Essay First To Fight

Essay First to Fight
First to fight is a book by Lieutenant General Victor H. Krulak. This book talks about the history,
truth, and reputation of the Marine Corps. In the book we would find out more about history dates,
battles, and of people who have helped us with their extraordinary acts while called on duty. At first
it talks about how the Marine Corps struggled to keep their existence, later on the Marines proved to
them that they were way much better in combat and amphibious assaults than any other service. As
Marines we adapt and overcome any situation we are put in. Also the Marine Corps congratulated
themselves on the national security act victory. Now they were allowed to contribute and protect the
country since it was already put in the law. Around ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Men have gone to war in ships and boats or battle canoes since history began. They been able to do
everything, but when coming to a shore where the enemy blocks every way to get in and organized
with a mutual supporting arms, the Marines are the ones to come in. In 1896 proposed that the corps
be organized in 6 battalions The Marines would say back in the day "if only I could see in the dark
and the enemy could not everything would be different", we have breached the cloak of night we
can drop a bomb from an aircraft high in altitude and get very close to the target, it has killed many
enemys and less risks for our Marine pilots. Also the Marine Corps are known to do the job cheaper,
also known to do more work but less pay. The Marines always try to find ways to save money. "For
thee who fights with me this day will be my brother"(Henry the 5) there is an intense devotion to the
Corps. Marines are convinced that being the few and proud we are selected and different. First to
fight is a book where you learn and have respect to your past fellow Marines. Not everybody needs
the Marine Corps but they want the Marine Corps. Because every act that marines have made in the
past its what has helped us build up the Marine Corps. The author of the book was a Marine who
honorably served from 1941 until
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D Day Was The Turning Point Of The Normandy
The Second World War and Normandy
World War II commenced in September 1939. This war impacted the entire world and was fought
between the Allied powers (the United States, Britain, France, Russia, Canada, and later Russia) and
they opposed the Axis powers, namely a coalition led by Nazi Germany including Japan, Bulgaria
and Hungary. This was truly a world war which most countries globally were drawn into and
affected by. This is cited as the largest war to date. The reasons for the war arose from Nazi
Germany's attempt to dominate and control Europe beginning with the invasion of Poland. As a
result the Commonwealth and France declared war on Germany. In 1941 a massive, mainly
amphibious, attack which was termed Operation Overlord was launched. The strategy was to ensure
Normandy beach was secured as this was perceived as the gateway to the rest of Europe. It had
military and psychological significance as Nazi Germany had been aggressively dominating
European territory and it was seen as necessary for his regime to be neutralised. The Allied forces
realised that Nazi Germany needed to be cauterised and occupied so that the war could be won. The
battle at Normandy, also known as "D day" was the turning point of the war because this
spearheaded the liberation of Europe from the facist Nazi invasion. It marked the beginning of the
end of the war. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Source A). His army had proved itself as efficient and well equipped and the freedom on Europe
was at stake. Nazi Germany's attack was on the fabric of democracy and the attack was to "preserve
democracy" (Source N). The attack was a mechanism by which Germany would be occupied.
(Source D) The attack furthermore was designed to prevent Hitler from building up troops which
were in France and posed to attack the Soviet Union. (Source J)This initiated the end of the war in
Europe. (Source

Korean War Research Paper
The involvement of the United State Navy during the Korean War was instrumental to maintaining
the situation going on in Southern Asia. North Korean forces mainly consisted of only ground
troops, so naval and naval aviation operations were needed to deploy, retrieve and resupply troops
along with conducting bombing raids. The path that the Korean War followed allowed for the
United States to gauge how the growing Soviet threat would play out in the years following and
reemphasized the need and importance of a surface fleet in conjunction with the growing power that
was and is nuclear weapons. If it were not for the United Nation's naval forces, the Korean War
would have been a loss and the Cold War may have gone down a different path than ... Show more
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While this was going on, Valley Forge's carrier air power (CAG 5) readied and headed for
Pyongyang, destroying four hangars and a railroad yard before turning back. A second strike from
CAG 5, in hopes of crippling Pyongyang's railroad net, destroyed 15 or more locomotives. The only
setback of this raid was a landing accident from the pairing of newer, post–WWII aircraft with older
carriers, proving costly and causing more damage to their aircraft then enemy fire did

Marine Corps History Essay
Marine Corps History On November 10, 1775, the Continental Congress passed a resolution stating
that "two battalions of Marines be raised" for service as landing forces with the fleet. This
established the Continental Marines and marked the birth of the United States Marine Corps.
Serving on land and at sea, early Marines distinguished themselves in a number of important
operations, including their first amphibious raid on foreign soil in the Bahamas in March 1776,
under the command of the Corps' first commandant, Capt. Samuel Nicholas. The 1783 Treaty of
Paris ended the Revolutionary War and as the last of the Navy's ships were sold, the Continental
Navy and Marines disbanded. Following the formal re–establishment of the Marine Corps ... Show
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At the outbreak of the Korean War, no Marine unit of any size was based or deployed in the Far
East. The Corps' supporting establishment was so small and its tasks for maintaining Marine Corps
bases so extensive that many FMF troops spent more time housekeeping than training. The Marine
Corps share of the federal budget was simply not enough to buy adequate manpower, training, or
new equipment. The main threat to the nation was seen in inflation and unbalanced budgets rather
than in the Soviet armed forces. On the eve of the Korean War, the FMF seemed doomed to fall to
six battalion landing teams and twelve squadrons in 1950. While Marine units were taking part in
the post–war occupation of Japan and North China, studies at Quantico, Va., concentrated on
attaining a "vertical envelopment" capability for the Corps through the use of helicopters. Landing
at Inchon, Korea, in September 1950, Marines proved that the doctrine of amphibious assault was
still viable and necessary. After the recapture of Seoul, the Marines advanced to the Chosin
Reservoir only to see the Chinese Communists enter the war. In March, 1955, after five years of
hard fighting, the last Marine ground forces were withdrawn. More than 25,000 Marines were killed
or wounded during the Korean War. The realities of the Korean War brought major changes in the
basing and

D-Day History
D–DAY June 6th, 1944, allies invaded normandy (western europe) against the nazi party. The battle
lasted till august and had some 156,000 men fighting.(D–Day history.com) D–Day has been the
largest amphibious assault in history, with extensive planning and preparation, american and
canadian forces battled on the coast of normandy, a 50 mile long beach. The beach of normandy was
heavily fortified, for hitler had no idea where forces would attack. A grand total of 2,500 miles of
atlantic wall containing bunkers, landmines, beach, and water obstacles. In the months and weeks
before D–Day, the Allies carried out a massive deception operation intended to make the Germans
think the main invasion target was Pas–de–Calais. (D–Day history.com)

The Pacific Theater Of World War II
The Pacific Theater of World War II ended on September 2, 1945, known as Victory over Japan Day
or V–J Day, less than a month after the United States dropped an atomic bomb Hiroshima. The two
atomic bombs dropped on Japan are widely seen as the events that eventually broke the enemy's will
to resist and caused Japan to surrender; however this outcome could not have taken place without
numerous innovations that took place in the interwar period. Without one of these innovations, it is
likely that the other may not have occurred; the innovations had to line up like the holes in slices of
Swiss cheese. The United States Marine Corps developed doctrine that allowed successful
amphibious operations throughout the Pacific, but ultimately it was the LVT amphibian tractor
(AMTRAC) that won World War II in the Pacific Theater for the Allies by allowing US Marines to
traverse shallow coral reefs–the natural defensive barriers of Pacific islands–to capture islands that
were essential airfields that launched bombers which compelled Japan's surrender. Amphibious
operations are deeply rooted in The United States Marine Corps's heritage and traditions. The
Continental Marine Corps conducted its first amphibious assault against the British fort at New
Providence, Bahamas early in 1776. The Marines, commanded by Captain Samuel Nicholas,
surprised the British garrison when they landed on the beach under a covering naval bombardment
in their first combined land and sea action. Marine

Operation Husky: More Mobile Field Artillery During World...
The Invasion of Sicily There were great strides made in the development for better, more mobile
Field Artillery during World War II. There was a great need for troops behind enemy lines which led
to the use of a new, untested method known as Airborne Artillery. The ability to deploy Artillery
units behind enemy lines changed the battlefield and set the tempo for the remainder of the battle.
Operation Husky was a key campaign in World War II where the Allied Forces took Sicily from the
Axis Powers. The German and Italian forces thought that they had predicted what the Allied Forces
would attempt. The Axis Powers were actually take by surprise. The United States and Great Britain
were the leading Allied Forces during World War II. The Invasion of Sicily was a large scale
amphibious and airborne operation was followed by nearly six weeks of land combat and launched
the Italian Campaign. Field Artillery received recognition for its efficiency on the battlefield as early
as the 18th Century earning the name "King of Battle." In countless conflicts victory on the
battlefield was determined by which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sicily favored the defenses laid by the Italian and German Forces. The plan for Operation Husky
was for three days of airborne insertions by night on a large scale. Throughout the combined
amphibious and air assaults, during the third operation the most casualties by friendly fire occurred
on 11 July. The lack of communication on all levels was a lesson learned even though it was
efficient in the method of occupancy. The dynamic entry of Sicily could not have been more
successful if left to a conventional amphibious assault. The total munitions, teamwork, and
maneuverability were very important. The Italian and German forces were at a complete loss and
unable to counter the offense due to the calculated insertion and spread out

Joint Operational Warfare
According to Milan Vego in, Joint Operational Warfare: Theory and Practice, he defined Operational
Art as, "a component of military art concerned with the theory and practice of planning, preparing,
conducting, and sustaining campaigns and major operations aimed at accomplishing strategic or
operational objectives in a given theater." (p. I–4) Even though I am not in the business of defining
the term Operational Art, I would still suggest amongst all of the various definitions that I have read
this one definition by Vego appears to be practicable and serves its purpose well. For any military
action, there must be planning, sustaining, executing of a mission such that theater objectives are
met. In other words, a belligerents Center of Gravity must be identified through means of military
and policy actions to obtain success.
This paper will explore the concept of technology, eliminating the operational art as one of the
intermediate components to military art with a focus on amphibious assault. It is not well ... Show
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The United Kingdom put its defense under review and decided to reduce the money burden their
Royal Navy put on the British people (White paper, p. A–2). It was considered by their leadership
that smaller platforms of ships like destroyers and frigates could handle littoral combat if needed.
So, the United Kingdom decided to phase out the HMS Intrepid and the HMS Fearless (White
Paper, pp.10–11). This of course didn't work out well because the United Kingdom ended up going
to war with Argentina in 1982. Through insurmountable odds, the United Kingdom's Royal Navy,
was able to piece its navy back together and make ships ready for one of the best maritime
amphibious assaults ever conducted since World War

America's Role In World War II
Early on in World War II it became clear to America that if they were to win, they would need to
conduct many amphibious landings in both the Pacific and Atlantic theaters. Prior to World War II
any amphibious assaults conducted were done so by large row boats to get men ashore or by taking
a deep water port to enable the assaulting troops to unload onto a dock straight from their ship. This
was a slow tedious way of moving troops and supplies ashore, which resulted in many casualties.
When it became clear that America was going to enter the war, a new method of landing men ashore
quickly was going to be needed. A man by the name of Andrew Jackson Higgins answered this
challenge, and in doing so changed amphibious warfare forever (Strahan, 1994). The creation of the
of the LCVP or Higgins boat gave America a key asset in World War II that changed tactics,
strategy, logistics and doctrine. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This was the perfect birthplace for a boat that needed the ability to quickly float over objects and
sandbars to deliver troops to the beaches. Before, the assaulting force had to unload off the side of
their boats into the water and wade their way to the beach, "For most Marines... Rolling over the
side of a boat and wading through the surf was a common experience." (Shaw, 1991). Tactically this
was unsound. The previous landing craft inhibited the ability to get men ashore quickly thus slowing
down the operation. Andrew Higgins' boat design allowed a platoon worth of infantry to be brought
right up to the beach and quickly disembark off the ramp located in the front for a speedy assault on
the beaches. This change in technology enabled the tactics of amphibious landings to change. "The
Higgins boats broke the gridlock on the ship–to–shore movement. It is impossible to overstate the
tactical advantages this craft gave U.S. amphibious commanders in World War II." (Whaley,

Operation Overlord: Codename For D-Day
Operation overlord was the codename for D–day, the attack on German occupied Normandy,
France. The Americans, British, and Canadians were preparing to storm the beaches of Normandy
with planes, ships, tanks, and landing craft with around three million troops. Most of the infantry got
to shore in small boats holding 10 – 20 men. The Germans used machine guns, rockets, and
cannons. The allies were continuously sprayed by the gunfire of the Germans while they made their
way inland. The majority of deaths occurred when soldiers first arrived on the beaches. There was
no cover or protection for the initial soldiers so they made up many of the deaths. Around 2700
Americans were confirmed dead while many more were unconfirmed casualties. The allies

Analysis Of Walcheren, A Small Dutch Island At The Western...
Walcheren, a small Dutch island at the Western end of the Beveland Peninsula was the setting for
one of the most underrated but critical engagements of the second world war. The summer of 1944
had saw a series of almost unprecedented successes by allied forces in northwestern Europe. The
Normandy landings in June had been followed by the breakout from the beachhead and an advance
of some 300 miles eastward across France to the low countries. By early October the tempo of
operations had slackened. The attempt in September to jump the lower Rhine at Arnhem (Op
MARKET GARDEN) with airborne troops had failed. It looked as if the battlefront would remain
west of the Rhine for the winter and that the war would last well into 1945.
The key to the supply problems was the port of Antwerp, captured with its dock facilities only
slightly damaged in September 1944. It was 50 miles from the sea and could not be used by the
allied shipping until the heavily mined Scheldt estuary had been made safe, but the Allied eyes were
on the Rhine crossings at Arnhem, not the lower Scheldt. By mid October the allies held most of the
mainland forming the southern bank of the estuary, but the Germans still held the island of
Walcheren, which guarded the port entrance. It was a matter of urgency for the allies to use Antwerp
as the supply problem threatened the to curtail the allied plan of prosecuting the war on a wide front.
As winter weather might be expected to start anytime, the decision was

Tragedy At Dieppe Case Study
Tragedy at Dieppe Operation Jubilee is not discussed as a raid, rather as a slaughter. On August 19th
1942 Canada experienced one of its darkest days in military history, losing many of her sons on the
northern coast of France. There have been a multitude of reasons offered for the execution of the
raid on Dieppe, attempting to justify the monumental defeat. Some of these reasons include;
political pressure from Stalin to open up a second front in order to divert German focus away from
the east, to serve as a mission to gather intelligence for the invasion of Normandy, and to test allied
troops ability to capture a major port, destroy strategic objectives, and potentially facilitate the
further invasion of France. Despite the 70 year uncertainty ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Lieutenant General Bernard Law Montgomery called for a full frontal assault, knowing full well
that there would be no preliminary bombings and less than full support from the RAF and RN. The
attacks were made on six beaches, four directly on the town (yellow, blue, white and red) and to
flanking attacks on beaches green and orange. Despite the overwhelming failure of the raid, a
commando unit led a successful mission in destroying a radar station. The frontal assault was met by
fierce fire from German entrenchments, cutting down many men just as they stepped off the landing
craft, victory was obsolete. Calgary Regiment (tanks) was sent in support of the ground troops,
having proven effective in the training exercises Yukon 1 and 2, tanks arrived via landing crafts to
the beaches of Dieppe. With a lack of intelligence concerning the topography of the beach, they
were meet with a large–rocked beach that was not suitable for their tracks, halting the majority of
them, rendering them ineffective to support the advance of the soldiers. Having not done much
training in retreating under fire, many men did not make leaving them stranded them to meet their
fate on the beaches? Those of the troops and tanks that did make it inland were met with

Silver Ships Case Study Essay
Memorandum
Date: To: From: Subject:
April 22, 2011 Esteemed GBA490 Students Your Benevolent Professors 4–Hour Case
As a new hire of Silver Ships, you have been asked to prepare an industry and company analysis for
Mr. Mike McCarty, owner of Silver Ships. Your report should also provide specific
recommendations with brilliant justifications based on your industry and competitive analysis.
Rev. Confirming Pages g
Silver Ships' Strategy in the Military and Workboat Industry
CASE 14
David L. Turnipseed
University of South Alabama s Mike McCarty walked through the Silver Ships shipyard monitoring
the production of several aluminum hull boats in various stages of production, he began to think
"What now?" He had seen his ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, shortly after McCarty completed of his new fishing boat, states along the Gulf of Mexico
banned purse seining. McCarty's career seemed over. However, the end of his fishing career led to
the development of his third career. Other fishermen who had seen McCarty's purse seining boat and
had been impressed with its fine construction approached him to build strong, highperformance
vessels to fit their unique needs. The demand for his boats continued to increase and, in 1985,
McCarty founded Silver Ships, named after the color of the aluminum used in the boats'
construction. The company progressively outgrew three different rental locations and, in 1996,
moved to its present Theodore, Alabama, location. McCarty renamed his obsolete purse seining
boat Run Aground and used it for the sign for his new facility. A summary of company milestones is
presented in Exhibit 4.
SILVER SHIPS ACQUIRES AMBAR MARINE
Ambar Marine Inc., a New Orleans–based shipbuilder producing aluminum boats, began searching
in the late 1980s for a subcontractor to build its "survival of life at sea" (SOLAS) boat, a rescue boat

for ships and oil platforms. Ambar approached McCarty at a New Orleans workboat show and
proposed that Silver Ships build boats for it. After a visit from the Ambar executives to Silver Ships'
original, humble facility, Ambar decided that McCarty's facility was not what they wanted to show
their customers. Several

Essay on Book Review First to Fight
First to Fight by Lieutenant General Victor H. Krulak is where the history, reputation, and truth
about the United States Marine Corps meet. Within this 252–page book you will find a combination
of historical fact, interesting background, and personal recollection from one of the men who helped
shape what the Marines are today. The book is organized in seven different sections, each explaining
a different facet of the Marine Corps. The first section explains in detail the struggle of the Marine
Corps to survive as an entity over its long history. General Krulak explains how the Marine Corps
had to fight for its current status as an equal organization with the Army, Navy, and Air Force. Even
a series of Presidents were among those who tried ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Parts five and six bring together the personal and professional relationship between Marines
themselves and the American public. These relationships, forged by the millions of men and women
who have donned the Marine Corps uniform, are a result of training methods and careful selection.
General Krulak gives the reader a taste of why Marines do what they have come to be known as
America's force in readiness. First to Fight has many good traits. The book, while easy to read and
addictively interesting, never sugarcoats the intense conflicts between high level officials. General
Krulak enhances the "official" record with personal accounts of events and people now legendary.
His no–holds–barred approach to his writing makes General Krulak's book both honest and
educational. His explanations of the struggle to keep the Marine Corps alive and the early
development of amphibious doctrine make First to Fight a must–read for anyone interested in
understanding the modern Marine Corps. In parts of the book, General Krulak provides a mountain
of detail. While these facts would be of great historical value for a reader who knows military
structure and nomenclature, they tend to bog down the reader at points. The political volleys also
tend to get tedious when the General describes the how the Marine Corps had to fight tooth and nail
for institutional survival. These

83d Chemical Mortar Battalion Essay
83d Chemical Mortar Battalion during WWII The 83d Chemical Mortal Battalion was a major asset
During World War II. They consistently and effectively supported infantry divisions, armored
divisions, and airborne divisions by delivering high explosive smoke munitions. They participated
in over 5 campaigns while fighting on two separate continents to include amphibious and glider
assaults. The unit activated on the 10th of June 1942 at Camp Gordon, GA, the 83d consisted of A,
B, C, D Company as well as a Headquarters Company. At the end of their tour the 83d Chemical
Battalion was deactivated on 26th of November 1945 at Camp Myles Standish, MA. The Sicilian
Campaign The 83d Chemical Mortar Battalion's training was instrumental in making them an asset
in numerous campaigns during WWII. The unit's tour began with the Sicilian Campaign. Sicily was
thought to be uninvadable do to its heavy defenses. The island of Sicily was defended by 10
different divisions and 3 Panzer enemy units. This called for a strategic plan of attack by the
American and British forces. The plan was to split the Island in half with the British driving up the
eastern coast as the American forces took the south central coast. Gela was highly defended since it
was considered to be the most strategic spot on the island and became the ... Show more content on
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Those became the hardest days of fighting for the 83d. A Co. sustained a smoke screen for 16 hours
to give the Ranger and the 83d time to haul the heavy mortars up a steep mountain and torturous
trails in order to have an advantage during an attack. Surprisingly the maneuver worked as the
Rangers gained control of the city during a night attack. The Bn was the attached to 82 Airborne
Div. as they advanced through Agrigento then attached to the 45th Div. B and C supported 179th
Inf., while the executed an amphibious assault on Cape

USS NEW YORK
USS NEW YORK
Where were you on September 11, 2001? In order for senior leaders to pave the way for their
juniors, they need to have a full understanding of historical data, mission capabilities and what that
means to be a service member. This paper discusses the history, mission, and the symbolism of the
USS NEW YORK.
History
There have been five ships named after the state of New York. The first was a gondola built on Lake
Champlain in 1776. The second, commissioned in 1800, was a 36–gun frigate used to fight against
the Barbary Pirates. The people of New York funded her construction. The third was an armored
cruiser built in 1890. She served as the North Atlantic Squadron flagship during the Spanish–
American War. The forth was a battleship; BB 34 was in service from 1914–1946 serving in both
World War I and II. Most recently, the fifth ship with the namesake, USS NEW YORK,
commissioned in New York City on November 7, 2009. She is the fifth in the San Antonio class of
amphibious transport docks, LPD's (XXXXX, n.d.; XXXXXXXX, n.d.). Now that the foundation of
history is known, her current ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As an LPD, her mission is to embark, transport, and land Marines and their equipment for a
multitude of warfare missions. Her well deck can contain either two landing craft air cushions
(LCAC's) or one landing craft utility (LCU), and 14 amphibious assault vehicles (AAV's). When
deployed, she will be part of an amphibious readiness group (ARG) where she serves as an
additional aviation platform. She has the capacity to land and launch two CH53 Super Stallion's, or
two MV–22 Ospreys, or up to four Ch–46 Sea Knights. The LPD has a hangar that can house up to
two aircraft. The USS NEW YORK has a crew of 360 Sailors and 3 Marines with an embarked
surge capacity of up to an additional 800 people. The USS NEW YORK is currently homeported in
Mayport,

THE BATTLE OF GUADALCANAL Essay
Introduction The Battle of Guadalcanal was a very important battleground that ended the Japanese
ground advancement in the Pacific area of operations. Also, after they were defeated and removed
from the island it showed that they were not an unstoppable foe that resulted in boasting the
confidence of the United States and its allies. The amphibious assault that occurred on Guadalcanal
was the first amphibious counteroffensive for the United States after the attacks on Pearl Harbor.
The Japanese were attempting to build an airfield on the island and gain a foothold that would help
to protect their flanks as they continued their offensive campaign through the Pacific. Having an
established foothold on Guadalcanal would also give the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
It was also believed that if the Japanese were able to complete this airfield that it would be too
advantageous for them and would also aid in invading Port Moresby on the Western coast of New
Guinea.
Planning and Preparation In the initial planning there were many debates on who would command
the assault on Guadalcanal. General Douglas MacArthur was the Commander of the Southwest
Pacific Forces and was originally thought of to command the assault. However the Navy expressed
numerous concerns that MacArthur would possibly leave their carriers exposed and the result placed
Admiral Chester Nimitz as the overall Commander. The mission was tasked to the 1st marine
division out of North Carolina that was commanded by Major General Alexander Vandegrift.
General Vandegrift received his orders to perform the amphibious assault on Guadalcanal on the
25th of June 1942. Immediately General Vandegrift realized many problems he would have to
overcome. Originally he had not planned on deploying his unit into combat until the beginning of
1943. His unit was newly formed and spread between three different locations. To make matters
worse the majority of his men had little to no combat experience. The majority of the equipment
they possessed was

Scuba Technology Has Made A Tremendous Difference
SCUBA technology has come a long way since its primitive beginnings. From the days of when
Alexander the Great ruled ancient Greece, to the current combat divers in modern military's around
the world, SCUBA technology has dramatically increased the effectiveness and capabilities of any
maritime force. Focusing on tactical applications, the development of new and improved units, as
well as looking at how training has developed over the years, we can see how SCUBA technology
has had such a significant and positive impact on the effectiveness of maritime warfare. To start,
SCUBA technology has made a tremendous difference on how the U.S. Military tactically employs
its soldiers, sailors, airmen and marines in combat and in peacetime situations. The tactical
applications used by the U.S. Military have developed since the inception of the first underwater
divers during the middle of the nineteenth century. Back then, U.S. Navy Divers were limited
mainly to salvage and repair of ships, construction work, and some minor military operations in
their field of work. In today's world, U.S. Navy Divers are expected to "perform diving salvage
operations, participate in various construction and demolition projects, execute search and rescue
missions, support military and civilian law enforcement, serve as technical experts for numerous
special operations units, provide security, communications, and other logistics during expeditionary
warfare missions in the Navy. (Become a Navy Diver)"

Incheon Landing: Pivotal Point In The Korean War
Incheon Landing: Pivotal Point in the Korean War
MIDN 3/C Michael Yi
Northwestern University
LT Phillip Dunsford, USN
Professor of Naval Science Contact Information
CAPT Brian Koehr
Commanding Officer
Northwestern University NROTC
Incheon Landing: Pivotal Point in the Korean War
Table of Contents
Introduction 3
Overview 3
Korean War 3
United States Navy 4
Incheon Landing 5
Landing Site: Kunsan Vs. Incheon 5
Operation Chromite 8
Aftermath 9
Kimpo Airfield 9
Pusan Perimeter Breakout 9
Lessons Learned 10
Bibliography 13
Introduction The Incheon Landing during the Korean War was one of the most memorable
amphibious landings in military history. This aggressive "pincer" operation, planned and executed ...
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troops and 260 naval vessels, began executing Operation Chromite by landing on the beaches of
Incheon.3 The first phase, which landed at "Green Beach", successfully secured the strategic
position of Wolmi–do, which allowed for the landing of the main assault at "Red Beach" by the 5th
Marine Regiment Combat Team and "Blue Beach" by the 1st Marine Regiment.8 Despite several
encounters with North Korean forces, the main assault resulted in the taking of the port, which

enabled a South Korean marine regiment to land and secure the city of Incheon. By the end of the
fighting, the U.N. had 566 casualties and 2,173 wounded while the North Korean forces suffered at
least 35,000 killed and

Operation Overlord
The Second World War put two major sides against one another, the Axis and the Allies. These two
groups of nations in alliances with one another fought for control over Europe, with Germany and
its allies quickly gaining the upper hand. Soon, the Axis powers had conquered most of Europe,
including the entirety France, and were focusing all their effort on Russia in the East. With the
Germans gaining ground as the Russian forces weakened, the Allies needed to create a two front
war to prevent the fall of Russia. There was then a turning point as the United States entered the war
on the side of the Allies, beginning the end of Axis domination in Europe. The first major goal of
the Allies was regaining control of Western Europe, which came on ... Show more content on
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The most notable of the practice assaults was named "Exercise Tiger," also called Operation Tiger,
which took place on April 27, 1944. The troops were in full combat gear, with live ammunition in
use to stimulate the most realistic situation of the invasion itself. The practice assault took place on
Slapton Sands in England because of the similarity it has to Utah Beach, which would be invaded as
a part of Operation Overlord. The local residents even evacuated the area, creating an even more
realistic situation and lowering any chance of civilian casualty. Although there were many
precautions taken to lower the number of deaths, it was inevitable since real ammunition and
vehicles were being used. Along with these natural deaths, there was also a major tragedy as four
German E–boats opened fire on the LSTs used during the practice. There was mass confusion as the
Allies were not prepared for the attack in any way. The soldiers were also improperly trained in the
event in such an event, since the soldiers buckled their flotation devices onto their belts instead of
up under their shoulders. This was a problem, since their heavy gear caused them to be top heavy,
which caused many of them to drown feet up. There were also communication errors that prevented
the Allies to be able to successively evade the attack, or even form a counter–attack. This was
because the ships that were part of the exercise were on a different radio frequency from the other
groups, which prevented the ships from receiving the warning required to evade the attack.
However, this brought a harsh reality to the Allies, as they were able to see the problems that might
arise during Operation Overlord itself. This meant that a standard radio frequency was introduced
during the invasion and all soldiers were taught

Naval Battle Of Port Royal
The Naval Battle of Port Royal was fought on November 3rd–7th 1861. Port Royal was a
Confederate city on the South Carolina coast. It was defended by 2 forts at the entrance to its harbor
named Fort Walker and Fort Beauregard. On November 3rd the attack under Union naval officer Du
Pont led a navy attack of 14 warships, 26 supply ships, 25 transports for 12,000 troops, and the
flagship The Wabash. The Confederates also had some small ships to defend the harbor including a
converted tugboat which each had about 2 to 3 guns each.The Union engaged the confederate ships
and easily defeated them. The warships bombarded the two forts until Du Pont received word that
Fort Walker had been abandoned. Shortly after Fort Beauregard was abandoned and the

Battle The Way The Amphibious Attack At Inchon Affected...
Few battles have affected the course of battle the way the amphibious attack at Inchon affected the
Korean War. The United Nations were on the cusp of losing the war to the North Koreans. General
MacArthur knew that in order to turn the tides of war, he had to take the initiative from the enemy
using an unpredictable maneuver. High reward, however, also meant high risk. Many senior leaders
worried that the battle was too risky. The terrain was near impossible to overcome and the United
Nations forces couldn't afford to move large amounts of troops from the Pusan perimeter. North
Korea felt the same way; the United Nations would be foolish to attempt an attack at Inchon.
General MacArthur was counting on this. General MacArthur knew North ... Show more content on
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The loss would have been a catastrophic demoralizing failure for the United Nations.
Following World War II, the Korean Peninsula was dived into two parts, North Korea and South
Korea. With permission from Russia and verbal support from China, North Korea invaded South
Korea in June 1950 (Appleman, 1961). With more numbers and better equipment, North Korea
quickly took the South Korean capital, Seoul, and pushed the South Korean forces down to Pusan,
the last major city on the south coast. The situation was desperate for the United Nations forces that
had been sent to support the South Koreans. General MacArthur, commander of the United Nations
forces, recognized that a surprising and decisive amphibious assault would be crucial to retaking the
capital city and turning the war around. He did not initially receive much support for his plans due
to the risk involved. The concern was that the forces would be spread too thin, the amphibious
attack would fail, and there would not be enough forces left at Pusan to maintain the perimeter.
MacArthur initially had to postpone his plans because he realized the validity of this assessment.
However, he was readying an additional force in Japan and asked his staff to begin planning for an
amphibious assault. MacArthur's staff drew up plans with three possible locations: Inchon, Kunsan,
and Chumunjin. MacArthur favored Inchon over the other locations due to its proximity to

Fidel Castro's Conspiracy
After Fidel Castro overthrew Cuban strongman Fulgencio Batista, expropriated American economic
assets and developed links with the Soviet Union, President Eisenhower authorized the CIA in
March 1960 to develop a plan to overthrow Castro. The agency trained and armed Cuban exiles to
carry out the attack. Shortly after his inauguration, John F. Kennedy learned of the invasion plan,
concluded that Fidel Castro was a Soviet client posing a threat to all of Latin America and, after
consultations with his advisers, gave his consent in February 1961 for the CIA–planned amphibious
assault.
Launched from Guatemala on April 17, 1961, the invasion force of 1,400 Cuban exiles known as
Brigade 2506 landed at the beaches along the Bay of Pigs on the south

Aircraft Carriers Research Paper
Aircraft carriers are essentially the backbone of the United States Navy as they are a hybrid warship
with the unique ability to provide the greatest projection of power through the aircraft launched off
of their 4.5 acre flight decks. Beyond their vital aircraft launching capabilities, they support the
largest number of crew members over any other class of ship making them a powerhouse for almost
any mission type designated to them. With the aircraft carrier holding the title of being the flagship
and most valued asset of the United States Navy also comes the accompanying hefty price tag of
production and running costs. All that the aircraft carriers offer may also be their demise as they
slowly become too expensive to maintain and consequently ... Show more content on
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6). Although the carriers have adequately carried out their missions during their decades of service,
constant repairs are signaling the end of their lifespan. Furthermore, significant advancements in
technology have necessitated a successor class. The flagship for the new Ford class, the USS Gerald
R. Ford, comes with a hefty price tag of $13.5 billion (Hendrix, At What Cost a Carrier? 6). For the
price, the Ford class carriers come with an improved aircraft launch system which increases its
potential sortie rate to 160 a day, which translates to a "33 percent increase in launch capacity" from
its predecessor (Hendrix, At What Cost a Carrier? 6). An aircraft carrier is only as effective as its air
wing. Therefore the potential sortie number for a carrier versus its cost can accurately be used to
determine the effectiveness of the carrier. When comparing the Ford class to the Nimitz class,
Hendrix argues that "the nation is paying nearly 94 percent more for a carrier that can only do 33
percent more work" (At What Cost a Carrier? 6). Although some members of the Navy believe the
increase in the output of the new Ford class carriers to be significant enough to justify the increase
in cost. This is reflected in their willingness to have the

The Army And Marine Corps
Sun Tzu's military acumen resonates in the current discussion of the Marine Corps' preparedness to
conduct forcible entry. The Army and Marine Corps saw significant successes utilizing forcible
entry and amphibious operations in the Pacific during WWII and the Korean War. The landing at
Inchon was "arguably the Corps' greatest amphibious success" (Cancian, "Preserving Amphibious
Capabilities in a Time of Austerity, 2012). Led by General MacArthur, Inchon remains the legacy by
which future amphibious operations are compared against. However, it is important to recognize
that in the past 60+ years since Inchon, the modern militarization of both state and non–state
adversaries has transformed the battlespace to utilize warfare across multiple domains. This
transformation requires a forthright Sun Tzu–like comparison of Marine Corps capabilities, and the
perspicacity to recognize that our current posture along with a traditional approach to amphibious
warfare is no longer effective at countering our enemies. Given the challenges that exist across the
domains of military operations, this paper will demonstrate how based on the current concepts and
amphibious capabilities, the U.S. Marine Corps is less prepared to conduct forcible entry operations
than we were during the landing at Inchon, and subsequent liberation of Seoul. The transformation
in military thought towards employment of forces across multi–domain operations battlespace is
based on the current threats

U.s. Military 's Security
The 21st century came accompanied by different worldwide security's challenges. In this complex
environment the U.S. must be able to use efficiently all instruments of power to defend the national
interests. Now than ever the U.S. military power must be prepared to defeat the enemy using air,
land, and sea. Thus, the transition of troops from the sea to the shore will remain an essential way to
achieve a position of advantage over the forces hostile to U.S. interests. Frequent concerns of other
countries related to improvement of anti–amphibious and amphibious operations highlight the
importance of these kind of warfare in the future conflicts. Today's concern is not about the
possession of amphibious capabilities, but about the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Finally, the Marines Corps effort to improve amphibious capabilities instead to be seen as a way to
develop the U.S. ability to project power, it is seen as another method to preserve the service 's
relevance.
At the same time, the request of American citizens for "zero casualties" is playing its separate role in
the detriment of amphibious warfare. The history of 20th century showed that amphibious assault is
typically a very difficult and risky operation, it is governed by a violent character that bring a high
casualties rate. Moreover, in our day, when achievement of surprise during landing is almost
impossible due to enemy 's intelligence capabilities, and when enemy has sophisticated weapon
systems, to go ashore became much more dangerous. The fear of commanders for potential
personnel and equipment loses conditions the exclusion of amphibious operations from the list of
preferable options.
Another factor that has affected the development of amphibious operations is the reduction of
defense budget. The Marine Corps along with other services has managed the reduction in funding
by cutting capacities. Many procurement programs, capabilities, and force structures were under
severe examination. The fiscally restrained environment associated with the questioned relevance of
amphibious operations hit severely amphibious forces that are

Joint Force
The United States, throughout the course of its history, has attempted to steady the dynamic global
climate in eras of strategic change. Examples of this abound: post–World War I, the post–Vietnam
Cold War, and even the current post–long war environment. However, it is arguable that no era of
strategic change was more critical to the development of contemporary international security than
the interwar period between World War II's end and the rapid communist advance across the 38th
parallel that initiated the Korean War. Yet similarities exist with our current age, and one would be
remiss to discount the invaluable experiences garnered during such a transformative period in global
history. Comparatively, and based on current concepts and amphibious ... Show more content on
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This propagation greatly enhances the Joint Force's warfighting capability by enhancing the
likelihood that a coalition partner will have trained with a United States' amphibious force or at a
minimum is familiar with joint amphibious doctrine. The Joint Force correspondingly has expanded
its amphibious horizons beyond the simple and established ARG/MEU. Rehearsals for forcible entry
operations currently exist within all three Marine Expeditionary Forces (MEF) at the Marine
Expeditionary Brigade (MEB) level. These exercises, such as DAWN BLITZ, BOLD ALLIGATOR,
and SSANG YONG, effectively always executed in multi–lateral fashion, increase the amphibious
capability sets of the blue / green team while also redoubling a spirit of interoperability between the
United States and its partner nation's forces. The magnitude of such exercises is, of course,
conspicuous since history has displayed that the United States will likely not execute a forcible
entry

Conduct Forcible Entry Operations During The Korean War Essay
The current amphibious concepts and capabilities of the US ensure that we are better prepared to
conduct forcible entry operations than we were during the landing at Inchon, and subsequent
liberation of Seoul. Amphibious concepts, such as seabasing, amphibious command and control
(C2), and the Expeditionary Strike Group (ESG) allow forces to project power across domains.
Proof of concept exercises like Bold Alligator continue to refine our amphibious capability to
provide flexible, scalable, responsive forces that can conduct a multitude of missions. Inchon,
during the Korean War, highlights the benefit of maneuver warfare and joint operations. However,
security operations, intelligence, and speed were deficient during Operation CHROMITE. World
War II demonstrated a lack of preparedness to conduct amphibious operations in the Pacific by the
US and Great Britain. The Pacific Campaign and Inchon prove the need to maintain a professional
amphibious force and the importance of concepts like seabasing, C2, and the ESG in amphibious
operations. Applying the concepts of seabasing, C2, and the ESG in joint exercises with platforms
such as Maritime Prepositioning Force, multipurpose amphibious assault ships (LHD), Landing
Craft Air Cushion (LCAC), AV–8B Vertical/Short Take–Off and Landing (VSTOL) jets, and MV–
22 tilt rotor aircraft ensure that we are better prepared to conduct forcible entry operations than we
were during the landing at Inchon, and subsequent liberation of Seoul.

The Marine Corps And Amphibious Warfare
According to the 2010 Quadrennial Defense Review, "it is often highlighted the US Marine Corps
has not conducted an amphibious assault since the Korean War, although technically this is not true.
The Marine Corps has conducted 4 amphibious assaults in just the last 2 decades." (Emphasis
added) Lt. General George Flynn argues that "in the past twenty years U.S. amphibious forces have
responded to crises least one hundred and four times. These operations represent a crisis response
rate more than double that of the Cold War." (Emphasis added) In order to continue, however, the
question posed must differentiate between amphibious operations and amphibious warfare because
they are not one in the same. From an economic perspective, spending billions of dollars for a
military capability utilized four times in two decades seems imprudent at best, asinine at worst. An
amphibious operation is defined by the Navy as "a military operation launched from the sea by an
amphibious force, embarked in ships or craft with the primary purpose of introducing a landing
force ashore to accomplish the assigned mission" while amphibious warfare is defined as "a type of
offensive military operation that today uses naval ships to project ground and air power onto a
hostile or potentially hostile shore at a designated landing beach." (Emphasis added) For the purpose
of this paper, the assumption will remain that amphibious warfare is the idea contested by its critics.
The last true offensive

Operation Chromite
On 15 September 1950, Operation CHROMITE became one of the hallmark examples of
amphibious warfare in history. In August during the Korean War, North Korean forces had egun
their attacks on the Pusan Perimeter. Although the South Korean forces, along with U.N. forces,
were holding the line at the Pusan perimeter, North Korea was determined to break through. As a
last ditch effort by North Korea, they were able to push South Korean forces back. To turn the tide,
US forces needed to get in behind enemy lines, secure Kimp'o Airfield and rapidly advance to
regain control of the Seoul city. This was endeavor was accomplished through the application of an
amphibious assault at Inchon. General MacArthur is credited for this tactical decision at a time
when amphibious warfare was considered obsolete, US military force reduction, and budget cuts.
Compared to the past, amphibious operations has become a more than just an application to insert a
force, it has become a means to shape a battlespace for multiple mission sets.
Amphibious operations are now designed and equipped to operate from the air, sea and land.
Movement of combat forces from the sea to the shore is executed by an Amphibious Task Force
(ATF) organized and formed by the Navy. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Modern times demand for adaption to an ever changing environment and has resulted in the mission
scope to increase for a rapid response to countries requiring humanitarian aid, non–combatant
evacuations, and quick response RAIDs in remote locations. The current organization of Marine
Expeditionary Units (MEU), new contracts for Maritime Prepositioning Ship (MPS), precision
weapons, improved surface assault crafts, and increase capabilities for over the horizon
communications has expanded amphibious operations far more than what was thought in the

Marine Amphibious Warfare During World War II
Marine Amphibious Warfare How did the actions in a particular theater of your choice during World
War II represent a continuum of development from either an earlier war or represent a radical
departure from the same? From the shores of Tripoli to beaches of Kuwait the innovation and design
of the amphibious landing craft(LCPL) has crossed many thresholds occupied by enemies that
deemed it formidable by any attempt to utilize as an entry point of invading forces. However,
Americans have never taken the road most traveled in means of warfare. America has been seen as a
weaker nation since conception of her militarily existence. Yet America has proven time and time
again, there is very little tolerance for atrocities committed towards the ... Show more content on
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The (LCPL) used solely by the Marines in the Guadalcanal operation was of poorly design. The sole
purpose of the LCPL craft design was to enhance the operation of deploying ground troops and
equipment in a combat zone amphibiously in shallow water with sandy bottoms and minimal hard
surfaces like rock and coral. It was not designed to with stand rough seas or volcanic coral rock of
the Pacific waters. The LCPL exposed troops to small arms gun fire, since the main extraction was
to climb over the side of the boat. Thus, improvements were in order to win the war both in the
Pacific and the European theater. Though the new and improved LCPL was used at D–day had a
ramp opening from the front allowing equipment and men to exit with more cover than its
predecessor used in the Guadalcanal amphibious assault. Some of the main issues remained such as
rough seas were still and issue. Sadly, many a men did not make it to the shores but were lost at sea.
However,

Admiral William F. Halsey
"Before we're through with them, the Japanese language will be spoken only in Hell," explained
Admiral William F. Halsey in response to seeing the damage inflicted upon Pearl Harbor by the
Japanese. The United States entered World War II in December 1941 bearing a hostile attitude
towards the Japanese and immediately focused forces in stopping Japan's aggressive Pacific
expansion. In pursuing power of the Pacific, the United States secured crucial victories at the Battle
of Midway and Guadalcanal. As the United States sought control of the Marshall Islands to advance
forces on Japan, the Gilbert Islands stood as the avenue of success in the Central Pacific Campaign.
Operation Galvanic arose as the plan to take these islands, which ... Show more content on
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Colonel Joseph H. Alexander, in his book Utmost Savagery describes he battle of Tarawa as a
gruesome seventy–six hour battle, "which took the lives of six thousand human beings in a space of
three hundred acres – the identical size occupied by the Pentagon building and its parking lots." The
battle began in the early morning of November 20, 1943, as the United States Invasion fleet lay off
the coast of Betio, the island projected to attack among the Tarawa Atoll. There were 18,000
marines sent to the attack on Tarawa and this seemed to be a more than sufficient number to easily
secure the island. The United States forces encountered many problems though as they started
storming the island on November 20. As the U.S. landing crafts attempted to invade the beaches of
Betio, the tides were too low for a number of the heavier boats to freely navigate to shore. On the
morning of the attack, the tide level never reached the four feet above the reef that was necessary to
allow landing craft to land properly. Instead, the tide rose to at most one foot above the reef. The
reefs that surrounded the island were now acting as another defense force for the Japanese and the
American forces were significantly slowed in their attack. Many heavier landing crafts were only
able to deliver Marines within

How Do We Shape Warfare?
Is the study of amphibious warfare best seen as a subset of naval history? Or should it be an area of
study unto itself that actually intersects the history of warfare at sea, on land, and most recently in
the air? Why or why not?
The discussion of amphibious warfare and its primacy in military history is rather ambiguous in the
sense that the study of amphibious warfare is incongruous with the traditional scholarship of naval
and land warfare. While the use of amphibious tactics dates back through human history to the
advent of naval warfare upon the world's oceans, coastlines, bays, rivers, lakes, estuaries, and deltas,
the assertion of amphibious warfare as a distinct subject of study has been a matter of debate within
the overarching discipline of military history. Regarding amphibious warfare, merely defining it has
been pragmatic. Theodore L. Gatchel, in his book, At ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Trim and Mark Charles Fissel argue that there is no simple answer to the question, "What is
'Amphibious Warfare'?" instead asserting that amphibious warfare is inherently inexact and
susceptible to different interpretations as amphibious warfare can take a multitude of forms.2
Notably, Joint Publication 3–02: Amphibious Operations dated 18 July 2014 identifies five types of
amphibious operations: Amphibious Raid, Amphibious Demonstration, Amphibious Assault,

Naval Air Ground Task Force
On July 1, 1946 the first atomic bomb test since the end of World War II occurred over the island of
Bikini Atoll. Lieutenant General Roy S. Geiger, United States Marine Corps observed the test and
recognized that atomic bombs could render amphibious assaults useless due to the dense
concentration of troops, ships, and supplies at the beachheads. To reduce the possibility of nuclear
bombs being used to combat amphibious assaults, dispersion would be crucial; however, this would
lead to a slower consolidation of forces ashore. New ways to achieve dispersion without sacrificing
speed were studied and the helicopter was deemed the most applicable to the future of amphibious
operations. On December 1, 1947 Marine Helicopter Squadron One ... Show more content on
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Marine Helicopter Squadron One and Marine Corps schools developed Amphibious Operations–
Employment of helicopters (Tentative) or Phib–31 which was the first manual for helicopter
operations. In 1948, HMX–1 received its first helicopters: the Sikorsky HO3S–1 and the Piasecki
HRP–1. The four seated HO3S–1 was a modified version of the Sikorsky S–51and was used for
utility and training while the HRP–1 was used for trial and experimental purposes. Regrettably for
HMX–1, it was not until 1955 that it received its first Sikorsky HR2S which was a helicopter
capable of lifting heavy loads (by 1950s standards). The HR2S was crucial to the amphibious
doctrine because it had a greater lifting capacity than its earlier predecessors. HMX–1's secondary
mission was to test observation helicopters for identifying enemy movement and the use of gunfire.
For this mission, HMX–1 was given a small HTL–2 which is a small militarized version of the Bell
47D. The Marine Corps hopped on the opportunity for this mission and rapidly established an
innovative reputation for its use of combat helicopters. Helicopters were largely used only as
medevacs in the Korean War. In the years ensuing the Korean War, General Alexander Vandegrift,
the 18th Commandant of the Marine Corps summoned a board that became known as the
Hogaboom Board. The Hogaboom Board was named after Major General Robert E. Hogaboom who
was chairman of the board. The

The North Africa Conflict
While analyzing the North Africa conflict, a combination of service capabilities would be required
to achieve the desired end state of deterring and if necessary, the defeat of Algerian guerilla
aggression to prevent regional and global destabilization. Taking into account the current military
landscape that exists today, a joint task force (JTF) would be the ideal military response of the
United States and collation partner's while utilizing the regional military assets. Intelligence
suggests guerilla forces are capable of a full scale offensive into Morocco in less than 36 hour
notice, bringing the factors of time, force and space into consideration. The United States Air Force
controls and operates numerous satellites for global positioning, missile warning, communication
and meteorological purposes along with reconnaissance aircraft. Through a combination of satellite
imagery and reconnaissance aircraft, identifying and collecting intelligence on guerilla military
targets and movements would be the first objective in the conflict. Once targets are identified,
bombing campaigns could commence from regional Air force bases in the Area of Operations (AO),
softening up guerilla forces in advance of the next stage of the military engagement, the ground
campaign. Air force tankers such as the HC–130, KC–135 and KC–10 would need to be deployed to
offer in flight air refueling for the F–15, F–16, F–22 and A–10's departing from regional Air force
bases. The Air Force also

Dieppe Raid Research Paper
Tragedy at Dieppe
The Dieppe Raid (August 19th 1942) was a dark time in Canadian military history, approximately
900 Canadian soldiers were killed, 2.5 thousand were wounded and two thousand soldiers were
taken prisoner by the Germans, all in a period of nine hours. Not knowing enough concerning this
battle, the area I wish to research is the Dieppe Raid in the Second World War. My research question
is "What allowed the Dieppe Raid to be such a failure?" The purpose of this essay is to scrutinize
the events that occurred during the operation as a whole, how the Allied Canadian force was
overpowered by the entrenched Germans, and what impact the raid had concerning the Allied war
effort. This paper will argue how Operation Rutter failed in most ... Show more content on
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Tragedy at Dieppe: Operation Jubilee, August 19, 1942. Madeira Park BC: Douglas & McIntyre,
2012.
This book examines how the raid began and the causes of the raid. Zuehlke goes into great detail
regarding the failure of the raid and the consequences this failure had on the Canadians and Allied
forces. He uses stories and documents told and written by the soldiers who took part in the raid to
get the readers to feel as if they are actually there. By doing this, it creates an emotional attachment
between the readers and the book, which allows for the message the author, is sending to get though
more smoothly.
"The 1942 Dieppe Raid." Veterans Affairs Canada. Accessed February 12, 2016.
http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/history/second–world–war/1942–dieppe–raid.
This website contains a vast amount of summaries, recollections, archives, diaries, and many other
forms of research pertaining to the causes of the raid, the consequences of the raid and everything in
between. This includes the planning, organization and the execution of the raid. The information
found will be used within the introduction and arguments regarding poor planning, lack of training
in amphibious assaults and the lack of

Marshall Island Case Study
General Holland Smith and the Battle of Tarawa "Before we're through with them, the Japanese
language will be spoken only in Hell," explained Admiral William F. Halsey in response to seeing
the damage inflicted upon Pearl Harbor by the Japanese. The United States entered World War II in
December 1941 bearing a hostile attitude towards the Japanese and immediately focused forces in
stopping Japan's aggressive Pacific expansion. In pursuing power of the Pacific, the United States
secured crucial victories at the Battle of Midway and Guadalcanal. As the United States sought
control of the Marshall Islands to advance forces on Japan, the Gilbert Islands stood as the avenue
of success in the Central Pacific Campaign. Operation Galvanic arose ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He also ordered that the 6th Marines would serve as a reserve force, which would leave the 2nd and
8th Marines to take the island of Betio on their own. Julian Smith, 2nd Marine division commander
who lead the attack on Tarawa, was stunned at Holland Smith's request as it was very untypical of
traditional Marine Corps fighting doctrine. The traditional doctrine called for a 3–1 superiority in
order to have a successful amphibious landing and Holland Smith's plan only had 2–1 superiority
over the enemy. After proposing such a plan, Holland Smith was put in charge of the frontal charge
that would be carried out in Tarawa. With this command, he proceeded to request the need for 100
more amtracs on top of 75 troop carrying amtracs that the 2nd Division Marines already had. This
request did not go over well with the commander of the South Pacific Amphibious Force, Admiral
Kelly Turner. Admiral Turner thought that requesting and moving 100 additional landing vehicles
would be a logistic failure and did not see the need for them as he believed that the amount of
vehicles they already possessed would be sufficient based on the tides. The stubborn man General
Holland Smith was, led him to confronting Turner with the ultimatum of, "No amtracs, no

Landings Were Been Around Since The Revolutionary War
Amphibious landings have been around since the Revolutionary War. The main purpose has always
been for landings; in order, to position soldiers for an assault on a city. Amphibious assaults,
however, have never actually been executed until World War 1. During that time a need for a
thorough amphibious assault doctrine was not needed because amphibious landings were not carried
out to assault the enemy on the beachhead, and landings were usually met with little resistance. One
of the first and foremost amphibious assaults occurred during World War 1. This amphibious
operation is known as the Battle of Gallipoli, which ended as a major failure for the Australian and
New Zealand Coalition forces, or ANZAC forces. The Battle of Gallipoli ... Show more content on
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The ANZAC had to control the Dardanelles by capturing the Gallipoli peninsula from Turkey, in
order to capture Constantinople and control the Strait of Bosporus. 2 However, the amphibious
assault on Gallipoli was a major disaster for the ANZAC and its allied forces. Many mistakes were
made because the ANZAC did not plan the amphibious assault well. The first mistake that was made
was that the ANZAC landing forces landed one mile north of the landing site. 3 This was a problem
because the landing force would have to change their course of direction, in order to get to the
correct landing site, which would waste precious time. This was also a problem because the
direction they were going to land at was an area with open cliffs rather than the open beach and
countryside that was intended. Further, the ANZAC forces did not adequately plan, how efficiently
they were too move off the beachhead, which poised as a potential kill zone. The initial problem
was that getting out of the landing crafts was problematic.4 The terrain under the shore posed a
problem for many soldiers getting off the beaches because it slowed them down. Many ANZAC
soldiers drowned or died disembarking their landing crafts. The ANZAC troops crowded the
beaches, once they landed. The ANZAC soldiers could not exit the beaches because not only were
the beaches chaotic with the amassed troops but also the maps that the ANZAC soldiers were
outdated and were utterly useless. In addition,

Invasion Of Sicily Outline
Invasion of Sicily By: SSG Engard SSG Lape SSG Manning ALC Class 009–014 SSG (P) Paulino
Introduction/ Thesis: Throughout WWII, the predictability of invading forces had been a major
Deciding factor for victory or defeat. The invasion of Sicily brought about a new Unconventional
means of deploying artillery that would forever change the battlefield. I. Conventional Artillery: The
science of artillery developed to conduct fires more accurately and improved the ability to move
more efficiently on the battlefield. A. Development of rifling in the cannon barrels to improve
accuracy. B. Motorizing Field Artillery making the elements more mobile. II. Mission Planning:
Influencing the unconventional employment of forces during Operation Husky was due to the
limited to the landing areas of Sicily. A. New, tactics, techniques and procedures (TTP) used to
develop parachute deployed artillery units. B. The 456th PFAB of the 82nd Airborne Division was
the first to test Parachute Field Artillery III. Mission Execution: The 456th PFAB and the 505th IR
jump in behind enemy lines to support the main body during the invasion. A. Timely insertions via
airdrop or amphibious assault during day or night proved to be ... Show more content on
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The practice of expedient support and development of equipment of fires enhanced rapidly due to
conflicts during World War II. This increased overall firing capabilities. Through technological
advancements a lighter and more mobile Field Artillery was developed. The effectiveness of
supporting units down range were maximized through the sole use of motorized artillery by both
sides' armies, even though the onslaught brought on by aircrafts proved to be the better alternative
during World War

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