Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into specialized cells and divide to produce more stem cells. There are two main types: embryonic stem cells from blastocysts that are pluripotent, and adult stem cells found in tissues that are multipotent. Stem cells can self-renew and differentiate. Their advantages in treating diseases include reversing development and restoring health with short treatment and no side effects, compared to traditional treatments requiring long-term medication and not being able to cure diseases.

1.
Stem Cells

2. Stem cells
are undifferentiated biological cells
that can differentiate into
specialized cells and can divide
(through mitosis) to produce more
stem cells.They are found in
multicellular organisms.

3. In mammals there are two broad types
of stem cells;
Embryonic stem cells, which are
isolated from the inner cell
mass of blastocysts,
Adult stem cells, which are found in
various tissues.

4. Stem cells can:
• self-renew to make more
stem cells
• differentiate into a
specialised cell type
Embryonic stem cells (pluripotent)
Stem cells that can become many
types of cells in the body are
called pluripotent
Tissue stem cells (multipotent)
Stem cells that can become
only a few types of cells are
called multipotent
Why are stem cells special?

6. Stem cells' advantages in treating complicated diseases
Effect: medication, surgery and other traditional treatment may be able to
control development of some diseases,
but hard to restore health even reverse the development of these diseases.
Duration : long-term treatment is required

7. Effect : through cell regeneration, it is hopeful to reverse
development of diseases and restore health. It's safe, no side
effect, and can assist traditional treatment to improve treatment
effect.
Duration : short treatment course, each of which lasts about 3
months. After the treatment, evaluation is required to determine
whether further sessions are needed.

8. The Stem Cell Treatment Experience of a Cerebral Palsy Boy

9. Cell Nuclear Replacement - is the process of
inserting the nucleus of an adult cell into a
donated egg from which the original nucleus
has been removed. Following CNR, if the
recipient egg is induced to divide, an embryo
can be produced. CNR was the first step in the
process by which Dolly the sheep was
created.

12. Vaccines - a substance used to
stimulate the production of antibodies
and provide immunity against one or
several diseases, prepared from the
causative agent of a disease, its
products, or a synthetic substitute,
treated to act as an antigen without
inducing the disease.

13. Biotechnology Industry Facts
•There are more than 370 drugs products and
vaccines currently in clinical trials targeting more
than 200 diseases including;
•Cancers
•Alzheimer’s disease
•Heart disease
•Diabetes
•Multiple sclerosis
•AIDS
•Arthritis

14. Agricultural Biotechnology
Agricultural
biotechnology
includes a range of
tools that scientists
employ to
understand and
manipulate the
genetic make-up of
organisms for use in
the production or
processing of
agricultural products.

15. Crop Improvement
• “Artificial Selection”
-Based on basic
Mendelian genetics
where two plant
types of the same
species are crossed
to produced a better
plant type.
 Example: Crossing a
plant that has a high
tolerance to disease
with a plant that has
a high fruit yield
gives you a disease
resistant plant with a
high fruit yield.

16. Genetic Modification
-Inserted genes from
other species into
plants/animals in
order to increase
yields or protect
against pests or
environmental
conditions.
-They are tested to
ensure no adverse
environmental or
health effects.

17. Natural Protection for Plants
•Herbicide Tolerance
•Resistance to Environmental Stresses

18. Tissue culture
Teak tissue cultures multiplied in test tubes
Teak plantation
established
Teak tissue cultured plants ready
for
field planting
BiotechnologyBiotechnology

19. Animal Biotechnology
Transgenics are genetically modified organisms
with DNA from another source inserted into
their genome
A large number of transgenic animals have
been created
Mice Cows Pigs Sheep Goats Fish Frogs
Insects
Currently, no transgenic animal or animal
product is approved by the FDA or USDA for
human consumption

20. Some of the goals of transgenic
animal creation are:
•Research into animal and human
disease
•Improve livestock animals
•Use of animals as bioreactors

21. Improving Animal Health

22. •Diagnostic Testing
•Brucellosis- Disease
given to humans by
animals.
•Pregnancy

23. •Disease Treatment
•Scours
•Parasites
•Shipping Fever

24. •Controlling animal disease
through genetically altered
vaccines

25. Improving Productivity

26. •Somatotrophins- hormones that
circulate in the blood, and are
produced by the pituitary gland.
Regulate fat deposits, milk
production, and growth.

27. •bST- Bovine Somatotrophin-
Increases weight gain, produces
leaner meat.
•pST- Porcine Somatotrophin-
Increases feed efficiency, and
reduces fat.

28. Prepared by:
Santa Isabel C. Mercado
MAED- SCIENCE