent in light of culture and time. In other words, is this how the respondent defines the
construct in their own mind Just because a sentence or idea translates from one language to another does not mean that the idea is the same for both
cultures, or for that matter even among different people from the same culture. Personal construct theory provides some insights into this issue as well
as some methods for establishing whether or not a measure is culture free. Hofstede (1980) provides some additional interesting commentary on the
general problem. He notes that ethnocentrism is present in most measures used in cross cultural research, and thus instruments should be developed
cross–culturally. In fact, he notes that ethnocentrism is common not only in research design and instrumentation, but also in data collection and in

Ant101 Final Research Paper
Final Research Paper
Tanya
ANT 101: Introduction to Cultural Anthropology Final Research Paper
Different societies exist throughout the world and within these societies each society develops culture that works best for them. Within these cultures
they pass all their acquired knowledge and traditions down from generation to generation. Nevertheless, each culture has their own way of life, own
marriage beliefs, their own values and feelings on life and religious beliefs. Cultures tend to have their own way to run their government, and ways to
keep their economy up to their standards. Most importantly in cultural anthropology it is imperative to value culture relativism. This is the view in
which no culture is superior to other ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Meanwhile, the segregation of jobs by gender and other factors affect pay equity. A term used back in the 1980's as a metaphor for the invisible and
artificial barriers that blocked women and minorities from advancing up the corporate ladder to management and executive positions is called the
glass ceiling (Hill, 2013). Louisville Women's Careers Examiner argues " Glass ceilings are still found in the workplaces, not only in the
discrimination of pay scales, but also marked by sexual harassment, exploitation at work and as a feeling of insecurity in women due to conduct of the
opposite sex" (Hill, 2013, p.33). Societal barriers that women tend to face are prejudice and bias, cultural, opportunity and attainment, gender, and
color–based differences. Moreover, several other barriers women run into are governmental, business structural and internal businesses all of which
have ramifications on their chances of success.
One of the best forms of family structures is polygyny which has been eroded through modernity and changes in culture. A unique culture, polygyny,
particularly practiced in the Sub–Saharan Africa. According to Grey (2008), "Of the twenty–nine nations in the world classified as having high rates of
polygyny, twenty–seven are located in sub–Saharan Africa, where the incidence of co–wives is ten times that found in other polygynous

The Effects Of Domestic Violence On The United States
The study of human culture provides us with a look into other cultures from an up–close and distinct perspective, which allows us to better understand
their culture and way of life. Taking an objective look at another culture without being somewhat biased can be a difficult task. This being the case, we
must examine culture by using emic and etic perspectives. An emic perspective is an insider views; observing the culture from within the culture itself.
An etic perspective is an outsider's view of a culture; evaluating the culture through the eyes of someone who is not part of the culture.
Therefore, I will use the etic perspective, over the course of this paper, to evaluate an aspect of my own culture. Additionally, I will also examine an
aspect of another culture from an emic perspective, to better comprehend the behaviors, culture systems and beliefs. I will specifically be analyzing the
topic of domestic violence in the United States, by examining the leading causes to this major issue, I will not only be able to better comprehend the
magnitude of the affects this issue has in women but also the lasting consequences it has on today's children. On the other hand, I will be taking an
emic approach into Fiji's teenagers today. As an insider into this culture, I will be able to analyze the impact of the introduction of television to a rural
community in Western Fiji and how issue has lead to a rapid social and economic change.
Part I
In this section, I will examine the

The Multicultural Self Assessment And Gain An...
Journal: Multicultural Awareness The purpose of this paper is to examine oneself by taking the Multicultural–Self Assessment and gain an
understanding about the "Other" of oneself based on previous experience. This paper will also cover a type of human development this writer identifies
with and how they to relate to the field of mental health counseling. These topics will assist one in connecting with clients from different
cultures.Multicultural Self–Assessment The findings of the Multicultural Self–Assessment were not unexpected to me. Nine of the answers were four
(4), which is not expected to me due to being taught by my mother and grandmother to not to talk too much and listen to other people. I was also
taught to not judge "Others" based on who they are, what they have, or what they say. I avoided judging other people because I did not want to be
judged in the same manner. The five questions I answered with a five (5) were not ones I had to think hard about. I do not assume anything in any
situation to avoid looking like a donkey. I go out the majority of time to watch people interact with each other and find humor in what is taking
place. I like to hear all sides of an issue in order to make a good decision, regardless of outcome. I am mindful of the impact my upbringing and
education (In school and out of school) have on my values and beliefs. I am aware of what I say to avoid offending other people. The only question I
answered a three (3) was based on my

Emic Vs Etic Anthropology
In the field of Anthropology there are two small terms that define your work, they are "emic" and "etic". Inside and outside. Synthesizing and
dissecting. When you look at the fields of documentary and journalism you can see a sketch of the same dichotomy. Like emic and etic anthropology,
they may be different in execution but they do serve a similar purpose; to inform people about the world and what is happening in it. Documentary
being the more emic art, looking at the subject in a holistic and encompassing way; hoping to inform the audience about the issue at hand. On the
flipside, journalism is etic it takes the boiled–down, "important" information in a compressed form and feeds it to the audience in order to inform the
audience about the issue at hand. As defined by Stephen Smith in his article, "What the Hell is a Radio Documentary?" a documentary is a "character
driven story" one which "conveys a rich sense of character and detail–or a substantial body of original investigative material." The emphasis on the
depth and detail of knowledge is important when comparing the two forms. Smith describes this difference as "time spent in the field is often what
distinguishes a documentary" such as Travis Fox's "Crisis in Darfur Expands: Testimonials" " from a feature or... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In a documentary, the artist is rarely seen, his or her character, personality, and opinion are shown in the shots they choose or the way in which they
commentate on their surroundings. A journalist is a main focal point in their piece, they are a recognizable face ever–present in the film. They walk
through the environment explaining the events to the viewer face–to–face. A journalist's opinion or style is often shown in their commentary choices
and they way they hold themselves in front of the camera. Their emotion is shown on their

Qualitative Research : Quantitative Research Essay
Qualitative research is a kind of of scientific research which consists of an analysis that look for answers to a question, systematically uses a specific
procedures to answer the question, gathers evidence, generate findings that are legit farther the limits of the study. Qualitative research has these
characteristics. As an addition, it looks for to analyze the research problem or motif from the aspect of the local people who involves the study.
Qualitative research is particularly effective in gathering culturally specific data about the ethics,behaviors, values and opinions of specific populations.
The power of qualitative research is its capability to supply complicated definition of how people reacts about the research issue. It supplies data about
the "human" side of a topic. Qualitative methods are also useful in labeling abstract factors, such as gender roles, religion and ethnicity. When work
with quantitative methods, qualitative research can help to define and better explain the complicated matter of a given topic and the conclusions of
quantitative data.
Even though results of qualitative information can often be enlarged to people with aspects similar to study population, achieving a productive and
compound grasp of a particular social topic or phenomenon typically can be theorize to other geological areas or populations. In this manner, qualitative
research is different insignificantly from scientific research in common.
There are three most

Why Is Rite Of Passage And Varieties Of Human Beings And...
If we take a close look at human origins, development and varieties of human beings and their societies from a personal perspective, we can to
comprehend ones culture from their point of view. Observing another culture without your personal convictions influencing your hypothesis is
nearly impossible. With this being said, we must utilize the emic and etic methods during observation, as instructed by anthropologists. These two
different methods let the researcher obtain perspective from the outside and from within the social group. In most cases we observe from an
outsiders view (etic), but to actually understand and experience another culture or society, one must become an insider (emic), or become part of
the culture to fully understand the viewpoints of another social group. During the course of this paper I will examine and explain the importance of
rite of passage through etic perspective in order to portray the view of an outsider. The experience that I encountered and its importance in the
society in which I lived in will be discussed. I will explain the significance of the rite of passage and the consequences based on historical events.
Rites of passage are something that was more accepted in past generations, still existing today just not as evident as they once were. I will also
examine the extreme following of suicide terrorists in the Middle East region, their methods of recruiting and motivations that drive them to execute
these evil orders. I will compare the

Hofstede Cultural Difference Critiques
Contents
Introduction: Etic or Emic? At what extent are McSweeney's critiques valuable?4
Research Validity5
Research Reliability:5
Research Sample5
Back to Culture7
Questionnaire and Dimensions8
History and Research Validations9
Conclusion10
Bibliography12
Introduction: Etic or Emic? At what extent are McSweeney's critiques valuable?
Arguably, Hofstede's work (1980, 1997) represents a pioneering approach of culture as a way of comparing international management frameworks. First
of all, prior to offering any evaluations in regards to McSweeney's criticism (2002a/b), it is crucial to identify the nature of Hostede's work within the
entire sphere of the culture approach itself.
In contrast to the guarantors of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As McSweeney's (2002a: 95–99) argues, respondents' cultural framework is made up by three non–interacting and durable levels of culture (Tab.2).

At the first level, the assumptions which would free this model from any shortcomings would be that there is only one IBM culture and that there is
also a common worldwide occupational culture for each job (Hofstede 1980a: 181). What are these assumptions based on?
[Tab.2]
According to McSweeney (2002a: 96), these assumptions are "too crude and implausible to underpin Hofstede's emphatic empirical claims" .
Following the thread of his argument we come across a situation where assuming that an IBM employee, whether in a developed USA head office or
a new opened branch office in Pakistan, will possess the same identical organizational and occupational culture does become hard to encompass. In
response to this argument, Hofstede acknowledges that considerable differences exist at the "organizational level" (1991: 93), yet it redefines the
entire organizational culture as a mere set of "shared perceptions of daily practices" (1991: 182–3), therefore distancing from the early–stage
value–based definition. According to McSweeney (2002b), this is only a failed attempt to deliver a straightforward concept and definition of
organizational culture.
Back to Culture
Hofstede's vision of culture is often linked to two different concepts, unique national tendency and central tendency, respectively. In the

Positionality: Scientific Method and Research
[pic]
[pic]
In Partnership with University of Wales, Lampeter
A Critical Review of My Positionality and Its Impact On The Research I Undertake
Business Research Methods
MBA2010–L–A1
Submitted By: – Suraj Rai
Student ID: – 072078 – 77
University ID: – 27003380
Abstract
In this paper I have tried to explain the concept of positionality and its various parameters like emic and etic, positivist, interpretivist, empiricist and
rationalist, constructivist and reductionist. Then, I tried to analyze my positionality on the basis of these points and how these will effect on the research
that I select and the methodologies that I choose. Society in which I grew up, religion, beliefs, norms and values that I accepted, race, language, ... Show
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In other words, who I am determines, to a large extent, what I want to study.'
I am, as a researcher, a product of who I am as a person, and who I am as a person is a result of my race, class, gender, and sexuality. I am the
researcher I am because I have experienced life in a certain manner. Additionally, what I believe about research cannot be separated from who I am
(Harding, 1987).

Mehra (2002) explains further –'A researcher's personal beliefs and values are reflected not only in the choice of methodology and interpretation of
findings, but also in the choice of a research topic. In other words, what we believe in determines what we want to study.'
Positivism verses Interpretivism Approach:
"Interpretive research begins and ends with the biography and self of the researcher." (Denzin, 1989, p.12). The positivist researcher is not affected by
the subject of the research because he makes generalizations. (Saunders, 2003 p. 83). When the investigator is a positivist, he tends to use methods like
experiments, surveys and field studies to generate data. In this approach, the interviewer is more likely to be an outsider which means that the
investigator does not have any relation with the study group.
From the other point of view, interpretivism is about opinions, views and perceptions the people experience in every day life. For example, people
interpretation happens according to the situation in which they experiences; which means the way

The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
1. Cognitive anthropology emerged in the 1960s and is concerned with folk taxonomies and semantic domains as they are practiced in ethnolinguistics
and by ethnoscientists in the New Ethnography. The New Ethnography is a name for cognitive anthropology known for investigative techniques
devised by Harold Conklin, Charles Frake, and Ward Goodenough .Cognitive anthropology's theoretical orientation was emic (the insider point of
view, which is different from etic or the outsider point of view).
Cognitive anthropology is rooted in both Boasian cultural relativism and anthropological linguistics as well as cognitive processes. One major
precursor for cognitive anthropology was the Sapir–Whorf Hypothesis. The Sapir–Whorf Hypothesis was shaped by Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee
Whorf and states that languages classify experiences differently. Other than Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf, Kenneth Pike (a linguist) was
influential on cognitive anthropology. He contrasted emic with etic and made the analogy between phonemics, which is the linguistic meaning created
by sounds, and phonetics, which is the linguistic sounds that create meaning. The other major figures of cognitive anthropology include Ward
Goodenough, Charles Frake, Harold Conklin, Roy D'Andrade, Floyd Lounsbury, Stephen Levinson, and Susan Weller.... Show more content on
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In addition to ethnolinguistics there's the New Ethnography, semantic domain (a mental domain of cultural meaning that is the focus of inquiry in
cognitive anthropology), componential analysis (research technique used to generate folk taxonomies of semantic domains), and folk taxonomies
(culturally conditioned maps of semantic domains). Early on in the development of cognitive anthropology, folk taxonomies were focused on things
like diseases and

Body Ritual Among The Nacirema By Horace Miner
Horace Miner, a American Anthropologist wrote an academic essay titled "Body Ritual Among the Nacirema." In this article Miner described some
of the bizarre rituals and practices of the "Nacirema" which the reader comes to find out that he is talking about North Americans. The way Miner
goes into detail about how these people live makes them seem foreign. Thus making the norm for an American lifestyle seem odd because the certain
type of lingo Miner uses to make this "tribe" more exotic then the actually are. His point in doing this is to show the reader how obnoxious
anthropologist can be when they are explain a different culture. As a western civilization we are guilty of making other cultures seem strange and
unrelatable by describing their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If the article was wrote from a emic standpoint the reader would have good understanding of the Nacirema lifestyle with no wondering why they do
things a certain way. Because the emic method in inquiring information from a culture is to have in–depth interviews in their native language.
However, there are many times where this article does not explain why the Nacirema does these strange things. And if a emic anthropologist would
have done this evaluation there would not be that confusion or lack of information because they conduct these in–depth interviews. In paragraph 12 we
can see the "lack of information" from the Nacirema culture; "Special women's rites are performed only four times during each lunar month, but what
they lack in frequency is made up in barbarity. As part of this ceremony, women bake their heads in small ovens for about an hour. The theoretically
interesting point is that what seems to be a preponderantly masochistic people have developed sadistic specialists." There is a lot of assumptions
happening in this observation of the Nacirema women's "ritual". As an American you'll read this and be confused into what the anthropologist is trying
to describe. Then realizing that all Miner is describing is a women getting her hair done at the salon. During the 1950's (the time when this essay was

The Power of Working Out Essay
The Power of Working Out
Wherever I go, whenever I go, whoever I see, I am always astonished by the way that people want to present themselves. The principle of working
out reminds me of nothing else but a song titled " wherever, whenever, whoever " by Shakira. It is for the pure sense that everyone wants to look good
and become popular by looking good. The media brings about popularity just by looking this so called " good. " Take for exampleBritney Spears,
Christina Aguilara, Shakira, and other teen pop sensations. Many of these pop stars are not even old enough to drink, however they are making
millions of dollars from their performances and cd's that have sold. But it is not just the music that has created such ... Show more content on
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So the JCC is a very ideal place for someone to go work out having it a very nice and clean facility with many benefits.
The weight room itself is a very nice big open room which is surrounded by treadmills, weights that range from 1–100 pounds. Ski machines, bench
press machines, sit up benches, curling bars and other machines that makes it a very nice place for people to work out while above them is a T.V
screen maybe about the size of 20 inches where people watch sports, the discovery channel, or anything else that may please the people to make it a
more enjoyable work out. It seems as if the weight room evolves around an age group of all sorts. People within the ages of 15 to 70 years old,
perhaps even older come to this weight room to work out and increase their health. It seems not to only be a health
Elkin 2
issue but also a place for people to come and be social with one another and talk about sports, their work out, or anything else.
On Saturday, November 24, 2001 I arrived into a giant parking lot where I was only one of a few cars parked. This is because the JCC opens at 1:00
PM, however I am
supposed to be there early so I can turn all the TV's on, as well as all the machines, and put out the towels

The Dobe Ju/'Hoansi Essay
Cultural Anthropology
The Dobe Ju/'hoansi
Commonly referred to as Bushmen by the general public and thought of as being harsh wild people that live in the "unlivable" Kalahari Desert. The
Ju /'hoansi tribe native to the southern African desert, located along the border of Namibia and Botswana, have been misunderstood and stereotyped
for a long time. This is until a man by the name of Richard B. Lee came along and wrote an ethnography about the local systems of the Ju and
completely changed how an outsider might view this rural tribe, along with being a fine example of proper long–term field research in social
anthropology. This highly regarded book on the Ju /'hoansi is titled "The Dobe Ju /'hoansi." Although Lee states in the ... Show more content on
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A large contributing factor has to be the desire and efforts put forth by Lee to not only see the Ju lifestyle, but to feel it. The desire and effort by
Lee is conveyed in a quote about him getting initiated into a family's kin by saying, "I signified my pleasure with the turn of events. Here was a
whole family to be a part of, one with genealogical links to throughout the Dobe area." (Lee 2003: 60) Lee started to become a member of the Ju
/'hoansi as a tool to learn more about the culture they live in. After Lee was given a name, /Tontah, by the adoptive family it led him to believe
that, "It was clear I had a lot to learn about the kinship system and social organization."(Lee 2003: 60) Lee's subjects are portrayed as having
individual personalities rather than grouping the whole tribe based on a few personalities. This sums up how Lee approached his work and how with
the emic perspective he was able to uncover much more than from an observational standpoint. Regardless on Lee's expressed neutrality in The Great
Kalahari Debate his book has been prompted to the front lines of the clash between traditionalists and revisionists. Being used as the poster book for
the traditionalist side Lee obviously demonstrates the holistic approach by stating that no one "had bothered to systematically ask the Ju people
themselves for their views of their own history."(Lee 2003: 213) This attitude combined with the extensive amount of time spent doing fieldwork

Rites Of Passage In The Japanese Community
Throughout this section, I will explore the rites of passage in the Japanese community from an emic perspective. Crapo (2013) defines emic, "an
insider's or native's meaningful account– may be written for outsiders but portrays a culture and its meanings as the insider underВ¬stands it. Exploring
the Japanese community from an emic perspective takes dedication and understandings. The Japanese community has a wide variety of ceremonies that
are practiced both in America and Japan. Some traditional ceremonies or celebrations are the baptisms, marriages, death and afterlife. According to
Ichihara (2013), a baptisms practice reveals that "The 1959 Prayer Book was revolutionary in the initiation rites. It combined the traditional three
different ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the article of rites of passage, by Tsuji (2011) he discusses how Japan culture goes through different rituals when reaching the point of death and
afterlife compared to the United States. When one speaks of old age in the United States, it refers to an individual who is ready to retire or close
to passing away. In recent research, some typical behaviors upon reaching this milestone are when a person moves into a senior living capacity, the
use of hearing aids, and one might even give up driving. On the other hand, Japan's culture is different when referring to celebrations and old age.
The rites of passage rituals for those getting old start as early as sixty years old. The reason Japanese celebrate his or her sixtieth birthday is that
many did not survive longer than his or her sixtieth birthday. In addition to Japanese culture of old age, they also celebrate auspicious birthdays. This
tradition is a sequence of celebrations that occurs different time throughout his or her lifetime. The Japanese reflect back on the person's life for which
they have lived. Another critical fact is that these birthday celebrations were known to guide death within rites of passage. The rites of passage
continue beyond death into the afterlife with the tradition of worshiping the ancestors. Some of the cultures of the Japanese afterlife include the
offering of tea, flowers, and rice to

Essay about Wisdom Sits in Places
November 29, 2011
Wisdom Sits in Places: Landscape and Language Among the Western Apache
Keith H. Basso's Wisdom Sits in Places: Landscape and Language Among the Western Apache delivers a strong message regarding human connections
between place, identity, and origins in relation to the idea of place–names. Every place evokes an association to a story and/or a person/ancestor
bearing a moral message that allows the WesternApache to shape their beliefs, behaviors, identities, etc. It is through this connection to the land that
the Apache begin to define their understanding of their lives. Along with the connection to nature comes a strong connection to their ancestors. Many
of the narratives that come from these places is in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, the Apache do not believe an individual can claim land, which is not a universally shared sentiment. On that same note though, as stated
in lecture, ethnography is always: partial, positioned, provisional, and based on dialogue. So, Basso's stance on place–names being a universal idea is
not necessarily a fault in his studies, but instead, his position in his studies and the position of those whom he studies.
Wisdom Sits in Places is heavy in its dialogue allowing the readers to make their own interpretations from an etic perspective. It is through the dialogue
that the reader is able to really understand the importance the Western Apacheplace on the "where" of things that happened, as opposed to, the "when."
The year something happened is not the driving force behind a place–name, in fact, the year is typically not even mentioned in their dialogues. It seems
as far as the Western Apache are concerned, the past need not be mentioned as the past–put the emphasis in the place–name and that is enough to feel
connected to the past.
"Because nobody knows when these phenomena came into being, locating past events in time can be accomplished only in a vague and general way.
This is of little consequence, however, for what matters most to Apaches is where events occurred, not

Tattoos : Culture And Culture
There are different aspects of every culture and the American culture is no different. One of the aspects of American culture is the tattoo. Tattoos have
been around for centuries, they are also part of other cultures and appeal to a broad variety of people. Tattoos became part of American culture through
cultural diffusion, which is where one culture shares its culture with another through direct contact. Recently tattoos have re–assimilated into American
culture and society by first being associated with deviant behavior and rejected by the mainstream culture to being accepted and popular in the
mainstream culture due to its recent association with fashion. The etic perspective or the outside view varies because outside cultures, both agree and
disagree with tattoos. Before tattoos were incorporated into American culture, they were part of other cultures. Therefore, the cultures and countries
that have tattoos as a part of their culture are more accepting of the tattoo culture in America. However, not everyone in these cultures approves of
tattoos becoming part of American culture because they see it as disrespectful and offensive to their culture. The reason for this is several pro–tattoo
Americans only appreciate tattoos for their use in body art instead of their symbolic meaning to other cultures. These Americans just attribute tattoos to
identity formation and fashion. They are offended because Americans do not understand the actual culture and significance around

The Importance Of Culture In Education
Studying about the human culture lets us look into other cultures from an up–close and more personal perspective to understand their culture from
there stand point. We must use a different approach, as anthropologists who conduct their research by understanding that there are two approaches for
evaluating a culture and that is emic and etic. I will be examining an aspect of my own culture and I will also examine an aspect of another culture
from an emic perspective. I will demonstrate a culturally relativistic perspective, without using opinionated or judgmental language. Throughout this
paper I will also try to examine an aspect of my own race and its cultural practices and behaviors. The main topic of my paper is Education. I want to
be able to show that no matter what culture you come from, education is for anyone. I will examine the rights of education in the United States and
discuss anti–school culture among Sweden boys to show why girls perform better in school than boys.
Part 1
According to Crapo (2013), an "etic perspective is an outsider's or observer's allegedly objective account" (p. 27). Looking from an etic point of view,
looking at my own culture, in comparison to the Nacirema culture discussed in Miner's article, there are some similarities. Some people may think how
can these two cultures have anything in common. Although the African– American culture have no dealings with the Nacirema's, there are some
aspects that are similar with their culture. I will

Tattoos In American Culture
Tattoos in Culture There are different aspects of every culture and the American culture is no different. One of the aspects of American culture is the
tattoo. Tattoos have been around for centuries, they are also part of other cultures and appeal to a broad variety of people. Tattoos became part of
American culture through cultural diffusion, which is where one culture shares its culture with another through direct contact. Recently tattoos have
re–assimilated into American culture and society by first being rejected by the mainstream culture to being accepted and popular in the mainstream
culture. The etic perspective or the outside view varies because outside cultures, both agree and disagree with tattoos. Before tattoos were incorporated
into American culture, they were part of several other cultures. Therefore, the cultures and countries that have tattoos as a part of their culture are more
accepting of the tattoo culture in America. However, not everyone in these cultures approves of tattoos becoming part of American culture because
they see it as mocking and offensive to their culture. This is because several pro–tattoo Americans only like tattoos for body art instead of their
symbolic meaning to other cultures and just attribute tattoos to identity formation and fashion. They are offended because Americans do not
understand the actual culture and significance around tattoos. Except for a few Americans who connect tattoos with some symbolic meaning, the
majority

Essay about Etic vs. Emic Approaches in Anthropology
Adrian Simons–Wilson
Working in the field as a cultural anthropologist requires participant observation, interviews, and observation. (Knight) The etic and emic–orientated
styles are two different styles that applied anthropologists use in their field work. The etic–orientated approach is a perspective that in ethnography uses
concepts and categories for the anthropologists culture to describe another culture. (Ferraro/Andretta) The emic–orientated approach is a viewpoint in
ethnography that uses the concepts and categories that are relevant and meaningful to the culture under analysis (Ferraro/Andreatta). There has been
much debate on whether the etic or emic–orientated techniques of research should be used in the field. Cultural ... Show more content on
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One will need to look to the humanities to understand the culture. This turn to the humanities is an emic technique used in the field.
Emic–orientated investigations succeed because it engages applied anthropologists to live with and live like the people of the culture they are studying.
It becomes a personal study under the emic practice. Being personally involved allows one to connect to the culture and why that culture thinks and
performs a certain way.
Emic–orientated research fails because it gets too personal with its subjects. This can cause one to stop looking at its subjects as research to be
analyzed but as people, which they are, to just befriend and not critically think about. One may begin sympathizing with those within the culture and
not be able to learn about the culture from an outsider's point of view. It would be difficult from an emic view to understand why a family may be
dehydrated if they are blaming their religious beliefs when they are in fact dehydrated because it has not rained for a month. Religion in this case
would be an unreasonable rationale.
You cannot understand a culture from just an etic approach; you need emic research methods as well in order to get accurate information to help you
understand that culture. Etic and emic investigations both have their pros and cons, and together they compliment and support each other. The
subsequent will look at readings that give examples of etic and emic studies.
"Eating Christmas in

Body Ritual Among The Nacirema
It is so easy to access your own culture to examine aspects; however, this paper will flip the script using an etic view to gain a better understanding of
American culture from an outsider's perspective while taking on an insider's perspective to examine another culture, Japan using an emic view. Cultural
relativism tells us that we must examine beliefs and activities of other cultures with a meaningful understanding of the context of that particular culture,
background, history, and practices from an emic perspective without prejudice or superiority (Crapo, 2013). Rituals connect something beyond the
person through the shared sentiments and meaning that they create. Rituals are meaningful to the person and to the society as ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Memories of everyone being together where all adults sat and ate at the big dining table; and children sat at a smaller table where everyone was
together and thankful to be there with family and friends. This tradition is passed on from generation to generation because rituals promise a sense of
continuity, order, and predictability. They are important times in life of special moments, changes, and transitions. A ritual practiced in the Black
American culture is the family reunion which is an annual event, usually held in the warm weather season, kicking off the event with a barbeque picnic
at a park or resort, with planned activities for a weekend. Where cultural meanings and knowledge is shared and passed between generations and elders
are honored. Grandmothers, grandfathers, great–grandparents to aunts and uncles are recognized and honored for their wisdom, guidance, and
longevity. So, the aging ritual in American is a process of going from independency to dependency, from living alone to a shared environment with a
high probability of living in a multigenerational household with

Etic And Emic Analysis On Suicide Terrorism
Etic and Emic Analysis on Suicide Terrorism Exploring different cultures as well as your own in order to understand the various ways they do things
compared to our own can be enlightening as well as challenging. The main challenge comes from being used to your own culture that it is difficult to
view a different culture without any personal bias. Being born and raised in a culture and getting used to those norms of everyday life contributes to the
bias that one may show, believing that their own culture is superior to another. This type of thought process is called ethnocentrism. But with the use of
an etic and emic approach to analyze your own culture and different cultures will help eliminate ethnocentrism. Using an outsider's ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The reader eventually figures out that "Nacirema" culture is indeed the American culture. This article is very helpful in understanding that just
because cultural aspects of America are the norm for you, those same aspects can seem eccentric to people of a different culture. Suicide terrorism is
one of those acts of violence that is almost impossible to defend against. In his article, Atran (2003) explains suicide terrorism as "the targeted use of
self–destructing humans against noncombatant–typically civilian–populations to effect political change" (pg. 1534). One of the most remembered dates
is American history is September 11, 2001. This was a day in which suicide terrorism took the lives of nearly 3,000 Americans (History.com, 2010).
This suicide attack is where 19 Al–Qaeda followers hi–jacked four airplanes and used them to crash them into the World Trade Center in New York
and into the Pentagon in Washington D.C. This triggered the then President, George W. Bush to declare war to "destroy Osama bin Laden's terrorist
network based there" (History.com, 2010). Osama bin Laden was Al–Qaeda leader that claimed responsibility of the suicide attack on the United States.
This type of use of suicide terrorism was not only used to kill many innocent people, but to be televised and reported on to put fear into the

Guskey's Matrix
By supporting building administrators in first understanding the Matrix, then having them apply the principles to their planning and lastly creating a
measurement tool that the administrators will use to determine the effectiveness based on the level of Guskey's Matrix the teachers believe the PD
reaches. The percentage of teachers that believe the professional development they receive helps them to better meet the needs of their students should
increase.
After phase one is completed the researcher will first hold a professional development for building administrators that will explain Guskey's Matrix.
Then the researcher will sit down with every administrator during the Summer of 2018 and plan out a series of professional development ... Show more
This assessment will take place in the Spring of 2018 so the researcher can formulate the correct intervention for the school system, that will begin in
the Fall of 2018. While phase two will be a reflection on if the intervention is working. During phase one the research will be etic, only observing what
is occurring at the building level. collecting data to better understand the current reality. During phase two I will be both emic and etic. I will be working
closely with the administrators to plan the professional development and I will probably be delivering some of the sessions. I will also be an
observer when most of the sessions are taking place, which will allow me to observe the teachers closely.
Bounding the Case
This research project will take place over the course of a year and half, from the Spring of 2018 to the Fall of 2019. The first six months will be
dedicated to performing the needs assessment, while the full year will be used to implement the three iterations of the intervention. The site of this
research will be three urban middle schools in Stamford Connecticut. Each with a population of about 500 students from grades six through eight, 45
faculty members and three administrators. Within the schools the sessions will take place in the administration offices and in the training rooms where
the teachers meet. The participants for this study will include the principals, since

The World We Used to Live In by Vine Deloria Essay
Vine Deloria, author of The World We Used to Live In, not only introduces his readers to indigenous Native American spirituality and traditional
practices including ceremonies but also brings several important ideas of native spirituality to the forefront. He discusses the importance of having and
maintaining a relationship with mother earth and all living beings; an interconnectedness with nature in all forms that is crucial to the understanding
and practice of Native American spirituality. Dreams and visions were discussed as an important form of communication in indigenous spirituality. The
important relationships with animal and plant spirits are discussed. The concept of power and what is considered power in Native Spirituality.... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are at peace with themselves and their surroundings. Dreams and visions are another way to communicate with nature and maintain balance and
harmony. Through dreams and visions, Deloria explains how people can receive guidance from ancestor spirits about how to survive on the land and
also about how to live a good and moral life. "Observations however were not enough. People had dreams in which aspects of the living universe came
forward to urge them to take certain well–defined paths of behavior." While all Native Americans are capable of having dreams and visions, there are
some who are in tuned to a higher level of communication with nature. These people are called medicine men and women. Medicine men and
women are special individuals chosen by animal and ancestor spirits who are thought to be living good and moral lives. They are given certain
powers which allow them to heal people. In his book, Deloria gives us many emic encounters and stories told by Native Americans as well as etic
encounters by outsiders perspectives. Through these encounters such as "Thunder Cloud Receives Healing Powers" (Deloria 44) and "Red Bird's
Yuwipi" (Deloria 86) we can see the special and unique connection medicine men and women have with nature and spirits through their healing and
ceremonies. The Yuwipi ceremony is of great importance and a demonstration of the powers of the medicine men that

How Culture And Perception Are Directly Influenced By...
The idea behind language as culture is explained succinctly by dividing the description into a framework of separate ideas. By breaking down how
perception is developed through environment and the presence of norms, culture is demonstrated as the provider that perpetuates this social
environment. The cohesion required of large populations begins with cooperation and communication. From the expression of traditions, the
reinforcements of norms through stories and the passing of knowledge, language is the cohesive glue of people to environment. This can be
exemplified further by a pursuit that transcends individual populations to create a separate culture and therefore maintains its own environment. In this
paper I hope to analyze and illustrate how culture and perception are directly influenced by language.
Beginning with the knowledge that perception drives the creation of anything from human minds or hands, it can easily be suggested that interactions
with the surrounding world are subject to this same perception. The very experience of living is sensory and and dependant on what is presented to
stimulate those senses. Following this logic what has been created through the influence of environment is, according to the author and Material
Culturalist Richard Grassby, "subject to both etic and emic analysis" (592). The reality of social interactions within a given environment, and the
people who inhabit this space, must also "be structured to be perceived and understood"

The Scalpel And The Silver Bear Summary
In the novel The Scalpel and The Silver Bear, Alvord is Native American and specifically has roots from the Navajo tribe. At the beginning of the
novel she is conflicted by coming from a biracial family where her mother is white and her father is Navajo. This conflict follows her all of the way
to college in choosing an Ivy League school. She later decides on a school known as Dartmouth because of the fact that they had substantial amount of
Native Americans than any other Ivy League school. Alvord graduated from Dartmouth with a psychology and sociology degree but still had
aspirations to become a doctor. She returns to school at Stanford to study medicine, after fulfilling her degree she made her way back to New Mexico
near Gallup.
Alvord Practiced at Gallup Indian Medical Center where she stood out from her peers. She realized that all of her peers are Anglos and she was the
only Native American. Although she is Native American she is not seen as such from her Native American Patients because of her modern medical
practices. Alvord felt conflicted for her Native American background by practicing western medicine. She realizes that trust is the most difficult aspect
when having Native American patients. Since the doctors are mostly Anglos it is difficult to communicate to the Navajo patients. Alvord realized this
conflict and bridged the patient–physician gap by speaking Navajo and touching the patients. Since Navajo's believe in touching, singing and feeling as
a major

Analysis Of Michael Schaap 's ' Mom ' Why Did You...
The film, Mom, Why Did You Circumcise Me, the narrator, Michael Schaap, explores the conversation of MC (male circumcision) within his
community. Schaap initiates the discussion by speaking to the cultural aspects and traditions of why MC may occur as well as the medical implications
and the sometimes involuntary occurrences of the practice. Schaap's clear argument –as it pertains to MC– is stated at the beginning of the film. But
before we dig into his perspective, let 's understand the types of perspectives presented in the film. The emic perspective is the experiences and
perspectives of people within the culture (natives) while the etic perspective is the limited experience of an outsider viewing the culture. The many
emic perspectives – from the circumcised men Schaap interviews and himself– present themselves within the film; however, I will focus on the emic
perspectives of the Muslim convert, Abdulwahid van Bommel, and the Jewish Man, Leo Mock. Bommel states that nowhere in the Koran was MC
mentioned, but that it derives from the people who teach the Koran focusing on the verse of Ibraheem and compares MC to upkeep of the body
(compared to cutting hair and nails) for hygiene 's sake. Bommel states he was circumcised at age 23 and it "felt like an initiation ritual" and "now
[he] had become a real Muslim". Through this emic perspective, the scope of the cultural significance behind the practice of MC is implicated. It
signifies manhood, it signifies being a part of

Cultural Culture Courtship And Marriage
Cultural relativism says that we must examine cultural practices within a cultural context, seeking to understand different practices from the eye of
those who practice them. It is sometimes hard to understand other cultures from an emic perspective, and there is a tendency to favor your culture,
viewing it as superior. It is helpful to change your perspective, assuming an outside view towards your culture and taking an inside look at another.
Over the course of this paper, I will explain my American Culture courtship and marriage traditions through the etic eye to show the perspective to an
outsider, and I will examine an aspect of the Sub–Saharan African polygyny marriage from an emic perspective to become familiar with this lifestyle.
In this section, I will examine the American culture in courtship and marriage from an etic perspective. As Crapo(2013) describes etic as "etic models
invariably describe cultures in ways that seem alien to its participants but facilitate comparisons between cultures and the discovery of universal
principles in the structure and functioning of cultures" (p.27). In the article Body Ritual among the Nacierema, Miner(1956) describes an aspect of the
"Nacierema" culture from an etic perspective, allowing readers to realize the Nacierema are Americans. From an etic eye, Americans practice probably
seems as strange to an outsider, as their culture is to ours. In American culture, there is courtship and marriage. Courtship in

Relationship Between Customers And Employees At Caje And...
Introduction:
The focus of my study will be examining the relationships between customers and employees at CAJГ‰ and what behavioral patterns customers
conduct when reacting with one another. I will be looking at the motivations behind customers to go to CAJГ‰ and the sense of trust that strangers
share with one another while at the CafГ©. I wanted to ask why students are more inclined to trust others to watch their belongings while they leave the
CAJГ‰? Additionally, what motivates people to go to CAJГ‰?
Methods:
In order to collect my data, I practiced participant–observation through going to CAJГ‰ and sitting at various tables each time. I took typed up
observations on my computer which looked similar to studying, helping me immerse ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During my participant–observation I chose to ask a female student if I could sit across from her. She told me of course. A few minutes later she
asked if I would watch her belongings which included her laptop and background, while she quickly used the restroom. Over the course of the hours I
sat there I noticed that a few other students asked others to watch their stuff. When interviewing an student employee she told me that "I leave my stuff
at a table and will leave for up to an hour and nothing bad has ever happened to any of my things".
Students come to CAJГ‰ for various reasons. The majority of come to CAJГ‰ because they enjoy doing school work there, it's a good meeting
spot, friendly staff, to socialize, good coffee & green tea matcha. During one of my interviews, the interviewee stated that "I love to study at
CAJГ‰, but I can never really expect to get a significant amount of work done. I always get distracted by everyone I know there". I observed the
majority of the students in the cafГ© were on their laptops and what appeared to be studying. At closer observation I noticed many were
procrastinating through texting or web surfing. Nearly all of the students had their earphones in while studying, regardless of the music that was being
played from CAJГ‰'s speakers. The other sounds that you could hear was the blender, the tapping of the portafilter (used for

Case 4.2: The Case Of The Confused Decision Maker
Case 4.2: The Case of the Confused Decision Maker Kris is a 19–year–old high school graduate who is seeking counseling to assist her in choosing a
major for college. She graduated in the top 10% of her class and seems to identify well with other females in her age group. Kris grew up in a very
traditional family where gender roles are very structured and evident inside and outside the household. Kris relies heavily on approval from her
brothers and struggles to make decisions of her own. Kris's emotional state can be categorized as dependent and anxious. Because of her traditional
values, Kris has been forced to think and act in a certain way deemed proper by her family. Over the years, Kris has become dependent on her brothers
for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Over the past years, Inez has held various jobs in various environments. She currently works at a health food store but seems unhappy. Inez
admitted to having problems with depression, procrastination, and the negligence of trying harder because of her fear of failure. Inez's major career
problem is her inability to identify what she enjoys doing or what occupational area she would benefit from. If Inez was able to identify her interest
and obtain a job she enjoys, it may assist her in job and emotional stability. Inez's emotional instability has caused friction in both her occupational and
personal life. Without proper control of her depression, Inez in unable for properly focus on work task and advance in her vocational abilities. Her
depression is also destroying her relationship with her children and other family members. During counseling, Inez made the statement "I can relate to
other people but I resist becoming involved in close relationships". Individuals with depression tend to steer away from close relationships. This
statement alone may identify Inez's incapability of developing and maintaining relationships with her supervisors and coworkers. Inez may benefit
from work that requires limited customer contact and allows her to work

The Pros And Cons Of Suicide Terrorism
Suicide terrorism does not always have to be an attack on the United States from a different country with different cultural values. Suicide terrorism can
come from American citizens. More current events are mass shootings by American citizens against their own people. One event is the attack on Sandy
Hook Elementary. Thisattack was where Adam Lanza started by killing his own mother, and then moved on to Sandy Hook Elementary where he
took the lives of "Twenty children and six adults" (Connecticut Shootings Fast Facts, 2017, para. 2). After this act of violence, Adam Lanza
committed suicide. Another more recent mass shooting attack was the mass shooting in Las Vegas. This attack was carried out by Stephen
Paddock. Stephen Paddock, in his attack killed 58 and wounded around 500 people before taking his own life (Yan, & Park, 2017). Whether suicide
terrorism is being used by domestic or foreign enemies, the message is clear. They want to hurt innocent people but at the same time scare the rest of
the American people. Also, after these attacks many political battles were pushed. Whether it be going to war with another country, or making far
stricter laws to possess a firearm and to outlaw certain types of fire arms. These political battles have sparked many debates among the American
people. It seems with the loss of innocent lives, certain groups in America try to use this to push their own personal views of what America should do
to prevent any further acts.

ANT101 Week 1 Vocabulary Concepts
Top of Form
Question 1.
Question :
Which of the following is an example of an etic description of teen pregnancy in America?
Student Answer:
One of my friends in high school got pregnant in her sophomore year. She and the father decided to keep the baby, got married and just celebrated
their 10th anniversary. They both finished college and have good jobs now. It just goes to show that people can overcome teen pregnancy and become
successful parents.
Although popular opinion sometimes indicates otherwise, according to a statistical analysis from the US Department of Health and Services (2014),
teen pregnancy rates have been steadily declining for the past twenty years. In America, most teenagers are not yet fully independent ... Show more
Student Answer:
Muslim women wear the veil for a variety of reasons, which vary from individual to individual and from culture to culture.
Muslim women living in North America and Europe often face scrutiny over their choice to wear the veil, even though many Western people do not
fully understand the practice.
There are many misconceptions and stereotypes about why Muslim women wear veils.
I think all Muslim women are stupid and weak, and this is why they are forced to wear the veil in submission to their husbands. Instructor Explanation:
As Crapo (2013, p.53) notes, cultural relativism is, "the idea that the significance of an act is best understood by the standards of the actor's own
culture." In this statement, the student is drawing upon opinion, rather than research on the cultural significance of wearing the veil.

Points Received:
1 of 1 Comments:
Question 5.
Question :
According to your textbook, cultural relativism is exactly the same as moral relativism
Student Answer:
True
False Instructor Explanation:
As the author of your textbook, Crapo (2013, p.52) notes, "we need not, for instance, come to value infanticide in order to understand the roles it may
play in peoples' lives in a society where it is customary. What cultural relativism requires of us is simply that we do not confuse our own feelings about
such a custom with understanding it. To do the latter, we must investigate the meanings

Neurotheology: The Relationship Between The Brain,...
The Brain, Perception, and Reality
The brain is the control center of the body. While common in most animals, it is an intricate fusion between technology and biology. The brain
controls every move the body makes and every breath it takes. It controls the ability of perception, or the ability to see, hear, or become aware of
something through the senses. The world's fastest computer is only close to 4 times faster than the human brain. The brain has been around for millions
of years and only just now have we caught up to it in terms of processing speed. The evolution of the human nervous system has allowed them to
dominate the Earth. The five senses all correspond with the nervous system through their own nerve pathways. Humans are the only ... Show more
This definition is flawed, because each person sees things "as they actually exist" in their own way. One way to see into how someone perceives
the world around them is through a method called the emic and etic approaches. They are described in an article by Harvard University called
Foundations of Qualitative Research in Education. In reference to the emic approach it states "In taking an emic approach, a researcher tries to put
aside prior theories and assumptions in order to let the participants and data "speak" to them and to allow themes, patterns, and concepts to emerge"
(Harvard) and for the etic approach it states "An etic approach (sometimes referred to as "outsider," "deductive," or "top–down") uses as its starting
point theories, hypothesis, perspectives, and concepts from outside of the setting being studied" (Harvard). To comprehend what would supposedly be
an average reality, both emic and etic approaches must be used. In order to understand what each individual believes to be his own reality, the one
responsible for discerning this information must ask the patient himself what he feels, sees, lives, etc. An etic approach is required only after enough
information has been gathered through emic methods to have a database to compare new information with. Once the foundation is set to begin the etic
methods, comparisons between

The Impact Of Budget Cuts On Educational Institutions And...
A society's culture is built through time and consists of many variables that can depend on many different factors. For a person to understand the
relativism of other cultures they must open their mind and try to see from another perspective. Through this assignment I will put my shift my mind
to an outsider's etic view to enable me to examine my own culture. Furthermore, I will jump on the side of an insider to gain the emic perspective of
a culture as if I have lived in it. In this paper I will specifically examine my own cultures educational crisis from an outsider's perspective to understand
where the failures are in our education. I will then dive into an insider's perspective to the act and reasons behind suicide terrorism, and ... Show more
Different American educational policies and practices can be determined by multiple factors such as demographic considerations, budget concerns,
economic impact and cultural values Shapiro (2013). American higher education is described by Engell and Dangerfield (2005) as "The
fastest–expanding and often strongest motivation in American higher education is now money" (as quoted in Bean, 2007, page 240). For instance,
budget cuts have been administered nearly all over the country but how does it affect the institutions within that state. When states are unable to
provide aid to school districts due to budget cuts in our economy it in turn takes away needed courses that educate students that can be an economic
contributor later in life, Carter (2011). The United States Census Bureau (2013) conducted a statistical analysis which analyzed the debt for each
states school system finances, and the analysis showed the annual debt for the state of Alabama school system was $5 million dollars by the end of
the fiscal school year. This will continue to increase with budget cuts increasing every year for education across the United States and will be
detrimental to the educational abilities of the school districts to perform at a high level. According to the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, cuts to
educational funding will

The Between Female And Female Adolescents
A.When traveling to the village, I watched the younger villagers participate in recess. I initially realized the strong distinction between the two gender's
interactions. Through the three days in the village, I came to realize that the female adolescents were not permitted to participate in contact sports. In
comparison, the male adolescents were consistently shown participating in soccer, the national sport of Haiti. I would constantly watch the
interactions between the two genders of the adolescents and noticed that they were blatantly distant. The females were shown gossiping on the
playgrounds and playing tag, ignoring the total fact of the males playing soccer very aggressively. On the last two days in the village, Aina and I
attempted to join their game of soccer, but they were hesitant until we supplied an adequate soccer ball for them. Even when they allowed us to join
the game with them, they still were very hesitant to interact with us in relation to passing us the ball. In addition, we also gave the girls a ball to play
with, but they just put it to the side and neglected to use it. It was an overall interesting experience, because even when we moved from playing with
the older adolescents to the younger group, the same distinction was present and the only children playing with us were male.
B.When traveling to the village, there were noticeable differences of the native's culture to the typical American culture. In accordance to my beliefs,
the biggest

The Theory Of Personality Traits
The study of personality is very important in the field of psychology because it aims to provide an account for individuality of human beings (Pervin
and John, 1999). There are many psychological definitions which attempt to explain personality in terms of characteristics or typical qualities of an
individual. Gordon Allport, defined it as "a dynamic organization, inside the person, of psychophysical systems that create the person's characteristic
patterns of behavior, thoughts and feelings' (Allport, 1961, p. 11). Throughout the existence of this idea, psychologists have attempted to find ways to
assess personality, creating different tests and theories, for example the Big Five Model of personality traits. This model, also known as the Five
Factor Model (FFM), included five main personality traits: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. The FFM was
developed by Costa and McCrae (1985; 1989; 1992; 1997), who are argued to be the most distinguished psychologists in the area of personality.
One of the main criticisms of this model is that it isn't universal across all cultures and that it is not the right approach to assessing personality among
different cultures of the world. Culture is very important in the area of psychology and there have been many definitions of it throughout the centuries.
Edward Burnett Tyler (1871/1996), a British anthropologist, is believed to have offered the first definition of culture in his field of study. He

Mike RauserвЂ™s article, вЂњWar on ChristmasвЂќ product of...
Mike Rauser's article, "War on Christmas" product of spoiled attitudes, provides an introduction to help explain the contents learned in this class. His
article has viewpoints that can be demonstrated by the four nodes of religion inquiry, and Ninian Smart's six dimension of religion. His article acts as a
springboard to show our understanding of the course materials.
Rauser used television personals to back up the idea of Christians are the target of persecution in the United States, by relating to how religion is
perceived by both an etic and emic approach. Both Sean Hannity and Jon Stewart are taking the current topic from an outsider viewpoint or an etic
approach, since they are not affiliated with Christianity. They are taking a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The fundamentals would hold on to their view of whether the snake was Satan or now, and would keep it true for years. The liberals would accept new
ideas that emerge and shape their thinking about the snake. Each person is entitled to their thoughts on which the text is telling us.
From Rauser's writing, he expressed passages that pertain to Smart's dimension of ethics. Smart's ethical dimension can be best described as a code
that each person follows that helps benefits not only themselves, but their community too. Some passages were "Do unto others as you would have
them do unto you," (Luke, 6:31), and love you enemies and pray for those who persecute you. These are golden rules to live by as it promotes good
behavior towards others. These ethics can be split down into two categories, virtue and value. Virtue takes on the internal aspect on what the individual
should act; it shows the character of the person. Value takes the external aspect, on how a community of act based on their actions. Both of them are
important as they are the basis of our morals.
During the holiday season, people seem to be more generous and donate to the needy. God's preferential option was always for the poor. Gustavo
Gutierrez explains the definition of poor is someone who has to wait a week before waiting for health care, or someone who does not have any social
or economic weight. He also explains that God

Personal Narrative-Emic Or Etic?
Selwyn, Thanks for your lesson on how to view a situation. Thanks for new words! I too am questioning why the variance in the different
approaches: emic and etic because I would think objectivity would have resulted in similar conclusions. I am forever grateful to my undergrad
freshman course anthropologist professor. He literally terrorized a whole cohort of college freshmen, in fact very few people passed his class and
had to take it over. He would call on people in class (no one volunteered) listen intently to their answer and then literally barked, "where did you get
your data from?" (Dr. Becker used this phrase to rammed precept into teenaged minds: a statement should have sound evidence?) "How can you say
that?" Keep in mind, we were still teenagers, a cohort who learned to regurgitate facts and get excellent grades. So, when he would have asked, "do
you think a paternal or maternal society is better," the class would have rattled out their... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I have some complex health conditions, but because of Dr. Becker, I have been able to critically vet their proposed treatments. The treatments I
declined, have been recalled or banned, the ones I elected to undergo are keeping me alive. (example: morcellator) Historically I never drink or
indulged in recreational drugs. So, when I had my accident, my medical team in Florida gave me a plethora of opioids. But when I noticed, I was
feeling so happy as well as fuzzy. I said to myself, "you are so happy", which is red–flag for a lifelong pessimist. I confronted my doctor. He blamed
me for not knowing the euphoria I was feeling could lead to addiction. I found other ways to manage my pain. {aspirin derived from a natural plant
not mixed with chemicals) Point is: had I not questioned this new world of prescription I too could be wrestling opioid addiction. Now when I need
opioids, I use them very short periods to bring acute episodes under

Research of the Tingunee Essay
Research of the Tingunee
Meghan Shmunes
Cultural Anthropology Professor Pappas June 9 2013
Shmunes 1
After receiving this grant, I cannot wait to go study the people and culture of Tingunee. Before I embark on this journey to the Tingunee of the lower
Quebin river valley though, there are some important things I must make sure I do first. There has been no known visitors to Tingunee or any research
conducted on their culture, so I will need to take extra precaution with the basic stages I need to complete. Upon my return, I will hope to be the first
person to have a basic understanding of the Tingunee culture.
Cultural anthropology is the study of people within a particular culture and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I plan to answer questions about subjects including marriage, local government, gender roles, religion/ religious beliefs; more specifically the role
females play. I will be figuring these questions out by collecting data within the community and to do so properly, I will need to have an emic
approach. An emic approach is how the Tingunee people think, perceive other people, how they behave, and how they imagine and explain things. I
decided to take the emic approach over the etic approach because the etic approach would involve me emphasizing what I think is important about a
culture after interpreting it and because the Tingunee people have not been studied before, I want other people to know their culture and thought
processes without including my opinions. An emic approach will allow me to be a part of the community while taking in information without bias.
After being amerced in the community with my emic approach, I will be able to determine what distinct cultural characteristics separate this culture
from the rest. I plan on interviewing individual people, both male and female, to get different perspectives on everyday life within the tribe and the
roles each individual plays in the community. Being a female myself will have advantages when talking to Shmunes 3 the females of the Tingunee
tribe. I hope to

Emic vs Etic Perspectives in Anthropology

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